Welcome to the next chapter in the success story of the first ever Sports Activity Coupe in the mid-size class, which has racked up over 200,000 sales. Second generation of the BMW X4 places a far greater emphasis
on sportiness and expressive design. World premiere at the International Motor Show in Geneva in March 2018.
• Exterior design of the all-new BMW X4 is a picture of powerful agility and self-assured presence. Increase in length (+81 mm), width (+37 mm) and wheelbase length (+54 mm) as well as a 3 mm drop in height compared
with the outgoing model. With extravagantly styled and dynamically stretched lines, the new Sports Activity Coupe adds an eye-catching athlete to the BMW X model family.
• Modern, premium feel in the interior. Trademark blend of robustness and high-class elegance. Cockpit is designed clearly around the driver, in typical BMW fashion. Redesigned sports seats and knee pads.
• xLine, M Sport X and M Sport variants enable effective personalisation.
The BMW X4 is available for the first time with exclusive options from the BMW Individual portfolio, allowing a vehicle configuration closely tailored
to the customer’s personal style.
• Broad range of engines featuring three petrol and three diesel units and power outputs between 135 kW/184 hp and 265 kW/360 hp (fuel consumption combined: 9.0 – 5.4 l/100 km [31.4 – 52.3 mpg imp]; CO2 emissions combined: 209 – 142 g/km)*. Drive power is relayed via an eight-speed Steptronic transmission and BMW xDrive intelligent all-wheel drive (both standard on all models).
• Two BMW M Performance models available: BMW X4 M40i andBMW X4 M40d boast phenomenally powerful engines, plus model specific design and equipment features.
• Noticeably superior driving dynamics courtesy of extensively upgraded and lighter chassis technology tuned specifically for the X4. First-class chassis systems fitted as standard or available as options:
Variable Sport Steering, Performance Control, Adaptive M suspension, M Sport differential and M Sport brakes.
• Vehicle weight lowered by up to 50 kilograms compared to the predecessor model, thanks to BMW EfficientLightweight measures.
Most efficient aerodynamics in its segment: drag coefficient (Cd) of 0.30.
BMW
• Latest version of the iDrive operating system and intelligent voice control fitted as standard, Control Display with touchscreen functionality and BMW gesture control available as options.
• State-of-the-art driving assistance systems enhance comfort and safety; optional Driving Assistant Plus including Steering and lane control assistant plus Lane Keeping Assistant with side collision protection.
• Comprehensive portfolio of services from BMW ConnectedDrive.
BMW Connected personal mobility assistant provides seamless connectivity between the customer’s car and their digital lifestyle
activity coefficient 在 我要做富翁 Youtube 的最讚貼文
本文內容﹕三角關係,近年相關性的變化
早前街頭智慧跟大家分享了坊間不同技術指標的盲點及用法,由本集開始,我們將焦點移到一些市場經常提及到的"流言"。在傳統智慧中,美金的強弱對商品有著相反的關係,可是正確的嗎?今集將為大家帶來美金及金油之三角關係。
-三角關係
在傳統投資角度中,當美金走強時,投資者傾向手持現金﹔美金貶值時,人們會轉至買入商品,為資金保值。在邏輯上,這個推論是成立的,可是數據上又如何呢?我們嘗試以三者的相關系數(correlation coefficient)作測試。相關系數的波幅是由1至-1之間,1代表兩者的關係為正比例﹔而-1則會是有著相反方向的關聯性。
先由一個長時期開始,在過去50年,美金對石油及黃金的確有著相反的趨勢。美金對於石油有-0.212的關係﹔對黃金則是-0.369。即是當美金上升一個百分點時,以五十年來的數據,石油和黃金將會分別下跌0.212%及0.369%。
-近年相關性的變化
在長期,美金跟油金果然跟坊間所講,有著相反的關係,而短期的情況如下。
時間 丨美金對石油之相關系數 丨 美金對黃金之相關系數
2006-2016 -0.295 -0.457
2011-2016 -0.143 -0.492
2014-2016 -0.08 -0.488
從上面的數字可見,美金對黃金的相反系數一直都處於-0.4至-0.5之間,那是中度的負數關係,相反方向尚算,明顯配合坊間的說法。可是石油的相反關係卻是不斷地減弱,以近兩年的數字來說,相關系數近乎0,統計學上即是零相關性,表示美金跟石油接近沒有關係。
時間 丨美金對石油之相關系數 丨 美金對黃金之相關系數
2008-2011 -0.374 -0.418
2011-2014 -0.338 -0.497
我們發現,自2009年美國實行QE之後,美金開始向下走,當時市場紛紛走向黃金,甚至其他商品或是資產作避險,所以當時美金跟金油的相向關係明顯。可是直至2014年開始,石油因為政治的因素及OPEC未能達成減產協議所致,令其價格跟美金的關係減少。
-總結
美金跟油金的相關性並沒有預期似的完全相反,三者的相關系數強度只屬中等。當中黃金長期都能夠保持與美金之負數關係,而近年的相關更是多年之來最強,但石油和美金的相關系數卻愈來愈少,表示石油開始跟美金脫節。如投資者有意當美金走弱時買入商品,可首先考慮黃金,石油則需要多加留意政治的因素。最後,如大家對一些傳統智慧或是坊間流言有疑問,可以在下面留言,我們可以利用數字測試傳言之真偽。
撰文:施宏毅
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