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在h2 antagonist這個產品中，有8篇Facebook貼文，粉絲數超過0的網紅，也在其Facebook貼文中提到， 【藥事知多D】胃藥知多D：Bismuth Subsalicylate 根據藥理，常用的胃藥主要可以分為抗酸劑(Antacid)例如鹼鹽和制酸劑例如H2受體拮抗劑(H2 Antagonist)、質子泵抑制劑(Proton Pump Inhibitor, PPI)兩類。 不論是抗酸劑還是制酸劑，最終...

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2021-04-28 09:58:55 有 180 人按讚
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【藥事知多D】胃藥知多D：Bismuth Subsalicylate

根據藥理，常用的胃藥主要可以分為抗酸劑(Antacid)例如鹼鹽和制酸劑例如H2受體拮抗劑(H2 Antagonist)、質子泵抑制劑(Proton Pump Inhibitor, PPI)兩類。

不論是抗酸劑還是制酸劑，最終的目的還是減少胃酸，主要用來治療、預防一些胃病，例如胃痛、胃灼熱、胃潰瘍、胃液倒流。

那市面上又有沒有一些胃藥，既不抗酸又不制酸，既不中和胃酸又不抑制胃酸呢？

哈哈……各位聰明的看倌一定會知道答案當然是「有」，不然這篇文章怎麼能夠繼續寫下去？

對，答案是有的。

這種非典型胃藥便是Bismuth Subsalicylate。

誠如上文所述，在藥理上，Bismuth Subsalicylate既不是抗酸劑，又不是制酸劑，不過偏偏就是一種胃藥。

跟抗酸劑、制酸劑不同，Bismuth Subsalicylate主要有以下四個作用原理：

第一，Bismuth Subsalicylate在酸性的環境下（胃液）便可能會進化成為Bismuth Oxychloride，然後黏附在胃壁上形成一層薄膜，如同「烏蠅紙」一樣吸附胃黏膜主細胞(Gastric Chief Cell)所分泌的胃蛋白酶(Pepsin)，抑制胃蛋白酶的活性。

胃蛋白酶主要負責消化胃裡的蛋白質，固然能夠消化食物裡的蛋白質，更加能夠消化胃壁細胞(Parietal Cells)裡的蛋白質，所以抑制胃蛋白酶的活性，在相當程度上，便可能會減少胃液對胃部的刺激。

第二，Bismuth Subsalicylate可能會黏附在胃潰瘍的傷口上形成一種物理性屏障，如同敷料一樣減少傷口繼續受到胃液的刺激，促進傷口癒合。[1][2]

第三，Bismuth Subsalicylate可能會促進前列腺素(Prostaglandin, PG)的產生，增加胃壁黏液分泌，如同加厚城牆一樣鞏固胃壁黏膜抗衡胃酸。

第四，Bismuth Subsalicylate可能會促進胃壁黏膜分泌重碳酸鹽(Bicarbonate, HCO3-)這種鹼鹽，中和胃酸，從而加強胃壁的自我保護功能。

跟其他胃藥不同，Bismuth Subsalicylate還有一種與眾不同的特性，便是可能會干擾幽門螺旋桿菌(Helicobacter pylori, H. pylori)的細胞壁、蛋白質、三磷酸腺苷(Adenosine Triphosphate, ATP)合成，癱瘓幽門螺旋桿菌的新陳代謝，同時干擾細胞膜(Cell Membrane)的滲透功能，誘發幽門螺旋桿菌的體內出現滲漏，殺滅幽門螺旋桿菌。[3]

所以Bismuth Subsalicylate有資格成為四合一療法(Quadruple Therapy)的其中一員，適用於治療對幽門螺旋桿菌呈陽性的腸胃潰瘍(H. pylori-positive Ulcers)。[4]

在副作用上，因為這種胃藥一般採取「無差別」的吸附模式，所以其他藥物同樣可能會被吸附在這張「烏蠅紙」上，便可能會減少藥物的吸收，從而削弱藥效。

所以要是需要服用其他藥物，一般建議至少相隔兩小時服用，盡量減低兩者同時在胃部相遇的機會，避免出現藥物相沖的機會。

除此之外，Bismuth Subsalicylate還可能會在消化道裡跟細菌體內的硫化氫(Hydrogen Sulfide, H2S)產生化學反應轉化成為硫化鉍(Bismuth Sulfide, Bi2S3)，因為硫化鉍是黑色，所以可能會弄污舌頭、染黑大便。

還有因為Bismuth Subsalicylate含有鉍(Bismuth)、水楊酸(Salicylic Acid)這兩種成分，所以還可能會出現兩者所帶來的副作用：

一、鉍

因為鉍主要透過腎臟排出體外，所以要是腎功能不佳，這些重金屬離子便可能會不斷積聚在人體裡面，日積月累，便可能會超標構成毒性，損害神經系統，所以未必適用於對一些腎衰竭(Renal Failure)人士服用。

二、水楊酸

因為Bismuth Subsalicylate可以產生水楊酸，所以不適用於對亞士匹靈(Aspirin)產生過敏的人士服用，同時避免超出建議劑量，減低出現水楊酸中毒的風險。

（如欲了解更多用藥資訊，歡迎看看「小小藥罐子」網誌。）

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Reference:
1. Lambert JR, Way DJ, King RG, Eaves ER, Hansky J. Bismuth pharmacokinetics in the human gastric mucosa. Gastroenterology. 1988;94: A248.
2. Koo J, Ho J, Lam SK, Wong J, Ong GB. Selective coating of gastric ulcer by tripotassium dicitrato-bismuthate in the rat. Gastroenterology. 1982;82:864-70.
3. Lambert JR, Midolo P. The actions of bismuth in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 1997;11(Suppl 1):27-33.
4. Malfertheiner P, Bazzoli F, Delchier JC, et al. Helicobacter pylori eradication with a capsule containing bismuth subcitrate potassium, metronidazole, and tetracycline given with omeprazole versus clarithromycin-based triple therapy: a randomised, open-label, non-inferiority, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2011;377:905.

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h2 antagonist 在 小小藥罐子 Facebook 的最佳貼文

小小藥罐子 By 小小藥罐子

2020-04-29 08:55:01 有 415 人按讚
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【保健知多D】維生素知多D：維生素B12

〈維生素B12有咩用？關貧血咩事？〉

首先在結構上，因為維生素B12含有「鈷(Cobalt)」這種元素，所以偶爾可能會稱為鈷胺素(Cobalamin)。
　　
至於維生素B12的其中兩項功能主要在促進髓鞘(Myelin Sheath)的合成、成紅細胞(Erythroblasts)的分化（這個過程一般稱為「紅細胞生成(Erythropoiesis)」），維持神經細胞、紅血球的正常功能。
　　
所以當人體缺乏維生素B12往往可能會損害神經、誘發貧血(Anemia)，至於這種貧血一般又會稱為惡性貧血(Pernicious Anemia)。
　　
就算補充鐵質(Iron)，還是不能改善這種貧血。
　　
不過就算人體攝取足夠的維生素B12，還是可能會誘發惡性貧血。
　　
為什麼？
　　
哦，不說不知道，維生素B12進入消化道後，原來還需要分別透過胃酸、內因子(Intrinsic Factor, IF)才能進入人體。
　　
首先胃酸會促進蛋白質裡的維生素B12釋放出來，然後胃壁細胞(Parietal Cells)便會分泌內因子做載體接收維生素B12，最後便會透過迴腸末端(Terminal Ileum)吸收。
　　
至於不論是胃酸還是內因子，兩者的原產地同是胃壁。
　　
這就是說，當人體的胃壁不能如常分泌胃酸、內因子的時候，人體便不能如常吸收維生素B12，從而可能會誘發維生素B12缺乏症。
　　
舉例說，要是正在服用一些制酸劑，例如H2受體拮抗劑(H2 Antagonist)、質子泵抑制劑(Proton Pump Inhibitor, PPI)，便可能會讓胃部趨向鹼性，不利釋放食物裡的維生素B12出來，自然不利維生素B12的吸收。
　　
又或者要是用藥者曾經進行次全胃切除(Subtotal Gastrectomy)，便可能會減少胃壁的表面面積，自然便可能會減少胃酸、內因子的分泌，同樣不利維生素B12的吸收。
　　
相較而言，長者往往未必能夠分泌足夠的胃酸來釋放蛋白質裡的維生素B12出來，所以一般較容易會出現維生素B12缺乏症。
　　
除此之外，因為維生素B12的來源主要是動物，例如牛肝，所以素食者同樣可能會較容易出現維生素B12缺乏症。
　　
所以這些人便可能需要服用維生素B12補充劑額外補充維生素B12來預防維生素B12缺乏症。
　　
在劑型上，主要是針劑、口服兩種。
　　
相較而言，口服的吸收率一般較低，吸收差，劑量自然大。
　　
舉例說，如果是惡性貧血的話，一般建議每天服用300至1000mcg維生素B12[1] [2][3][4]，用來彌補口服維生素B12的低吸收率，確保人體能夠攝取足夠的維生素B12。
　　
在副作用上，維生素B12看來安全，不過高劑量的維生素B12可能會誘發或者惡化暗瘡。[5][6]
　　
值得一提，因為葉酸可能會遮蓋維生素B12缺乏症的先兆，往往較可能會對神經構成永久性損害，所以每天服用超過400mcg葉酸前，一般建議首先檢查維生素B12是否達標，目的在排除維生素B12缺乏症的可能。

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Reference:
1. Elia M. Oral parenteral therapy for B12 deficiency. Lancet. 1998;352:1721-1722.
2. McIntyre PA, Hahn R, Masters JM, et al. Treatment of pernicious anemia with orally administered cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12). Arch Intern Med. 1960;106:280-292.
3. Waife SO, Jansen CJ Jr, Crabtree RE, et al. Oral vitamin B12 without intrinsic factor in the treatment of pernicious anemia. Ann Intern Med. 1963;58:810-817.
4. Berlin H, Berlin R, Brante G. Oral treatment of pernicious anemia with high doses of vitamin B12 without intrinsic factor. Acta Med Scand. 1968;184:247-258.
5. Sheretz EF. Acneform eruption due to "megadose" vitamins B 6 and B 12. Cutis.1991;48:19-20.
6. Braun-Falco O, Lincke H. The problem of vitamin B6/B12 acne. A contribution on acne medicamentosa [in German; English abstract]. MMW Munch Med Wochenschr. 1976;118:155-160.

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本網誌旨在分享用藥知識，圖文僅供教育用途。 內容僅供參考，絕對不能用來自行診治。 本網誌致力確保內容準確，惟醫藥知識隨時更新，故對內容的準確性、完整性、及時性、適用性不會承擔任何責任。如有健康疑難，請盡快求醫，以免貽誤治療良機。部分內容涉及醫藥知識，可能會引起不安，敬請留意。
一個小小的藥劑師， 一個小小的用藥資訊平台。 著作：《藥事知多D》、《用藥知多D》、《藥房事件簿》、《家居藥物攻略》
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h2 antagonist 在 小小藥罐子 Facebook 的精選貼文

小小藥罐子 By 小小藥罐子

2020-03-16 09:15:43 有 279 人按讚
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【藥罐子藥房事件簿】Famotidine事件

〈散裝藥 vs 排裝藥？〉

早陣子，中午時分，一個年約三十多歲的中國籍女子，棉花糖身形，案發當日身穿一件淺藍色圓領長袖T恤、藍色牛仔褲，前來藥房配藥。

甫進藥房後不久，這名女子便從手袋裡拿出一部智能手機並滑出一包藥的圖片出來配藥。

哦，原來是Famotidine這種藥。

插播一下：

Famotidine是H2受體拮抗劑(H2 Antagonist)，顧名思義，主要透過阻斷組織胺(Histamine)跟胃壁細胞(Parietal Cells)裡的H2受體(H2 Receptors)結合抑制胃酸分泌，所以是一種胃藥。

問題是……

這時候，藥房剛剛缺貨……慢著……不、不、不，更正，藥房其實有貨。

嗄？有就有，無就無，又有又無，那到底是有還是無呢？

唔……藥房的確有這粒藥，而且是「同廠同藥又同樣」，不過……

「我們剛剛沒有散裝，請問妳介不介意轉排裝？」

對，這名女子手機裡的這包藥是一粒粒「散丸」。

奈何藥房暫時沒有散裝，只有排裝。

那散裝藥跟排裝藥到底又有什麼分別呢？

一般而言，主要有以下兩個：

第一，有效日期。

其中因為排裝藥用鋁箔紙做包裝，如同原裝藥一樣防水隔氣，所以可以擺到原裝有效期。

實際上，排裝藥一般都會標示這個有效期做參考有效期。

至於散裝藥一般則是從原樽倒出來，大多並非在無菌環境下「散配」，便可能會縮短本來的有效期，所以原裝有效期一般並不適用於散裝藥。

理論上，根據《美國藥典》，這些散裝藥（藥丸、藥餅、藥粒、藥粉）一般不建議存放室溫多於180天。[1]

第二，價錢。

因為排裝藥較散裝藥多了一張鋁箔紙做「密實袋」，成本一般較多，價錢自然較貴。

所以就算「同廠同藥又同樣」，排裝藥的來貨價有可能會較散裝藥貴。

放心，話雖如此，不過算起來，在大部分的情況下，其實一粒排裝藥跟一粒散裝藥的價錢未必相差很大，所以藥房一般未必會將成本轉嫁給用藥者身上。

實際上，單是這款胃藥，一排十粒的排裝藥跟十粒散裝藥的價錢其實一模一樣，所以用藥者一般不會因為價錢問題而不轉排裝。

對，這名女子倒是不介意轉排裝並買了兩排藥，然後便離開藥房了。

當然，高端看倌可能會說道：

「哈！藥罐子！要是她不肯轉排裝，那你乾脆將這些排裝『啪』出來做『散丸』不就行了嗎？」

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一個小小的藥劑師， 一個小小的用藥資訊平台。 著作：《藥事知多D》、《用藥知多D》、《藥房事件簿》、《家居藥物攻略》
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Drug Name Avg. Rating Reviews Zantac (Pro) Generic name: ranitidine 7.8 84 reviews Pepcid (Pro) Generic name: famotidine 6.1 10 reviews Axid AR Generic name: nizatidine 10 3 reviews

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They are also called 'histamine H2-receptor antagonists' but are commonly called H2 blockers. They include cimetidine, famotidine nizatidine, ...

#8. 胃藥分類及機轉說明

H2 受體拮抗劑的作用機轉( 如圖一)，選擇性作用在胃壁上的H2 受體，與組織胺競爭，而不影響H1 及H3 受體，他們可以減少胃酸分泌及胃蛋白酶產生。H2 受體拮抗劑效力較PPIs弱 ...

#9. H2 Blockers - About GERD

The H2 blockers (also called H2 antagonists) were the first effective drugs for peptic ulcer. In the 1980s, they were the mainstay of treatment for ulcers ...

#10. H2 blockers: Types, uses, and side effects

H2 blockers are sometimes called H2 receptor antagonists, or H2RAs. They reduce the amount of acid the stomach produces by lowering histamine production.

#11. H2 Antagonist - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

All the currently available agents (cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine, and nizatidine) have been shown to be equally effective in appropriate doses in ...

#12. H2 receptor antagonists overdose Information - Mount Sinai

H2 receptor antagonists are medicines that help decrease stomach acid. H2 receptor antagonist overdose occurs when someone takes more than the normal or ...

#13. H2-blockers: Onset time - OpenAnesthesia

H2 antagonists are competitive antagonists at the parietal cell H2 receptor, and are typically used to suppress gastric acid secretion.

#14. Histamine H2-receptor antagonist - 博客來

書名：Histamine H2-receptor antagonist，語言：英文，ISBN：9783659552762，頁數：100，作者：Anjum, Zunera，出版日期：2014/06/03，類別：自然科普.

#15. Histamine-2 Antagonists - Nurseslabs

Here is a table of the most commonly used H2 antagonists. Histamine-2 antagonists (ends in -tidine). cimetidine (Tagamet); ranitidine (Zantac) ...

#16. Histamine H2 antagonists: Nursing Pharmacology - Osmosis

Histamine H2-receptor antagonists, also called H2 blockers, are medications that help reduce the production of gastric acid. Because of that, they can be used ...

#17. Pharmacology of the novel H2 antagonist famotidine

Leff and N. P. Shankley,Further analysis of anomalous pK B values for histamine H2-receptor antagonists on the mouse isolated stomach assay. Br. J. Pharmacol.

#18. Histamine H2 Antagonists | DrugBank Online

Drug Target Type Cimetidine Histamine H2 receptor target Cimetidine Cytochrome P450 1A2 enzyme Cimetidine Cytochrome P450 2D6 enzyme

#19. Dyspepsia - proven GORD: H2-receptor antagonists - CKS

Choice of H2-receptor antagonist ; Famotidine, 20–40 mg twice a day, — ; Nizatidine, 150–300 mg twice a day, —.

#20. H2 Blockers: Treatment Options for GERD - Healthline

H2 receptor blockers are most commonly used to treat gastritis, or inflamed stomach, and to treat peptic ulcers. Peptic ulcers are painful sores ...

#21. What to Know About H2 Receptor Blockers for GERD - WebMD

H2 receptor blockers are drugs that are used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and peptic ulcers. This drug is effective, ...

#22. H2 receptor antagonist | drug - Britannica

H2 receptor antagonist, in full histamine receptor H2 antagonist, any agent that blocks histamine-induced secretion of gastric acid in the stomach.

#23. H2 antagonists: Uses, common brands, and safety info

H2 antagonists include Tagamet (cimetidine), Axid (nizatidine), and Pepcid (famotidine). In addition to GERD, H2 antagonists treat other ...

#24. H2-antagonist in IgE-mediated type I hypersensitivity reactions

H1-receptor antagonist are common drugs used in mild/moderate allergic reactions whereas H2-receptor antagonist are commonly administered in ...

#25. H2 receptor antagonists - SlideShare

H2 -receptor antagonists Domina Petric, MD Pharmacokinetics Cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine and nizatidine. All four agents are rapidly absorbed from the ...

#26. Famotidine, H2 antagonist (ab120760) - Abcam

MW 337.43, Purity > 99%. Selective H2 receptor antagonist. Shows antiulcer and antioxidant properties. Enhances angiogenesis.

#27. 藥師週刊全聯會網站可搜尋

Histamine H2 receptor antagonists (H2 antagonists)包含cimetidine、ranitidine、famotidine、roxatidine、及nizatidine，在臨床上是使用非常廣泛的 ...

#28. H2 antagonist Definition & Meaning | Merriam-Webster Medical

The meaning of H2 ANTAGONIST is a drug (as cimetidine, famotidine, nizatidine, or ranitidine) that reduces or inhibits the secretion of gastric acid by ...

#29. 生活醫館/ 胃藥含致癌物遭下架！ 如何正確使用胃藥？

組織胺阻斷劑（H2-blocker）：組織胺是刺激胃酸分泌的因子之一，胃食道逆流或胃潰瘍患者，可採用H2-blocker直接阻斷組織胺，改善不適。

#30. H2 antagonist - wikidoc

Cimetidine was the prototypical histamine H2-receptor antagonist from which the later members of the class were developed. Cimetidine was the ...

#31. H2 Blockers - Gastrointestinal - Medbullets Step 1

crosses placenta. cimetidine and rantidine ↓ creatinine clearance. other H2 blockers have fewer side effects.

#32. Inverse agonism of histamine H2 antagonist accounts ... - PNAS

Histamine H2 receptors transfected in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are time- and dose-dependently upregulated upon exposure to the H2 antagonists ...

#33. Histamine2 Receptor Blockers (H2 Blockers) - Gov.bc.ca

Histamine H2-receptor Antagonists (H2RAs) [CPhA monograph] Available from ... of Non-Ulcer Dyspepsia in Adults: Common Questions about H2-blockers.

#34. How Do Histamine H2 Antagonists Work? - RxList

Histamine H2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) or H2-blockers are a class of stomach acid-suppressing agents and are used to treat ...

#35. H2 Blockers - TMedWeb

Competitive antagonist at the H2 receptor. · Blocks H2 receptors in parietal cells which suppresses basal and meal-stimulated acid secretion in a ...

#36. H2-antagonists (cimetidine, famotidine and nizatidine)

H2 -antagonists (cimetidine, famotidine and nizatidine) ... switching to an alternative proton pump inhibitor or alternative H2-antagonist:.

#37. H2 Histamine Blocker | Antihistaminic Drugs - YouTube

Download the "Solution Pharmacy" Mobile App to Get All Uploaded Notes, Model Question Papers, Answer Papers, Online Tests and other GPAT ...

#38. Anti Ulcerants H2 Antagonists - 1MG

ANTI ULCERANTS H2 ANTAGONISTS ... These are a group of medicines used in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease and gastroesophageal reflux ...

#39. H2 Blockers Mnemonic for Nursing Pharmacology (NCLEX)

Study this H2 Blockers NCLEX mnemonic and other mnemonics with Pixorize.Histamine receptor type 2 antagonists, also called H2 blockers, ...

#40. The Difference Between Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI), H2 ...

There are only three classes of medications for GERD. PPIs, H2 blockers, and Antacids. Antacids Of the three classes, antacids are the fastest acting.

#41. H2 Antagonist Oral Solution, Alcohol-Free - U.S. Pharmacist

H2 Antagonist Oral Solution, Alcohol-Free. Loyd V. Allen, Jr., PhD. Professor Emeritus College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma

#42. Supply Notification: H2-antagonists (Cimetidine, Famotidine ...

Supply Notification: H2-antagonists (Cimetidine, Famotidine and Nizatidine) – Update · Famotidine 20mg tablets are out of stock until the end of December 2019.

#43. H2 ANTAGONISTS - a patient's guide - Family Doctor

USE: Histamine H2- receptor antagonist ... H2- Antagonists are used for the treatment of stomach and duodenal ulcers, heartburn, and other related conditions ...

#44. The Safety of Histamine 2 (H2) Blockers in Pregnancy

Keywords H2 blockers 4 Acid reflux 4 GERD 4. Pregnancy 4 Malformations. Introduction. Heartburn and/or acid reflux (HB/RF) are common medical.

#45. H2 Blocker Medication Options for GERD - GERDHelp.com

H2 blockers treat duodenal and gastric ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux disease, acid indigestion, sour stomach, and common heartburn. Histamine type 2 receptor ...

#46. USE OF H2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS IN PREGNANCY

Histamine H2-receptor antagonists (cimetidine, famotidine, nizatidine and ranitidine) reduce gastric acidity through inhibition of gastric acid production.

#47. H2 Antagonist - Scholarly Community Encyclopedia

H2 antagonists, sometimes referred to as H2RAs and also called H2 blockers, are a class of medications that block the action of histamine at ...

#48. H2 Blocker vs Antacid vs PPI - PEPCID

H2 blockers are intended to treat unexpected heartburn and lower the amount of acid your stomach produces by blocking the histamine receptors in your ...

#49. Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonists and Heart Failure Risk ...

Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonists and Heart Failure Risk, May 7, 2021. Cardiology University of Washington. 2.33K subscribers.

#50. The Difference Between Antacids and H2 Blockers - Tums

Histamine H2 blockers (or acid blockers) are a class of drugs that help limit acid production in the stomach and come in both over-the-counter and prescription ...

#51. proton pump inhibitor or H2‐receptor antagonist for ...

Summary Aim : To compare H2-receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors as adjuvants to triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori ...

#52. Famotidine, a New, Potent, Long-Acting Histamine H2 ...

Cimetidine, a histamine H2-receptor antagonist occupies androgen receptors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1979; 48: 189-191. Scopus (115) · PubMed ...

#53. Histamine H2 antagonists for functional dyspepsia - Lippincott

Histamine H2 antagonists for functional dyspepsia. A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Li, Juanjuan MD a,b ; Wang, Fengyun MD b,∗ ; Lv, ...

#54. H2 blockers | UF Health, University of Florida Health

Types of H2 Blockers · Famotidine (Pepcid AC, Pepcid Oral) · Cimetidine (Tagamet, Tagamet HB) · Ranitidine (Zantac, Zantac 75, Zantac Efferdose, ...

#55. Popular Histamine-2 Antagonists List, Drug Prices ... - GoodRx

Famotidine (Pepcid) is a type of antihistamine that blocks the release of stomach acid. It is used to treat stomach or intestinal ulcers.

#56. Pediatric Gastrointestinal Bleeding Medication: Histamine H2 ...

Medication Summary · Histamine H2 Antagonists · Class Summary · Ranitidine (Zantac) · Famotidine (Pepcid) · Nizatidine (Axid, Axid AR) · Cimetidine ( ...

#57. Roxatidine | Histamine H2 antagonist - Focus Biomolecules

Roxatidine (78273-80-0) is a novel histamine H2 receptor antagonist.1 Suppresses inflammatory responses via inhibition of NFκB and p38 MAPK activat.

#58. Ulcer medications - histamine H2 antagonists

Histamine H2 antagonist ulcer medications include: Cimetidine (Tagamet, Tagamet HB); Famotidine (Pepcid, Pepcid AC, Heartburn Relief) ...

#59. H2受體阻抗劑 - A+醫學百科

H2受體阻抗劑（英語：H2 antagonist）是一系列用於阻斷組織胺作用於胃的壁細胞、減少壁細胞分泌胃酸的藥物。H2受體阻抗劑用於治療消化不良，但現在已經有效果更好的氫 ...

#60. The added value of H2 antagonists in premedication regimens ...

Ranitidine, a histamine 2 blocker, is the standard of care to prevent hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) caused by paclitaxel infusion.

#61. Pulsatile release histamine H2 antagonist dosage form

A unit dosage form, such as a capsule or the like, for delivering drugs into the body in a circadian release fashion comprising one or more populations of ...

#62. H2 Blockers – Indications, Effectiveness and Long- term Use

The H2 blockers (also called H2 antagonists) were the first effective drugs for peptic ulcer. In the 1980s, they were the backbone of treatment for ulcers ...

#63. "Comparing the Long Term Use of H2 Antagonists (H2RAs ...

Drugs associated with microscopic colitis are the H2 antagonist ranitidine (Zantac) and proton pump inhibitors lansoprazole (Prevacid), ...

#64. H2 Blockers Article - StatPearls

H2 receptor blockers, or H2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs), are a class of gastric acid-suppressing agents frequently used in various gastric ...

#65. H2-antagonisten - Farmacotherapeutisch Kompas

blokkeren reversibel de histamine (H2)-receptoren van pariëtale cellen in de maag;; remmen voornamelijk de basale (nachtelijke) maagzuursecretie. Effect.

#66. The Dangers and Side Effects of H2 Blockers

H2 blockers are best used for infrequent heartburn or to allow a stomach ulcer to heal. H2 blockers should not be a daily medication unless your ...

#67. Over-The-Counter (OTC) Heartburn Treatment - FDA

H2 blockers relieve and prevent heartburn and work by reducing the amount of acid produced by the stomach. Typically, they start to work within ...

#68. Molecular basis for the repurposing of histamine H2-receptor ...

Recently, global attention has turned to preliminary reports on the promising anti-COVID-19 effect of histamine H2-receptor antagonists (H2RAs), ...

#69. Aminopotentidine (CAS 140873-26-3) - R&D Systems

View all Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonists products. ... Aminopotentidine is a H2 antagonist (KB values are 220 and 280 nM at human and guinea pig H2 ...

#70. H2-antagonist.pdf - Singapore - National University Hospital

HISTAMINE2-RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS. Cimetidine. Famotidine. Ranitidine. ABOUT your medicine. The medication decreases the amount of acid produced in the ...

#71. Topical H2 Antagonist Prevents Periodontitis in a Rabbit Model

ABSTRACT Cimetidine is a powerful H2 receptor antagonist that eliminates histamine's effects on chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and superoxide anion production by ...

#72. Indigestion medicines | Health Information - Bupa UK

proton pump inhibitors; H2-blockers. These all act in different ways to either neutralise or block production of stomach acid. Antacids and alginates. You can ...

#73. Inhibition of Gastric Acid Secretion by H2 Receptor ... - PLOS

Six hundred and ninety-one patients incident on PD were scrutinized for an association among treatment with IGAS (H2 antagonists H2A or ...

#74. SAR of H2-receptor Antagonists - Antiulcer Agents

The H2-receptor antagonists were the result of the international modification of the histamine structure and deliberate search for a chemically related ...

#75. Anaphylaxis: Emergency treatment - UpToDate

Situations requiring caution · - Efficacy · - Glucagon for patients taking beta-blockers · Adjunctive agents · - H1 antihistamines · - H2 ...

#76. Metiamide (SK&F 92058) | Histamine Receptor Antagonist

Metiamide (SK&F 92058) is a histamine H2-receptor antagonist developed from another H2 antagonist, burimamide. - Mechanism of Action & Protocol.

#77. receptor antagonist (H RA) Shortages - medSask

H2 -receptor antagonist (H2RA) Shortages | May 25, 2020. BACKGROUND. Health Canada recalls1 and manufacturer supply disruptions may be causing shortages of ...

#78. Chemical structures of H2-receptor antagonists. - ResearchGate

H(2)-receptor antagonists, such as cimetidine, ranitidine and famotidine, are some of the most commonly prescribed medications for gastric acid-related ...

#79. H2 Blockers and PPI: Review of Cases causing Adverse Drug ...

binding with the enzyme H+ K+ ATPase and H2 Blockers are antihistaminics ... Keywords: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), H2 Blockers, Pharmacovigilance, ...

#80. Minimizing Risk of Mental Status Changes with H2 Blockers

For the past 35 years, histamine2 blockers (H2 blockers) have continued to ... nervous system (CNS) reactions were reported for this H2 blocker.

#81. Histamine H2-receptor antagonist (Paperback) - Walmart.com

Arrives by Fri, May 26 Buy Histamine H2-receptor antagonist (Paperback) at Walmart.com.

#82. Metiamide | ≥99%(HPLC) | Histamine H2-receptor antagonist

Metiamide is a histamine H2-receptor antagonist developed from another H2 antagonist, burimamide. It was an intermediate compound in the development of the ...

#83. H2 Blockers pharmacokinetics

t½ of 1-4 hours (depends on dose) · prescription doses maintain greater than 50% acid inhibition for 10 hours (i.e., twice daily dosing is ...

#84. Histamine H2-receptor antagonist: Renal clearance & urinary ...

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#85. 组胺H2受体拮抗剂/阻滞剂 - 药物性肝损伤专业网

组胺H2受体拮抗剂/阻滞剂(histamine type 2 receptor antagonists/blockers (H2 blockers) ). 【西药】. 暂无相关图片 概述. 概述. 简介.

#86. Ranitidine-a new H2-receptor antagonist - Gut

SUMMARY The pharmacokinetics and gastric antisecretory effects of a new histamine H2-receptor antagonist, ranitidine hydrochloride, have been investigated ...

#87. Histamine H2-Antagonist Ranitidine HCl 300 mg Film Coated ...

There are no reviews yet. Be the first to review “Histamine H2-Antagonist Ranitidine HCl 300 mg Film Coated Tablet Bottle 30 Tablets” ...

#88. Effect of the H2 receptor antagonist nizatidine on xerostomia ...

In Sjögren's syndrome (SS), oral dryness (xerostomia) is frequently the most bothersome symptom. An H2 histamine receptor antagonist is often administered ...

#89. effervescent histamine h 2 antagonist composition - Patentscope

A histamine H2 antagonist incompatible with acidic materials is incorporated in an effervescent composition and is stable therein provided the acidulant ...

#90. Lansoprazole: medicine to lower stomach acid - NHS

H2 blockers (histamine antagonists) reduce the amount of acid made in your stomach, but they do this in a different way to proton pump inhibitors. They include ...

#91. Histamine H2 Antagonist - ASIA Pharmaceutical Industries

Famodin 10, Famodin 20, Famodin Fort, Ranidin 150, Ranidin Fort,

#92. GI Pharmacology for Antacids and H2-Blockers - SimpleNursing

H2 Blockers. To prevent peptic ulcers from happening, and to bring down inflammation and protect the stomach lining or the GI tract, in general, ...

#93. Proton-Pump Inhibitors - Harvard Health Publications

Now the proton-pump inhibitor drugs (PPIs) have eclipsed the H2 blockers as the most commonly prescribed agents to reduce stomach acid.

#94. (PDF) Inverse agonism of histamine H2 antagonist accounts ...

agonist exposure, GPCR upregulation was hypothesized for inverse agonists (34). We found that the H2 antagonists Following the discovery of burimamide as a ...

#95. Pharmacokinetics of the H2- receptor antagonist ranitidine in ...

Bradshaw J, Brittain RT, Clitherow JW, Daly MJ, Jack D, Price BJ, Stables R. Ranitidine (AH 19065): a new potent, selective histamine H2-receptor antagonist ...

#96. H2 Antagonist Market Analysis 2023 including key players ...

Dec 16, 2022 (The Expresswire) -- Global “H2 Antagonist Market” report presents the market dynamics, latest developments, driving factors, ...

#97. Non-prescription Medicines - 第 163 頁 - Google 圖書結果

H2 antagonists suffer the disadvantage in relation to antacids that they do not ... an antacid and an H2 antagonist can be taken together; the action of H2 ...

#98. Comprehensive Reviews in Toxicology: For Emergency Clinicians

Clinical Indications A common indication for acute, short-term H2 antagonist use is prophylaxis against stress ulcerations. In addition, H2 antagonists have ...