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🌲亞馬遜雨林與我們🌲
亞馬遜雨林大火的新聞
完全在中美貿易戰下隱沒😰
直到燃燒3週後新聞披露後
才震驚了全世界
重新重視這個比政治角力還重要的環境問題
📌About Amazon:
#亞馬遜Amazon是全世界最大的雨林
佔地550萬平方公里
範圍遍及八個國家
雨林製造出來的氧氣占了地球所需的20%
因此有 #地球之肺之稱
📌雨林為何會起火?
根據美國太空總署指出
雨林因為環境潮濕
相對來說不易發生火災
但7-10月是南美洲的乾季
氣候變異全球暖化
加上農民和牧場主人習慣使用大火清理土地備用
巴西政府也從未明令禁止
也是亞馬遜頻頻起火的主因
📌面對攸關全人類的生態環境浩劫
我們能和孩子分享什麼?
#真正的認識比人云亦云更重要
#唯有了解全面知識才能宏觀以對
今年四月復活節前夕
我們走了一趟澳洲
出國前和雙娜一起看了
#神奇樹屋20搶救無尾熊的故事
書中提到許多大家耳熟能詳的澳洲代表動物:無尾熊、鴯鶓、袋鼠
也介紹了會發出笑聲的「笑翠鳥」
最幸運的是我們在旅程中
不僅住在袋鼠牧場旁的旅館
盡情觀賞袋鼠優雅跳躍的姿態
也近距離看到笑翠鳥本尊
真的超級幸運👍👍👍
《搶救無尾熊》這本書設定的情境正巧是澳洲森林大火
於是在旅途時
我們特別注意森林的樹幹是否曾有森林大火留下來的記號:焦黑的樹幹
果不其然在林間漫步時發現為數不少wildfires 的蹤跡
興奮的我們一直拍照留下書中文字的現實照
當時正是澳洲秋天之際
但燠熱乾燥的風一吹來
我們也相當擔心林間突然來場森林大火
這樣可就糟了
幸好我們很幸運
沒有經歷神奇樹屋的彩虹雨那段😜
默默關心了幾天有關亞馬遜雨林大火後
我想應該讓孩子了解wildfires 是什麼
於是除了重拾《神奇樹屋:搶救無尾熊》和照片外
我們還一起共讀 #national geographic kids系列的 #wildfires
非常喜歡國家地理推出針對孩童所看的科普人文系列
圖大精美、中立書寫第一線觀察得知的資訊
讓閱讀時如臨現場
也能忠實傳遞資訊知識
沒有太多的正反評語
留待讀者自行評判
接下來就和大家分享本次共讀心得
#引發森林大火的原因:
1️⃣閃電
2️⃣火山暴發
3️⃣人類有意或無意焚燒
4️⃣乾燥高溫的風助燃
#Fire triangle:
1️⃣heat:starts a fire and keeps it going.
2️⃣fuel:gives a fire the energy it needs to keep burning.
3️⃣oxygen:for fuel to burn,it must react with oxygen in the air.
#森林大火的三種型態
1️⃣ground fire
2️⃣surface fire
3️⃣crown fire
#動物如何逃生
1️⃣small animals burrow underground.
2️⃣Others hide under rocks or in nearby logs.
3️⃣Many run or fly to safety.
#森林火災的益處與必須性
1️⃣After a fire,sunlight can shine on the forest floor,allowing new plants to grow.
2️⃣Wildfires help forests by burning dead leaves and plants and ashes add nutrients to the soil.
3️⃣Fires can remove sick plants and insects that kill trees.
4️⃣Heat can melt the waxy coating on the tree's comes.
After the fire,new trees can sprout in the soil.
#如何滅火?
根據fire triangle的理論
杜絕其中一樣即可滅火
1️⃣#heat:Planes drop thousands of gallons of water on a fire at a time.
2️⃣#fuel:firefighters clear away brush and dig a long ditch to create a fire line.
#After the fire🔥
1️⃣植物:因陽光照射、灰燼成泥土養分使植物得以迅速成長
2️⃣動物:因植物成長,重返森林建立家園
#如何防止因人為不當而引發森林大火?
1️⃣Do not start campfires during dry spells.
2️⃣Build campfires only in fire pits.
3️⃣Do not build a campfire without the help of an adult.
4️⃣Never leave a campfire unattended.
5️⃣Put out a campfire completely before leaving or going to sleep.
6️⃣Call 911if you notice a fire that is out of control or unattended.
#雖然森林大火對自然生態是必須的
#但超過八成以上的森林大火來自人為
👉Smokey bear給人類的敬告:
#Only you can prevent wildfires.
📌看完《Wildfires》後
帶孩子回頭看《神奇樹屋:搶救無尾熊》尋找線索:
#Fire triangle:
1️⃣heat:灼熱刺眼的陽光
2️⃣oxygen:乾燥的空氣
3️⃣fuel:灌木叢和枯瘦的樹林
#如何滅火?
#heat:Planes drop thousands of gallons of water on a fire at a time.
樹屋:大雨澆熄了森林大火
傑克回頭看著樹林
霧茫茫的蒸氣從燒焦的地面和燃燒的灌木叢升起
#讓孩子練習從文本找關鍵線索
#確立對文本重點與脈絡的掌握
#珍惜雨林不是口號
#而是全面性了解認識
#4y5m共讀
同時也有10000部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過2,910的網紅コバにゃんチャンネル,也在其Youtube影片中提到,...
build a bear 中文 在 旅行熱炒店Podcast Facebook 的最讚貼文
柏柏爾人與撒哈拉 Berbers and the Sahara
(This post is bilingual. Please scroll to the bottom for English version.)
(昨天在沙漠裡過夜無法發文,今天加倍奉還文章較長敬請見諒。 Wasn't able to post in the desert last night. This one is therefore longer -- please bear with the lengthiness :D)
1. 柏柏爾人
撒哈拉行程第二天一早,帶我們參觀柏柏爾村莊的當地響導請我們一行人站在田埂上,和我們分享著他們族群的生活。
「我們每個人看起來都一樣,只有帽子的顏色不一樣。阿拉伯人、柏柏爾人、猶太人……住在一起都沒有問題。因為我們所有人都有同樣的爸爸和媽媽。」
說到這裡他停頓了幾秒看我們的反應。歐洲人的眼神看起來是領會到什麼了,其他人則有點茫然。
「亞當和夏娃。」他補上了這句。令我印象深刻的是他並沒有用英文裡Adam和Eve的發音,反而相當接近中文翻譯的「亞當」和「夏娃」兩個字。
嚮導帶著我們穿過田埂和水圳,告訴我們不同作物的季節和用途、哪個是橄欖樹哪個是杏仁樹、當地人如何只交換不交易等等。接著來到一個土造的傳統建築裡,在裡面向我們介紹他們手工地毯的文化,向我們解釋流程及困難之處,也告訴我們這些地毯都是沒有設計圖的,樣式全靠家族中的婦女傳承各家的專屬樣式。不出所料,下一步就是鼓勵我們買東西,還說他們現在提供DHL送貨到府。雖然是推銷,看在他那麼誠懇的份上我們也沒什麼抱怨(雖然也沒有人買啦)。
最後我們走過河上的木板橋,河邊正好有幾個婦女在洗衣,嚮導就順道提起:「柏柏爾人的女性力氣都很大,因此有時候男人蠻辛苦的……。」我馬上察覺到他在開玩笑,於是便反問他:「所以請問您有這樣的困擾嗎?XD」
他笑了笑之後說:「我太太嘛,生氣的時候真的很……(做出頭腦爆炸的手勢);不過還好,他通常燒的都是綠色的火,不是紅色的火,兩天之後整個人又開開心心的了。」說完他馬上問我:「所以你的太太如何?」接下來過了一秒鐘,我還來不及接話,他隨即補上:「你沒有太太。來,下一位!」(我心想,哇,你這嚮導婊人的功力果然還是魔高一丈呀!XD)
2. 撒哈拉
前段故事埋了個跟撒哈拉有關的哏,不知道各位有發現嗎?
沒錯,就是村裡的作物「橄欖樹」,同時也是三毛作詞、李泰祥作曲、齊豫原唱的歌曲名,連同三毛女士的作品,是使許多華人嚮往撒哈拉的啟蒙作品,按我同團的兩個中國女生也提到這件事(他們受友人之託要把撒哈拉的沙帶回去)。「不要問我從哪裡來,我的故鄉在遠方」的歌詞,配上李大師刻意營造不規則感的旋律,也曾經讓我對於這首歌的意境嚮往;當天下午四點,我們終於一睹撒哈拉的廬山真面目。車子在基地營把我們放下,接下來得騎一個半小時的駱駝到達沙漠中的營地,在那邊吃飯過夜之後隔天返回。
那晚,我們這些觀光客們圍在營火旁邊,當地嚮導們拿出了各種大大小小的鼓,叫我們自己先玩玩。我對於一開始大家不夠high這件事看不過去,於是就自己開始憑感覺亂敲亂唱,用固定但帶一點變化的鼓點配上五聲音階的即興旋律,後來當地嚮導竟然請我和他們一起演奏、吟唱他們的傳統音樂(我只好繼續用萬用和弦與結奏矇混過去,哈哈)。最後所有人都手舞足蹈完,大家也終於放開了,在星空下圍著逐漸黯淡的營火聊著彼此的故事。
隔天早上天還未亮就得拔營起行,原本應該是「夜色茫茫、星月無光」的(欸這是不是有幫某人助選嫌疑啊?XD),結果碰上大滿月,沙丘的輪廓一清二楚,連我們騎在駱駝上的影子都清晰可見,沉睡在黝黑中的沙漠其實很美,只不過氣溫是要命的冷,冷到讓人對撒哈拉完全失去興趣,只想回基地營吃熱騰騰的早餐;一直到接近基地營時,嚮導帶我們來到一座沙丘頂端看日出。這時天色已經不是魚肚白,沙丘也從全黑慢慢被調成土灰色;突然,太陽從地平線上出來了!
只見眼前無數的沙丘從頂部開始被一一打亮,接著整片沙漠像是前晚點燃木炭一般,從灰暗中緩緩轉成溫潤的黃褐色,不見烈焰飛騰,卻像是被陽光烘烤到燒了起來一樣。事後回想此情此景,我突然理解某首台灣國語流行歌詞表達的意境了:
「我的熱情(啊!),好像一盆火,燃燒了著整個沙漠。」
(結果這篇文章莫名其妙的用了一大堆國語歌曲哏,不知道自己在寫什麼,大概是腦袋被撒哈拉的太陽給燒壞了,哈哈。)
1. The Berbers
"We are all the same. Only our hats are different. Berbers, Arabs, Jews... we have no problem living together, because we all have the same father and mother..."
It was the second day of the Sahara tour, and this was said by our Berber guide. The Europeans in our group seemed to get something, while the other remained intact. Then the guide continued: "Adam and Eve." (Interestingly, his pronunciation of the names were very different from English, which I guess were probably Arabic or Hebrew.)
The guide led us through the fields into his village, showed us olive trees and almond trees, and told us how they exchange instead of purchase them. Afterwards we were led into a mud-made residence, where he introduced how traditional carpets are made, and how women passed down family-specific patterns down without any draft. At the end, unsurprisingly, he encouraged us to buy. While one of us bought anything, everyone seemed to be comfortable with that, as he had been passionately showing us his culture.
Finally, we crossed a river while some women were washing clothes. He said, "the Berber women have a lot of strength, and sometimes it can be hard..." Understanding his humor, I jokingly asked, "so, do you have this problem?" He laughed, "Well, when my wife is angry she is... (showing head explosion with gestures); but she usually has green fire, not red fire. After two days she is happy again..." Then he turned to me, "how is your wife?" Not waiting for me to respond, he contiuned, "you don't have a wife. (Indifferent and turning to the next guy,) so how is your wife? ..."
(I have to say he is indeed a very professional tour guide, who even knows how to play back on visitors' jokes.)
2. The Sahara
Many Mandarin speakers became interested in the Sahara because of the literature and a pop song "Olive Tree" of San-Mao, a Taiwanese writer who moved to the the Sahara with her husband in 1970s. The irregular, mysterious melody of the song also helped build my impression about the Sahara. Decades later, I finally arrived at the desert's margin around 4pm. Our trip began at the base camp, and we spent the night in the dessert after 1.5 hours of camel ride.
That night, we gathered around a campfire, and the local guides gave us some traditional drums to play. As an icebreaker, I started making regular beats with some random 5-node scale singing. The local guides were excited and invited me to join their playing and singing. Finally, after some singing and dancing, the group got relaxed, and people exchanged their stories around the dimming campfire.
The next morning, we headed back in the darkness -- well, not completely. It was close to the full moon, and the ride therefore came with very pleasant and tranquil desert view. However, feeling frozen in the temperature, all we wanted was to escape from the desert. Finally, we were led to the top of a sand dune to watch the sunrise. At then, the desert already turned from black to brown-gray. All of a sudden, the sun came up from the horizon. Gradually, the entire desert was "toasted" like charcoal, injected with very warm and amicable soil yellow color. The desert was ignited!
I can't think of any better way to end our time in the Sahara.