關於 canadian north ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

#HannahEdChuyenduhoc 2 MẶT CUỘC SỐNG Ở CANADA
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Ai trong chúng ta cũng hiểu rằng không có xã hội nào hoàn hảo và toàn màu hồng, song song phúc lợi luôn tiềm ẩn nhiều vấn đề bất cập của nó. Các bạn muốn làm giàu thì ở Việt Nam vì mọi thứ đều flexible, còn nếu bạn mưu cầu một cuộc sống ổn định cho cả gia đình, vừa đủ và không phải lo rày đây mai đó, ôm cái sổ hồng căn nhà tưởng chắc mẩm rồi ai dè bị quy hoạch thành ra lao đao thì hãy tìm đường qua Canada sống cho nhẹ đầu. Với hệ thống thu thuế và chi phí sinh hoạt cao ngất, sống ở Canada sẽ không quá giàu có, chỉ lủi thủi đi làm tuần 5 bữa rồi nghỉ cuối tuần chơi với gia đình và đi ăn hàng với bạn bè, lễ lộc dài ngày thì đi du lịch, được cái an tâm vì mọi thứ đều quy hoạch và thông tin rõ ràng thôi.

Nếu trước khi quyết định phóng lao theo con đường định cư mà không tìm hiểu gì cả e rằng bạn sẽ như người đi trên mặt hồ băng, không biết khi nào thì lọt lỗ. Vậy Canada có những mặt lợi và hại gì?

- Giáo dục :
Trẻ em ( dù là Canadian, con của PR, hay con của du học sinh ) sẽ đều được học miễn phí từ 4 tuổi đến 18 tuổi. Một số bạn đi học và làm không đúng trường và nghề do CIC quy định thì con sẽ không được miễn phí khi học, các bạn nên kiểm tra đối chứng thông tin kỹ. Mình đồ rằng quá bán những người quyết định đi di cư vì lý do này : cho con cái một nền giáo dục tốt và nhân văn hơn, đỡ áp lực hơn, để con trẻ sống vui khỏe đúng với tuổi thơ hơn là chạy đua thành tích, so đo hơn thua với con người ta và nhiễm thói đố kỵ. Nếu nhà bạn có điều kiện cho con học Trường Canadian International School ( CIS ) ở Việt Nam suốt từ 4 tuổi đến 18 tuổi sẽ ngốn khoản học phí gần 6 tỏi tương đương 330,000đòngCa ( google là ra bảng học phí CIS ). Nếu 2 đứa con thì nhân đôi lên thành 630,000 ( học phí đã giảm 5% cho con thứ 2 và 10% cho con thứ 3 cùng học ), 3 đứa đi học là gần 1tiệu-đô-la-Canada rồi nhé 😊. Không những chỉ là kiến thức, mà con cái bạn còn học cách sống suy nghĩ và hành xử ở một môi trường văn minh tiên tiến bậc nhất thế giới. Vậy thì nếu ở Việt Nam mà lèng xèng chỉ làm được dăm ba chục tiệu một tháng, nghĩ cho tương lai của con ( và cả bạn ) thì kiếm đường đi cho rồi chứ tiếc nuối làm gì. Khi bọn nhỏ hơn 18 tuổi học lên College và University thì mình cũng…khỏi phải lo luôn. Nhà nước cho nó mượn tiền học xong ra trường đi làm tự tụi nó trả từ từ cho nhà nước. Tuy nhiên, cái bất lợi khi nuôi trẻ ở Canada là tốn kém khoản gửi Daycare ( cho trẻ dưới 4 tuổi ) và before & after school ( trường ở Canada học từ 8h30 đến 3h chiều mà cha mẹ thì đi làm từ 8h sáng đến 5h chiều ) ngốn khoảng 1200 mỗi đứa, gửi đứa thứ 2 chung thì chỉ extra thêm 300 thôi. Chính phủ có cho tiền hỗ trợ cha mẹ khoảng 500 một đứa con mỗi tháng tùy family income cao hay thấp, khoản này bạn có thể dùng để trả chi phí daycare hoặc/và cho tụi nhỏ học ngoại khóa như võ, vẽ, nhạc, bơi lội thể thao gì đấy. Một số trường dạy võ và dạy chơi bóng rổ có nhận before & after school.

- Y tế :
Bảo hiểm y tế ở Canada miễn phí cho mọi người và cấp cứu 24/7, trừ khám chữa răng và mắt. Nếu chưa có thẻ bảo hiểm của tỉnh bang ( cho PR & Citizen, cho foreign worker những người có work permit và có job ) thì phải mua bảo hiểm tư nhân khoảng 700~1,000/năm. Sống ở Canada cái gì cũng nên mua bảo hiểm để tránh rủi ro cho bản thân. Nhỡ xui vào nằm viện vài ngày là đi đứt 5,000 như thổi. Một điểm tối của y tế Canada là vì miễn phí, nên thời gian xử lý đều lâu dù là chỉ chụp MRI hay trị dị ứng. Nhất là bệnh liên quan đến Specialist, bạn đều phải gặp Family Doctor để lấy giấy giới thiệu và chỉ định. Điểm này y tế ở Việt Nam có ưu điểm hơn vì cứ có tiền chi trả vào bệnh viện quốc tế là sẽ được xử lý nhanh dù mọi thứ có hơi quá tải do người bệnh đông.

- Văn hóa và Xã hội :
Canada là một nước đa văn hóa, dân tứ xứ từ mọi miền thế giới đều sống ở đây, nghĩa là không thể tránh khỏi có sự kỳ thị. Nhưng mình trải nghiệm sống 5 năm ở Canada thì thấy cộng đồng nào cũng có người tốt kẻ xấu. Nhìn chung người dân ở Canada rất tốt và giúp đỡ nhau tận tình. Họ tôn trọng sự khác biệt và cũng không đánh giá hay định kiến các trường hợp : ly dị, có con riêng, 2 hay 3 đời chồng/vợ, xăm mình, sở thích lạ…blah blah blah, sống ở đây bạn có cơ hội được là chính mình mà chả ai đánh giá bạn, ngay cả với boss.

- An ninh :
Đi đâu làm gì cũng an tâm vì có chuyện gì gọi 911 thì vài phút sau 3 anh hùng : cảnh sát – cứu hỏa – cứu thương sẽ chạy đến hỗ trợ mình. Các vấn đề tiêu cực ở Việt Nam thì hầu như ai sống qua cũng đều biết mình không đề cập nữa, sống ở Canada thì không sợ bị giựt điện thoại ( lâu lâu có vài vụ xảy ra ở North York nhưng không phải là chuyện xảy ra hàng ngày, như mình nói ở trên people this people that các bạn nên lựa community trước khi thuê nhà sống sẽ tốt hơn ), nhỡ có rớt hay để quên bóp ví điện thoại thì khả năng được trả lại cực kỳ cao. Chị bạn mình đi chơi ở Montreal rớt cái iphone mà họ nhặt được và ráng liên lạc để gửi về Toronto cho mình, còn bạn mình thì để quên ví tiền và giỏ xách vài lần ở restaurant, quay lại vẫn còn. Dân ở đây đa phần không tham và lừa lọc, đồ để ngoài hiên nhà không khi nào mất ( tương tự vụ giựt điện thoại, vài location có community không tốt thì mấy thùng đồ Amazon gửi về để trước cửa có thể bị lấy, tỉ lệ không nhiều ).

- Thuế và chi phí :
Thuế thu nhập ở Canada khá cao, làm hay mua cái gì cũng phải trả thuế, vừa trả thuế liên bang vừa trả thuế tỉnh bang, nhưng bù lại phúc lợi xã hội như mình đã kể ở trên thì quá xứng đáng cho việc đóng thuế. Ở nhiều nơi cày còng lưng ra đóng thuế nhưng phúc lợi thì chả có gì. Chi phí sinh hoạt cho gia đình 2 vợ chồng 2 đứa con rơi vào khoảng 3,500~4,000/tháng ( mình đã viết về vấn đề này khá chi tiết trong các bài trước các bạn tìm đọc lại ). Ngay cả phí bảo hiểm xe cũng cực cao, trung bình 3,000~5,000/năm trong khi bảo hiểm xe auto ở Việt Nam mình chỉ khoảng 10~20 tiệu tương đương 1,000/năm. Bù lại giá xe ở Canada rẻ không bị đánh thuế gần 300% hehe Acura MDX 2020 giá $70,000 tương đương 1,2 tỏi đồng thì về Việt Nam thành 4,5 tỏi.

- Công việc và Cuộc sống :
Cuộc sống ở Canada tương đối nhàn và thoải mái. Với thu nhập của một người siêng làm dù bất kỳ ngành nghề nào thì trong vòng 2~3 năm là mua được một chiếc xe hơi đời mới 2018 – món tài sản mà ở Việt Nam là ao ước của đại đa số người và chỉ có dân thu nhập khá mới sắm được. Công việc ở Canada cũng không bị áp lực định kiến xã hội, họ không quan tâm tới tuổi hay có gia đình chưa, họ chỉ cần người có năng lực làm. Làm nghề nào cũng đều tốt, đều quý và giúp ích cho xã hội bằng việc đóng thuế. Làm phục vụ ở Việt Nam nhiều khi bị khinh chứ ở đây họ - Canadians cho rằng “you help other people have a great time, you do a meaningful job”, thu nhập (salary + tip) của các bạn server trong các nhà hàng tây từ 3,000~5,000/tháng. Dĩ nhiên ở đâu cũng có những chỗ chủ tốt chủ tồi. English vẫn là success key, mình sẽ nói kỹ hơn vào kỳ tới về vấn đề chọn ngành học sao cho cân bằng giữa lấy được PR và phù hợp với bản thân.

- Thời tiết, môi trường và thực phẩm :
Canada mang khí hậu 4 mùa thay đổi rõ rệt xuân hạ thu đông, nên các bạn sẽ cảm thấy một năm qua rất nhanh. Khí hậu chỉ khắc nghiệt ở một số nơi nên sẽ không như mọi người tưởng tượng mùa đông quá ghê ghớm. Các bạn cứ mặc nhiều lớp áo và trang bị áo winter jacket xịn hàng từ The North Face Gotham 300đòng trở lên là bao ấm, người ta sống được mình sống được, không có gì trở ngại cho vấn đề thời tiết và mùa đông chỉ lạnh từ cuối tháng 11 đến tháng 3 ở Toronto, tháng 4&5 Xuân và 9&10 Thu thì mát mát lạnh như Đà Lạt, còn tháng 678 thì cũng nóng 32~35 độ chảy mỡ không khác gì ở Việt Nam. Không khí ở Canada cực kỳ trong lành và nhiều cảnh quan thiên nhiên đẹp. Thực phẩm và nguồn nước được kiểm duyệt an toàn, môi trường xanh sạch đẹp đi đâu cũng thấy cây hoa lá mát cả mắt, xanh cả tâm hồn.

- Giao thông và Cơ sở hạ tầng :
Giao thông ở Canada rất trật tự và mọi người tuân thủ luật lệ giao thông. Dù kẹt xe cũng không ồn ào bát nháo lao nhao, đặc biệt hầu như không sử dụng kèn/còi xe. Đường xá rộng rãi thoáng mát, dĩ nhiên các thành phố lớn như Toronto thì không thể tránh khỏi tình trạng kẹt xe vào giờ cao điểm đặc biệt là ở khu trung tâm thành phố và trên các highways như 401 hay 410 và 403, QEW & DVP. Hệ thống phương tiện công cộng rất phát triển và nếu đi làm ở Downtown thì chắc không cần phải sử dụng xe hơi riêng. Thủ tục hành chính đơn giản nhanh chóng không rườm rà rắc rối, chỉ cần bản photocopy là được không phải công chứng lung tung lúc ở phường lúc ở quận.

Trên đây là khái quát sơ một vài khía cạnh chính, mình không thể nào kể ra chi tiết tường tận vì thời gian hạn hẹp. Mức độ cảm nhận về cuộc sống mỗi người mỗi khác, mình là một người positive thinker nên mình nhìn nhận mọi thứ easygoing, sẽ khác quan điểm với những người cùng trải nghiệm. Như mình đề cập đầu bài, không nơi nào trên thế giới là hoàn hảo, quan trọng bạn chọn nhìn vào mặt nào của xã hội để mà sống tốt 🥰

(C): Phi Le
P.S: Năm rồi lớp học bổng HannahEd của chúng mình cũng có 1 chị được ngành Data Science Thạc sỹ ở Can, 1 bạn được ngành HR Tiến sỹ ở Ca học bổng cao lắm luôn á cả hà.
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“Great Maple Syrup Heist” การโจรกรรมใหญ่สุด ในประเทศแคนาดา /โดย ลงทุนแมน
เมื่อประมาณ 10 ปีที่แล้ว ได้เกิดเหตุการณ์ประหลาดขึ้นที่ประเทศแคนาดา
เมื่อมีเจ้าหน้าที่ตำรวจได้รับแจ้งว่ามีการโจรกรรมครั้งใหญ่

อย่างไรก็ตาม สิ่งที่ถูกขโมยกลับไม่ใช่เพชร, ทอง หรืออัญมณี แต่กลับเป็นน้ำเชื่อมเมเปิล

เหตุการณ์ดังกล่าว ถูกเรียกว่า “Great Maple Syrup Heist” หรือ การโจรกรรมน้ำเชื่อมเมเปิล ที่สร้างมูลค่าความเสียหายราว 500 ล้านบาท ซึ่งถือเป็นการโจรกรรมที่ใหญ่ที่สุดในประเทศแคนาดา

นอกจากเรื่องราวของการโจรกรรมแล้ว เหตุการณ์ครั้งนี้ยังเกี่ยวโยงถึงการต่อสู้ทางความเชื่อในเรื่องระบบทุนนิยมอีกด้วย

แล้วเหตุการณ์โจรกรรมที่ว่านี้ มีจุดเริ่มต้นมาจากอะไร ?
ลงทุนแมนจะเล่าให้ฟัง
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ในสมัยก่อนอุตสาหกรรมน้ำเชื่อมเมเปิล ซึ่งมีฐานการผลิตส่วนใหญ่อยู่ที่ประเทศแคนาดา อยู่ในภาวะซบเซา

เหตุผลเพราะว่าผู้ผลิตแต่ละรายในอุตสาหกรรม มักผลิตน้ำเชื่อมตามกำลังของตนโดยไม่ได้คำนึงถึงความต้องการของตลาด

สิ่งที่เกิดขึ้นตามมาก็คือ ผลผลิตล้นตลาดจนทำให้ผู้ประกอบการต้องปรับลดราคาลง เพื่อรักษาความสามารถในการแข่งขันให้อยู่รอดได้ในอุตสาหกรรม

แต่ด้วยสภาพแวดล้อมที่มีการแข่งขันกันสูง ผู้ประกอบการหลายรายจึงต้องเลิกกิจการไป
ในขณะที่ผู้อยู่รอดก็ไม่สามารถสร้างกำไรอย่างยั่งยืนในระยะยาว

พอเรื่องเป็นแบบนี้ เหล่าเจ้าของธุรกิจน้ำเชื่อมจึงเริ่มหาข้อตกลงร่วมกันผ่าน “สมาพันธ์ผู้ผลิตน้ำเชื่อมเมเปิล” หรือที่เรียกกันว่า FPAQ เพื่อลดการแข่งขัน และรักษาอุตสาหกรรมน้ำเชื่อมเมเปิล

โดยหน้าที่หลักของสมาพันธ์จะมีลักษณะคล้ายกับ OPEC หรือกลุ่มประเทศผู้ส่งออกน้ำมัน คือทำหน้าที่ในการกำหนดโควตาว่าผู้ผลิตแต่ละรายสามารถผลิตน้ำเชื่อมจำนวนปริมาณเท่าใดในแต่ละฤดูกาล

ปีไหนที่มีผลผลิตสูง น้ำเชื่อมจะถูกโอนถ่ายไปเก็บไว้ในคลังสำรองฉุกเฉิน
ปีไหนมีผลผลิตที่ต่ำ น้ำเชื่อมที่ถูกเก็บก็จะถูกปล่อยสู่ตลาด

ทั้งหมดนี้มีจุดประสงค์เพื่อต้องการรักษาราคาให้มีความเสถียรภาพ

ด้วยเหตุนี้จึงทำให้อุตสาหกรรมน้ำเชื่อมเมเปิลกลับมาเติบโตได้อีกครั้ง เพราะสามารถควบคุมราคาได้ โดยรัฐควิเบกในประเทศแคนาดา ถือเป็นแหล่งที่ผลิตสัดส่วนสูงที่สุด ซึ่งมากถึง 75% ของปริมาณยอดขายน้ำเชื่อมเมเปิลทั้งหมดบนโลก

แต่ดูเหมือนว่ามันจะไม่ได้เป็นแบบนั้น..

หลังจากที่ FPAQ เริ่มใช้กฎและข้อบังคับแก่ผู้ผลิตน้ำเชื่อมเมเปิลที่อยู่ในรัฐควิเบก
โดยการห้ามค้าขายแก่ลูกค้าโดยตรง และไม่สามารถผลิตน้ำเชื่อมเกินโควตาที่กำหนด

สิ่งที่ตามมาด้วยก็คือ กฎเกณฑ์บทลงโทษสำหรับผู้ที่ฝ่าฝืน
ซึ่งบางรายอาจโดนปรับเงินเป็นจำนวนสูงถึง 10 ล้านบาท

ด้วยอิสระที่ถูกจำกัดและบทลงโทษที่รุนแรง
จึงทำให้ผู้ผลิตบางรายเริ่มไม่พอใจและหันไปขายสินค้าในตลาดมืดแทน

หลังจากนั้น เหตุการณ์ที่กล่าวข้างต้นก็ได้เกิดซ้ำแล้วซ้ำเล่า
จนในที่สุด ความไม่ลงรอยกันก็ได้นำไปสู่การต่อสู้ทางความเชื่อของผู้ประกอบการทั้ง 2 ฝั่งคือ กลุ่มที่ต้องการเปิดตลาดเสรี และกลุ่มสมาพันธ์ผู้ผลิตน้ำเชื่อมเมเปิลที่ต้องการควบคุมตลาด

สุดท้าย เหตุการณ์โจรกรรมครั้งใหญ่สุดในแคนาดาก็เกิดขึ้น..

ในปี 2012 เมื่อทางสมาพันธ์ FPAQ เข้ามาเช่าโกดังสินค้า
ของคุณ Avik Caron เพื่อใช้เป็นที่สำรองเก็บถังน้ำเชื่อมเมเปิล

เจ้าของคลังสินค้าคนนี้ ก็ได้เห็นช่องว่างในการทำทุจริต
โดยวิธีการคือ การถ่ายโอนน้ำเชื่อม ไปสู่ถังบรรจุอื่น
ส่วนถังบรรจุน้ำเชื่อมเดิมจะถูกแทนที่ไปด้วยน้ำเปล่า

เมื่อคุณ Avik คิดแผนได้สำเร็จจึงติดต่อไปยังอีก 2 คน

คนแรกคือ คุณ Richard Vallières เป็นพ่อค้าตลาดมืด
คนถัดมาคือ คุณ Étienne St-Pierre ผู้ส่งออกน้ำเชื่อมเมเปิล ที่ไม่เห็นด้วยกับสมาพันธ์

ซึ่งทั้ง 2 คนนี้เป็นผู้ที่อยู่ฝ่ายที่ต้องการให้เกิดตลาดเสรี สำหรับอุตสาหกรรมน้ำเชื่อมมาโดยตลอด
และมักจะโดนจับตามองจากสมาพันธ์ FPAQ เป็นประจำ

เมื่อมีข้อเสนอจากเจ้าของคลังสินค้า ที่มีลูกค้าเป็นสมาพันธ์อยู่ในมือ
ทั้ง 2 คน จึงให้ความร่วมมือโดยไม่ลังเล

โดยหน้าที่ของคุณ Richard คือ การจัดหาลูกค้ามารับซื้อสินค้า
ในขณะที่คุณ Étienne ทำหน้าที่ในการส่งออกไปสู่ประเทศต่าง ๆ เช่น สหรัฐอเมริกาและยุโรป

สุดท้ายแผนการโจรกรรมก็ประสบความสำเร็จ
โดยผู้สมรู้ร่วมคิดทั้ง 3 คน สามารถขโมยน้ำเชื่อมเป็นจำนวนถึง 2,700 ตัน
คิดเป็นมูลค่าประมาณ 500 ล้านบาท นับว่าเป็นการสร้างความเสียหายแก่ FPAQ อย่างมหาศาล
และถือเป็นการโจรกรรม ที่มีมูลค่าความเสียหายมากที่สุดในประเทศแคนาดา

อย่างไรก็ตาม การโจรกรรมดังกล่าวก็ได้ปิดฉากลง
เมื่อพนักงานของ FPAQ เริ่มสังเกตเห็นว่าถังที่บรรจุน้ำเปล่ามีสนิมเกาะ

เนื่องจากปกติถังที่บรรจุน้ำเชื่อมจะไม่เกิดสนิม
เพราะน้ำเชื่อมไม่มีคุณสมบัติในการสร้างไอน้ำ ซึ่งเป็นตัวที่ก่อให้เกิดสนิม
ในที่สุด ข้อสังเกตดังกล่าวก็ได้นำไปสู่การจับกุมผู้ทุจริตทั้ง 3 คน..

ปัจจุบัน สมาพันธ์ที่คอยควบคุมกลไกราคาของน้ำเชื่อมเมเปิล
ก็ยังคงดำเนินการอยู่ และได้เปลี่ยนชื่อไปเป็น PPAQ

ตลอดระยะเวลาที่ผ่านมา
ก็ยังคงมีกลุ่มผู้ที่ไม่เห็นด้วยกับการเข้ามาแทรกแซงตลาดของสมาพันธ์
และเรียกร้องให้เกิดการกลับมาดำเนินธุรกิจ และแข่งขันกันอย่างเสรี
ซึ่งถึงตรงนี้ เราก็ยังไม่รู้ว่าแบบไหนจะดีกว่ากัน..

ที่เล่ามาทั้งหมด มันเกี่ยวกับเราอย่างไร ?
จริง ๆ แล้ว ประเทศไทย เป็นหนึ่งในประเทศผู้ผลิตทรัพยากร เช่น ข้าวและยาง ที่ครองส่วนแบ่งการตลาดไม่แพ้ชาติใดในโลก

แต่ปัจจุบัน ราคาข้าวและยางยังเป็นไปตามกลไกตลาดโลกอยู่ เหมือนกับเรื่องน้ำเชื่อมเมเปิลในสมัยก่อน

เรื่องนี้ก็น่าคิดต่อว่า
หากผู้ประกอบการในประเทศไทย ร่วมกันจัดตั้งสมาพันธ์ กับประเทศผู้ส่งออกรายใหญ่แบบที่เกิดขึ้นกับ OPEC หรือ PPAQ

แล้วราคาสินค้าเหล่านี้จะเป็นอย่างไร ?
อย่างไรก็ตาม
การโจรกรรมครั้งใหญ่ ก็อาจเกิดขึ้นตามมา แบบที่เกิดขึ้นกับประเทศแคนาดา ก็เป็นได้..
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Blockdit เป็นแพลตฟอร์ม สำหรับนักอ่าน และนักเขียน
ที่มีผู้ใช้งาน 1 ล้านคน ลองใช้แพลตฟอร์มนี้เพื่อได้ไอเดียใหม่ๆ
แล้วอาจพบว่าสังคมนี้เหมาะกับคนเช่นคุณ
Blockdit. Ideas Happen. Blockdit.com/download
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ติดตามลงทุนแมนได้ที่
Website - longtunman.com
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References
-https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/136d/e6eb05baa3a19062aa1918c93f4e4bcd7f15.pdf
-https://theculturetrip.com/north-america/canada/quebec/articles/the-unusual-story-behind-the-great-canadian-maple-syrup-heist/
-https://ppaq.ca/en/our-organization/our-dna/the-qmsp-story/
-https://agriculture.vermont.gov/sites/agriculture/files/documents/AgDevReports/Maple%20Syrup%20Market%20Research%20Report.pdf
-https://www.knowledge-sourcing.com/report/maple-syrup-market?gclid=Cj0KCQjwo-aCBhC-ARIsAAkNQiu5WAcgPz-FDos9DGdaWKyaABv9WyBKbKCKgSbixK-U8G3g_knBFFIaAsFKEALw_wcB
-https://www.economist.com/americas-view/2013/09/19/sticky-fingers

- Luyện đọc đầu ngày: ALEXANDER HENDERSON (1831-1913)

Born in Scotland, Henderson emigrated to Canada in 1855 and became a well-known landscape photographer.

Alexander Henderson was born in Scotland in 1831 and was the son of a successful merchant. His grandfather, also called Alexander, had founded the family business, and later became the first chairman of the National Bank of Scotland. The family had extensive landholdings in Scotland. Besides its residence in Edinburgh, it owned Press Estate, 650 acres of farmland about 35 miles southeast of the city. The family often stayed at Press Castle, the large mansion on the northern edge of the property, and Alexander spent much of his childhood in the area, playing on the beach near Eyemouth or fishing in the streams nearby.

Even after he went to school at Murcheston Academy on the outskirts of Edinburgh, Henderson returned to Press at weekends. In 1849 he began a three-year apprenticeship to become an accountant. Although he never liked the prospect of a business career, he stayed with it to please his family. In October 1855, however, he emigrated to Canada with his wife Agnes Elder Robertson and they settled in Montreal.

Henderson learned photography in Montreal around the year 1857 and quickly took it up as a serious amateur. He became a personal friend and colleague of the Scottish-Canadian photographer William Notman. The two men made a photographic excursion to Niagara Falls in 1860 and they cooperated on experiments with magnesium flares as a source of artificial light in 1865. They belonged to the same societies and were among the founding members of the Art Association of Montreal. Henderson acted as chairman of the association's first meeting, which was held in Notman's studio on 11 January 1860.

In spite of their friendship, their styles of photography were quite different. While Notman's landscapes were noted for their bold realism, Henderson for the first 20 years of his career produced romantic images, showing the strong influence of the British landscape tradition. His artistic and technical progress was rapid and in 1865 he published his first major collection of landscape photographs. The publication had limited circulation (only seven copies have ever been found), and was called Canadian Views and Studies. The contents of each copy vary significantly and have proved a useful source for evaluating Henderson's early work.
In 1866, he gave up his business to open a photographic studio, advertising himself as a portrait and landscape photographer. From about 1870 he dropped portraiture to specialize in landscape photography and other views. His numerous photographs of city life revealed in street scenes, houses, and markets are alive with human activity, and although his favourite subject was landscape he usually composed his scenes around such human pursuits as farming the land, cutting ice on a river, or sailing down a woodland stream. There was sufficient demand for these types of scenes and others he took depicting the lumber trade, steamboats and waterfalls to enable him to make a living. There was little competing hobby or amateur photography before the late 1880s because of the time-consuming techniques involved and the weight of the equipment. People wanted to buy photographs as souvenirs of a trip or as gifts, and catering to this market, Henderson had stock photographs on display at his studio for mounting, framing, or inclusion in albums.

Henderson frequently exhibited his photographs in Montreal and abroad, in London, Edinburgh, Dublin, Paris, New York, and Philadelphia. He met with greater success in 1877 and 1878 in New York when he won first prizes in the exhibition held by E and HT Anthony and Company for landscapes using the Lambertype process. In 1878 his work won second prize at the world exhibition in Paris.

In the 1870s and 1880s Henderson travelled widely throughout Quebec and Ontario, in Canada, documenting the major cities of the two provinces and many of the villages in Quebec. He was especially fond of the wilderness and often travelled by canoe on the Blanche, du Lievre, and other noted eastern rivers. He went on several occasions to the Maritimes and in 1872 he sailed by yacht along the lower north shore of the St Lawrence River. That same year, while in the lower St Lawrence River region, he took some photographs of the construction of the Intercolonial Railway. This undertaking led in 1875 to a commission from the railway to record the principal structures along the almost-completed line connecting Montreal to Halifax. Commissions from other railways followed. In 1876 he photographed bridges on the Quebec, Montreal, Ottawa and Occidental Railway between Montreal and Ottawa. In 1885 he went west along the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) as far as Rogers Pass in British Columbia, where he took photographs of the mountains and the progress of construction.

In 1892 Henderson accepted a full-time position with the CPR as manager of a photographic department which he was to set up and administer. His duties included spending four months in the field each year. That summer he made his second trip west, photographing extensively along the railway line as far as Victoria. He continued in this post until 1897, when he retired completely from photography.

When Henderson died in 1913, his huge collection of glass negatives was stored in the basement of his house. Today collections of his work are held at the National Archives of Canada, Ottawa, and the McCord Museum of Canadian History, Montreal.

Extensive (adj): rộng
Outskirts (n): ngoại ô
Apprenticeship (n): thời gian học nghề
Excursion (n): chuyến du ngoạn
Artificial (adj): nhân tạo
Influence (n) /ˈɪnfluəns/ : sự ảnh hưởng
Artistic (adj) /ɑːˈtɪstɪk/ : đẹp
Rapid (adj) /ˈræpɪd/ : nhanh chóng
Significantly (adv) /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəntli/ : đáng kể
Specialize in (v) /ˈspeʃəlaɪz//ɪn/ : chuyên
Numerous (adj)/ˈnjuːmərəs/ : nhiều
Sufficient (adj) /səˈfɪʃnt/ : đủ
Demand (n)/dɪˈmɑːnd/ : nhu cầu
Exhibition (n) /ˌeksɪˈbɪʃn/: triển lãm
Wilderness (n) /ˈwɪldənəs/ : vùng hoang vu
Commission (n) /kəˈmɪʃn/ : nhiệm vụ
Administer (v) /ədˈmɪnɪstə(r)/: điều hành
Huge (adj) /hjuːdʒ/ : to lớn

Các bạn cùng tham khảo bài đọc này nhé! Trích từ Cambridge IELTS14 - giải chi tiết, có ai chưa có bản này không?

Kirby Schepp is the Head coach of the University of Manitoba as well as the being a part of the Canadian Men's National Basketball team for the past nine years. Kirby was the presenter of the very popular Youtube video "Don't teach plays teach them how to play" which has changed the thinking process for many coaches worldwide. Today Kirby talks about his experience training youth all the way to national team players as well as his experience internationally and some of the differences between basketball in North America compared to the rest of the world.

自從發現我懷孕之後得知很多關於在台灣懷孕的禁忌！所以這次的影片我想討論台灣和加拿大的懷孕迷思和傳統，比較一下東西方文化差異～

感謝FUNDAY贊助本支影片！(Sponsored/AD)

FUNDAY是一個功能強大的多媒體線上英文教育學習平台，每日提供最新與最豐富的英文互動課程，協助您在日常中利用零散時間學習英語，並搭配多元且專業之數位課程，為您點滴養成堅強的英語實力。

FUNDAY英語教育 x 凱西莓英語學習傳送門 👉 https://bit.ly/37Mwu9J

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Far Away by Declan DP https://soundcloud.com/declandp
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Bounce Ball by Twin Musicom is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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Campfire by Roa https://soundcloud.com/roa_music1031
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The differences between the many countries that speak English can be quite huge and we often misunderstand each other! In this video I test Prozzie on his American and British English and see how different they are to his native Canadian English! Watch and enjoy! Don't forget to comment!

#英文 #美語 #prozzie


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看其他的影片：
Check out some other videos:
阿滴英文的英式英語多好? HOW GOOD is Ray DU‘s BRITISH English?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fjTAR601cqE

與黑素斯一起泡餅乾 BISCUIT dunking with JESUS!!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SeJgp6KvmvY

台灣的外國人吃3種米血! I EAT 3 kinds of PIG's BLOOD cake!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mjWRxvltJdw&t=5s

外國人在台灣吃傳統壽司 BEST SUSHI in 台灣
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AfutAW6k7DE&t=171s

台灣的最好吃美式早餐 ! Best AMERICAN Breakfast in TAIWAN???
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6TpH1Cu_-10&t=334s


拍攝景點：
Shooting Location:
台中市
Taichung City

送給我信吧！Send me something interesting!
404台中市北區漢口路四段196號
196 Hankou Road, Section 4, Taichung City, TAIWAN 404

音樂:
Salgre - Jimmy Fontanez, Media Right Productions https://youtu.be/YNaCs6mfuOs