關於 journal of family studies ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

【每日國際選讀】
#文末挑戰多益選擇題📝
真心話大冒險
手機發文，更容易顯真意？

開啟「接收通知」和「搶先看」每天吸收雙語時事新知
來讀華爾街日報獨家

Why People Are More Honest When Writing on Their Smartphones
為何人們用手機發文更容易說真話？


📱One researcher who studies marketing and the psychology of smartphone use says that consumers tend to convey more personal thoughts on their devices. On our smartphones, we are quick to reveal private emotions and highly personal experiences to faceless strangers.
研究智慧型手機的市場及心理學的研究員表示，消費者在行動裝置上更容易傳達個人想法。我們用智慧機時，會很快對素未謀面的陌生人透露私密的情感與極為個人的經驗。

-convey: 傳達、表達
-reveal: 揭示、透露、展現
-device: 裝置、設備
✍️內文是指電子裝置electronic devices或行動裝置mobile devices的簡稱
✍️片語「Left to your own devices.」是指靠自己獨立解決問題、或是自娛


💻Building on her earlier research that equated smartphones with adult pacifiers, Shiri Melumad, an assistant professor of marketing at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, set out to determine why we express ourselves in a more intimate, personal style on our smartphones than on our personal computers—and how marketers can harness this behavior.
賓州大學華頓商學院的市場營銷助理教授，雪莉梅魯瑪，以她過去將智慧型手機比擬成人奶嘴的研究為基礎，著手研究為什麼跟個人電腦相比，人們在智慧型手機上的自我表達方式更為私密與個人化，以及行銷人員能如何利用這種行為。

-equate: 等同
-set out: 開始、著手、出發
-intimate: 親密、關係密切的
-harness: 控制、利用


👩‍💼In research published in March in the Journal of Marketing, Dr. Melumad conducted three field studies and two controlled experiments. One study looked at nearly 300,000 Twitter posts created in a 12-hour span. Tweets written on phones contained 47% more first-person pronouns and 52% more references to family than those written on PCs, she found.
3月時發表於《市場行銷期刊》的一項研究中，梅魯瑪博士進行了三個實地研究與兩個對照實驗。其中一個研究檢視了12小時內發布的近30萬條推文，發現用手機發的推文跟電腦相比，第一人稱代詞多了47% ，提及家庭的比率高出52%。

-conduct: 進行、實施、處理
-span: 一段時間、長度，例如short attention span短暫的注意力持續時間
-reference: 提到、論及、參考，例如making reference to Taiwan.


未完待續...
造成此現象的原因是什麼呢？
加入文末每日國際選讀計畫，解鎖完整語音導讀版

——
原文連結請看留言
——

❓❓多益模擬題❓:
Consumers tend to ＿＿ feelings or thoughts that are more private or ＿＿ on their smartphones.
消費者傾向於智慧型手機上傳達更私人或親密的感受及想法。
🙋🏻‍♀️🙋🏼‍♀️
A. pass / personal
B. convey / intimate
C. conduct / intimate
-
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華爾街日報訂閱超值方案 📰
專屬 #臉書社團，浩爾 #每日語音導讀
「留言+1」，就送你 #優惠碼 及 #導讀試聽！

夫妻不和，家庭不和，受害的是誰？大家都答得出：「孩子。」但這個答案，卻在幾年前，出現了一個驚人的「新方向」───

美國亞利桑納州大心理學家Keith Crnic及團隊出了一篇研究，刊在《Journal of Child and Family Studies》學術期刊，他們找來210個家中有「3歲」的幼子或幼女的年輕夫妻，直接問老公和老婆，對彼此的「敵意程度」，然後再透過長達兩年以上的自然家庭訪問（naturalistic home observations），親眼觀察這210對年輕夫妻的幼子幼女，從3歲（一開始）到4歲（一年後）然後5歲（兩年後），對父母的感受的變化。單單想像這些，就可以看到這研究真的非常棒，量夠，深度也夠，很值得參考，果然，還真的被他們觀察出一個震撼的結論────

震撼什麼？學者觀察的這些子女中，有122位是「兒子」，剩下88位是「女兒」，結果，學者發現，當老婆對老公有「單向敵意」（而不是相反過來）時，對子女的影響最大，尤其是「兒子」，在短短的兩年內，小朋友從3歲長到5歲，對爸爸的印象「急速摔落」，小小年紀也跟著開始對父親有敵意，而女兒這邊，並沒有特別的變化。反過來，當老公對老婆有敵意時，並不會影響母子母女、父子父女任何關係。最特別的是，這122對夫妻本身之間的敵意，才過兩年，並沒有特別的變「糟」，但，「父子關係」卻明顯因為媽媽對爸爸的「單向敵意」，而孩子5歲前就已經急促掉下。

這研究的重點在，一般認為，孩子對爸爸或媽媽不喜歡，是因為爸爸媽媽「對孩子不好」；但這篇研究卻證實，一個爸爸，只要被他的老婆「單向敵意」，就可以讓父子關係「損毀」，而且在孩子5歲前，孩子都還沒有記憶的時候，就已經先對父親起了莫名其妙的「反感」，這對這個爸爸來講，是非常的「不公平」的────意即連「表現的機會」都還沒開始，就已經被「衝康」（詆毀）了，難怪當一個現代爸爸，非常辛苦的，當母親天生就是被愛，父親卻容易「被恨」────被恨的過程中，還得努力工作且獨力承擔最困難的家中財政，終於做到退休，平均壽命也不會比女性長。

最慘的是，照這個研究來看，才生子短短三年就被老婆有「單向敵意」，社會一定還是「罵那個老公」，你怎麼會讓老婆恨你呢？那是你自己的問題好嗎？殊不知，單向敵意有很多原因，其中有不少是恨人者自己有問題，才會「單向敵意」；才生子三年就開始有敵意，表示婚前可能也沒有非常喜歡這個老公。

因此，此研究或許也是在教大家，遇見一個真正喜歡你的老婆，再談婚姻，真的蠻重要的───不然，短短幾個年，就足夠讓一個男子的一生，從一個自由自在的未來青年，突然變成一個莫名揹上終生沉重「婚債」的可憐爸爸了。

繼續閱讀下半段：https://mr6.life/…/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%A1%AF%E7%A4%BA%EF…/

【美國國會「香港主權移交二十週年」聽證會發言全文】
（Scroll down for Joshua Wong’s testimony at U.S. Congressional hearing）

你可能知道香港的政治方針為「一國兩制」，但它現時已倒退為「一國1.5制」，未來更可能惡化成「一國一制」。我在97年回歸前不足一年出生，現時20歲，香港政府正準備慶祝香港回歸20周年，7月1日會是國家主席習近平首次訪港。

近日政府已進行大規模政治拘捕，同時亦繼續試圖取消多名民主派立法會議員資格，包括在去年以23歲之齡，在立法會選舉當選成最年輕立法會議員的傘運學生領袖羅冠聰。我對香港在雨傘運動後仍距離落實民主很遠感到不幸，這亦是我希望爭取更多國際層面支持的原因。

我很高興看到美國共和民參議員魯比奧（Marco Rubio）重提香港人權與民主法案（Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act of 2017），美國跨黨派都支持該法案，反映保障香港自由和自治，應該是不同政治光譜的共識。法案保障香港參加非暴力集會的人士，不應因有判罪紀錄而遭美國拒發簽證。

另一位傘運學生領袖周永康在去年7月因被判參與非法集會，被判監三星期和緩刑一年後，由於其案底，他在準備赴倫敦修讀碩士學位，申請英國學生簽證時遭到明顯困難。他近日已獲美國加州大學柏克萊分校（UC Berkeley）接受為研究生，意味他將會申請美國學生簽證，認為法案對周永康這類學生十分重要，能減少他們申請進入其他自由國家時的困難。

我早前應邀到泰國一大學交流時，曾被拒入境及拘留12小時，我當時要求聯絡律師及香港家人，但均遭拒絕，我擔心成下一個桂民海，幸好最好我獲釋放，但泰國當局稱在中國要求下，我將永久被禁止踏足泰國。

法案一旦通過，將能將人權和自由放在美國對港政策的中心，亦會向北京政府發出強大訊息，美國相信保障香港的政治自由，與保障香港的經濟自由同樣重要，這亦符合現有85000公民和1400間公司在香港的美國利益。大部分美國傳媒包括CNN、華爾街日報及時代雜誌都將他們的亞洲辦公室設在香港，顯示香港仍是中國中最自由的地區。

我希望美國共和、民主兩黨能合作去保障他們都認同的基本人權價值，香港人亦會繼續向中共政權爭取民主，並行使自決的權利。我6年前開始爭取民主，我當時14歲，香港民主之父李柱銘經歷40年的爭取，今年將已79歲，我好奇當我79歲時，是否已看到民主的來臨？

民主是普世價值，應在任何地方都被維護及推廣，我們這一代的宏願，是確保香港繼續作為中國及世界的人權及自由指標。

專制政權今日主導我們的未來，但那一天終會有民主到來，讓我們決定香港未來。無論民主運動如何發展，我們會使民主屬於我們的，因為這是我們的時代。

--------------------------------------------------------------

Joshua Wong’s testimony at U.S. Congressional hearing

You may have known about Hong Kong’s political arrangement as “One Country, Two Systems.” But it has now become “One Country, One-and-a-Half Systems,” and potentially “One Country, One System” in the future if conditions continue to worsen.

I was born less than a year before the handover of Hong Kong from the U.K. to China in 1997. I am 20 years old now. At the same time, the Hong Kong government is preparing its 20th handover anniversary celebration. July 1 will be the first time Xi Jinping visits Hong Kong as the Chinese President.

To pave the way for that, we now face massive political prosecution, while the government intends to disqualify democratically-elected lawmakers in the opposition camp, including the core Umbrella Movement student leader Nathan Law, who was elected last year as the youngest ever legislator at age 23. Unfortunately, Hong Kong remains far from a democracy after the Umbrella Movement.

Some people may think it is failure because we can’t achieve the goal of universal suffrage but I am here to tell you today that we the spirit of the movement is in the heart of Hong Kong people. That’s why I have been trying to gather more support at the international level by strengthening our collaboration around the world.

I am glad to see the reintroduction of the Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act by Senators Rubio, Cotton and Cardin. Bipartisan support for the bill proves that protecting Hong Kong’s freedoms and autonomy can be—and ought to be—a consensus across the political spectrum. The legislation ensures those who have participated in non-violent assembly in Hong Kong would not be denied American visas on the basis of their criminal records.

Alex Chow, who is in the audience this morning, is another core Umbrella Movement student leader. He was found guilty last July for participating in unlawful assembly, sentenced to three weeks of imprisonment with one year of suspension. Because of Alex’s criminal record, he has faced significant barrier in obtaining a British student visa last year for his master’s studies in London. He was recently accepted for Ph.D. studies at U.C. Berkeley this coming August, which means he will soon apply for a U.S. student visa. I cannot stress the importance of this legislation for many of those like Alex, who may potentially face difficulties entering free countries.

China’s suppression against us is helped by its growing regional domination. Last year, I was invited by top Thai universities, but was not allowed to enter the country and locked up for 12 hours in a detentoin cell. My requests to contact a lawyer or at least notify my family in Hong Kong were both rejected. I was very worried to be the next Gui Min Hai, one of the five booksellers abducted from Thailand to China. Luckily I was finally released, but the Thai government later said that I would be forever banned to enter the country, as requested by China.

If passed, the proposed legislation will place human rights and democracy at the center of future American policy toward Hong Kong. It will send a strong signal to Beijing that as a world leader, the U.S. believes it is just as important to protect political freedom in Hong Kong as it is to protect economic freedom.

The support of the proposed legislation is also in the American interests. Hong Kong is home to around 85,000 U.S. citizens and 1,400 U.S. companies. Two-way U.S.-Hong Kong trade was around $42 billion last year. Most American media outlets, including CNN, the Wall Street Journal, and TIME Magazine establish their Asian offices in Hong Kong. These are all evidence that despite all the difficulties it is facing, Hong Kong remains the freest city under Chinese administration.

In conclusion, I hope democrats and republicans alike can work together to defend the fundamental human rights values they share, which Hong Kongers will continue to fight hard against Communist Regime for the day will come for us with democracy and exercise our right of self-determination.

I started my fight for democracy six years ago when I was 14. The Father of Hong Kong’s Democracy, Martin Lee, is turning 79 years old this year, after four decades of struggle. I wonder, if I come to the age of 79, will I be able to see democracy?

My aspiration, and our generation’s challenge is to ensure that Hong Kong continues as a beacon of human right and freedom for China and the world. To sum up, today the authoritarian regime are dominating our future, but the day will come when we decide the future of Hong Kong.

No matter what happens to the protest movement, we will reclaim the democracy that belongs to us, because time is on our side.

認知障礙症 －黃德祥老人科專科醫生＠FindDoc.com

FindDoc Facebook : https://www.facebook.com/FindDoc
FindDoc WeChat : 快徳健康香港 FindDoc
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（一） 早期診斷認知障礙症的重要性和方法？00:07

（二） 慢性病會導致認知障礙症？00:55

（三） 認知障礙症照顧者應該注意什麼？01:35

（四） 透過改善生活習慣與適時使用藥物控制病情？02:32

(本短片作健康教育之用，並不可取代任何醫療診斷或治療。治療成效因人而異，如有疑問，請向專業醫療人士諮詢。)

參考資料：
1. Galvin, J.., Sadowsky, C.(2012). Practical Guidelines for the Recognition and Diagnosis of Dementia. The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine May 2012, 25 (3) 367-382; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2012.03.100181 Retrieved from https://www.jabfm.org/content/25/3/367#sec-3
2. Anstey, K.J., Lipnicki, D.M., Low, L.F. (2008) Cholesterol as a Risk Factor for Dementia and Cognitive Decline: A Systematic Review of Prospective Studies With Meta-Analysis. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry May 2008, 16:5. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kaarin_Anstey/publication/5403325_Cholesterol_as_a_Risk_Factor_for_Dementia_and_Cognitive_Decline_A_Systematic_Review_of_Prospective_Studies_With_Meta-Analysis/links/576b54ac08ae5b9a62b3aa81/Cholesterol-as-a-Risk-Factor-for-Dementia-and-Cognitive-Decline-A-Systematic-Review-of-Prospective-Studies-With-Meta-Analysis.pdf
3. Sun, M.-K., Alkon, D.L. (2006). Links between Alzheimer's disease and diabetes. Drugs Today 2006, 42(7): 481. Retrieved from https://journals.prous.com/journals/servlet/xmlxsl/pk_journals.xml_summary_pr?p_JournalId=4&p_RefId=973588&p_IsPs=N
4. Starkstein,S.E., Almeida, O.P. (2003). Understanding cognitive impairment and dementia: stroke study. Curr Opin Psychiatry, 16, 615-620. Retrieved from https://journals.lww.com/co-psychiatry/Abstract/2003/11000/Understanding_cognitive_impairment_and_dementia_.3.aspx
5. 葵涌醫院 (2016)。照顧患有認知障礙症長者　家傭照顧手冊。香港：醫院管理局。Retrieved from https://www.swd.gov.hk/dementiacampaign/sc/doc/Caring-for-Elderly-with-Dementia-Guide-to-Foreign-Domestic-Helper_TC.pdf
6. Lam, L.C.W., Chan, W.M., Kwok, T.C.Y., Chiu, H.F.K. (2014) Effectiveness of Tai Chi in maintenance of cognitive and functional abilities in mild cognitive impairment: a randomised controlled trial. Hong Kong Med J 2014;20(Suppl 3):S20-3. Retrieved from https://www.hkmj.org/system/files/hkm1403sp3p20_0.pdf
7. Müllers, P., Taubert, M., & Müller, N. G. (2019). Physical Exercise as Personalized Medicine for Dementia Prevention?. Frontiers in physiology, 10, 672. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00672 . Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6563896/
8. Lam, L. C., Chan, W. C., Leung, T., Fung, A. W., & Leung, E. M. (2015). Would older adults with mild cognitive impairment adhere to and benefit from a structured lifestyle activity intervention to enhance cognition?: a cluster randomized controlled trial. PloS one, 10(3), e0118173. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0118173 。 Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4380493/



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- Ahn, P. (2009). Harisu: South Korean cosmetic media and the paradox of transgendered neoliberal embodiment. Discourse, 31(3), 248-272.

- Arora, S., Singhai, M., & Patel, R. (2011). Gender & Education determinants of individualism — Collectivism: A study of future managers. Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 47(2), 321-328.

- Berry, C. (2001). Asian values, family values: Film video, and lesbian and gay identities. In Sullivan, G., & Jackson P. (Ed.), Gay and lesbian Asia: Culture, identity, community. (pp. 211-232). Binghamton, NY: Harrington Park Press.

- Bong, Y. D. (2008). The gay rights movement in democratizing Korea. Korean Studies, 32(1), 86-103.

- Cho, J. P. (2009). The wedding banquet revisited: "Contract marriages" between Korean gays and lesbians. Anthropological Quarterly, 82(2), 401-422.

- Choi, J. S. (2014). Korean culture orientation: Daily-life and religious culture volume. Sonamoo Publishing.

- Jang, H. S. (n.d.). Resource center of young women service review (늘푸른 사업 리뷰). Retrieved from http://www.seoul.go.kr/info/organ/center/1318_new/info/review/1253299_13874.html

- Kim, H. Y., & Cho, J. P. (2011). The Korean gay and lesbian movement 1993-2008: from "identity" and "community" to "human rights". South Korean Social Movements: From Democracy to Civil Society, 206-223.

- Kim, Y., & Hahn, S. (2006). Homosexuality in ancient and modern Korea. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 8(1), 59-65.

- Kwak. L. G. (2012, April 25). Who murdered a 19-year old LGBT teen (누가 열아홉살 동성애자를 죽였나). Oh My News. Retrieved from http://www.ohmynews.com/nws_web/view/at_pg.aspx? CNTN_CD=A0001724998

- Lee, J. E. (2006). Beyond pain and protection: Politics of identity and iban girls in Korea. In Khor, D., & Kamano, S. (Ed.), Lesbians in east Asia: Diversity, identities, and resistance. (pp. 49-67). Binghamton, NY: Harrington Park Press.

- Novak, K. (2015). The problem with being gay in South Korea. Retrieved from http://edition.cnn.com/2015/10/18/asia/south-korea-being-gay/

- Park, H., Blenkinsopp, J., Oktem, M., & Omurgonulsen, U. (2008). Cultural orientation and attitudes toward different forms of whistleblowing: A comparison of South Korea, Turkey, and the U.K. Journal of Business Ethics, 82(4), 929-939.

- Seo, D. J. (2001). Mapping the vicissitudes of homosexual identities in South Korea. Journal of Homosexuality, 40, 65-79.

- Song, J. (2014). Living on your own: Single women, rental housing, and post-revolutionary affect in contemporary South Korea. SUNY Press.

- Do Koreans Support LGBTQ+? (Ft. Seoul Queer Parade) | ASIAN BOSS https://youtu.be/p_vsIEs72p8

- Koreans React To K-pop Singer Coming Out As Bisexual [Street Interview] | ASIAN BOSS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BKL9VrqLJZE

- Is South Korea's LGBT+ community being scapegoated for COVID-19 spread? https://www.dw.com/en/is-south-koreas-lgbt-community-being-scapegoated-for-covid-19-spread/a-53423958

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過去我們談了不少教養孩子的方法，今集我們想談一個敏感課題：離婚。古語有云「寧教人打仔，莫教人分妻」，我們明白，會結婚的人，誰會想要離婚。但現實是香港的離婚率年年上升，當中不乏已有下一代的家庭。

一旦面對婚姻抉擇，大家也許都會問自己，到底要不要為了小朋友維持一段不算美滿的婚姻？不分開是否就能夠給孩子一個「完整」的家？分開又會不會令小朋友蒙上陰影？

參考資料

Carr, C. M., & Wolchik, S. A. (2015). Marital Status, Divorce, and Child Development. In J. D. Wright (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed., Vol. 14, pp. 518-524). Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Luecken, L. J., Hagan, M. A., Wolchik, S. N., Sandler, I., & Tein, J. (2016). A Longitudinal Study of the Effects of Child-Reported Maternal Warmth on Cortisol Stress Response 15 Years After Parental Divorce. Psychosomatic Medicine, 78(2), 163-170.

Leung, J. (2016). Maternal Beliefs, Adolescent Perceived Maternal Control and Psychological Competence in Poor Chinese Female-Headed Divorced Families. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25(6), 1815-1828.

Schaffer, H. R. (2003). Introducing Child Psychology: Wiley.

Schaffer, H. (1998). Making decisions about children : Psychological questions and answers (2nd ed., Understanding children's worlds). Oxford ; Cambridge, Mass: Blackwell.

Hetherington, E. (1999). Coping with divorce, single parenting, and remarriage : A risk and resiliency perspective. Mahwah, N.J. ; London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.