Question 1

land survey本土研究社 Liber Research Community 在Facebook 的評價

Accepted Answer

【渾水一片：還原香港海界爭議發展史】 (上篇)  #都市化洋謀 #9月專研過往在香港討論有關海洋邊界爭議，往往是香港以南的南海主權問題。事實上近年的焚船污染、明日大嶼、12人越洋、走私不斷等當下議題，都與海洋空間規劃、定界及海權問題有關，而香港早年殖民期的海界及海權作為各種海洋亂象之源，卻少有人深入探討。翻查一系列關於香港水域爭議的英國解密檔案，整理過往殖民地時期有關香港「含糊」水域爭議的發展史，揭示牽涉複雜的海洋邊界政治，除了作為當時中英政治角力的前緣，亦有助我們了解現時香港水域範圍的歷史脈絡及源起。一條海界　兩個表述殖民地時期早年，香港的水域範圍一直未有公開確實的版本，亦引伸出有兩種不同的界線表述。於20世紀初，根據《展拓香港界址專條》的香港地圖顯示，香港水域呈「方型」界線(square boundary )。根據一份關於新界邊界及現況的英國解密檔案(1962 CO 1030/1334 Status and boundaries of Hong Kong New Territories)，當時中方海關經常巡邏於以大嶼山以西大澳水域一帶(方型界線以外)，似乎更視其為中方水域。然而，早在1901年英方已有向港督提及，按照國際上的海洋慣例，一般領海 (normal territorial waters)寬度應為3海里 (three nautical miles)，因而，香港領海界線應呈現為「彎曲型」(sinuous)，比起「方形」範圍雖然多了大嶼山以西水域，同時卻損失了東南方一大片水域，作為最早期的香港水域範圍的兩個表述。後續1911年修訂《釋義條例》(Interpretation Ordinance) 時，由於港督的錯誤公告字眼(wording of an incorrect Proclamation)，令到香港水域繼續被闡釋為方型。而這個錯誤的公告去到1950年被修訂。英方於1950年重新檢視與領海相關的條例，表示若沿用1937年英方對於《釋義條例》的闡釋，地圖所顯示的「方形」界線，只是英方租用中方領土的一條分界線(merely a line of delimitation of the area within which all territory was leased) ，並不是租用香港3海里以外的水域範圍(this did not mean that there was a purported lease of any waters outside normal territorial waters)，可見，內部確立「彎曲型」的領海範圍。參考一份1950年關於香港水域的英國解密檔案 (1950 CO 537 6036 Territorial water) 中的英方外交部內閣大臣Jim Griffiths跟港督的電報來往中顯示，因當時中日關係惡劣，為了保持當時英方中立 (neutral) 的立場。英方亦想盡量避免中日雙方於香港水域範圍發生衝突 (Jørgensen N. H. B., 2019)，早於1937年至1939年，英方曾經指示香港水域要跟隨國際慣例，將領海寬度收窄至3海里。無獨有偶，1950年修訂《釋義條例》，已有英方法律意見表示當時擔心如果國、共兩軍在新海界（彎曲型）及舊海界（方型）之間的位置發生衝突，將會造成英方外交上尷尬，要盡快修例避免尷尬事件。可見，英方變動水域邊界時明顯有其政治考量。即使已修例，1952年當時國際法庭 (International Court of Justice) 有關英挪漁業案(Anglo Norwegian Fisheries case)的判決 (Jørgensen N. H. B., 2019)，提及使用哪種基線方式來劃定領海的爭議，促使香港律政司重提「方型」領海是否合法地代表香港水域，但建議被英方否決。其後在1958年，即使英國外交部再次表示「方型」範圍只是表示港英領土的一條分界線 (all land within the line thus shown is Hong Kong territory)，但同時亦保留方型界線，聲稱為免影響航空航線。早年香港水域邊界一直未被確實，即使在法律層面上，英方內部確立「彎曲型」領海範圍的合法性。然而，其後英方一直未有公開與中國共產黨政權講述其水域範圍，或擔心會侵犯中國領海主權。可見，香港水域一直受到變動中的海緣政治影響，經常遊走在當時國際上認可海洋慣例(彎曲型)與中英簽訂的《展拓香港界址專條》(方型)之間。中方圍堵香港水域的預言？水域範圍、基線劃定的方法及國際航海權一直是國際外交上一個十分敏感的議題。香港作為英國殖民地，卻緊貼住中國的領海範圍，除了香港水域定界，船隻來往香港的航道亦一直是英方十分頭痛的問題，稍有不慎，就會有被冠上侵犯中國海權的「辱華」罪名。中方於1958年第一次聯合國海洋法公約（United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea)，已經單方面將其領海範圍擴展至12海哩，英國宗主國當時內部表明會反對中方單方面的領海宣稱，擔心會發生圍堵香港水域的情況。根據新界邊界及現況的英國解密檔案(1962 CO 1030/1334 Status and boundaries of Hong Kong New Territories)中的電報來往，當時港英內部評估，認為中方擴展領海將對香港造成「海陸空」影響，除了會收窄飛機的航道、需要重新佈線電纜和無線電纜、亦會限制海軍的演練空間，大大影響香港的船隻來往，來往公海的航道走廊更會收窄到1海里(corridor of international waters could be reduced to about one mile)，形容「接近完全圍封香港」 (almost completely envelope Hong Kong)。隨著國際共識的改變，在1972年第三次聯合國海洋法會議前夕，英方亦打算將國土領海範圍的3海里擴展至12海里。翻查另一份1972年關於香港水域爭議的英國解密檔案 (1972 FCO 21 1024 Territorial waters dispute between China and Hong Kong)，當時英方內部考慮這次擴展海界，應否包括香港殖民地，並計劃在香港附近水域進行海道測量 (Hydrographic survey)，明顯想放風測試中方反應。然而，根據英國外交部及港英的內部電報來往，英方雖然一度打算在翌年與中方在第三次聯合國海洋法會議上提及香港殖民地水域擴展，但英方內部亦指出中方定會反對香港的水域擴展至12海里，除了因為香港擴展會跟中國水域重疊，中國亦一直視香港為固有領土，不可視香港為獨立的行政個體 (separate entity)，應該維持現狀，限制今次香港擴海界。呼應早期50年代有關中方圍堵香港水域的擔憂，英方擔心如果掀起討論，更有可能令香港航道問題惡化 (a risk that any such discussion would vitiate the present adequate though limited freedom of passage)。按英國外交部理解，中方只不過默許船隻在不進入擔桿列島5海哩範圍的前提下進入香港；如果中國「執正嚟做」嚴格實踐其12海里的主權宣稱，則連博寮海峽都不能通行 (a 12 mile limit strictly adhered to in this area would make normal surface access to Hong Kong through the Lemma Channel impossible)。最後，英方外交部為免觸動到中方神經，加上「信唔過」中方 (their good will… cannot be relied on a year ahead)，建議的對策卻是避免「打草驚蛇」(let sleeping dogs lie)，絕口不提香港擴海界。直到1987年，英國正式將水域擴展到12海哩，但香港並沒有納入被擴展的範圍。在香港前途談判過程中，亦未有正式提及香港水域擴展12海里一事(Jørgensen N. H. B., 2019)。可見，面對中方進取的領海主權宣稱，英方在香港水域邊界問題上，尤其顯得無力。香港「渾水」邊界的潛規則面對中國擴海界後將會圍堵香港的擔憂，根據一份有關香港水域及其爭議的英國解密檔案(1968 FCO 21 547 Dispute with China about territorial waters)，當中牽涉中英雙方就香港海界爭議鮮為人知的權宜之計(modus vivendi)。事緣1968年一艘美國貨船於萬山群島近珠江口一帶(Lema Channel in the estuary of the Pearl River)被中方海軍的警告已入侵中方水域，檔案中有一份美國國務院情報與研究局官員Thoms L. Hughes事後對中國共產黨於香港鄰近水域的主權宣稱(Communist assertions of sovereignty over waters in the vicinity of Hong Kong)進行一份內部評估報告，提到中方不時會「放生」來往香港的商船。於50年代初，船隻可以經萬山群島近珠江口一帶接近香港水域，可謂當時的潛規則（local ground rule)。然而，在中方宣稱12海里領海後，於1959年曾發出達20次警告，外國商船透過萬山群島近珠江口一帶接近香港期間入侵中方水域，並禁止一切外國船隻通往萬山群島近珠江口一帶，評估報告中亦提及多次美國商船及軍艦通往香港遇上中國海軍的事件。然而，中方不但少有採取實際軍事行動，多是「口頭」表示抗議及警告外國船隻侵犯中國水域，更沒有對外公開批評數次入侵事件。就以上例子，美方評估中國當時並不是新的「強硬路線」宣示領海主權(new harder line from Peking)，只是由於過多船隻進入萬山群島內沿而作出的回應(is a reaction to an increasing number of passages through the interior Lema Channel)[萬山群島內沿被中國視為內海]。而當時美方估計中方「放生」的動機，很可能取決於政經考量，其一為不想失去香港作為(kill the goose)來往外國商船主要來往中國的航道，以及香港為中國帶來的外匯，而另一原因則是避免發生中國海軍與美國軍艦於海上起衝突。此外，除了英方一直未有公佈香港水域邊界，中方一直並未有公開宣稱香港以西南的珠江通道12海里的精準劃界(public silence regarding the exact limits of its claim)。中英雙方基於政治考量，對於香港水域劃界及航道，更被美方稱靈活的實用主義(flexible pragmatism)。而美方認為英方亦知悉船隻來往香港的「後路」，根據一份英方未被公開的非正式文件( informal note)顯示，除了船隻背後的註冊國家將成為影響進入香港的政治因素，英方更提及最合適的接近香港水域的航道，是經萬山群島以南以及擔桿頭島五海里以外(keep to the south of the Lima Group and five miles or more off Tam kan Head)，港英政府早於五十年代，已廣傳這份文件到商船公司及中方，有共識地默許外國船隻經香港東南方水域，作為當時來往香港的「後路」。可見，比起香港陸上的邊界，早期香港水域由定界、擴界到圍堵，可謂「渾水一片」。而當中牽涉複雜的海緣政治，亦顯示香港水域並非一條確確實實的邊界範圍，反而是中英雙方的妥協空間。而後來香港水域邊界將如何落實為現時版本？當中牽涉多少談判？而所引伸的一系列有關領海執法權以至政府管轄權的問題，將揭示香港水域日後跨境執法以至逃犯移交的爭議。(下集待續)參考資料Jørgensen, N. H. B. (2019). The (Unequal) Relationship between Hong Kong’s Waters and China’s Baselines. Asia-Pacific Journal of Ocean Law and Policy, 4(1), 1–27.1950 CO 537/6036 Territorial water1962 CO 1030/1334 Status and boundaries of Hong Kong New Territories1968 FCO 21/547 Dispute with China about territorial waters1972 FCO 21/1024 Territorial waters dispute between China and Hong Kong1974 FCO 18/154 Hong Kong territorial waters💪 研究自主 月捐撐起最新專研系列：https://liber-research.com/support-us/🔸FPS ID：5390547🔸HSBC PayMe 捐款支持：https://bit.ly/32aoOMn🔸戶口號碼：匯豐銀行 640-198305-001 (LIBER RESEARCH COMMUNITY (HK) COMPANY LIMITED)👨‍👩‍👧‍👦義工招募：https://bit.ly/2SbbyT3 ▫️

Question 2

land survey國立臺灣大學 National Taiwan University 在Facebook 的評價

Accepted Answer

【國立臺灣大學 109學年度畢業典禮 貴賓致詞】Commencement Address, National Taiwan University Commencement 2021    .巨大集團 羅祥安前執行長Giant Group Former CEO Anthony Lo管校長，羅副校長，各位貴賓，畢業生的家長跟朋友們，還有今天最重要的2021年臺大的畢業生，大家早安、大家好！首先恭喜你們，今天從全世界最優秀大學之一的臺灣大學畢業了！在過去幾年，在管校長，以「大學教改」和「國際化」的理念，率領全體師生的努力之下，臺大在全世界的能見度，和各項排名，都有顯著的進步，也讓身為校友的我們倍感光榮。是不是我們大家一起鼓掌，給自己鼓勵一下好不好！你們今天剛剛畢業，但是你們已經創造了臺大一項新的紀錄：第一次，沒有傳統畢業典禮的畢業生。這將是你們人生一個非常特別的回憶，也預表了你們未來將會有與眾不同的表現，和非凡的成就。現在的世界，局勢是在東方跟西方的勢力，彼此對抗而動盪不安。而全世界的經濟活動，也因為科技的突破性創新，而受到很大的影響。不盡理想的、不盡公平的全球化，也將逐漸地變成 全球在地化。而COVID-19肆虐全球的結果，使得臺灣跟全世界，大家的生活型態、社會的結構、經濟活動的節奏都被打亂了，而必須要加以全面的整理跟重新的架構。這當然是一個危機，但是更是一個絕好的機會。所以，將你們迎面而來的，是無數的創新的機會，以及冒險卻令人興奮的全新挑戰。因為臺灣，這是第一次跟全世界各個國家，同步的站在一個嶄新的共同起跑點上面。所以我要恭喜你們，你們躬逢其會，將要進入一個充滿希望、嶄新的時代。我是1969年從臺大畢業的，所以我想今天就以我畢業之後的50多年，人生的一些學習和體會，來跟諸位分享，給諸位作個參考。當我大學畢業的時候，我滿懷抱負，迫不及待地想要大展身手，我當時進入臺灣最大的貿易公司工作，但是我發現我所學的很多東西，只有一些國際貿易的實務跟英文有用，至於其他我所學習到的經營管理的很多知識，恐怕都要等到10年、20年之後，如果我有幸當上高級主管才能派上用場。更諷刺的是，我是商學系畢業的，但是工作兩年後，我發現我真的不喜歡做商人，我也不喜歡做生意，我有興趣的是做事業。後來，幸好我有聆聽我心裡面的微弱的聲音，決定踏進自行車業，放棄掉台北最好的貿易公司的金飯碗，而去參加在大甲一個只有38個人的小公司，來追求我的夢想。那時候許多人認為我腦筋有問題，頭殼壞去，但現在回顧回來，我當時是做了人生一個非常好的決定。創業的過程飽受艱辛，但是我也學到了很多寶貴的經驗：我首先學到的，是在做事之前，必須要先學做人。人必須要誠信踏實，不能自私自利，而要利他共好。要隨時心存感恩，尊重、關切別人。要熱愛這個世界，並且要了解到一個人的能力是有限的，而必須要去建立互信、互助的人際關係；要融入群體、要發揮團隊的精神。在做事方面，一定要以正面積極的態度，認真努力去工作。 而且不要怕失敗，要勇於接受新的挑戰。因為如果有失敗了，那只是代表說你又更靠近成功一步了。要作中學，學中作，要虛心好奇的終身學習，開拓挑戰、追求卓越。在這裡，我想要送給大家一個很特別的畢業禮物，就是兩個「成功的錦囊」。第一個錦囊：不管你做什麼工作，不論你職務的高低，永遠都要站在顧客的立場，來為他們設想，還能做什麼，讓他們能夠得到更多的創新價值。第二個錦囊：無論作什麼工作，不管你職務的高低，永遠都要站在經營者的角度來為公司設想，要做什麼，才能讓公司更健康，永續經營跟發展。既使你們把我後面講的很多東西都忘記了，沒關係，但是這個畢業禮物你們一定要記得帶回去，因為這些「同理心」的兩個錦囊，在未來會給你們帶來意想不到的祝福！其次我體會到，名跟利都是副產品。正產品是你成為什麼樣的人，成就什麼樣的事。當正產品是對的時候，名跟利都自然會來。所以我鼓勵大家在找工作的時候，不要太計較開始的薪水和待遇。因為事實上，一個新人，在前面三年是很難有大的貢獻的，反過來只是公司發薪水來給你培訓而已。所以選擇一個有意義的行業，找一家你可以學習進步的好公司，這才是重要的。第三，我學習到 知識不等於智慧。諸位都學有專精，有很多寶貴的知識，但這些知識必須要實際去做才能夠產生經驗，而累積的時候會有不同經驗的反省、學習、跟體會，尤其是從那些失敗的經 驗，才能夠漸漸地凝結成有用的智慧。我的成長過程分成三段，開始我是一個「I」型的人，我擁有一些經營管理的基本的能力。後來因為工作的需要和我的好奇心，我漸漸地學習到技術開發、製造生產、品牌推廣、全球經營、以及行銷、服務等等寶貴的經驗，這樣漸漸地，我就形成一個「T」型的一個跨界的人才。但是到了我真正找到公司未來的使命跟方向，並且把它跟我的人生目標結合在一起，熱情的、積極去推動的時候，那時候我終於成為一個「十字架」型的一個領導者。當公司發展得比較穩定之後，我就面臨要如何來替公司規劃願景、使命、定位，跟長期策略。在這個階段，我有一些新的體會：首先，你必須要能夠畫出一個「黃金正三角形」，正三角形是最穩定的，上面是戰略，中間是戰術，下面是戰鬥。先要有正確的戰略，才能衍伸出有效的戰術，再根據這個戰術去貫徹戰鬥的執行。換言之，戰略就是做對的事情，戰術就是對的方法，戰鬥就是用對的方法去把事情做對做好，並且不斷地去持續改善。想要能夠思考出長期的戰略，就必須要有洞察力。我很喜歡看地球儀，就是那種在一個架子上面，有一個可以轉動的地球模型。當你把地球轉動的時候，你看到上面每一個地方、每一個國家，它的地理位置、它的自然生態，以及你思考它的歷史的演變跟它的發展，這樣子你就能夠得出一個整體的，跟全方位的一個概念。在思考長期戰略的時候，很不容易得出一個有突破性的一個創見，它的原因往往是因為「當局者迷」的關係。所以當我考慮長期戰略的時候，我會把自己設想，好像從一個人造衛星上面，來觀看一個轉動的地球。以宇宙格局的高度，以全球視野的廣度，以歷史演進的長度，這樣子你就能夠以一個「旁觀者清」的姿態和角度，來正面、反面深入思考，這樣子你就可能得到一個突破性的一個解答。「世界的捷安特」跟「全球在地化」的品牌經營—這樣子的策略、願景就是這樣產生的。另外一種洞察力，是如何推出給人們有創新價值的產品跟服務。這就要時時地站在人文跟科技的十字路口，仔細觀察它們的變化，然後活用科技的進步，為人文潛在的需求，適時地提供最佳的解決方案。捷安特的Cycling世界，就是用這種方法，不斷的推出創新價值的產品。我們在經營上也有發展出一個特別的理念，那就是「不求第一，要作惟一」。全世界的人這麼多，但沒有兩個人的指紋是一樣的， 所以每一個人都是獨一無二、都是惟一的。可見當上帝造每一個人的時候，祂都有衪特別的計劃，而且也把成功所需要的能力跟要素，已經放在你的心中，等待你取用。所以每一個人不應該只是模仿別人，或者是按照別人的期望來生活，而應該要找出並且發揮自己的天賦，真正做自己，成為惟一，才能夠活出精采的生命。企業也是一樣，不能隨波逐流，必須要找出什麼才是對的，什麼是合適你的，什麼才是有意義、對這個世界有貢獻的，這個才是惟一。當你精益求精，努力的想要成為惟一的時侯，你才能夠找到真正正確的目標，以及永續生存的價值。如果事事都想為第一，那麼你可能去追求很多不切實際的目標，而被你無法承受的巨大壓力所摧毀。或者，因為不擇手段，最後走上一些錯誤的道路。在長期追求惟一的過程當中，我也得到兩個重要的體會：當你決心做一件對的事情，而且不屈不撓，勇敢堅持奮鬥的時候，全宇宙的力量都會起來幫助你。另外，把一件有意義的事情，用生命的力量把它作好，你就有可能改變這個世界！我鼓勵你們，聆聽你們內心深處的微小的聲音，讓它引導你們，去尋找到你們的天賦，了解你們的命定。不求第一，要作惟一。做你真正的自己，成為惟一。活出你精彩的生命，享受你幸福的人生！很多人說，生長在臺灣的人，一輩子裡面一定要完成三項挑戰：登玉山、泳渡日月潭、還有騎自行車環島。我覺得這非常有道理。所以我建議大家在畢業以後，在去當兵、就業之前，不妨參加一個自行車環島的旅行團，用九天的時間，仔細的去體會、欣賞寶島臺灣的美好，用自行車的輪胎去親吻，這塊生你長你的美麗大地，就當作是送給你自己的一個畢業禮物吧！那教授們跟家長們，可能會想說，啊！太可惜了，我畢業的時候沒有騎自行車環島，我現在已經五六十歲了。沒關係，你這個年紀正好來從事人生的壯遊。我們臺大的校長－管校長，在今年的一月份，就勇敢的完成他夢寐以求的自行車環島的壯遊。我們給管爺一個掌聲好不好？有人認為臺灣很小、沒有前途，真的是這樣嗎？世界經濟論壇每年都要把全世界的國家的實力做一個調查跟排名。讓我們來看一下臺灣的排名。全世界有235個國家，就面積來講，我們排名第137；就人口來講，第57；就經濟體來講，第21；就整體競爭力來講，排名第11；而創新力，臺灣排名第4。沒錯，臺灣的確不大，但是我們很強，我們可以很有前途！可預見的，未來的世界將會成為美、歐、亞三區鼎力的這個新局面。就像三個圓圈，各自都以自己的利益為優先，並且彼此長期的競爭、對抗和抵制，但是同時又不得不相互的維持一些必要的連結。而在每一個圈裡面，它將持續的有很多劇烈的改變，就像一個暴風圈一樣。而這三個暴風圈連結在一起，就形成一個所謂完全風暴PERFECT STORM。最近經濟學人雜誌，把臺灣當作封面，稱臺灣為地球上最危險的地方，但同時又是科技業最關鍵的地方。我個人倒認為，未來臺灣可能是處在一個最有利的地位，就在那三個暴風圈中間的那個颱風眼，也就是這三個圈圈彼此連結交會的中心點。這個地方看起來好像危險，其實是最安全、最有利、又是最關鍵的地方。當三個暴風圈無可避免的，參與在一個長期的競爭、對抗、跟抵制－這樣一個零和的賽局裡面。那臺灣並不屬於任何一個圈圈，也不需要去參與這些競爭、對抗跟抵制。而可以去想說，我可以在這個關鍵的中心點，替這個世界來提供什麼樣子的創新價值的貢獻。臺灣過去50年的努力累積了很多技術開發、製造管理、金融資本，社會資源，以及民主法治體制，這些稀有而寶貴的實力。而且如果以全世界作為舞台，那麼，能夠精通中文跟英文、能夠深切的了解東方西方的文化；有專業，又能跨界，謙卑而不自卑，自信而不自大的臺灣人，可能是全世界最優秀的人才。未來無法被預測，但是可以被創造！30年前，有誰能夠預測到說臺灣會產生世界級的台積電跟捷安特？台積電秉持著作惟一的理念，以全球晶圓代工的戰略，厚植實力，打造了優質高效的供應鏈，把臺灣變成一個科技島。以臺灣為核心，轉動引領全世界的半導體市場。捷安特也秉持著作惟一的理念，以世界的捷安特，全球在地化的品牌戰略，帶領A-Team把臺灣變成全世界高級車的中心，又積極的推動Cycling的新文化，把臺灣發展成一個自行車島，以臺灣為核心，轉動引領全世界自行車的市場。在這裡我也期許我們臺大，也能夠以作惟一這樣子的理念，轉動引領世界，變成全世界最優秀人才培養的最佳搖籃。未來的50年，臺灣將迎來前所未有最大的機運！所以臺灣是不是應該要脫離過去單純競爭的心態，而來積極的謀求長期的未來生存之道，或者更進一步要問自己：臺灣可以為世界貢獻些什麼？臺灣不應該只是消極的「根留臺灣」，而應該更主動積極的「放眼全球、立足亞太、深根臺灣」。臺灣過去的50年，那是一個非常艱辛跟特別的階段。很慶幸的，臺灣在那個階段裡面，是屬於勝利的這一組。現在是應該到了必須要了解過去、深入現在、策劃未來，這個重要關鍵的時刻。要如何的以宇宙格局的高度、以全球視野的廣度、以及歷史演進的長度，衡外情，量己力，來為臺灣重新的定位，重新畫一個正確的戰略、戰術、戰鬥的黃金三角形。讓臺灣能夠真正發揮自己的長處，能夠打造創新價值的優勢，成為惟一、做Only One！要能夠創造一個更安全、更廣闊、更興盛－全新的藍海。臺灣必須要成為世界的好公民，繼續的為全世界做更多、更好的貢獻！2021的畢業生們，在你們當中有未來國家的領導人、有全球企業的創造者、有在社會各行各業、方方面面的核心人才，所以臺灣未來50年的未來，就掌握在你們手中了。最後，我想用一位著名科學家的名言來作結尾： Life is like riding a bicycle.  To keep your balance, you must keep moving. 人生就像騎自行車，要保持你平衡最好的方法，就是繼續不斷地向前進。你知道這是誰的名言嗎？ 沒錯，就是愛因斯坦！2021的畢業生們，請你騎上你人生的自行車，勇敢的向前邁進，去開創你獨一無二、精彩無比的新生命跟未來。再一次，恭喜你們，並且祝福你們每一位，將來都能夠有健康、幸福、精彩跟有意義的人生！謝謝！    .==============================    .President Kuan, Executive Vice President Luo, Distinguished guests, family, friends, and most importantly, the graduating class of 2021, good morning!First of all, congratulations! Today, you are graduating from one of the best universities in the world – National Taiwan University! Over the last few years, President Kuan led the university forward with his vision of “educational reform” and internationalization”. Together with all the faculty and students, NTU has made significant progress in both ranking and global visibility, making us, alumni, extremely proud.I think we deserve to give ourselves a round of applause!You are the graduating class of 2021 and already, you have set a new record for NTU: For the first time, there will not be a traditional graduation ceremony. Let this be a very special memory of your life and a sign of the difference you will make in your future with extraordinary achievements.The world is now in a volatile state where the East and the West are confronting each other. The world’s economic activities are also greatly affected by the breakthrough and innovations in technology. The less-than-ideal and less-than fair globalization will gradually become global localization. And as a result of COVID-19, Taiwan and the rest of the world’s lifestyle, social structure, and economy have been disrupted, and must be comprehensively reorganized and restructured. This is certainly a crisis, but in the midst of every crisis, lies great opportunity. So, what lies before you are countless opportunities for innovation, and exciting new challenges.Because, for the first time, Taiwan is standing with the rest of the world on a new race-track. Therefore, I would like to congratulate you, you are entering a new era full of hope.I graduated from NTU in 1969. It has been more than 50 years and today, I would like to share some of my life experiences and insights.When I graduated from college, I was filled with ambition. I couldn’t wait to make my mark. I joined one of the largest trading companies in Taiwan, where I quickly realized the only materials I learned in school that came in handy are a little bit of international trade practices and English.  Much of what I had learned about business management would only be relevant 10 or 20 years down the road, if I was lucky enough to become a senior executive.What’s even more ironic is that I graduated with a degree in business, but after working for 2 years, I realize I really don’t like being a businessman, and I don’t like doing business. What I am actually interested in is building an enterprise.Fortunately, I chose to listen to the faint voice in my heart and decided to enter the bicycle industry. I left my position at the best trading company in Taipei to join a small company with only 38 employees in Dajia to pursue my dream.At the time, many people thought I must’ve broken my skull and gone crazy, but looking back, I have made a great decision in my life.The process of starting my own enterprise has been very difficult, but I have learned many valuable lessons. The first thing I learned is that before you can do anything else, you have to learn to be a person of good character.We must be honest, down to earth, selfless, self-serving, and altruistic for the common good.Be grateful, respectful and caring at all times. To love the world and to understand that one person’s ability is limited and that is necessary to build interpersonal relationships of mutual trust and support; to be part of a group and to play as a team.When it comes to work, you must work hard with a positive attitude.  And don’t be afraid to fail, be brave enough to accept new challenges. Because every time you fail, it just means you are one step closer to success. Learning is an active process. We learn by doing. We must stay open-minded and curious, aspiring to lifelong learning; to explore challenges and pursue excellence.Here I would like to give everyone a special graduation gift, which are my two tips for success: First, always put yourself in the customer’s shoes, regardless of what you’re doing or what kind of job title you hold. Think for them, think about what else you can do to create more value for the customers.Second, regardless of what you’re doing or what kind of job title you hold, always think about the company from the proprietor’s point of view; what can we do to build a healthier company that’s sustainable.Even if you are going to forget everything I say later, that’ ok. Just remember to take your graduation gift at heart, because these two tips on “empathy “are sure to bring you unexpected blessings in the future!Later on, I realized that fame and money are merely byproducts. The real product is you, what kind of person you have become and what have you achieved. When the real product is identified, fame and money will come naturally.So I encourage you, when you look for a job, don’t be too concerned about the starting salary and benefits. Because as a matter of fact, as a newcomer, it is very difficult to make a big contribution in the first three years, so really the company is paying to give you training instead. So choose a meaningful industry and find a good company where you can improve and grow, that’s what’s important.Thirdly, I learned that knowledge is not the same as wisdom. All of you have learned a lot and have a lot of valuable knowledge, but this knowledge must be practiced in order to produce experience, and in the process of accumulation, there will be different experiences of reflection, learning and empathy, especially from failure, slowly and surely all these experiences will be condensed into useful wisdom.My personal development can be divided into three stages. I began as a I-shaped person with some basic skills in business management. Later on, due to my job and curiosity, I gained respected experience in technology development, manufacturing, branding, global marketing, and service and thus gradually becoming a T-shape multidisciplinary professional. However, when I combined the future mission and direction of the company with my life goals, promoting it enthusiastically and actively, that is when I finally became a X-shape transdisciplinary leader.Once the company became more stable, I was faced with the challenge of planning the vision, mission, positioning, and long-term strategy for the company. At this stage, I had some new insights.First, you must be able to draw a “golden triangle”, an equilateral triangle is the most stable shape with strategy on top, tactics in the middle, and operations at the bottom. In other words, the strategy is to do the right thing, the tactics is the using the right methods, and operations is using the right methods to excel on doing the right things while constantly improving them.To develop long-term strategies, it is necessary to have insight.I enjoy looking at the globe, yes, the spherical model of Earth that sits on a stand and can be rotated. When you rotate the globe, you can see every place and country on it, its geographical location, its natural ecology, and you can think about its historical evolution and development, so that you can come up with an overall comprehensive concept.When thinking about long-term strategy, it is not easy to come up with a groundbreaking idea, because “men are often blind in their own cause”Therefore, when I think about long-term strategy, I imagine myself as if I were looking at a rotating Earth from a man-made satellite. With the height of the universe, the breadth of global vision and the length of historical evolution, you will be able think about it from the perspective of an observer, and then you may have a breakthrough. This is how the strategy and vision of “GIANT for the World” and “glocalization” brand management came about.Another kind of insight is how to introduce the products and services to create additional value to people. This requires standing at the crossroads of humanity and technology, observing their changes carefully, and then using technological advances to provide the best solutions for the potential needs of humanity in a timely manner. This is how GIANT’s Cycling World continues to introduce innovative values to its products.We have also developed a special philosophy in our business, which is “don’t be the first one, be the only one”. There are so many people in the world, but no two people share the same fingerprints, making each person unique and one of a kind. God created each person with purpose and has gifted us with the abilities and elements needed for success. All of which is in your heart, waiting for you to take them. Therefore, we should not just follow each other’s footstep or live under the expectations of someone else. Instead, we should find and give reigns to our talents, to truly be ourselves, to become the only one and live a brilliant life.The same applies to businesses, you can’t just go with the flow, we must find what is right and suitable and what is meaningful and contributive to the world, this is what it means to be the only one. When you strive for excellence and strive to be the only one, you will find the right goals and the value of sustainability. If you try to be first in everything, you may pursue many unrealistic goals and either be destroyed by unbearable pressure or resort to doing whatever it takes, and end up on the wrong path.I have learned two important lessons in my long quest to be the “only one”. When you are determined to do the right thing and you are unyielding and persistent in your struggle, the power of the universe will rise up and help you. In addition, if you do something meaningful and do it well with the power of life, you may change the world.I urge you to listen to the small voice deep within you and let it guide you to find your talents and understand your destiny.Do not seek to be the first but to be the only. Be true to yourself and be the only one. Live your life to the fullest and enjoy your life to the fullest!Many people say that growing up in Taiwan, you must complete three challenges in your lifetime: climb to the top of Jade Mountain, swim across Sun Moon Lake, and ride a bike around the island. I think this is very true. Therefore, I suggest that after graduation, before you go to the military or get a job, you might as well join a bicycle tour around the island and spend nine days to carefully experience and appreciate the beauty of Taiwan. As a graduation gift to yourself, let the tires kiss the beautiful land where you were born and raised.All the professors and parents must be thinking in regret, “Ah! Too bad! I didn’t ride my bike around the island when I graduated and now I’m already in my 50s and 60s…” But that’s okay! You are actually at the perfect age to start your adventurous life.Our President of NTU, President Kuan bravely completed his dream bike tour around the island in January this year. Let’s give President Kuan a round of applause!Some people think that Taiwan is small and has no future. Every year, the World Economic Forum conducts a survey and ranking of the strength of countries around the world. Let’s take a look at Taiwan’s ranking. There are 235 countries in the world and we rank 137th in terms of landmass, 57th in terms of population, 21st in terms of economy, 11th in terms of overall competitiveness, and 4th in terms of innovation. It’s true that Taiwan is not big, but we are strong and we have a promising future.In the foreseeable future there will become a new situation in which the United States, Europe and Asia will be the three focal regions. Just like three circles, each of which prioritizes its own interests and is in long-term competition, confrontation and resistance, but at the same time has to maintain some necessary links with each other. And in each circle, drastic changes will be endless, just like a storm circle. These three storm circles are linked together to form a so-called PERFECT STORM.The Economist magazine recently featured Taiwan on its cover, calling it the most dangerous place on earth, but at the same time the most critical place for the technology industry. Personally, I think that Taiwan may be in the most favorable position in the future, right in the middle of the three storm circles, the eye of the typhoon, which is the center point where these three circles are connected. This place seems dangerous, but in fact it is the safest, most favorable, and most critical place.When the three storm circles are inevitably involved in a long-term competition, confrontation, and boycott - a zero-sum game. Taiwan does not belong to any of these circles, nor does it need to participate in these competitions, confrontations, and boycotts. Instead, situated in this critical position, I should begin to think about what kind of innovative value I can provide to the world.Taiwans efforts over the past 50 years have accumulated many rare and valuable strengths in technology development, manufacturing management, financial capital, social resources, and the democratic rule of law system. If the world is our stage, Taiwanese people who are proficient in Chinese and English, who have a deep understanding of Eastern and Western cultures, who are professional, who can cross borders, who are humble but not inferior, and who are confident but not arrogant, may be the best talents in the world.The future cannot be predicted, but it can be created! 30 years ago, who could have predicted that Taiwan would produce globally renowned TSMC and GIANT?TSMC is committed to the concept of being the only one, and has built up its strengths with its global foundry strategy, creating a high-quality and efficient supply chain and turning Taiwan into a technology island. With Taiwan as the core, TSMC is leading the worldwide semiconductor market.GIANT also upholds the concept of Be the only one and leads the A-Team to turn Taiwan into the center of the worlds premium bikes with the brand strategy of globalization and localization, and actively promotes the new culture of cycling, developing Taiwan into a cycling island and leading the worlds cycling market with Taiwan as the core.Here I also hope that we, NTU, can also lead the world with the concept of being the only one, and become the best cradle for the cultivation of the best talents in the world.In the next 50 years, Taiwan will have the greatest opportunity ever! Therefore, Taiwan should get rid of the simple competitive mentality of the past and actively seek the long-term survival of the future, or go even further and ask itself: What can Taiwan contribute to the world? Taiwan should not just secure Taiwan in a conservative way, but should be more proactive with global outlook and establish a foothold in the Asia Pacific.The last 50 years, for Taiwan, has been very difficult and significant. Fortunately, Taiwan pulled through and came out as one of the winners.Now is the crucial moment to understand the past, delve into the present, and plan for the future. We must take the height of the universe, the breadth of our global vision, and the length of historical evolution, weigh the external situation, and measure our own strengths to reposition Taiwan and draw the golden triangle of strategy, tactics, and operations. Taiwan should be able to give full play to its strengths, create innovative value, and become the only one! Taiwan must become a good citizen of the world and continue to make more and better contributions to the world!Graduates of 2021, among you are the future leaders of the country, the creators of global enterprises, and the core talents in all walks of life, the future is in your hands.Finally, I would like to conclude with a quote from a famous scientist: Life is like riding a bicycle.  To keep your balance, you must keep moving.Do you know who this quote belongs to? Thats right, Einstein!Graduates of 2021, please get ready for your life adventure, get on your bikes and peddle courageously forward to create your own unique and exciting future. Again, congratulations and best wishes to each and every one of you for a healthy, happy, and meaningful life!Thank you!詳見：https://www.facebook.com/NTUCommencement/posts/2718162161807541    .#臺灣大學 #畢業典禮 #NTUCommencement2021 #貴賓致詞 #羅祥安

Question 3

land survey 在Facebook 的評價

Accepted Answer

總部位於米蘭的國際知名藝術雜誌 Mousse在第 74 期發表對於台灣山海、歷史與藝術創作之間，如何交互連結的的綜觀，並映照出人類社會當下的普世行為。文章來自定居台北的 Robin Peckham ( Taipei Dangdai台北當代聯合總監)，揉合「在現場」與「文化不同源」的視角，在海洋史的向度上延展及連結思考。

「為了讀懂藝術家辯證台灣山海關係的作品，或是透過台灣來讀懂藝術與山海，我想到了兩種廣泛的分類及比喻：一種是發散、多向的思維，另一種是純物質的；一種是文化層面，另一種是生物性的；一種看向南方與東方，回溯政治策略與古航海家的路線，另一種則看進地球的深處，充分檢驗岩層的堅硬與海水的濕度。」

本篇論述了下列藝術家：
Meuko Meuko | NAXS corp. | #黃嘉俊 | #劉芸怡 | #倪灝 | #蔡佳葳 | #許家維 | #洪子建 | #區秀詒 | #張永達 | #蘇郁心 | #蘇匯宇 Su Hui-Yu | #吳其育 | 姚瑞中 Yao Jui chung | #羅智信 | #楊順發 | #盧昱瑞 | #林銓居 | #吳季璁 | #CemelesaiTakivalet #達給伐歷 | #AruwaiKaumaka #武玉玲

「如果說這篇文章道出了任何一種普世性，那即是以欲望為溫床、萌生於生態自然中的意識。山與海並不主動提供故事的素材，而是山海作為根本之物，成為被述說、被詮釋的對象。」

🔵

▍This Piece of Land, These Bits of Sea ▍

The 74th issue of Milan-based, internationally-renowned art journal Mousse
Magazine features a survey on the interrelationships of Taiwan’s land- and seascapes, history and artistic practices, while shedding light on current global human conditions. The article by Taipei-based Robin Peckham, Taipei Dangdai co-director, sets out from the realm of maritime history, intersecting the perspectives of the in-situ with culturally diverse lineages to bridge and extend such reflections.

"In attempting to read and understand works (like these) that engage the land-sea dialectic over and through Taiwan, I have come across two broad categories. One is discursive where the other is material; one is cultural where the other is biological. One looks south and east, following policy and retracing the routes of ancient seafarers, while the other looks down, testing out the hardness of rock and the wetness of water."

The article discusses works from the following artists:
Meuko Meuko | NAXS corp. | #HuangChiachun | #YunyiLiu | #NiHao | #CharweiTsai | #HsuChiaWei | #JamesTHong | #AuSowYee | #ChangYungTa | #SuYuHsin | #SuHuiYu | #WuChiYu | #YaoJuiChung |
#LuoJrShin | #YangShunFa | #LuYuJui | #LinChuanChu | #WuChiTsung | #CemelesaiTakivalet | #AruwaiKaumaka

“If there is a universalism to be discovered here, it is in the ecological nature of the consciousness that is created in this matrix of desires. Mountains and seas do not provide source matter for stories but rather become the very substrate of what can be said.“

台灣美術雙年展 Taiwan Biennial2020

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