#Vogue帶你看高訂 Dior男裝設計師Kim Jones 接掌Fendi的第一場高訂，以可穿梭時間跨越性別的< 歐蘭朵>為題材，從服裝到配件到場景都有很深沉的意涵，值得細細品味。
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9 common phrases you didn't know have dark origin stories
九個擁有不為人知黑暗背景的英文片語
Riding shotgun真的跟霰彈槍有關
"Riding shotgun" is the ideal place to ride during on a road trip. But in the Old West, the person sitting in the passenger seat was required to do a whole lot more than find the perfect radio station.
在現代，riding shotgun指的是汽車上路旅行的理想座位，也就是副駕駛座。在從前的美國西部，副駕駛座上的人要做的可不僅僅是調到一個好電臺那麼簡單。
Stagecoach drivers in the Old West needed a person to literally "ride shotgun." The passenger would carry a shotgun in order to scare off robbers who might want to attack them, according to Reader's Digest.
根據美國雜誌《讀者文摘》的文章表示，過去在美國西部趕馬車的人需要有人在旅行途中保護駕駛。副駕駛座上的人要手持霰彈槍來嚇阻想要攻擊馬車的強盜。
Highway robbery真的是搶劫
Most people would agree that paying $10 for your favorite cup of coffee is highway robbery. But the original definition of highway robbery once meant literally robbing travelers on or near the highway. The first known usage of the phrase was in 1611.
多數人會認同一杯可口的咖啡要價10美元（310元新台幣）是highway robbery（敲竹槓）。但是highway robbery原來的意思就是在公路上或公路附近搶劫旅客。這個片語的使用最早出現於1611年。
Painting the town red來自醉鬼的惡行
For you and your crew, "painting the town red" probably means getting glammed up for a fun night of drinks and dancing. However, the phrase originates from a night out that makes dancing on the bar seem tame.
對你和你的朋友們來說，painting the town red的意思是打扮得光鮮亮麗，晚上出去喝酒、跳舞。但是，這個片語原本的意思比在酒吧跳舞還要勁爆多了。
Back in 1837, the Marquis of Waterford went out for a night of drinking with some of his friends, according to Phrases.org. Afterward, the group went through the streets of a small English town destroying property. They broke windows, knocked over flower pots, and damaged door knockers. But things got really crazy when they got their hands on some red paint and literally painted the town red, including doors, a tollgate, and a swan statue.
http://xn--phrases-901ow6v.org/ 網站的記載，1837年，沃特福德侯爵和幾個朋友夜出喝酒，後來他們經過一個英格蘭小鎮的街道時開始搞破壞：砸碎窗戶、打翻花盆、損壞門環。這些酒鬼拿到了一些紅油漆後，局面就開始失控了，酒鬼們把整個城鎮都塗成了紅色，包括門、一道關卡和一座天鵝雕像。
Pulling someone’s leg並不總是在開玩笑
You probably think that pulling someone's leg is all in good fun. After all, what's the harm in a little joke, right? This commonly used phrase that today means playing an innocent joke meant something a lot more sinister years ago.
你大概以為pulling someone's leg（開某人的玩笑）都很好玩。畢竟，開個小玩笑無傷大雅。這個常用片語在今天的意思是開個沒有惡意的玩笑，但多年前的意思卻邪惡得多了。
Thieves in 18th and 19th Century London would drag their victims to the ground by their legs in order to rob them, according to Phrases.org.
http://xn--phrases-901ow6v.org/ 網站的記載，18和19世紀時，倫敦的小偷會拉住受害人的腿將其拖倒在地，然後搶劫財物。
Paying through the nose北歐海盜真的做得出
You won't be happy if you think you're paying through the nose for something. Although you may feel like you're getting ripped off, at least you get to keep your face intact. The roots of this commonly used idiom come from a brutal tactic of The Dane Vikings of slitting someone's nose from tip to eyebrow if the person refused to pay their tax, according to Grammarist.
如果你覺得自己paying through the nose for something（為某件東西花了很多錢），肯定高興不起來。不過，就算被「剝皮」，至少你的臉是完好無損的。根據Grammarist網站記載，這個常用片語來自於北歐海盜的一種殘酷手段，如果有人拒絕交稅，就將此人的鼻子從鼻頭到眉毛間劃開。
如果有人read you the riot act 那你就有大麻煩了
After your parents "read you the riot act" for breaking curfew, you might have been facing a few weeks in your room without a television. But in 18th Century England, being read the Riot Act meant you could be facing time behind bars.
如果你的父母因為你深夜不歸而read you the riot act（責罰你），你可能將面臨幾星期的禁足，還不能看電視。但是在18世紀的英格蘭，being read the Riot Act（宣讀《暴動法案》）代表著你可能要進監獄。
The Riot Act was implemented in 1715 and stated that the British government could consider any group of 12 or more people a threat to public safety and be ordered to break up, according to Atlas Obscura. Anyone refusing to disperse could be arrested or forcibly removed from the premises.
據Atlas Obscura網站記載，1715年實施的《暴動法案》指出，英國政府將會把任何12人以上的團體視為對公共安全的威脅，並勒令其解散。任何拒絕解散的人將被逮捕或強行驅逐。
Letting the cat out of the bag可能是陰險的行為
Today, "letting the cat out of the bag" is used to mean spilling someone's secret. But one of the supposed origins of the phrase was rooted in deceit.
在現代，letting the cat out of the bag指的是洩露某人的秘密。但該片語的原意和欺騙有關。
Supposedly in Medieval times, farmers would go to markets to purchase pigs. Most of the time, their bag would contain the animal they paid for. But if they bought from a shady dealer, they would open their bag to find an unpleasant surprise - their pricey pig had been swapped for a much less expensive cat.
據說，在中世紀時期，農民會到集市去買豬。大多數時候，這些農民付錢後就會拿到裝在麻袋裡的豬。但如果他們是從不良商販那裡買的，農民打開麻袋後會驚愕地發現高價買來的豬居然被偷龍轉鳳成不值錢多的貓。
But as Mental Floss notes, there are quite a few holes with this theory.
不過，Mental Floss網站指出，這一說法漏洞百出。
Baker's dozen是為了查驗麵包師傅的誠信
You may be thankful to count on that 13th roll in your baker's dozen, but you can think a rather sinister rule for its creation.
從麵包師傅那裡買了一打麵包，結果一數有13個，你可能會挺感激的，但是baker's dozen的起源卻和一條殘忍的規定有關。
It all traces back to a 13th-century British rule called the Assize of Bread and Ale. The rule stated that if bakers were caught selling smaller or low-quality bread to customers, they could have their hands chopped off.
這要追溯到13世紀英國一項名為《麵包和麥酒法令》的法規。這條法規規定，如果麵包師傅被發現賣給顧客不足量或劣質的麵包，這些師傅們的雙手就會被剁掉。
That's why it was just easier to throw a 13th piece into the pile — thus creating the baker's dozen.
所以往一打麵包裡多放一個就更保險一些，於是，麵包師傅的一打（baker's dozen）就成了13個。
Meeting a deadline曾經真的是「死線」
When you get that big report to your boss on time, "meeting a deadline" is a good thing. But the phrase was coined during the American Civil War and had some deadly consequences.
如果你準時將重要報告交給領導，meeting a deadline就是好事。但這個片語是在美國南北戰爭期間被發明的，當時可是會招來致命的後果。
The deadline was apparently a line inside of the area where Federal prisoners of war were kept. If a prisoner attempted to cross the line, they would be shot, according to Bloomsbury International.
布魯姆斯伯里國際英語學校稱，很顯然，deadline是聯邦監獄中戰犯關押區內的一條線。如果有犯人試圖越過這條線，他們就會被槍斃。
#高雄人 #學習英文 請找 #多益達人林立英文
#成人英文
#高中英文
#多益家教班
#商用英文
bloomsbury group 在 The Shape of a Narrative Facebook 的最佳解答
去年底寫的這篇遲遲未放上部落格。大概在一年多前我就開始關注這檔展覽，對於展覽概念很有興趣。然而，最後結果並不如預期的好，策展上的失誤導致整體有些失焦，可惜了這五十對藝術鴛鴦精彩的作品。
「現代伴侶：藝術、親密和前衛」一展由倫敦巴比肯藝術中心（Barbican Centre）與巴黎龐畢度藝術中心梅斯分館（Centre Pompidou-Metz ）共同策劃，展覽涵蓋將近五十對愛侶，帶領觀者從繪畫、雕塑、書籍、書信、攝影、文獻等六百多件展品中，探索他們在藝術上的合作以及作為催化劑的親密關係，如何造就現代藝術的璀璨。
除了那幾對舉世聞名的藝術圈愛侶，我個人較喜歡「布倫斯博理文團」（Bloomsbury Group）、PaJaMa、克勞德‧卡恩（Claude Cahum） 與馬歇爾‧摩爾（Marcel Moore），他們的愛情羈絆和創作動搖「伴侶」一詞的傳統定義，呈現他們在大時代變動下，對藝術、婚姻與伴侶關係的解放。
卡恩與摩爾的故事講述了展覽想說的一切。她倆相伴一生，在半姐妹與半戀人的身份下打破社會禁忌，作品皆是她們對政治身份、性別意識以及自我認同的探索。她們雖與超現實主義團體有來往，卻從未真正身在其中，強烈拒絕成為男性主導論述的一部份。二次大戰期間，卡恩與摩爾透過藝術反抗法西斯主義，因而雙雙被捕入獄，最後雖死裡逃生，卻也因此嚴重影響了健康。1954年，卡恩在法國去世，摩爾活到80歲，以自裁離開人世。兩人共同被葬在她們居住的澤西島，墓碑上銘刻：「猶太人 、自由思想的知識分子、同性伴侶、現代藝術家、現代女性。」，標誌這對現代伴侶畢生對藝術、政治、自由的追求，以及她們生同衾，死同穴的愛情。
本文刊載於《藝術家》雜誌523期，2018年12月號。
＃現代伴侶 ＃展覽評論 ＃moderncouples
題外，泰德美術館今年將推出Dorothea Tanning和Dora Maar回顧展，這很令人期待！
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