最近,我在「TIME時代」雜志的專欄文章裡,向全球的讀者介紹了大陸「世界工廠」的+AI自動化升級。隨著勞動力成本的上漲,工業自動化、智慧化勢必是大陸製造業的一劑特效藥。自動化能讓運營成本下降,但仍能讓中國大陸保持生產品質、流程、供應鏈維度的優勢。AI賦能產業升級的願景或許還需多年才能實現,但當下的大陸已經讓未來可期。
以下是專欄文章全文,經TIME授權翻譯轉載:
「中國世界工廠 + AI 的未來」
多年來,中國大陸一直被喻為「世界工廠」,即便在全球其他經濟體紛紛遭遇新冠疫情重擊的2020年,大陸製造產業仍然維持穩健的增長范式,全年產值高達3.854萬億美元,占到全球市場近三分之一。
但如果你腦中的大陸工廠是傳統的「血汗工廠」,是時候修正你的刻板印象了。大陸經濟已經迅速地從疫情衝擊下復蘇,疫情同時催化了各種各樣人工智慧(AI)的應用場景加速實現。自2014年以來,中國大陸的AI專利申請量已經超越美國,至今維持全球領先。在學術領域,中國大陸的AI研究論文發表數量、AI期刊的引用量,也雙雙在近年超過了美國。在產業方面,AI應用在大陸的落地速度超越世界其他國家和地區,具有商業價值的AI應用如今開始百花齊放,整合了軟體、硬體和機器人技術的新一代自動化揭開序曲,AI賦能傳統行業的能量,正在蓄勢待發地重塑各行各業。
人類社會至今經歷了三次不同的工業革命:蒸汽革命、電力革命和資訊革命。我相信,AI將會是推動全球第四次工業革命的核心引擎,在世界各地點燃數位化和自動化的變革,而這波前所未有的硬科技浪潮,將由中國來引領實踐。
由於勞動人口減少和新增人口放緩,中國大陸的傳統產業正面臨著勞動力成本上升的巨大壓力,AI正是解決這個難題的技術解答。人工智慧不僅能夠降低運營成本,提高生產效率,擴大整體產能,還有望能帶來收入的增長。
例如,創新工場投資的廣州極飛科技是一家致力於未來農業的AI科技公司,極飛將無人機、機器人和感測器部署在稻田、麥田和棉花田裡,用技術賦能農業中的播種、農藥噴灑、栽種管理、甚至天氣監測環節。用於作物噴灑的極飛科技R150農業無人車已經被推廣到了英國,應用在蘋果、草莓、黑莓等多種經濟作物的種植流程中。
一些大陸的創新公司正積極把機器人拓展到意想不到的場景。總部位於北京的鎂伽是創新工場投資的生命科學智慧自動化公司,他們和實驗室、製藥公司、高校合作,憑藉AI+機器人技術的積累,用自動化解決方案執行實驗室中勞動密集、重複性高、但需要高度精確的任務和流程,同時機器人作業也將盡最大可能保護實驗室人員降低實驗過程中的感染風險。
除了創業公司,我們看到幾家成熟的龍頭企業也開始積極擁抱AI。創新工場參與了有28年歷史的中力電動叉車,這家頭部的鋰電叉車製造商已經推出了能夠在工廠、倉庫自主運行的無人叉車,並且無需對運行環境進行改造,能快速實現從手動到電動到自動駕駛的搬運賦能創新。此外,擁有50多年歷史的領先客車製造商-宇通集團,與自動駕駛獨角獸企業-文遠知行戰略合作,已在大陸三個城市的馬路上運行全無人駕駛小巴。
接著會發生什麼?我大膽預見,在更長遠的未來,機器人和AI將接管大多數產品的製造、設計、交付甚至營銷——很可能將生產成本降低到和原物料成本相差無幾。未來的機器人有能力自我複製和自我修復,甚至做到部分自我反覆運算設計。房屋和公寓將交由AI主導設計,使用預製建築模塊,交由機器人像搭積木似地築樓蓋房。無人公交、無人摩托等隨傳隨到的自動化未來交通系統,能將我們安全無虞地送達想去的地方。
這些願景成為現實或許還需要多年,但此時的大陸正在積極鋪墊引領新一代自動化革命的基石。可期的是,中國工廠的實力將不僅僅體現在產能上,而將逐步彰顯在智慧上。
本文經「TIME時代」授權進行中文編譯,原文如下:
China Is Still the World's Factory — And It's Designing the Future With AI
BY KAI-FU LEE
For many years now, China has been the world’s factory. Even in 2020, as other economies struggled with the effects of the pandemic, China’s manufacturing output was $3.854 trillion, up from the previous year, accounting for nearly a third of the global market.
But if you are still thinking of China’s factories as sweatshops, it’s probably time to change your perception. The Chinese economic recovery from its short-lived pandemic blip has been boosted by its world-beating adoption of artificial intelligence (AI). After overtaking the U.S. in 2014, China now has a significant lead over the rest of the world in AI patent applications. In academia, China recently surpassed the U.S. in the number of both AI research publications and journal citations. Commercial applications are flourishing: a new wave of automation and AI infusion is crashing across a swath of sectors, combining software, hardware and robotics.
As a society, we have experienced three distinct industrial revolutions: steam power, electricity and information technology. I believe AI is the engine fueling the fourth industrial revolution globally, digitizing and automating everywhere. China is at the forefront in manifesting this unprecedented change.
Chinese traditional industries are confronting rising labor costs thanks to a declining working population and slowing population growth. The answer is AI, which reduces operational costs, enhances efficiency and productivity, and generates revenue growth.
For example, Guangzhou-based agricultural-technology company XAG, a Sinovation Ventures portfolio company, is sending drones, robots and sensors to rice, wheat and cotton fields, automating seeding, pesticide spraying, crop development and weather monitoring. XAG’s R150 autonomous vehicle, which sprays crops, has recently been deployed in the U.K. to be used on apples, strawberries and blackberries.
Some companies are rolling out robots in new and unexpected sectors. MegaRobo, a Beijing-based life-science automation company also backed by Sinovation Ventures, designs AI and robots to safely perform repetitive and precise laboratory work in universities, pharmaceutical companies and more, reducing to zero the infection risk to lab workers.
It’s not just startups; established market leaders are also leaning into AI. EP Equipment, a manufacturer of lithium-powered warehouse forklifts founded in Hangzhou 28 years ago, has with Sinovation Ventures’ backing launched autonomous models that are able to maneuver themselves in factories and on warehouse floors. Additionally Yutong Group, a leading bus manufacturer with over 50 years’ history, already has a driverless Mini Robobus on the streets of three cities in partnership with autonomous vehicle unicorn WeRide.
Where is all this headed? I can foresee a time when robots and AI will take over the manufacturing, design, delivery and even marketing of most goods—potentially reducing costs to a small increment over the cost of materials. Robots will become self-replicating, self-repairing and even partially self-designing. Houses and apartment buildings will be designed by AI and use prefabricated modules that robots put together like toy blocks. And just-in-time autonomous public transportation, from robo-buses to robo-scooters, will take us anywhere we want to go.
It will be years before these visions of the future enter the mainstream. But China is laying the groundwork right now, setting itself up to be a leader not only in how much it manufactures, but also in how intelligently it does it.
Source:https://time.com/6084158/china-ai-factory-future/
同時也有10000部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過2,910的網紅コバにゃんチャンネル,也在其Youtube影片中提到,...
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การเปลี่ยนถ่ายจาก รถเครื่องยนต์สันดาป สู่ EV Car ในประเทศไทย
รถยนต์คันแรกที่วิ่งบนถนนเมืองไทยเกิดขึ้นปี พ.ศ. 2447
หรือเมื่อ 116 ปีที่แล้ว ซึ่งเจ้าพระยาสุรศักดิ์มนตรี เป็นคนนำเข้ามาจากยุโรป
...Continue ReadingMG X invest man
Transformation from combustion engine to EV Car in Thailand
The first car to run on Thailand road happened in the year. B.E. 2447
Or 116 years ago that Chao Phraya Surasak Montri was imported from Europe.
But when the reign of King Rama 5, he saw that it was difficult to use, he ordered German companies to assemble Mercedes to be a throne car that used fuel as a throne.
Over time in Thailand, there are many car brands happening. Both Japanese and European brands have come to set up factory in Thailand.
Until now Thailand becomes the world's number 11 car production base.
Have you ever noticed that from the beginning of 100 years ago to today?
The thing that doesn't change is that most road cars are still combustion engines.
To rely on oil which causes pollution air and pollution noise.
In spite of this time, car camps around the world have created smoke-free automotive technology. Powered by electric energy.
So why is the car that uses combustion engine still running on the road of Thailand?
Investing man will try to analyze it.
The reason combustion engine cars are the most popular in our house.
Apart from every camp, the manufacturer has many models of cars to choose from as they wish.
Another important thing is that it's easy to sell price. It's a market that is easy to buy and sell easily. Whether it's a new or used car.
But the thing that we have to exchange is that the environment is negative from toxic fumes, we have to pay for gas each month. On average, combustion engine car with 1 litres of oil will run 10-15 kilometers.
At the end, it's a busy maintenance fee because there must be consistent check and maintenance of the engine.
Until a time later, HEV hybrid car technology is leading battery and electric motor.
Come in to help make cars more powerful and save more oil.
There are many types of hybrids working methods. It depends on the design of the electric transmission system. It helps to start faster, save more oil or bring electricity to help engine all the time to improve energy.
And another option to market is to operate the electric motor, wheel drive, but it all comes from the ′′ generator that serves the electrical power ′′ engine so that cars can use the advantages of electric motor. That's a quick start. Waiting for the engine round
Which, in any way, the hybrid system still needs to be gased for the engine and exhaust like combustion engine.
And what makes hybrids so unsuccessful is selling more expensive than combustion engine vehicles and engine maintenance costs.
A system that develops later is a hybrid plug-in or a system that adds external energy. This charging system allows cars to be more powerful than before. Electricity in low speeds. Further and more fuel saving, but even more so, the main energy is still oiled while electricity is more supplementary.
As the past 3 systems could fix the fuel saving and better power, but the toxic fumes were created from combustion engine couldn't solve the pollution PM2. 5 pollution.
This is why some car camps are innovating that won't need engine power anymore. That's 100 % electric cars using 100 % electricity and cut off all engine systems which can be recharged from. Exterior and store power at battery. When power is driven, electricity will be sent to motor to drive wheels.
And when cars don't need to drive, which means we don't need to pay for gas, no engine maintenance, no oil, and 100 % electricity usage. It makes driving time no noise, no poisonous smoke.
100 % of electric cars will change our lifestyle from gas station to travel to charging at home similar to mobile phones. Our society is a clean society without PM2. 5 anymore.
By 100 % electric car or BEV Car, it's going to be a leap growing global sales.
Year 2010 Sales of 100 % BEV worldwide 2,881 cars.
Year 2019 Sales of 100 % BEV worldwide 1,502,798 cars.
Only 9 years. BEV Car grows 52,062 %
At this time, there are over 4.5 million BEV car cars running across the globe.
The country with the most BEV cars running on the road is China with approximately 2.5 million cars.
Or think about 55 % of all BEV Car in the world. Secondary is USA and European countries.
The most important reason why BEV Car in many countries around the world is growing. Government bombs support both car manufacturers tax structures to tax deductible to citizens if they buy BEV Car.
Because at this time, many countries are terrified of the climate getting worse.
Specifically, China where many cities are falling in the circle of dust. PM2. 5
And this is happening to Thailand too.
Many people are asking how is the status of the sky train market 100 % BEV Car in our house?
Believe it or not, the EV Car in Thailand includes all-driven vehicles, both hybrid and hybrid plug-ins. Only 1.2 hundred thousand or 1.2 % of personalized cars. All across the country
And in that total, only 1,500 cars are 100 % electric cars or BEV.
The reason BEV Car in Thailand hasn't been informed. Born like other countries.
I have to admit that part of the promotion of the government is not as intense as it should be.
The next thing is that the sale price is still pretty high.
Because no car camp is currently able to produce an EV Car in the country. It costs all of them for import tax.
This story has resulted in the price of BEV Car on the market. Most of them are price starts from 1.8 million Baht.
When things are like this, it makes MG see the gap with importing BEV Car ′′ MG ZS EV ′′
With benefits of import tax 0 % from FTA Thai - China trade policy.
From now on, MG ZS EV can make a sale price of up to 1.19 million baht, cheaper than other BEV Car camps apparently.
This model car has a highlight. It's fully charged 1 times. It can be 337 kilometers and battery guarantee for 8 years.
The thing to follow is
So when are we going to see BEV Car of other car camps. It's priced for normal people to access like MG ZS EV.
So when will we see BEV Car under a million baht like other countries?
So when will we see BEV Car charging at all locations like gas stations.
The answer should be about
Car factory in Thailand will mainly change from the manufacturing of combustion cars.
When will I become a full EV Car?
And how much electric car charging stations will be promoted
This is based on government policies.
And the public sector needs to push it happen too.
And if that day comes
When BEV Car runs on the streets of Thailand
Our eyes won't see black smoke
Our nose won't breathe poisonous smoke
Our ears won't listen loudly from the engine
And it's that time on the road in Thailand
Will be friendly for us all..
References
- Siam Commercial Bank Economic Research Center (SCB EIC)
- MG Sale (Thailand) Co Ltd.Translated
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新刊預覽~~✨👀
Voices of Photography 攝影之聲
Issue 27 : 歷史與書寫專題
Histories and Writings Issue
自創刊以來,《攝影之聲》持續關注影像書寫、歷史與文化樣態,隨著2019年我們在台北「空總台灣當代文化實驗場」策劃一系列攝影史敘事工作坊並舉辦戰後東亞攝影史論壇,邀請攝影史研究者共同參與,推進攝影史研究與影像歷史意識的討論契機。本期特別刊載主講者文稿,在日本、韓國與台灣研究者對東亞攝影歷程不同的關注面向中,作為攝影與歷史論述的反思與參照。
其中,金子隆一重新定位1970年代攝影家自主藝廊在日本攝影發展中的位置,揭示非主流的創作脈動,何以是日本攝影史論中需要補遺的重要章節;陳佳琦探討1960年代台灣業餘攝影者參與日本攝影比賽的風潮,以及以日本攝影雜誌作為平台的競賽文化的可能影響,呈現出戰後台、日攝影界另類的民間交流場域;朴平鍾細述自日本殖民統治結束後,韓國攝影在現實主義與現代主義之間引發的論爭,疏理戰後韓國對於攝影認知的辯證與反省;戶田昌子析論1950年代的日本攝影表現,在脫離戰時的壓抑並逐漸獲得解放之後,受國際「主觀主義攝影」潮流影響所開展出日本攝影美學進程的時代軌印;張世倫從冷戰年代深埋於台灣社會的檔案線索與政治意識,檢視戰後台灣的影像操縱、治理機制,以及國族攝影史本身的建構和詮釋問題。
攝影,在與光學、化學、政治社會學、文化研究,乃至符號學與精神分析等學科譜系的結合中,已不斷延展、流動、重構,打開了攝影本體論的探索空間。謝佩君縷析自上世紀以來的攝影書寫歷程與跨領域的視覺理論,勾勒攝影理路的發展形貌,本期將開啟系列討論的首章。顧錚分享於德國海德堡大學客座期間開設攝影史課程的自身經驗,並提出攝影史學門研究邊界的批判思索。黎健強剖析攝影術初登香港的歷史推論系列來到末篇,為濕版法在1850年代於香港興起的考據,展現不同的史料論證。
此外,本期我們特別專訪陳傳興,刊載他於上世紀七〇年代末拍攝、四十年間未曾公開的照片及底片,一探銀鹽與光交集而生的影像喻意,以及他不停思辨的攝影本質論題。同時,我們也介紹高重黎的聲音與投影裝置新作,析解視聽機器現成物及獨特的一鏡到底、史上最長的「放影機電影」中的技術哲學。「攝影書製作現場」連載則進入「設計」單元,本期專訪日本設計師森大志郎,分享他細膩的平面設計語彙。
儘管維持出版的路途艱辛,這些年我們仍努力在有限的資源下,持續進行資料考掘整理、訪談記錄等基礎工作,緩緩開展以台灣及亞洲地緣為核心的攝影文化與歷史論述。感謝親愛的讀者與朋友的支持,讓我們在新的一年裡,繼續探索未知的影像星河。
▍購買本期 BUY | http://bit.ly/vop-27
Since its inception, Voices of Photography has always focused on the aspects of image writing, history and cultural forms. In 2019, we held a series of workshops on photography history narratives and a forum on history of post-war East Asian photography, at the Taiwan Contemporary Culture Lab in Taipei, Taiwan. We invited researchers in this field to join us, creating the opportunity to advance discussions on photography history research and awareness of imagery history. This issue features the manuscripts of our speakers at the event, which will serve as a reflection and reference for the photography and historical discourse in the eyes of our counterparts in Japan, South Korea and Taiwan.
Among them, Kaneko Ryuchi has redefined the position of independent photography galleries in the development of Japanese photography in the 1970s, revealing the creative pulses that transcended the mainstream and why it became an important chapter in the history of Japanese photography, waiting to be filled. Chen Chia-Chi takes a look at the trend of Taiwanese amateur photographers participating in photography contests in Japan in the 1960s, and the possible influence that Japanese photography magazines had on the culture of photo competition, thereby shedding light on an alternative platform through which folk exchanges happened between the Taiwanese and Japanese photography fields. Park Pyungjong details the controversy between realism and modernism in Korean photography following the end of colonial rule by the Japanese, and evaluates the dialectics and reflections surrounding Korea’s understanding of photography after the war. Toda Masako analyzes Japanese photography in the 1950s, the era of Japanese photographic aesthetics that was influenced by the trend of “subjectivism” in the international arena as the oppression of war gradually faded in time. Through archives and political consciousness buried deep in the core of the Taiwanese society since the Cold War era, Chang Shih-Lun examines the manipulation and governance mechanism of images, and issues with the construction and interpretation of the nationality in photography history.
When analyzed in combination with other disciplines such as optics, chemistry, political sociology, cultural studies, and even semiotics and psychoanalysis, the space for exploration of the ontology of photography is constantly stretched, moved, and reconstructed. Hsieh Pei-Chun analyzes the photographic writing process and the cross-domain visual theory since the last century while outlining the development of photography theories. This issue is the first in a series of discussions. Gu Zheng shares his own experience as a visiting professor on photography history at the University of Heidelberg, Germany, where he put forward a critical reflection on the boundaries of research in the field of photography history. Edwin K. Lai's analysis of the series of historical inferences from when photography first came to Hong Kong comes to an end, presenting historical evidence of the rise of the “wet-plate method” in Hong Kong in the 1850s.
In addition, we have a special interview with Cheng Tsun-Shing, featuring never-before-published photographs and negatives that he had taken in the late 1970s. We explore the imagery metaphors that are born when silver salt and light meet, and the issue of the essence of photography that he constantly philosophizes. At the same time, we feature Kao Chung-Li’s new works of sound and projection installations, analyzing the ready-made audio-visual equipment and the technical philosophy behind the unique one-take "projector movie", that is also the longest ever such film in history. The "Photobook Making Case Study" series also enters the "Design" chapter. In this issue, we interview Japanese designer Mori Daishiro and he shares his experiences in the area of graphic design.
Although the journey of publication is difficult, we have been striving to continue with the basics of data exploration, collation, and interviews with limited resources, as we slowly expand the photography culture and historical discourses of Taiwan and Asia and showcase them to the world. We would like t✨o thank all our dear readers and friends for your utmost support. Let us continue to explore the unknown universe of images in the new year.
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Voices of Photography 攝影之聲
www.vopmagazine.com