關於 april 1, 2022 ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

Dear Explore Your Backyard 2021 Participants,

Due to the continued Covid-19 situation we have decided to postpone the Explore Your Backyard 2021 Edition. We simply don’t have enough certainty that the race will be allowed to continue, furthermore we want to ensure we can deliver a true EYB experience and that simply won’t be possible with the shadow of Covid-19 hanging over us.
The new proposed date is Saturday, April 30th, 2022. Same location: Tucheng, New Taipei City.

We understand that due to these circumstances, some of you may not be able to attend the event and may wish to cancel your registration. We’ve prepared a form so you can let us know your decision.

NOTE: Please let us know your decision by September 12 if you wish to cancel your registration, if we don’t hear back from you, your registration will be transferred to the new date.

Please follow the link at the bottom of this email to select one of the following options:

1. Keep your registration for the new date.

2. Cancel your registration and receive a refund. Please note that there will be a 100 NTD fee per participant to cover the transfer and administrative fees. Payments will be made before September 30th.

Explore Your Backyard Postponement/Cancellation Form: https://forms.gle/GUXrAva3jfjMAtj36

We appreciate your understanding, and hope to see you in April.

Remember to stay safe and stay fit - Explore Your Backyard Team

Dear CLOUD ULTRA 2021participants,
親愛參加Cloud Ultra 2021的朋友們，您們好

我們想要公佈更多關於Cloud Ultra，但現在看起來仍然不確定，有很多的因素限制CU的未來。
CU是與台中教育大學跟原民局聯盟合作計畫-結合部落市集與跑山活動，主要幫忙我們協調與各公部門單位（如林務局東勢林管處，台中市警察分局，和平區公所，台中市運動局及大安溪流域6大部落頭目里長及協會..等。）
當然我們希望這場活動最後是延期而不是取消，因為我們花了將近一年時間，心力，溝通及成本籌備這場活動，為了想要專心在這場也取消貓空跟叢林野跑，但最後因為疫情臨時取消，對我們非常的心力交瘁。
但現在是非常時期，一定要支持國家防疫工作。

以下是簡單說明可能會發生的情況:
1] 延期到9月11或18日（由於天氣和 Covid 可能不是最佳選擇，但對於聯盟合作計畫是最適合的時間。）
2] 延期到2021年10月（聯盟合作計畫期限已經到，我們需要再找更多資源協助。）
3] 延期到2022年三月/四月（如果沒有再其他的活動，我們公司可能無法在經濟上繼續維持。）
4] 取消（在我們報名規章裡，在活動14天前取消是沒有退費，然而我們仍然在最後一刻快速地取消一些項目，省下20%預算，所以我們可以分別地退款給58公里台幣750元，跟73公里台幣1250元。款項可以直接退費到帳戶或是轉換成優惠卷。）

如果要求部分退款的人數較多，我們將無法承擔費用並取消活動。可以轉換參加名額給另一個人。只有在疫情非常樂觀情況才會開始再報名活動（ 不提供T-shirt）

請保持安全，希望台灣跟世界會更好，恢復正常的生活。
Petr & Eva

We would like to announce more about Cloud Ultra but the situation still looks uncertain. There are many factors which are limiting held CU in the future. CU is part of a cooperative project with National Taichung University of Education and the Aboriginal Bureau Alliance with the aim to combine tribal fairs and mountain activities. They mainly help us coordinate with various public units (such as Forestry Bureau Dongshi, Taichung City Police, Heping District government office, Taichung City Sports Bureau, and the leaders of the 6 tribes and association in the Daanxi river,... etc.)

We hope this event will be postponed instead of cancelled, because we have spent almost a year of preparation for this event with big effort, communication and financial cost. Due to difficulty and effort requirements, we decided not to hold other events in spring of 2021 (Run Through The Jungle and Ultra Maokong) and focus fully on this unique event. Unfortunately, we had to cancel the event two days prior to its original date of 15th May 2021, due to the acceleration of spreading Covid-19 in Taiwan (it showed it was the best decision). It was very exhausting for us. But in this emergency period everyone must follow and support epidemic prevention measurements.

Below are possible scenarios with brief explanation:
1] postpone to 11th or 18th September 2021 (it is not optimal for event due weather and Covid, but preferred term for project)
2] postpone to October 2021 (village project is over, we may find more resources to support)
3] postpone to March/April 2022 (our company may not sustain financially if we cannot held another event)
4] cancelation (since it was canceled 14 days before the event there are officially no refunds, however we were able to quickly cancel many items and save 20% of budget, which is 750NTD or 1250NTD for 58km and 73km, respectively. This can be refund to account or in form of voucher in case of cancelation)

If there will be many requests for partial refund, we will not be able to bear the cost and will cancel the event. Transfer spot to another person is possible. Registering for the event will be possible only at a very optimistic pandemic level (T-shirts are not available.)

Keep safe and looking for better future in Taiwan and rest of world
Petr & Eva

這是前些日子爆出已經被加拿大法院接理對藏傳佛教噶舉派法王的訟訴。（加拿大法院鏈接在此：https://www.bccourts.ca/jdb-txt/sc/21/09/2021BCSC0939cor1.htm?fbclid=IwAR2FLZlzmUIGTBaTuKPVchEqqngcE3Qy6G_C0TWNWVKa2ksbIYkVJVMQ8f8）

這位法王的桃色事件，我是幾年前才聽到。但，藏傳佛教的高層有這些性醜聞，我已經聽了幾十年。我以前的一位前女友也被一些堪布藉故上她的家摟抱過，也有一些活佛跟她表白。（這不只是她，其他地方我也聽過不少）

這是一個藏傳佛教裡面系統式的問題。

很多時候發生這種事情，信徒和教主往往都是說女方得不到寵而報仇，或者說她們也精神病，或者說她們撒謊。

我不排除有這種可能性，但，多過一位，甚至多位出來指證的時候，我是傾向於相信『沒有那麼巧這麼多有精神病的女人要撒謊來報仇』。

大寶法王的桃色事件，最先吹哨的是一位台灣的在家信徒，第二位是香港的女出家人，現在加拿大又多一位公開舉報上法庭。

對大寶法王信徒來說，這一次的比較麻煩，因為是有孩子的。（關於有孩子的，我早在法王的桃色事件曝光時，就有聽聞）

如果法庭勒令要驗證DNA，這對法王和他的信徒來說，會很尷尬和矛盾，因為做或不做，都死。

你若問我，我覺得『人數是有力量的』，同時我也覺得之後有更多的人站出來，是不出奇的。

我也藉此呼籲各方佛教徒，如果你們真的愛佛教，先別說批判，但如鴕鳥般不討論這些爭議，你是間接害了佛教。

（下面是我從加拿大法院鏈接拷貝下來的內容，當中有很多細節。）

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND

ANALYSIS

A. The Spousal Support Claim in this Case

B. The Test to Amend Pleadings

C. Pleadings in Family Law Cases

D. The Legal Concept of a Marriage-Like Relationship

E. Is There a Reasonable Claim of a Marriage-Like Relationship?

F. Delay / Prejudice

CONCLUSION



INTRODUCTION
[1] The claimant applies to amend her notice of family claim to seek spousal support. At issue is whether the claimant’s allegations give rise to a reasonable claim she lived with the respondent in a marriage-like relationship, so as to give rise to a potential entitlement to spousal support under the Family Law Act, S.B.C. 2011, c. 25 (“FLA”).

[2] The facts alleged by the claimant do not fit within a traditional concept of marriage. The claimant does not allege that she and the respondent ever lived together. Indeed, she has only met the respondent in person four times: twice very briefly in a public setting; a third time in private, when she alleges the respondent sexually assaulted her; and a fourth and final occasion, when she informed the respondent she was pregnant with his child.

[3] The claimant’s case is that what began as a non-consensual sexual encounter evolved into a loving and affectionate relationship. That relationship occurred almost entirely over private text messages. The parties rarely spoke on the telephone, and never saw one another during the relationship, even over video. The claimant says they could not be together because the respondent is forbidden by his station and religious beliefs from intimate relationships or marriage. Nonetheless, she alleges, they formed a marriage-like relationship that lasted from January 2018 to January 2019.

[4] The respondent denies any romantic relationship with the claimant. While he acknowledges providing emotional and financial support to the claimant, he says it was for the benefit of the child the claimant told him was his daughter.

[5] The claimant’s proposed amendment raises a novel question: can a secret relationship that began on-line and never moved into the physical world be like a marriage? In my view, that question should be answered by a trial judge after hearing all of the evidence. The alleged facts give rise to a reasonable claim the claimant lived with the respondent in a marriage-like relationship. Accordingly, I grant the claimant leave to amend her notice of family claim.

BACKGROUND
[6] It should be emphasized that this is an application to amend pleadings only. The allegations by the claimant are presumed to be true for the purposes of this application. Those allegations have not been tested in a court of law.

[7] The respondent, Ogyen Trinley Dorje, is a high lama of the Karma Kagyu School of Tibetan Buddhism. He has been recognized and enthroned as His Holiness, the 17th Gyalwang Karmapa. Without meaning any disrespect, I will refer to him as Mr. Dorje in these reasons for judgment.

[8] Mr. Dorje leads a monastic and nomadic lifestyle. His true home is Tibet, but he currently resides in India. He receives followers from around the world at the Gyuto Monetary in India. He also travels the world teaching Tibetan Buddhist Dharma and hosting pujas, ceremonies at which Buddhists express their gratitude and devotion to the Buddha.

[9] The claimant, Vikki Hui Xin Han, is a former nun of Tibetan Buddhism. Ms. Han first encountered Mr. Dorje briefly at a large puja in 2014. The experience of the puja convinced Ms. Han she wanted to become a Buddhist nun. She met briefly with Mr. Dorje, in accordance with Kagyu traditions, to obtain his approval to become a nun.

[10] In October 2016, Ms. Han began a three-year, three-month meditation retreat at a monastery in New York State. Her objective was to learn the practices and teachings of the Kagyu Lineage. Mr. Dorje was present at the retreat twice during the time Ms. Han was at the monastery.

[11] Ms. Han alleges that on October 14, 2017, Mr. Dorje sexually assaulted her in her room at the monastery. She alleges that she became pregnant from the assault.

[12] After she learned that she was pregnant, Ms. Han requested a private audience with Mr. Dorje. In November 2017, in the presence of his bodyguards, Ms. Han informed Mr. Dorje she was pregnant with his child. Mr. Dorje initially denied responsibility; however, he provided Ms. Han with his email address and a cellphone number, and, according to Ms. Han, said he would “prepare some money” for her.

[13] Ms. Han abandoned her plan to become a nun, left the retreat and returned to Canada. She never saw Mr. Dorje again.

[14] After Ms. Han returned to Canada, she and Mr. Dorje began a regular communication over an instant messaging app called Line. They also exchanged emails and occasionally spoke on the telephone.

[15] The parties appear to have expressed care and affection for one another in these communications. I say “appear to” because it is difficult to fully understand the meaning and intentions of another person from brief text messages, especially those originally written in a different language. The parties wrote in a private shorthand, sharing jokes, emojis, cartoon portraits and “hugs” or “kisses”. Ms. Han was the more expressive of the two, writing more frequently and in longer messages. Mr. Dorje generally participated in response to questions or prompting from Ms. Han, sometimes in single word messages.

[16] Ms. Han deposes that she believed Mr. Dorje was in love with her and that, by January 2018, she and Mr. Dorje were living in a “conjugal relationship”.

[17] During their communications, Ms. Han expressed concern that her child would be “illegitimate”. She appears to have asked Mr. Dorje to marry her, and he appears to have responded that he was “not ready”.

[18] Throughout 2018, Mr. Dorje transferred funds in various denominations to Ms. Han through various third parties. Ms. Han deposes that these funds were:

a) $50,000 CDN to deliver the child and for postpartum care she was to receive at a facility in Seattle;

b) $300,000 CDN for the first year of the child’s life;

c) $20,000 USD for a wedding ring, because Ms. Han wrote “Even if we cannot get married, you must buy me a wedding ring”;

d) $400,000 USD to purchase a home for the mother and child.

[19] On June 19, 2018, Ms. Han gave birth to a daughter in Richmond, B.C.

[20] On September 17, 2018, Mr. Dorje wrote, ”Taking care of her and you are my duty for life”.

[21] Ms. Han’s expectation was that the parties would live together in the future. She says they planned to live together. Those plans evolved over time. Initially they involved purchasing a property in Toronto, so that Mr. Dorje could visit when he was in New York. They also discussed purchasing property in Calgary or renting a home in Vancouver for that purpose. Ms. Han eventually purchased a condominium in Richmond using funds provided by Mr. Dorje.

[22] Ms. Han deposes that the parties made plans for Mr. Dorje to visit her and meet the child in Richmond. In October 2018, however, Mr. Dorje wrote that he needed to “disappear” to Europe. He wrote:

I will definitely find a way to meet her

And you

Remember to take care of yourself if something happens

[23] The final plan the parties discussed, according to Ms. Han, was that Mr. Dorje would sponsor Ms. Han and the child to immigrate to the United States and live at the Kagyu retreat centre in New York State.

[24] In January 2019, Ms. Han lost contact with Mr. Dorje.

[25] Ms. Han commenced this family law case on July 17, 2019, seeking child support, a declaration of parentage and a parentage test. She did not seek spousal support.

[26] Ms. Han first proposed a claim for spousal support in October 2020 after a change in her counsel. Following an exchange of correspondence concerning an application for leave to amend the notice of family claim, Ms. Han’s counsel wrote that Ms. Han would not be advancing a spousal support claim. On March 16, 2020, counsel reversed course, and advised that Ms. Han had instructed him to proceed with the application.

[27] When this application came on before me, the trial was set to commence on June 7, 2021. The parties were still in the process of discoveries and obtaining translations for hundreds of pages of documents in Chinese characters.

[28] At a trial management conference on May 6, 2021, noting the parties were not ready to proceed, Madam Justice Walkem adjourned the trial to April 11, 2022.

ANALYSIS
A. The Spousal Support Claim in this Case
[29] To claim spousal support in this case, Ms. Han must plead that she lived with Mr. Dorje in a marriage-like relationship. This is because only “spouses” are entitled to spousal support, and s. 3 of the Family Law Act defines a spouse as a person who is married or has lived with another person in a marriage-like relationship:

3 (1) A person is a spouse for the purposes of this Act if the person

(a) is married to another person, or

(b) has lived with another person in a marriage-like relationship, and

(i) has done so for a continuous period of at least 2 years, or

(ii) except in Parts 5 [Property Division] and 6 [Pension Division], has a child with the other person.

[30] Because she alleges she has a child with Mr. Dorje, Ms. Han need not allege that the relationship endured for a continuous period of two years to claim spousal support; but she must allege that she lived in a marriage-like relationship with him at some point in time. Accordingly, she must amend the notice of family claim.

B. The Test to Amend Pleadings
[31] Given that the notice of trial has been served, Ms. Han requires leave of the court to amend the notice of family claim: Supreme Court Family Rule 8-1(1)(b)(i).

[32] A person seeking to amend a notice of family claim must show that there is a reasonable cause of action. This is a low threshold. What the applicant needs to establish is that, if the facts pleaded are proven at trial, they would support a reasonable claim. The applicant’s allegations of fact are assumed to be true for the purposes of this analysis. Cantelon v. Wall, 2015 BCSC 813, at para. 7-8.

[33] The applicant’s delay, the reasons for the delay, and the prejudice to the responding party are also relevant factors. The ultimate consideration is whether it would be just and convenient to allow the amendment. Cantelon, at para. 6, citing Teal Cedar Products Ltd. v. Dale Intermediaries Ltd. et al (1986), 19 B.C.L.R. (3d) 282.

C. Pleadings in Family Law Cases
[34] Supreme Court Family Rules 3-1(1) and 4-1(1) require that a claim to spousal support be pleaded in a notice of family claim in Form F3. Section 2 of Form F3, “Spousal relationship history”, requires a spousal support claimant to check the boxes that apply to them, according to whether they are or have been married or are or have been in a marriage-like relationship. Where a claimant alleges a marriage-like relationship, Form F3 requires that they provide the date on which they began to live together with the respondent in a marriage-like relationship and, where applicable, the date on which they separated. Form F3 does not require a statement of the factual basis for the claim of spousal support.

[35] In this case, Ms. Han seeks to amend the notice of family claim to allege that she and Mr. Dorje began to live in a marriage-like relationship in or around January 2018, and separated in or around January 2019.

[36] An allegation that a person lived with a claimant in a marriage-like relationship is a conclusion of law, not an allegation of fact. Unlike the rules governing pleadings in civil actions, however, the Supreme Court Family Rules do not expressly require family law claimants to plead the material facts in support of conclusions of law.

[37] In other words, there is no express requirement in the Supreme Court Family Rules that Ms. Han plead the facts on which she relies for the allegation she and Mr. Dorje lived in a marriage-like relationship.

[38] Rule 4-6 authorizes a party to demand particulars, and then apply to the court for an order for further and better particulars, of a matter stated in a pleading. However, unless and until she is granted leave and files the proposed amended notice of family claim, Ms. Han’s allegation of a marriage-like relationship is not a matter stated in a pleading.

[39] Ms. Han filed an affidavit in support of her application to amend the notice of family claim. Normally, evidence would not be required or admissible on an application to amend a pleading. However, in the unusual circumstances of this case, the parties agreed I may look to Ms. Han’s affidavit and exhibits for the facts she pleads in support of the allegation of a marriage-like relationship.

[40] Because this is an application to amend - and Ms. Han’s allegations of fact are presumed to be true - I have not considered Mr. Dorje’s responding affidavit.

[41] Relying on affidavit evidence for an application to amend pleadings is less than ideal. It tends to merge and confuse the material facts with the evidence that would be relied on to prove those facts. In a number of places in her affidavit, for example, Ms. Han describes her feelings, impressions and understandings. A person’s hopes and intentions are not normally material facts unless they are mutual or reasonably held. The facts on which Ms. Han alleges she and Mr. Dorje formed a marriage-like relationship are more important for the present purposes than her belief they entered into a conjugal union.

[42] Somewhat unusually, in this case, almost all of the parties’ relevant communications were in writing. This makes it somewhat easier to separate the facts from the evidence; however, as stated above, it is difficult to understand the intentions and actions of a person from brief text messages.

[43] In my view, it would be a good practice for applicants who seek to amend their pleadings in family law cases to provide opposing counsel and the court with a schedule of the material facts on which they rely for the proposed amendment.

D. The Legal Concept of a Marriage-Like Relationship
[44] As Mr. Justice Myers observed in Mother 1 v. Solus Trust Company, 2019 BCSC 200, the concept of a marriage-like relationship is elastic and difficult to define. This elasticity is illustrated by the following passage from Yakiwchuk v. Oaks, 2003 SKQB 124, quoted by Myers J. at para. 133 of Mother 1:

[10] Spousal relationships are many and varied. Individuals in spousal relationships, whether they are married or not, structure their relationships differently. In some relationships there is a complete blending of finances and property - in others, spouses keep their property and finances totally separate and in still others one spouse may totally control those aspects of the relationship with the other spouse having little or no knowledge or input. For some couples, sexual relations are very important - for others, that aspect may take a back seat to companionship. Some spouses do not share the same bed. There may be a variety of reasons for this such as health or personal choice. Some people are affectionate and demonstrative. They show their feelings for their “spouse” by holding hands, touching and kissing in public. Other individuals are not demonstrative and do not engage in public displays of affection. Some “spouses” do everything together - others do nothing together. Some “spouses” vacation together and some spend their holidays apart. Some “spouses” have children - others do not. It is this variation in the way human beings structure their relationships that make the determination of when a “spousal relationship” exists difficult to determine. With married couples, the relationship is easy to establish. The marriage ceremony is a public declaration of their commitment and intent. Relationships outside marriage are much more difficult to ascertain. Rarely is there any type of “public” declaration of intent. Often people begin cohabiting with little forethought or planning. Their motivation is often nothing more than wanting to “be together”. Some individuals have chosen to enter relationships outside marriage because they did not want the legal obligations imposed by that status. Some individuals have simply given no thought as to how their relationship would operate. Often the date when the cohabitation actually began is blurred because people “ease into” situations, spending more and more time together. Agreements between people verifying when their relationship began and how it will operate often do not exist.

[45] In Mother 1, Mr. Justice Myers referred to a list of 22 factors grouped into seven categories, from Maldowich v. Penttinen, (1980), 17 R.F.L. (2d) 376 (Ont. Dist. Ct.), that have frequently been cited in this and other courts for the purpose of determining whether a relationship was marriage-like, at para. 134 of Mother 1:

1. Shelter:

(a) Did the parties live under the same roof?

(b) What were the sleeping arrangements?

(c) Did anyone else occupy or share the available accommodation?

2. Sexual and Personal Behaviour:

(a) Did the parties have sexual relations? If not, why not?

(b) Did they maintain an attitude of fidelity to each other?

(c) What were their feelings toward each other?

(d) Did they communicate on a personal level?

(e) Did they eat their meals together?

(f) What, if anything, did they do to assist each other with problems or during illness?

(g) Did they buy gifts for each other on special occasions?

3. Services:

What was the conduct and habit of the parties in relation to:

(a) preparation of meals;

(b) washing and mending clothes;

(c) shopping;

(d) household maintenance; and

(e) any other domestic services?

4. Social:

(a) Did they participate together or separately in neighbourhood and community activities?

(b) What was the relationship and conduct of each of them toward members of their respective families and how did such families behave towards the parties?

5. Societal:

What was the attitude and conduct of the community toward each of them and as a couple?

6. Support (economic):

(a) What were the financial arrangements between the parties regarding the provision of or contribution toward the necessaries of life (food, clothing, shelter, recreation, etc.)?

(b) What were the arrangements concerning the acquisition and ownership of property?

(c) Was there any special financial arrangement between them which both agreed would be determinant of their overall relationship?

7. Children:

What was the attitude and conduct of the parties concerning children?

[46] In Austin v. Goerz, 2007 BCCA 586, the Court of Appeal cautioned against a “checklist approach”; rather, a court should "holistically" examine all the relevant factors. Cases like Molodowich provide helpful indicators of the sorts of behaviour that society associates with a marital relationship, the Court of Appeal said; however, “the presence or absence of any particular factor cannot be determinative of whether a relationship is marriage-like” (para. 58).

[47] In Weber v. Leclerc, 2015 BCCA 492, the Court of Appeal again affirmed that there is no checklist of characteristics that will be found in all marriages and then concluded with respect to evidence of intentions:

[23] The parties’ intentions – particularly the expectation that the relationship will be of lengthy, indeterminate duration – may be of importance in determining whether a relationship is “marriage-like”. While the court will consider the evidence expressly describing the parties’ intentions during the relationship, it will also test that evidence by considering whether the objective evidence is consonant with those intentions.

[24] The question of whether a relationship is “marriage-like” will also typically depend on more than just their intentions. Objective evidence of the parties’ lifestyle and interactions will also provide direct guidance on the question of whether the relationship was “marriage-like”.

[48] Significantly for this case, the courts have looked to mutual intent in order to find a marriage-like relationship. See, for example, L.E. v. D.J., 2011 BCSC 671 and Buell v. Unger, 2011 BCSC 35; Davey Estate v. Gruyaert, 2005 CarswellBC 3456 at 13 and 35.

[49] In Mother 1, Myers J. concluded his analysis of the law with the following learned comment:

[143] Having canvassed the law relating to the nature of a marriage-like relationship, I will digress to point out the problematic nature of the concept. It may be apparent from the above that determining whether a marriage-like relationship exists sometimes seems like sand running through one's fingers. Simply put, a marriage-like relationship is akin to a marriage without the formality of a marriage. But as the cases mentioned above have noted, people treat their marriages differently and have different conceptions of what marriage entails.

[50] In short, the determination of whether the parties in this case lived in a marriage-like relationship is a fact-specific inquiry that a trial judge would need to make on a “holistic” basis, having regard to all of the evidence. While the trial judge may consider the various factors listed in the authorities, those factors would not be treated as a checklist and no single factor or category of factors would be treated as being decisive.

E. Is There a Reasonable Claim of a Marriage-Like Relationship?
[51] In this case, many of the Molodowich factors are missing:

a) The parties never lived under the same roof. They never slept together. They were never in the same place at the same time during the relationship. The last time they saw each other in person was in November 2017, before the relationship began.

b) The parties never had consensual sex. They did not hug, kiss or hold hands. With the exception of the alleged sexual assault, they never touched one another physically.

c) The parties expressed care and affection for one another, but they rarely shared personal information or interest in their lives outside of their direct topic of communication. They did not write about their families, their friends, their religious beliefs or their work.

d) They expressed concern and support for one another when the other felt unwell or experienced health issues, but they did not provide any care or assistance during illness or other problems.

e) They did not assist one another with domestic chores.

f) They did not share their relationship with their peers or their community. There is no allegation, for example, that Mr. Dorje told his fellow monks or any of his followers about the relationship. There is no allegation that Ms. Han told her friends or any co-workers. Indeed, there is no allegation that anyone, with the exception of Ms. Han’s mother, knew about the relationship. Although Mr. Dorje gave Ms. Han’s mother a gift, he never met the mother and he never spoke to her.

g) They did not intend to have a child together. The child was conceived as a result of a sexual assault. While Mr. Dorje expressed interest in “meeting” the child, he never followed up. He currently has no relationship with the child. There is no allegation he has sought access or parenting arrangements.

[52] The only Molodowich factor of any real relevance in this case is economic support. Mr. Dorje provided the funds with which Ms. Han purchased a condominium. Mr. Dorje initially wrote that he wanted to buy a property with the money, but, he wrote, “It’s the same thing if you buy [it]”.

[53] Mr. Dorje also provided a significant amount of money for Ms. Han’s postpartum care and the child’s first year of life.

[54] This financial support may have been primarily for the benefit of the child. Even the condominium, Ms. Han wrote, was primarily for the benefit of the child.

[55] However, in my view, a trial judge may attach a broader significance to the financial support from Mr. Dorje than child support alone. A trial judge may find that the money Mr. Dorje provided to Ms. Han at her request was an expression of his commitment to her in circumstances in which he could not commit physically. The money and the gifts may be seen by the trial judge to have been a form of down payment by Mr. Dorje on a promise of continued emotional and financial support for Ms. Han, or, in Mr. Dorje’s own words, “Taking care of her and you are my duty for life” (emphasis added).

[56] On the other hand, I find it difficult to attach any particular significance to the fact that Mr. Dorje agreed to provide funds for Ms. Han to purchase a wedding ring. It appears to me that Ms. Han demanded that Mr. Dorje buy her a wedding ring, not that the ring had any mutual meaning to the parties as a marriage symbol. But it is relevant, in my view, that Mr. Dorje provided $20,000 USD to Ms. Han for something she wanted that was of no benefit to the child.

[57] Further, Ms. Han alleges that the parties intended to live together. At a minimum, a trial judge may find that the discussions about where Ms. Han and the child would live reflected a mutual intention of the parties to see one another and spend time together when they could.

[58] Mr. Dorje argues that an intention to live together at some point in the future is not sufficient to show that an existing relationship was marriage-like. He argues that the question of whether the relationship was marriage-like requires more than just intentions, citing Weber, supra.

[59] In my view, the documentary evidence referred to above provides some objective evidence in this case that the parties progressed beyond mere intentions. As stated, the parties appear to have expressed genuine care and affection for one another. They appear to have discussed marriage, trust, honesty, finances, mutual obligations and acquiring family property. These are not matters one would expect Mr. Dorje to discuss with a friend or a follower, or even with the mother of his child, without a marriage-like element of the relationship.

[60] A trial judge may find on the facts alleged by Ms. Han that the parties loved one another and would have lived together, but were unable to do so because of Mr. Dorje’s religious duties and nomadic lifestyle.

[61] The question I raised in the introduction to these reasons is whether a relationship that began on-line and never moved into the physical world can be marriage-like.

[62] Notably, the definition of a spouse in the Family Law Act does not require that the parties live together, only that they live with another person in a marriage-like relationship.

[63] In Connor Estate, 2017 BCSC 978, Mr. Justice Kent found that a couple that maintained two entirely separate households and never lived under the same roof formed a marriage-like relationship. (Connor Estate was decided under the intestacy provisions of the Wills, Estates and Succession Act, S.B.C. 2009, c. 13 ("WESA"), but courts have relied on cases decided under WESA and the FLA interchangeably for their definitions of a spouse.) Mr. Justice Kent found:

[50] The evidence is overwhelming and I find as a fact that Mr. Chambers and Ms. Connor loved and cared deeply about each other, and that they had a loving and intimate relationship for over 20 years that was far more than mere friendship or even so-called "friendship with benefits". I accept Mr. Chambers' evidence that he would have liked to share a home with Ms. Connor after the separation from his wife, but was unable to do so because of Ms. Connor's hoarding illness. The evidence amply supports, and I find as a fact, that Mr. Chambers and Ms. Connor loved each other, were faithful to each other, communicated with each other almost every day when they were not together, considered themselves to be (and presented themselves to be) "husband and wife" and were accepted by all who knew them as a couple.

[64] Connor Estate may be distinguishable from this case because Mr. Chambers and Ms. Connor were physically intimate for over 20 years, and presented themselves to the world as a married couple.

[65] Other decisions in which a marriage-like relationship has been found to exist despite the parties not living together have involved circumstances in which the couple lived under the same roof at previous points in the relationship, and the issue was whether they continued to be spouses after they took up separate residences: in Thompson v. Floyd, 2001 BCCA 78, the parties had lived together for a period of at least 11 years; in Roach v. Dutra, 2010 BCCA 264, the parties had lived together for approximately three years.

[66] However, as Mr. Justice Kent noted in Connor Estate:

[48] … [W]hile much guidance might be found in this case law, the simple fact is that no two cases are identical (and indeed they usually vary widely) and it is the assessment of evidence as a whole in this particular case which matters.

[67] Mr. Justice Kent concluded:

[53] Like human beings themselves, marriage-like relationships can come in many and various shapes. In this particular case, I have no doubt that such a relationship existed …

[68] As stated, Ms. Han’s claim is novel. It may even be weak. Almost all of the traditional factors are missing. The fact that Ms. Han and Mr. Dorje never lived under the same roof, never shared a bed and never even spent time together in person will militate against a finding they lived with one another in a marriage-like relationship. However, the traditional factors are not a mandatory check-list that confines the “elastic” concept of a marriage-like relationship. And if the COVID pandemic has taught us nothing else, it is that real relationships can form, blossom and end in virtual worlds.

[69] In my view, the merits of Ms. Han’s claim should be decided on the evidence. Subject to an overriding prejudice to Mr. Dorje, she should have leave to amend the notice of family claim. However, she should also provide meaningful particulars of the alleged marriage-like relationship.

F. Delay / Prejudice
[70] Ms. Han filed her notice of family claim on July 17, 2019. She brought this application to amend approximately one year and nine months after she filed the pleading, just over two months before the original trial date.

[71] Ms. Han’s delay was made all that more remarkable by her change in position from January 19, 2021, when she confirmed, through counsel, that she was not seeking spousal support in this case.

[72] Ms. Han gave notice of her intention to proceed with this application to Mr. Dorje on March 16, 2021. By the time the application was heard, the parties had conducted examinations for discovery without covering the issues that would arise from a claim of spousal support.

[73] Also, in April, Ms. Han produced additional documents, primarily text messages, that may be relevant to her claim of spousal support, but were undecipherable to counsel for Mr. Dorje, who does not read Mandarin.

[74] This application proceeded largely on documents selected and translated by counsel for Ms. Han. I was informed that Mandarin translations of the full materials would take 150 days.

[75] Understandably in the circumstances, Mr. Dorje argued that an amendment two months before trial would be neither just nor convenient. He argued that he would be prejudiced by an adjournment so as to allow Ms. Han to advance a late claim of spousal support.

[76] The circumstances changed on May 6, 2021, when Madam Justice Walkem adjourned the trial to July 2022 and reset it for 25 days. Madam Justice Walkem noted that most of the witnesses live internationally and require translators. She also noted that paternity may be in issue, and Mr. Dorje may amend his pleadings to raise that issue. It seems clear that, altogether apart from the potential spousal support claim, the parties were not ready to proceed to trial on June 7, 2021.

[77] In my view, any remaining prejudice to Mr. Dorje is outweighed by the importance of having all of the issues between the parties decided on their merits.

[78] Ms. Han’s delay and changes of position on spousal support may be a matter to de addressed in a future order of costs; but they are not grounds on which to deny her leave to amend the notice of family claim.

CONCLUSION
[79] Ms. Han is granted leave to amend her notice of family claim in the form attached as Appendix A to the notice of application to include a claim for spousal support.

[80] Within 21 days, or such other deadline as the parties may agree, Ms. Han must provide particulars of the marriage-like relationship alleged in the amended notice of family claim.

[81] Ms. Han is entitled to costs of this application in the cause of the spousal support claim.

“Master Elwood”

今日は月曜日！ここ１週間のニュースのまとめです。4/14に公式告知された4/21のイベントへ向けた追加の噂や予測とこの１週間活発だった次期iPhone 13や将来のiPhoneの噂など結構たくさん有りました。
4月19日午後3時くらいまでの情報です。その後別の情報が出る可能性はありますがそれは来週扱います。

＜引用させていただいた記事＞
MacRumors
https://www.macrumors.com/guide/what-to-expect-apple-event-april-20/

https://www.macrumors.com/2021/04/17/leaker-new-imacs-apple-spring-event/
https://twitter.com/L0vetodream/status/1383349327658057728

https://www.macrumors.com/2021/04/16/21-5-inch-mac-dwindling-availability/

https://www.macrumors.com/2021/04/16/ltpo-120hz-display-iphone-13-pro-models/
https://twitter.com/DSCCRoss/status/1383098367102709765

https://www.macrumors.com/2021/04/16/iphone-13-series-cad-leaks/
https://youtu.be/fim4z0B5xak

https://www.macrumors.com/2021/04/15/iphone-12-spring-case-colors-leak/

https://www.macrumors.com/2021/04/15/apple-pencil-3-again-rumored/
https://twitter.com/laobaiTD/status/1367102458124660745

https://www.macrumors.com/2021/04/15/gurman-apple-event-nothing-innovative/
https://youtu.be/e6lGR6xDmwk

https://www.macrumors.com/2021/04/14/kuo-no-new-iphone-mini-in-2022/
https://www.macrumors.com/2021/04/14/kuo-2022-iphones-no-mini-upgraded-camera/
https://www.macrumors.com/2021/04/14/kuo-2023-iphones-under-display-face-id/

9to5Mac
https://9to5mac.com/2021/04/16/apple-pencil-3-leaked-video-glossy/
https://twitter.com/ileakeer/status/1383034501325066240

https://9to5mac.com/2021/04/17/iphone-13-notch-images-vs-iphone-12/
https://twitter.com/duanrui1205/status/1383444354866372615

https://9to5mac.com/2021/04/14/parallels-16-5-with-native-apple-silicon-support-now-available-up-30-faster-vm-performance-than-intel/

https://9to5mac.com/2021/04/13/apple-april-event-ipad-confirmed/
https://9to5mac.com/2021/04/13/apple-april-event-roundup/
https://9to5mac.com/2021/04/13/apple-april-event-roundup/

＜関連動画＞
速報！Appleがイベント開催を正式告知！日本時間4月21日午前2時・出そうな新製品の予測まとめ
https://youtu.be/d1FTQ5XxV4E

先週の動画
ついに新iPad Proが4月下旬!?も出荷台数少なめ？iPhone絶好調など・Appleの1週間 噂とニュースまとめ　2021年4月12日
https://youtu.be/1l6301TobzQ


iPhoneケース新色？にiOS14.5はもうすぐ？SEは今年無し？WWDC決定などAppleの1週間 噂とニュースまとめ20210406
https://youtu.be/ku-xhL8gZqU

AirPods 3は7-9月？新型iPad Pro/iMacの痕跡に、AirTag詳細？Appleの1週間 噂とニュースまとめ・20210329
https://youtu.be/a3E_oPjPZeA

えー！Appleイベント＆新製品は4月説が浮上！iPad ProはThunderboltで4月から生産？AirPods 3は7から9月生産？などのまとめ・2021年3月18日
https://youtu.be/g86h_zVx5EA

先週のまとめ動画
AirPods 3が良さげ！3/23イベント？iPhone 13画面内Touch IDアリ？Appleの噂とニュース１週間まとめ　2021年3月15日
https://youtu.be/cB1AsDZ6IXo

3月にAppleシリコン新型「iMac 」出るのか？一部モデルが購入不可・M1？M1X？24インチ？
https://youtu.be/rFjYI2_XIBg

iPhone 13ノッチ縮小？画面内指紋認証の行方？ARコンタクトレンズ？Appleのニュースと噂1週間まとめ！2021年3月8日
https://youtu.be/2FFNudW4hvE

3月にAppleシリコン新型「iMac 」出るのか？一部モデルが購入不可・M1？M1X？24インチ？
https://youtu.be/rFjYI2_XIBg

MacBook Pro 14”16”は8月9月？SDスロット？iMacアルミ色物？Appleのニュースと噂１週間まとめ・2021年3月1日
https://youtu.be/hrWUh8Pyuug

iPhone 13は常時表示にポートレートビデオ？ここ1週間のAppleのニュースと噂・2021/2/15
https://youtu.be/PhlnoYJE7Us

「iPhone 12 miniがそれほど売れてないらしい」について考える・ちょっと寂しいけど分析
https://youtu.be/mr-001_SK3c

マスク装着時iPhoneをWatchでロック解除！などiPhone/Watchの嬉しいニュースと噂のまとめ 2021/2/03・iOS 14.5Betaや SE Plus/13など10日間
https://youtu.be/6uvvw1WrajY

心電図にiPad mini 6やiPhone画面内指紋認証！Appleの楽しみな噂続出！最近の噂とニュースまとめ・2021/1/22
https://youtu.be/iHCUJLq5zvI

Appleの忘れ物追跡タグ「AirTag」用とされるキーホルダーを入手し妄想満喫！エアタグの足音が聞こえる・いよいよ発売か？
https://youtu.be/CwmsFMrR0QI

2021年今年出そうなApple新製品！噂まとめ・iPad miniにAirTag、miniLED Macなど
https://youtu.be/aZS047foWcc

2020→2021 Appleへの期待・ハズレ製品もツッコミ所あるのも大歓迎！攻めた結果ならApple愛で受け止める
https://youtu.be/sAOtPbhTEEU

2020年Apple製品「買って良かった」ベスト10・1ユーザーとして気に入ったもの
https://youtu.be/p35BpxdT3J8

再生リスト：2021Appleの噂やニュース
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1bNs6yZxdxlWopvosovZ9AM6EEQOkjsw
再生リスト：気になるニュース
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1bNs6yZxdxnZBaYgoQqQgTHnaxGLsmGa
再生リスト：2020年Apple新製品
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1bNs6yZxdxm

撮影機材

・Panasonic Lumix GH5s
・Panasonic Lumix GH5
・Canon Power Shot G7X Mark II
・iPhone 12 Pro（Simフリー）
・iPhone 12 mini（Simフリー）
・iPadPro 11”（Simフリー）
・DJI OSMO Pocket
・Moment iPhone 外付けレンズ＆専用ケース

動画編集
Final Cut Pro X
Adobe Illustrator(スライド)
Adobe Photoshop(スライド）
Adobe Character Animator（アニメーション）
※チャンネル全般で使っているものであって動画によって機材アプリは違います。

#Appleイベント
#新型iPadPro
#新型iMac

2020年2月10日撮影
武蔵小杉駅（むさしこすぎえき）
JR東日本　南武線
1927年（昭和2年）11月1日に南武鉄道線、向河原駅 - 武蔵中原駅間にグラウンド前停留場と武蔵小杉停留場を開業。
現在の武蔵小杉駅の位置にあったのがグラウンド前停留場で、当時の武蔵小杉停留場はその西方の府中街道（国道409号）との交点にあった。
1944年（昭和19年）4月1日に南武鉄道線が国有化されて運輸通信省南武線となる。グラウンド前停留場が駅に昇格、武蔵小杉駅に改称。武蔵小杉停留場廃止。
1945年（昭和20年）6月16日に南武線との交点に東急の武蔵小杉駅が開業。暫定的な駅として作ったため、ホームに屋根のない駅で朝夕に限り定期券を所持している通勤客専用の駅だった。
1959年（昭和34年）12月に国鉄（北口）の駅前広場が整備され、東急バスのターミナルが工業都市（現・東横線小杉駅）から小杉駅前（北口広場）へ移動。
1988年（昭和63年）11月27日に南武線連続立体交差事業に伴い武蔵中原方の下り線を高架に切り替え。
1990年（平成2年）12月20日に南武線連続立体交差事業に伴い武蔵中原方の上り線を高架に切り替え。
2022年（令和4年）3月に南武線にホームドアを設置する予定。
2018年度の1日平均乗車人員は130,752人で、JR東日本管内の駅では船橋駅に次いで第26位、神奈川県内では川崎駅に次ぐ第3位。
Musashi-kosugi Station
JR East Nambu Line
On November 1, 1927, the Nambu Railway Line opened a Gurandomae stop.
On April 1, 1944, the Nambu Railway Line was nationalized and Gurandomae stop was upgraded to a station, renamed Musashikosugi Station.
A platform door will be installed on the Nambu Line in March 2022.
The average number of passengers per day in FY2018 was 130,752, and it is the 26th largest station in the Station of JR East after Funabashi Station.
武藏小杉站
JR東　南部線
1927年11月1日，南部鐵路線在開了站。
1944年4月1日，南部鐵路被國有化，更名為武藏小杉站。
2022年3月，南武線將安裝平台門。
2018財年的日均乘客量為130,752，是繼船橋站之後JR東日本站中第26多站。
武藏小杉站
JR东　南部线
1927年11月1日，南部铁路线在开了站。
1944年4月1日，南部铁路被国有化，更名为武藏小杉站。
2022年3月，南武线将安装平台门。
2018财年的日均乘客量为130,752，是继船桥站之后JR东日本站中第26多站。
무사시 코스기 역
JR 동일본 난부 선
1927 년 11 월 1 일에 난부 철도가 그랜드 앞에 정류장을 개업.
1944 년 4 월 1 일에 난부 철도가 국유화되어 그랜드 앞에 정류장이 역으로 승격 무사시 코스 기역로 개칭.
2022 년 3 월에 난부 선에 플랫폼 도어를 설치할 예정이다.
2018 년도 1 일 평균 승차 인원은 130,752 명으로 JR 동일본 관내 역에서 후나 바시 역에 이어 26 번째로 많다.

2019年12月15日撮影
千歳烏山駅（ちとせからすやまえき）
京王電鉄　京王線
1913年（大正2年）4月15日に京王電気軌道の烏山駅として開業。
1929年（昭和4年）8月7日　千歳烏山駅に改称。
1944年（昭和19年）5月31日　東京急行電鉄（大東急）に併合。同社京王線の駅となる。
1948年（昭和23年）6月1日　東急から京王帝都電鉄が分離。同社の駅となる。
2011年（平成23年）8月　駅改良工事が完成。地下に存在していた改札口を地上階に移動した。
2015年（平成27年）9月25日　ダイヤ改正で準特急が停車するようになる。
2022年（令和4年）頃　笹塚駅～仙川駅間の高架化により、2面4線になる予定。
2018年度の1日平均乗降人員は83,666人。
Chitose-karasuyama Station
Keio Line
Opened on April 15, 1913.
Elevated construction will be completed in FY2022.
The average daily number of passengers in 2018 was 83,666.
千歲烏山站
京王電鐵　京王線
1913年4月15日開業。
高架的建設將在2022財年完成。
2018年的平均每日乘客人數為83,666人。
千岁乌山站
京王电铁　京王线
1913年4月15日开业。
高架的建设将在2022财年完成。
2018年的平均每日乘客人数为83,666人。
지토세 카라스야마 역
게이오 전철 게이오 선
1913 년 4 월 15 일에 개업.
2022 년도에 고가화 공사가 완료 될 예정이다.
2018 년도 1 일 평균 승강 인원은 83,666 명이다.