關於 land yacht ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

【 #搞乜郊野 】郊公主題樂園狂想曲

財政預算案預留5億係郊野公園增設 #樹頂歷奇 同搞 #豪華露營(glamping)等，另撥5500萬比旅遊事務署升級 十條熱門行山徑。消息一出，「行山界」劣評如潮，擔心政府又搞亂檔。

呢5億5千萬撥款，唔單止「搞亂檔」咁簡單，仲意味政府或已調整「搞郊野公園」嘅方法－由明刀明槍開發邊陲地帶，轉為低調「私有化」及「旅遊化」郊野公園，先淘空同破壞郊野公園本身嘅根基，再打開開發郊野公園嘅 #潘多拉盒子。

▍「私有化」、「豪華化」 破壞郊野公園公共性

雖然政府無提供進一步資料，但合理推斷豪華營地及樹頂歷奇屬商業營運收費設施，本質上與樸實及免費設施格格不入。郊野公園40多年歷史中未曾出現過類似豪華設施，若成事將顛覆郊野公園嘅 #公共性，將其變成一件可被私人開發嘅資源，後患無窮。

《郊野公園條例》通過時，麥理浩曾經講過：「沙灘同山丘（指郊野公園）屬於大眾，遊艇、哥爾夫球場呢啲豪華設施，係小眾玩意。」(...the beaches and the mountains are for the many what the yacht and golf course are for the few.) 【註1】。呢個大眾免費享用所有設施嘅精神亦體現喺郊野公園策劃同管理上。翻查一份關於郊野公園康樂目標嘅解密文件【註2】，政府不應以成本或時限限制市民進入郊野公園享用設施(there are no restriction on entry into the Country Park in terms of time or cost)，所以係郊野公園範圍內搞豪華露營，基層朋友將無法負擔，破壞郊野公園向大眾開放嘅根基，亦係「#私有化」郊野公園嘅第一步。

▍曾有發展商擬發展「西貢昂平哥爾夫球場」被否決

過往亦試過有財團對郊野公園虎視眈眈。今日極受歡迎嘅野餐露營地點－#西貢昂平高原，40年前差點成為哥爾夫球度假村，除咗有球場外、仲有野生動物園(safari park)，仲有纜車接駁（昂平纜車?）。呢個瘋狂計劃，最終因為政府唔信發展商能夠以相宜價錢開放比公眾使用而被否決【註3】，昂平高原亦得以倖存，足以體現郊野公園嘅免費原則。

▍豪華娛樂設施 唔應該「踩過界」入郊公

不過郊外亦可以有私人參建嘅康樂設施，但當年港英政府已經講明唔可以「#踩過界」，原則上，私人、收費或豪華形式嘅康樂，都要係郊野公園以外。

翻查奠基郊野公園文件 "The Countryside and the People" 【註4】，政府將郊外康樂設施分為兩類：

Þ #公營普及康樂設施(General recreational facilities): 基本且適合大眾使用嘅康樂設施，例如燒烤爐、郊遊徑，費用全免；

Þ #私營特殊康樂設施(Specialized recreational facilities):有特定受眾嘅特殊設施，例如歷奇營、宿舍，甚或乎係豪華康樂設施，可以收費。

文件清楚指出，郊野公園及周邊地區嘅康樂設施策劃上，必須是「#先普及、#後特殊」（private organizations...should not be given undue preference in the allocation of land to the prejudice of the community in general) 。而私營特殊康樂設施通常環境足印較大，策劃時要小心考慮對周邊景觀(having regard to the likely detraction from scenic amenity)，所以呢類康樂設施都係郊野公園門口，例如大網仔、北潭涌，而非郊野公園核心。今次「升級」營地，即代表係郊野公園內現存營地落手，違反初衷。

根據郊野公園成立原則，豪華營地同樹頂歷奇，同「西貢昂平哥爾夫球場」一樣唔應該係郊野公園入面出現。

▍郊野公園 旅遊化、「打卡化」打開開發缺口

郊野公園並唔係主題樂園。解密檔案提到，郊野公園嘅成立有 #四大目標，包括「保育，康樂，資訊及教育」【註2】。而呢四大目標當中，保育被視為係重中之重（Conservation is one of the main theme that runs through all the park planning work），郊公入面嘅設施不得違背其精神。即係話，同保育無直接或間接關係嘅活動，例如樹頂歷奇同住豪華營地（同住酒店差唔多）呢啲主題式樂園活動，就只應該留返係郊野公園以外。

呢啲私有化、豪華化同旅遊化郊野公園嘅措施，一步步嘗試改變郊野公園屬性，慢慢將佢由公共財產，變成一個可開發嘅旅遊資源。若此缺口一開，不能排除旅遊化計劃例如度假村、XXYY樂園，將會接踵而來。

【參考文件】
香港歷史檔案編號 HKRS 1075-4-87 Sai Kung Country Park
香港歷史檔案編號 HKRS 684-3-24 Recreational Development and Nature Conservation Advisory Committee (NT) (General)

【註1】HONG KONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL — 8th October 1975 Official Records of Proceedings https://www.legco.gov.hk/yr75-76/english/lc_sitg/hansard/h751008.pdf
【註2】Country Parks Board Planning and Management Committee- Country Parks Planning an Introduction; Working Paper CPB/PMO/3/88. March 1988.
【註3】【馬鞍山郊野公園成立之初 已有地產商「睺住」】https://www.facebook.com/localresearch/photos/3665203243575722
【註4】The Countryside and the People- Report of the Provisional Council for the Use and Conservation of the Countryside. June 1968.

#財政預算案 
#郊野公園研究 
#搞乜郊野 

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- Luyện đọc đầu ngày: ALEXANDER HENDERSON (1831-1913)

Born in Scotland, Henderson emigrated to Canada in 1855 and became a well-known landscape photographer.

Alexander Henderson was born in Scotland in 1831 and was the son of a successful merchant. His grandfather, also called Alexander, had founded the family business, and later became the first chairman of the National Bank of Scotland. The family had extensive landholdings in Scotland. Besides its residence in Edinburgh, it owned Press Estate, 650 acres of farmland about 35 miles southeast of the city. The family often stayed at Press Castle, the large mansion on the northern edge of the property, and Alexander spent much of his childhood in the area, playing on the beach near Eyemouth or fishing in the streams nearby.

Even after he went to school at Murcheston Academy on the outskirts of Edinburgh, Henderson returned to Press at weekends. In 1849 he began a three-year apprenticeship to become an accountant. Although he never liked the prospect of a business career, he stayed with it to please his family. In October 1855, however, he emigrated to Canada with his wife Agnes Elder Robertson and they settled in Montreal.

Henderson learned photography in Montreal around the year 1857 and quickly took it up as a serious amateur. He became a personal friend and colleague of the Scottish-Canadian photographer William Notman. The two men made a photographic excursion to Niagara Falls in 1860 and they cooperated on experiments with magnesium flares as a source of artificial light in 1865. They belonged to the same societies and were among the founding members of the Art Association of Montreal. Henderson acted as chairman of the association's first meeting, which was held in Notman's studio on 11 January 1860.

In spite of their friendship, their styles of photography were quite different. While Notman's landscapes were noted for their bold realism, Henderson for the first 20 years of his career produced romantic images, showing the strong influence of the British landscape tradition. His artistic and technical progress was rapid and in 1865 he published his first major collection of landscape photographs. The publication had limited circulation (only seven copies have ever been found), and was called Canadian Views and Studies. The contents of each copy vary significantly and have proved a useful source for evaluating Henderson's early work.
In 1866, he gave up his business to open a photographic studio, advertising himself as a portrait and landscape photographer. From about 1870 he dropped portraiture to specialize in landscape photography and other views. His numerous photographs of city life revealed in street scenes, houses, and markets are alive with human activity, and although his favourite subject was landscape he usually composed his scenes around such human pursuits as farming the land, cutting ice on a river, or sailing down a woodland stream. There was sufficient demand for these types of scenes and others he took depicting the lumber trade, steamboats and waterfalls to enable him to make a living. There was little competing hobby or amateur photography before the late 1880s because of the time-consuming techniques involved and the weight of the equipment. People wanted to buy photographs as souvenirs of a trip or as gifts, and catering to this market, Henderson had stock photographs on display at his studio for mounting, framing, or inclusion in albums.

Henderson frequently exhibited his photographs in Montreal and abroad, in London, Edinburgh, Dublin, Paris, New York, and Philadelphia. He met with greater success in 1877 and 1878 in New York when he won first prizes in the exhibition held by E and HT Anthony and Company for landscapes using the Lambertype process. In 1878 his work won second prize at the world exhibition in Paris.

In the 1870s and 1880s Henderson travelled widely throughout Quebec and Ontario, in Canada, documenting the major cities of the two provinces and many of the villages in Quebec. He was especially fond of the wilderness and often travelled by canoe on the Blanche, du Lievre, and other noted eastern rivers. He went on several occasions to the Maritimes and in 1872 he sailed by yacht along the lower north shore of the St Lawrence River. That same year, while in the lower St Lawrence River region, he took some photographs of the construction of the Intercolonial Railway. This undertaking led in 1875 to a commission from the railway to record the principal structures along the almost-completed line connecting Montreal to Halifax. Commissions from other railways followed. In 1876 he photographed bridges on the Quebec, Montreal, Ottawa and Occidental Railway between Montreal and Ottawa. In 1885 he went west along the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) as far as Rogers Pass in British Columbia, where he took photographs of the mountains and the progress of construction.

In 1892 Henderson accepted a full-time position with the CPR as manager of a photographic department which he was to set up and administer. His duties included spending four months in the field each year. That summer he made his second trip west, photographing extensively along the railway line as far as Victoria. He continued in this post until 1897, when he retired completely from photography.

When Henderson died in 1913, his huge collection of glass negatives was stored in the basement of his house. Today collections of his work are held at the National Archives of Canada, Ottawa, and the McCord Museum of Canadian History, Montreal.

Extensive (adj): rộng
Outskirts (n): ngoại ô
Apprenticeship (n): thời gian học nghề
Excursion (n): chuyến du ngoạn
Artificial (adj): nhân tạo
Influence (n) /ˈɪnfluəns/ : sự ảnh hưởng
Artistic (adj) /ɑːˈtɪstɪk/ : đẹp
Rapid (adj) /ˈræpɪd/ : nhanh chóng
Significantly (adv) /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəntli/ : đáng kể
Specialize in (v) /ˈspeʃəlaɪz//ɪn/ : chuyên
Numerous (adj)/ˈnjuːmərəs/ : nhiều
Sufficient (adj) /səˈfɪʃnt/ : đủ
Demand (n)/dɪˈmɑːnd/ : nhu cầu
Exhibition (n) /ˌeksɪˈbɪʃn/: triển lãm
Wilderness (n) /ˈwɪldənəs/ : vùng hoang vu
Commission (n) /kəˈmɪʃn/ : nhiệm vụ
Administer (v) /ədˈmɪnɪstə(r)/: điều hành
Huge (adj) /hjuːdʒ/ : to lớn

Các bạn cùng tham khảo bài đọc này nhé! Trích từ Cambridge IELTS14 - giải chi tiết, có ai chưa có bản này không?

🏠我搬咗上海上"離地"生活，已經有2個月啦。

喺遊艇生活，每天感覺都好似渡假咁，尤其係宜家virus情況下，邊度都去唔到，更加珍惜呢個地方❤️

🤫小小分享: 1️⃣最初嚟到第一個星期嘅時候，返到陸地反而喺唔習慣，每日有幾個鐘，個人都係感覺搖下搖下。2️⃣完全無諗過我早2個星期，會係完全清醒嘅時候，由快艇跌咗落海🌊 我仲揪住兩袋餸同架買餸車一齊跌落海😂3️⃣落雨千祈唔好用紙袋！早幾日係舊屋搬野返船果時，捐左部switch比個海 😭(因為紙袋太濕穿左窿 GG)

It has been 2 months since I moved to onto a boat.

Here are some little sharing: 1.) I get so used to the sea wave, on the first week, I felt perfectly fine on the boat but when I get back to the land, I started to feel swaying for a few hours everyday. (they call it land sickness) 2.) Didn't expect the day I fall into the water from a boat is the day that I was completely sober, I even fell with a big bag of grocery and a shopping cart😂 3.) DO NOT use paper bag on a rainy day, I donated a Nintendo Switch to the sea last week. 😭

Bless me, not fall into the water once again lol
-
#boatlife⚓️ #theboatlife #mermaidlife #yachtlife #yacht #boatlife #hkgirl

2020 年大家係咪想旅行想到癲了呢？下次去一定要補返個報復式深度游 - 大家不妨考慮下我這個露營車擁抱大自然之旅！

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歡迎來到「Cocoland渡假小鎮」, 今次介紹Domo Land入口位置的城堡,
多摩城堡8-9成部分主要是由小明興建的, 可可則負責細節裝飾,
城堡後方是日出方向, 以及美麗的湖邊景色, 地點挑選得不錯吧^^~
遊樂場會向左右兩邊發展, 希望大家會喜歡今集的介紹^^~

可可會在這個系列分享我們的建築作品^^, 希望給大家一些創作靈感,
如果觀眾有任何感想或建築問題, 歡迎在下面留言給我! 謝謝~
來一起當個創世神的偉大建築師吧^^~

大家如果玩得開心的話, 請給我一個like支持我,
記得訂閱 - 成為可可遊樂場的專屬「VIP玩家」啦, 感謝^^~

【渡假小鎮】建築系列目錄 :
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Let's build amusement park/ castle.