【關於原創性】
University of St. Andrews的生物學教授Elena Miu與Luke Rendell研究Mathworks Software 舉辦的程式編碼競賽,從1998~2012年,共14年19場公開競賽,近2000位參賽者提供超過45000份原始碼。比賽雖是解決科學問題,但並不存在單一正確的解答。評審依據程式碼的簡潔性與可用性來評分。
所有的程式碼與評分均公開,因此新比賽的參加者可以參考前屆比賽的內容。
這兩位生物學教授將對此程式碼的文化演化(cultural evolution)發現於2018年6月發表在知名期刊Nature的子刊Nature Communication上:
1. 從比賽內容可以看出參賽者均嘗試在模仿與創新上取得平衡。
2. 三種比賽策略,分別是「複製者(copiers)」、「標新立異者(mavericks)」 與「務實者(pragmatists)」。
複製者幾乎複製前人較為成功的程式碼,僅嘗試細節微調;標新立異者則不管前人代碼,自己硬幹另闢蹊徑;務實者則是綜合二者,既參考前人成功代碼,也提出更多創意做較大幅度修改。
3. 其結果是務實者的平均分數遠高於其他二者。
4. 75%提交的程式碼幾乎都只是微調或細部修改前人之作。
5. 少數標新立異富含原創性的程式碼中,大部分都失敗,解決問題能力遠低於另二種策略。但少數中的少數原創程式碼卻真能取得革命性進步。
6. 這些極少數的成功原創代碼很快被複製者、務實者模仿並改進,代碼更為簡潔,處理問題成效更高。
----------------------
兩位學者的研究相信對於我們這些經營過事業的人來說非常貼合實際經驗。完全原創的解決方案九成比舊方案還不如,只有少數會成功。模仿與改進前人方案的作法永遠是成功率最高、風險最低的安全策略。
如知名科普作家Matt Ridley就主張人類的創意也是會交配與演化,在競爭之下適者生存。如今看來再複雜難懂的高科技,也都是從一點一點簡單的想法創意彼此交互影響演化出來,沒有人不是站在前人肩膀上。
即便大眾看來橫空出世的愛迪生發明電燈,事實上在當年也早有許多組人馬進行相關研究。例如英國的物理學家Joseph Swan就比愛迪生更早展示他發明的電燈泡(incandescent bulb),並嗣後與愛迪生發生法律糾紛,最終以雙方和解收場。(這邊專利從業人員不禁懷疑愛迪生電燈泡專利的新穎性何在?)
同時期俄羅斯的Alexander Lodygin也發明了電燈泡。事實上根據歷史學家Robert Friedel、 Paul Israel 與 Bernard Finn三人的研究,與愛迪生同時期至少有23組人也各自發明了電燈。
不客氣地說,即便愛迪生在發明電燈之前不幸逝世,這世界享用電燈的時程甚至不會被拖延到一丁點。
而這些人在燈絲製造工藝、玻璃製造工藝、發電與電流配置等等工藝上,也都是站在前人的發明上加以結合改進。與此同時,用電發光在當年甚至已經不是「原創」想法,只是還沒人找到如何工業化大量生產的低成本方案罷了。
更進一步,我們亦可指出現代生活可見的所有產品與服務,細拆其生產要素,無論有形無形,甚至包含到產品設計風格、畫風...等抽象元素,我們都找不到「真正的原創」。
為何?因為需求定律使然,為了能獲利,為了能提高商品服務賣出機率,供應者必然多尋求成功率最高的策略 -- 前述論文的務實者策略。
少部分供應者當然可以嘗試拉高原創性,但依然受到市場競爭的約束,造成9成以上冷門音樂永遠也不會成為大眾流行。
因此當某人哭么中國大陸某款熱賣遊戲只是模仿日本某款經典遊戲的畫風時而忽視遊戲內容有多麼不同時,我的看法只是某人的政治偏見在發作而已。如果光是模仿某經典遊戲畫風就能成功,為何市場並未充斥該種畫風呢?
參考文獻:
* Elena Miu, Ned Gulley, Kevin N. Laland & Luke Rendell, "Innovation and cumulative culture through tweaks and leaps in online programming contests." Nature Communication, June, 2018.
* Matt Ridley, "The Evolution of Everything." 2015.
* Robert Friedel & Paul Israel, With Bernard S. Finn. "Edison's Electric Light, Biography of an Invention." 1986
文章連結:
https://bit.ly/33LYmtT
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Fujifilm X-T4即將推出,美國訂價折合約HK$13,000,呢個價錢你deal唔deal先? 以下是漏出的規格:
Number of effective pixels 26.1 millions pixels
Image sensor
23.5mm x15.6mm (APS-C) X-Trans CMOS 4 with primary color filter.
Sensor Cleaning system Ultra Sonic Vibration
Storage media
SD memory card (-2GB) / SDHC memory card (-32GB) / SDXC memory card (-512GB) UHS-I / UHS-II / Video Speed Class V90
File Format
Still image JPEG: Exif Ver.2.3, RAW: 14bit RAW (RAF original format) TIFF: 8/16bit RGB
Number of Recorded Pixels
L: (3:2) 6240 x 4160 / (16:9) 6240 x 3512/ (1:1) 4160 x 4160 M: (3:2) 4416 x 2944/ (16:9) 4416 x 2488/ (1:1) 2944 x 2944 S: (3:2) 3120 x 2080 / (16:9) 3120 x 1760 / (1:1) 2080 x 2080
Movie
MOV (MPEG-4 AVC/H.264, HEVC/H.265, Audio: Linear PCM / Stereo sound 24bit / 48KHz sampling), MP4 (MPEG-4 AVC/H.264, Audio: AAC)
Sensitivity
Standard output sensitivity: AUTO1 / AUTO2 / AUTO3 (up to ISO12800) / ISO160-12800 (1/3 step)
Extended output sensitivity: ISO80/100/125/25600/51200
Exposure control
TTL 256-zone metering, Multi / Spot / Average / Center Weighted
Exposure Modes
P (Program AE) / A (Aperture Priority AE) / S (Shutter Speed Priority AE) / M (Manual Exposure)
Exposure compensation
-5.0EV – +5.0EV 1/3EV step
Movie recording
-2.0EV – +2.0EV
Image Stabilizer Mechanism
Image sensor shift mechanism with 5-axis compensation
Image Stabilizer Compensation Effect
Maximum 6.5 stops (based on CIPA standard. Pitch/yaw shake only. With XF35mmF1.4 R lens mounted.)
Digital Image Stabilizer
Yes (movie mode only)
IS Mode Boost
Yes (movie mode only)
Face / Eye detection AF
Yes
Shutter type
Focal Plane Shutter
Mechanical Shutter
P mode: 4sec. to 1/8000sec. A mode: 30sec. to 1/8000sec. S/M mode: 15min. to 1/8000sec. Bulb mode: up to 60min.
Electronic Shutter
P mode: 4sec. to 1/32000sec. A mode: 30sec. to 1/32000sec. S/M mode: 15min. to 1/32000sec. Bulb mode: 1sec. Fixed
Electronic Front Curtain Shutter
P mode: 4sec. to 1/8000sec. A mode: 30sec. to 1/8000sec. S/M mode: 15min. to 1/8000sec. Bulb mode: up to 60min.
Mechanical + Electronic Shutter
P mode: 4sec. to 1/32000sec. A mode: 30sec. to 1/32000sec. S/M mode: 15min. to 1/32000sec. Bulb mode: up to 60min.
E-Front + Mechanical Shutter
P mode: 4sec. to 1/8000sec. A mode: 30sec. to 1/8000sec. S/M mode: 15min. to 1/8000sec. Bulb mode: up to 60min
Electronic front curtain shutter works until 1/2000sec.
E-Front + Mechanical + Elec. Shutter
P mode: 4sec. to 1/32000sec. A mode: 30sec. to 1/32000sec. S/M mode: 15min. to 1/32000sec. Bulb mode: up to 60min.
Electronic front curtain shutter works until 1/2000sec, Mechanical shutter works until 1/8000sec.
Movie Shutter
FHD: 1/8000sec. to 1/4sec.
DCI4K/4K: 1/8000sec. to 1/24sec. (depends on the frame rate)
Synchronized shutter speed for flash
1/250sec. or slower
Continous Shooting
Approx. 30fps [Only electronic shutter, 1.25 x Crop ] (JPEG: 60 frames Lossless compressed RAW / Compressed RAW: 35 frames Uncompressed RAW: 33 frames)
Approx. 20fps [Only electronic shutter, 1.25 x Crop ] (JPEG: 114 frames Lossless compressed RAW / Compressed RAW: 37 frames Uncompressed RAW: 34 frames)
Approx. 10fps [Only electronic shutter, 1.25 x Crop ] (JPEG: 500 frames Lossless compressed RAW / Compressed RAW: 48 frames Uncompressed RAW: 39 frames)
Approx. 20fps [Only electronic shutter ] (JPEG: 79 frames Lossless compressed RAW / Compressed RAW: 36 frames Uncompressed RAW: 34 frames)
Approx. 15fps (JPEG: 110 frames Lossless compressed RAW / Compressed RAW: 38 frames Uncompressed RAW: 35 frames)
Approx. 10fps (JPEG: 164 frames Lossless compressed RAW / Compressed RAW: 44 frames Uncompressed RAW: 37 frames)
Approx. 8fps (JPEG: 200 frames Lossless compressed RAW / Compressed RAW: 49 frames Uncompressed RAW: 39 frames)
Pre-shot
Approx. 30fps [Only electronic shutter, 1.25 x Crop ] (max. 20 frames while half press, max. 20 frames after full press, total max. 40 frames) Pre-shot: Approx. 20fps [Only electronic shutter, 1.25 x Crop ] (max. 20 frames while half press, max. 37 frames after full press, total max. 57 frames) Pre-shot: Approx. 10fps [Only electronic shutter, 1.25 x Crop ] (max. 10 frames while half press, max. 300 frames after full press, total max. 310 frames)
Auto Bracketing
AE Bracketing (Frames: 2, 3, 5, 7, 9 Step: by 1/3EV step, up to +/-3EV steps) Filmsimulation bracketing (Any 3 types of film simulation selectable)
Dynamic Range Bracketing (100%, 200%, 400%)
ISO sensitivity Bracketing ( +/-1/3EV, +/-2/3EV, +/-1EV)
White Balance Bracketing ( +/-1, +/-2, +/-3)
Focus Bracketing (AUTO, MANUAL)
Focus Mode
Single AF / Continuous AF / MF
Focus Type
Intelligent Hybrid AF (TTL contrast AF / TTL phase detection AF)
Focu Low-Light Performance
Contrast: -3.0EV Phase Detection: -6.0EV (XF35mmF1.4 attached)
Focus AF Frame Selection
Single point AF: EVF / LCD: 13×9 / 25×17 (Changeable size of AF frame) Zone AF: 3×3 / 5×5 / 7×7 from 91 areas on 13×9 grid
Wide/Tracking AF, AF-S: Wide / AF-C: Tracking All
White Balance
Auto (WHITE PRIORITY, AUTO, AMBIENCE PRIORITY), / Custom1-3 / Color temperature selection (2500K-10000K) / Preset: Fine, Shade, Fluorescent light (Daylight), Fluorescent light (Warm White), Fluorescent light (Cool White), Incandescent light, Underwater
Self-timer
10sec. / 2sec.
Interval Timer Shooting
Yes (Setting: Interval, Number of shots, Starting time)
Flash Sync Mode
1ST CURTAIN / 2ND CURTAIN / AUTO FP(HSS) (excl. EF-X8)
Flash Mode
TTL (TTL AUTO (P mode) / STANDARD / SLOW SYNC. ) / MANUAL / COMMANDER / OFF (When EF-X8 is set)
TTL (TTL AUTO (P mode) / STANDARD / SLOW SYNC. ) / MANUAL / MULTI / OFF (When SHOE MOUNT FLASH is set)
Hot Shoe
Yes (Dedicated TTL Flash compatible)
Viewfinder
0.5 inch approx. 3.69 millions dots OLED Color Viewfinder
Coverage of viewing area vs. capturing area: approx. 100%
Eyepoint: approx. 23mm (from the eyepiece lens)
Diopter adjustment: -4-+2m-1 (lockable)
Magnification: 0.75 x with 50mm lens (35mm equivalent) at infinity and diopter set to -1m-1
Diagonal angle of view: approx. 38 Degree (Horizontal angle of view: approx. 30 Degree )
Built-in eye sensor
LCD monitor
3.0 inch, aspect ratio 3:2, approx. 1.62 millions dots touch screen color LCD monitor (approx. 100% coverage)
Movie Recording File Format
MOV (MPEG-4 AVC/H.264, HEVC/H.265, Audio: Linear PCM / Stereo sound 24bit / 48KHz sampling)
MP4 (MPEG-4 AVC/H.264, Audio: AAC)
Movie Recording Compression
All Intra/Long-GOP
DCI4K/4K 29.97p/25p/24p/23.98p 400Mbps Full HD (2048 x1080)/ Full HD (1920 x1080) 59.94p/50p/29.97p/25p/24p/23.98p 200Mbps
Movie File Size/Frame Rate/Rec. Time
[DCI 4K (4096 x2160)]59.94p/50p/29.97p/25p/24p/23.98p 400Mbps/200Mbps/100Mbps 59.94p/50p: up to approx. 20min. 29.97p/25p/24p/23.98p: up to approx. 30min
[4K (3840 x2160)]59.94p/50p/29.97p/25p/24p/23.98p 400Mbps/200Mbps/100Mbps 59.94p/50p: up to approx. 20min. 29.97p/25p/24p/23.98p: up to approx. 30min
[Full HD (2048 x1080)] 59.94p/50p/29.97p/25p/24p/23.98p 200Mbps/100Mbps/50Mbps up to approx. 30min.
[Full HD (1920 x1080)] 59.94p/50p/29.97p/25p/24p/23.98p 200Mbps/100Mbps/50Mbps up to approx. 30min.
[Full HD (1920 x1080) High speed rec.] 240p / 200p 200Mbps(recording) up to approx. 3min. 120p / 100p 200Mbps(recording) up to approx. 6min.Film Simulation mode
18 modes (PROVIA/Standard, Velvia/Vivid, ASTIA/Soft, Classic Chrome, PRO Neg.Hi, PRO Neg.Std, Black & White, Black & White+Ye Filter, Black & White+R Filter, Black & White+G Filter, Sepia, ACROS, ACROS+Ye Filter, ACROS+R Filter, ACROS+G Filter, ETERNA/Cinema, Classic Neg, ETERNA BLEACH BYPASS) Monochromatic ColorClarity Setting
+/-5 steps
HDR Mode
AUTO, 200%, 400%, 800%, 800% +
Grain Effect
Roughness: STRONG, WEAK, OFF Size: LARGE, SMALL
Color Chrome Effect STRONG, WEAK, OFF
Color Chrom Effect Blue STRONG, WEAK, OFF
Dynamic Range Setting Still
AUTO, 100%, 200%, 400%
ISO restriction (DR100%: No limit, DR200%: ISO320 or more, DR400%: ISO640 or more)
Dynamic Range Setting Movie
100%, 200%, 400%
ISO restriction (DR100%: No limit, DR200%: ISO320 or more, DR400%: ISO640 or more)
Advanced Filter
Toy camera, Miniature, Pop color, High-key, Low-key, Dynamic tone, Soft focus, Partial color (Red / Orange / Yellow / Green / Blue / Purple)
Wireless Transmitter Standard
IEEE802.11b/g/n (standard wireless protocol)
Wireless Transmitter Encryption
WEP / WPA / WPA2 mixed mode
Wireless Encryption Access mode Infrastructure
Bluetooth Standard
Bluetooth Ver 4.2 (Bluetooth low energy)
Bluetooth Operating frequency
2402 – 2480MHz (Center frequency)
Terminal
Digital interface: USB Type-C (USB3.2 Gen1x1)
HDMI output: HDMI micro connector (Type D)
Other: 3.5mm, stereo mini connector (Microphone) / 2.5mm, Remote Release Connector, Hot shoe, Synchronized terminal
Power supply
NP-W235 Li-ion battery (included)
Battery life for still images
Approx. 600 frames (Economy Mode), approx. 500 frames (Normal Mode) When XF35mmF1.4 R is set.
Actual battery life of movie capture Face detection is set to OFF
[4K] approx. 85min. (29.97p) [Full HD] approx. 95min. (59.94p)
Continuance battery life
Face detection is set to OFF
[4K] approx. 110min. (29.97p)
[Full HD] approx. 130min. (59.94p) (movie capture)
Operating Temerature
-10 Degree C-+40 Degree C
Operating Humidity
10%-80% (no condensation)
Battery
Li-ion battery NP-W235
Starting up period Approx. 0.39sec.
Dimensions (D x W x H)
63.8 x 134.6 x 92.8 mm
Weight
Approx. 607g (including battery and SD memory card) Approx. 526g (excluding battery and SD memory card)
incandescent light bulb 在 Photonews 攝影日報 Facebook 的最佳貼文
Fujifilm X-T4即將推出,美國訂價折合約HK$13,000,呢個價錢你deal唔deal先? 以下是漏出的規格:
Number of effective pixels 26.1 millions pixels
Image sensor
23.5mm x15.6mm (APS-C) X-Trans CMOS 4 with primary color filter.
Sensor Cleaning system Ultra Sonic Vibration
Storage media
SD memory card (-2GB) / SDHC memory card (-32GB) / SDXC memory card (-512GB) UHS-I / UHS-II / Video Speed Class V90
File Format
Still image JPEG: Exif Ver.2.3, RAW: 14bit RAW (RAF original format) TIFF: 8/16bit RGB
Number of Recorded Pixels
L: (3:2) 6240 x 4160 / (16:9) 6240 x 3512/ (1:1) 4160 x 4160 M: (3:2) 4416 x 2944/ (16:9) 4416 x 2488/ (1:1) 2944 x 2944 S: (3:2) 3120 x 2080 / (16:9) 3120 x 1760 / (1:1) 2080 x 2080
Movie
MOV (MPEG-4 AVC/H.264, HEVC/H.265, Audio: Linear PCM / Stereo sound 24bit / 48KHz sampling), MP4 (MPEG-4 AVC/H.264, Audio: AAC)
Sensitivity
Standard output sensitivity: AUTO1 / AUTO2 / AUTO3 (up to ISO12800) / ISO160-12800 (1/3 step)
Extended output sensitivity: ISO80/100/125/25600/51200
Exposure control
TTL 256-zone metering, Multi / Spot / Average / Center Weighted
Exposure Modes
P (Program AE) / A (Aperture Priority AE) / S (Shutter Speed Priority AE) / M (Manual Exposure)
Exposure compensation
-5.0EV – +5.0EV 1/3EV step
Movie recording
-2.0EV – +2.0EV
Image Stabilizer Mechanism
Image sensor shift mechanism with 5-axis compensation
Image Stabilizer Compensation Effect
Maximum 6.5 stops (based on CIPA standard. Pitch/yaw shake only. With XF35mmF1.4 R lens mounted.)
Digital Image Stabilizer
Yes (movie mode only)
IS Mode Boost
Yes (movie mode only)
Face / Eye detection AF
Yes
Shutter type
Focal Plane Shutter
Mechanical Shutter
P mode: 4sec. to 1/8000sec. A mode: 30sec. to 1/8000sec. S/M mode: 15min. to 1/8000sec. Bulb mode: up to 60min.
Electronic Shutter
P mode: 4sec. to 1/32000sec. A mode: 30sec. to 1/32000sec. S/M mode: 15min. to 1/32000sec. Bulb mode: 1sec. Fixed
Electronic Front Curtain Shutter
P mode: 4sec. to 1/8000sec. A mode: 30sec. to 1/8000sec. S/M mode: 15min. to 1/8000sec. Bulb mode: up to 60min.
Mechanical + Electronic Shutter
P mode: 4sec. to 1/32000sec. A mode: 30sec. to 1/32000sec. S/M mode: 15min. to 1/32000sec. Bulb mode: up to 60min.
E-Front + Mechanical Shutter
P mode: 4sec. to 1/8000sec. A mode: 30sec. to 1/8000sec. S/M mode: 15min. to 1/8000sec. Bulb mode: up to 60min
Electronic front curtain shutter works until 1/2000sec.
E-Front + Mechanical + Elec. Shutter
P mode: 4sec. to 1/32000sec. A mode: 30sec. to 1/32000sec. S/M mode: 15min. to 1/32000sec. Bulb mode: up to 60min.
Electronic front curtain shutter works until 1/2000sec, Mechanical shutter works until 1/8000sec.
Movie Shutter
FHD: 1/8000sec. to 1/4sec.
DCI4K/4K: 1/8000sec. to 1/24sec. (depends on the frame rate)
Synchronized shutter speed for flash
1/250sec. or slower
Continous Shooting
Approx. 30fps [Only electronic shutter, 1.25 x Crop ] (JPEG: 60 frames Lossless compressed RAW / Compressed RAW: 35 frames Uncompressed RAW: 33 frames)
Approx. 20fps [Only electronic shutter, 1.25 x Crop ] (JPEG: 114 frames Lossless compressed RAW / Compressed RAW: 37 frames Uncompressed RAW: 34 frames)
Approx. 10fps [Only electronic shutter, 1.25 x Crop ] (JPEG: 500 frames Lossless compressed RAW / Compressed RAW: 48 frames Uncompressed RAW: 39 frames)
Approx. 20fps [Only electronic shutter ] (JPEG: 79 frames Lossless compressed RAW / Compressed RAW: 36 frames Uncompressed RAW: 34 frames)
Approx. 15fps (JPEG: 110 frames Lossless compressed RAW / Compressed RAW: 38 frames Uncompressed RAW: 35 frames)
Approx. 10fps (JPEG: 164 frames Lossless compressed RAW / Compressed RAW: 44 frames Uncompressed RAW: 37 frames)
Approx. 8fps (JPEG: 200 frames Lossless compressed RAW / Compressed RAW: 49 frames Uncompressed RAW: 39 frames)
Pre-shot
Approx. 30fps [Only electronic shutter, 1.25 x Crop ] (max. 20 frames while half press, max. 20 frames after full press, total max. 40 frames) Pre-shot: Approx. 20fps [Only electronic shutter, 1.25 x Crop ] (max. 20 frames while half press, max. 37 frames after full press, total max. 57 frames) Pre-shot: Approx. 10fps [Only electronic shutter, 1.25 x Crop ] (max. 10 frames while half press, max. 300 frames after full press, total max. 310 frames)
Auto Bracketing
AE Bracketing (Frames: 2, 3, 5, 7, 9 Step: by 1/3EV step, up to +/-3EV steps) Filmsimulation bracketing (Any 3 types of film simulation selectable)
Dynamic Range Bracketing (100%, 200%, 400%)
ISO sensitivity Bracketing ( +/-1/3EV, +/-2/3EV, +/-1EV)
White Balance Bracketing ( +/-1, +/-2, +/-3)
Focus Bracketing (AUTO, MANUAL)
Focus Mode
Single AF / Continuous AF / MF
Focus Type
Intelligent Hybrid AF (TTL contrast AF / TTL phase detection AF)
Focu Low-Light Performance
Contrast: -3.0EV Phase Detection: -6.0EV (XF35mmF1.4 attached)
Focus AF Frame Selection
Single point AF: EVF / LCD: 13×9 / 25×17 (Changeable size of AF frame) Zone AF: 3×3 / 5×5 / 7×7 from 91 areas on 13×9 grid
Wide/Tracking AF, AF-S: Wide / AF-C: Tracking All
White Balance
Auto (WHITE PRIORITY, AUTO, AMBIENCE PRIORITY), / Custom1-3 / Color temperature selection (2500K-10000K) / Preset: Fine, Shade, Fluorescent light (Daylight), Fluorescent light (Warm White), Fluorescent light (Cool White), Incandescent light, Underwater
Self-timer
10sec. / 2sec.
Interval Timer Shooting
Yes (Setting: Interval, Number of shots, Starting time)
Flash Sync Mode
1ST CURTAIN / 2ND CURTAIN / AUTO FP(HSS) (excl. EF-X8)
Flash Mode
TTL (TTL AUTO (P mode) / STANDARD / SLOW SYNC. ) / MANUAL / COMMANDER / OFF (When EF-X8 is set)
TTL (TTL AUTO (P mode) / STANDARD / SLOW SYNC. ) / MANUAL / MULTI / OFF (When SHOE MOUNT FLASH is set)
Hot Shoe
Yes (Dedicated TTL Flash compatible)
Viewfinder
0.5 inch approx. 3.69 millions dots OLED Color Viewfinder
Coverage of viewing area vs. capturing area: approx. 100%
Eyepoint: approx. 23mm (from the eyepiece lens)
Diopter adjustment: -4-+2m-1 (lockable)
Magnification: 0.75 x with 50mm lens (35mm equivalent) at infinity and diopter set to -1m-1
Diagonal angle of view: approx. 38 Degree (Horizontal angle of view: approx. 30 Degree )
Built-in eye sensor
LCD monitor
3.0 inch, aspect ratio 3:2, approx. 1.62 millions dots touch screen color LCD monitor (approx. 100% coverage)
Movie Recording File Format
MOV (MPEG-4 AVC/H.264, HEVC/H.265, Audio: Linear PCM / Stereo sound 24bit / 48KHz sampling)
MP4 (MPEG-4 AVC/H.264, Audio: AAC)
Movie Recording Compression
All Intra/Long-GOP
DCI4K/4K 29.97p/25p/24p/23.98p 400Mbps Full HD (2048 x1080)/ Full HD (1920 x1080) 59.94p/50p/29.97p/25p/24p/23.98p 200Mbps
Movie File Size/Frame Rate/Rec. Time
[DCI 4K (4096 x2160)]59.94p/50p/29.97p/25p/24p/23.98p 400Mbps/200Mbps/100Mbps 59.94p/50p: up to approx. 20min. 29.97p/25p/24p/23.98p: up to approx. 30min
[4K (3840 x2160)]59.94p/50p/29.97p/25p/24p/23.98p 400Mbps/200Mbps/100Mbps 59.94p/50p: up to approx. 20min. 29.97p/25p/24p/23.98p: up to approx. 30min
[Full HD (2048 x1080)] 59.94p/50p/29.97p/25p/24p/23.98p 200Mbps/100Mbps/50Mbps up to approx. 30min.
[Full HD (1920 x1080)] 59.94p/50p/29.97p/25p/24p/23.98p 200Mbps/100Mbps/50Mbps up to approx. 30min.
[Full HD (1920 x1080) High speed rec.] 240p / 200p 200Mbps(recording) up to approx. 3min. 120p / 100p 200Mbps(recording) up to approx. 6min.Film Simulation mode
18 modes (PROVIA/Standard, Velvia/Vivid, ASTIA/Soft, Classic Chrome, PRO Neg.Hi, PRO Neg.Std, Black & White, Black & White+Ye Filter, Black & White+R Filter, Black & White+G Filter, Sepia, ACROS, ACROS+Ye Filter, ACROS+R Filter, ACROS+G Filter, ETERNA/Cinema, Classic Neg, ETERNA BLEACH BYPASS) Monochromatic ColorClarity Setting
+/-5 steps
HDR Mode
AUTO, 200%, 400%, 800%, 800% +
Grain Effect
Roughness: STRONG, WEAK, OFF Size: LARGE, SMALL
Color Chrome Effect STRONG, WEAK, OFF
Color Chrom Effect Blue STRONG, WEAK, OFF
Dynamic Range Setting Still
AUTO, 100%, 200%, 400%
ISO restriction (DR100%: No limit, DR200%: ISO320 or more, DR400%: ISO640 or more)
Dynamic Range Setting Movie
100%, 200%, 400%
ISO restriction (DR100%: No limit, DR200%: ISO320 or more, DR400%: ISO640 or more)
Advanced Filter
Toy camera, Miniature, Pop color, High-key, Low-key, Dynamic tone, Soft focus, Partial color (Red / Orange / Yellow / Green / Blue / Purple)
Wireless Transmitter Standard
IEEE802.11b/g/n (standard wireless protocol)
Wireless Transmitter Encryption
WEP / WPA / WPA2 mixed mode
Wireless Encryption Access mode Infrastructure
Bluetooth Standard
Bluetooth Ver 4.2 (Bluetooth low energy)
Bluetooth Operating frequency
2402 – 2480MHz (Center frequency)
Terminal
Digital interface: USB Type-C (USB3.2 Gen1x1)
HDMI output: HDMI micro connector (Type D)
Other: 3.5mm, stereo mini connector (Microphone) / 2.5mm, Remote Release Connector, Hot shoe, Synchronized terminal
Power supply
NP-W235 Li-ion battery (included)
Battery life for still images
Approx. 600 frames (Economy Mode), approx. 500 frames (Normal Mode) When XF35mmF1.4 R is set.
Actual battery life of movie capture Face detection is set to OFF
[4K] approx. 85min. (29.97p) [Full HD] approx. 95min. (59.94p)
Continuance battery life
Face detection is set to OFF
[4K] approx. 110min. (29.97p)
[Full HD] approx. 130min. (59.94p) (movie capture)
Operating Temerature
-10 Degree C-+40 Degree C
Operating Humidity
10%-80% (no condensation)
Battery
Li-ion battery NP-W235
Starting up period Approx. 0.39sec.
Dimensions (D x W x H)
63.8 x 134.6 x 92.8 mm
Weight
Approx. 607g (including battery and SD memory card) Approx. 526g (excluding battery and SD memory card)
incandescent light bulb 在 C CHANNEL Youtube 的最讚貼文
和風ハロウィン!? ジャック・オー・ランタン提灯
ハロウィンの時期がやってきました!!
今年は、手作りして一味違うランタンを楽しんでみませんか?
【用意するもの】
・硬めのワイヤー
・テープ
・グルーガン
・ヒノキ棒 (幅:5mm、長さ:20mm) x8
・手芸用テグス
・両面テープ
・和紙 オレンジ
・ハサミ
・画用紙 黒
・耐熱グラス
・LEDの光源 (白熱電球等熱を発する光源の使用は火災の原因になるのでお控えください)
【作り方】
1. ワイヤーを輪っか状にして、テープで留めた物を2つ作る。
2. ヒノキ棒をグルーガンでワイヤーのリングに接着する。8本を等間隔でとりつけ、筒状にする。
3. 縦に立たせた2の上のワイヤーにテグスを結び、もう一方のワイヤーの下をくぐらせる。
4. ヒノキ棒が折れないように注意しながら上から押し付けてたわませる。任意の高さになったら、テグスの端を最初の結び目の反対側にくくりつける固定する。余分なテグスは切る。
5. ヒノキ棒の外側に両面テープを貼り付ける。
6. 和紙をシワにならないように貼り、余分な部分を切り落とす。これを全ての面で繰り返す。
7. 目・鼻・口。それぞれの形に切り取った紙を提灯に貼りつける。
8. 上の穴からグラスを入れ、中にLED光源を入れて完成。
和紙の色や顔の表情を変えて、いろんなジャック・オー・ランタンが作れそう!!
Japanese-style Halloween!? DIY Jack O Lantern!
[Things to prepare]
・ Hard wire
・tape
・ Glue Gun
・ Hinoki (cypress) stick (width: 5mm, length: 20mm) x8
・ Handicraft Tegs
・Double-sided tape
・ Japanese paper orange
・ Scissors
・ Paper (black)
・ Heat resistant glass
・ LED light source (Please refrain from using a light source that emits heat, such as an incandescent bulb, as it may cause a fire)
[Steps]
1. Make two loops of wire and tape them together.
2. Glue the cypress stick to the wire ring with the glue gun. Attach 8 pieces at regular intervals to form a cylinder.
3. Tie the tegs to the upright wire above and pass under the other wire.
4. Be careful not to break the cypress sticks. When the desired height is reached, secure the end of the Tegs to the opposite side of the first knot. Cut off the extra Tegs.
5. Apply double-sided tape to the outside of the cypress stick.
6. Paste the Japanese paper so that it does not wrinkle, and cut off the excess part. Repeat this for all sides.
7. Add Eyes, nose and mouth. Paste the paper cut into each shape on the lantern.
8. Put the glass through the top hole and put the LED light source inside.
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https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCVJXV2OYinS6cgt9qHyLqcg
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https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC5UNFF7OiHNBxzn0tN-ZMzA
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incandescent light bulb 在 #ミニマリストライフ Youtube 的最佳貼文
http://youtube.com/dougakaihou/
My Channel 私のチャンネルです 動画解放軍
http://www.amazon.co.jp/o/asin/B00Q78T2M6/jihei-22/
商品の購入はこちらから
電球の発明というと植木等の「日本一のホラ吹き男」で登場した「冷暖電球」を思い出します。 しかし、電球が発明されて以降、現実には画期的は発明が無いことは確かです。
この電球はBluetoothでスマホと通信し、好きな明るさと色を設定できます。 食事中、読書中、リフレッシュ中等によって色を変える事が可能です。
ディスコモードに設定すると、スマホのマイクで受信した音に合わせて電球の色が変化します。 音楽を聞いている時やパーティー、カラオケの時に雰囲気を盛り上げます。
店舗に気軽に調光を取り付けることも可能です。 一台のスマホから10台までの電球を制御できるので、特別な配線をするより安上がりだと考えます。
https://www.youtube.com/watch?list=UURwqTcUh7jMWqFjSYH3JHow&v=mAW4wW2Wt6w
動作時の長い動画はこちらから
Satechi® サテチ IQ レインボー スマート LED電球 Bluetooth 4.0 8ワット(50W相当) (iPhone 6 Plus/6/5S/5C, iPod Touch 5G/4G, iPad Air 2/Air/Mini/3/2/1)
英語版Amazon
http://www.amazon.com/dp/B00Q78T2M6
Satechi®-Spectrum-Bluetooth-Replacement-Lightbulb
Satechi® IQ Spectrum Bulb Bluetooth 4.0 RGBW Smart 8 Watt (Replacement for 50W) LED Lightbulb for iPhone 6 Plus/6/5S/5C, iPod Touch 5G/4G, iPad Air 2/Air/Mini/3/2/1
使っている機材リスト
http://dkg.pw/kizai.html
動画解放軍公式Web
http://dkg.pw/
incandescent light bulb 在 H0MOraisu Youtube 的精選貼文
1080p60fps対応,
著作権のある音楽が含まれているため、広告が強制的にはいるかもしれないです
※虫が苦手な方は要注意
ゲームというよりは、芸術作品っぽいですね
ゲーム生放送もよろしくお願いします(youtubeではやらないゲームもやってます)
・twitch
http://www.twitch.tv/h0moraisu/profile
・ニコニコ生放送
http://com.nicovideo.jp/community/co2400698
・ツイッター(動画の告知などはここから)
https://twitter.com/Kuwai_official
incandescent light bulb 在 Incandescent light bulb - Wikipedia 的相關結果
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