🇩🇰 這是一篇深度報導,來自歐洲現存最古老的報紙:丹麥Weekendavisen,題目是從香港抗爭運動、香港聯繫加泰羅尼亞的集會,前瞻全球大城市的「永久革命」。一篇報導訪問了世界各地大量學者,我也在其中,雖然只是每人一句,加在一起,卻有了很完整的圖像。
以下為英譯:
Protest! The demonstrations in Hong Kong were just the beginning. Now there are unrest in big cities from Baghdad to Barcelona. Perhaps the stage is set for something that could look like a permanent revolution in the world's big cities.
A world on the barricades
At the end of October, an hour after dark, a group of young protesters gathered at the Chater Garden Park in Hong Kong. Some of them wore large red and yellow flags. The talk began and the applause filled the warm evening air. There were slogans of independence, and demands of self-determination - from Spain. For the protest was in sympathy with the Catalan independence movement.
At the same time, a group of Catalan protesters staged a protest in front of the Chinese Consulate in Barcelona in favor of Hong Kong's hope for more democracy. The message was not to be mistaken: We are in the same boat. Or, as Joshua Wong, one of the leading members of the Hong Kong protest movement, told the Catalan news agency: "The people of Hong Kong and Catalonia both deserve the right to decide their own destiny."
For much of 2019, Hong Kong's streets have been ravaged by fierce protests and a growing desperation on both sides, with escalating violence and vandalism ensuing. But what, do observers ask, if Hong Kong is not just a Chinese crisis, but a warning of anger that is about to break out globally?
Each week brings new turmoil from an unexpected edge. In recent days, attention has focused on Chile. Here, more than 20 people have lost their lives in unrest, which has mainly been about unequal distribution of economic goods. Before then, the unrest has hit places as diverse as Lebanon and the Czech Republic, Bolivia and Algeria, Russia and Sudan.
With such a geographical spread, it is difficult to bring the protests to any sort of common denominator, but they all reflect a form of powerlessness so acute that traditional ways of speaking do not seem adequate.
Hardy Merriman, head of research at the International Center for Nonviolent Conflict in Washington, is not in doubt that it is a real wave of protest and that we have not seen the ending yet.
"I have been researching non-violent resistance for 17 years, and to me it is obvious that there are far more popular protest movements now than before. Often the protests have roots in the way political systems work. Elsewhere, it is about welfare and economic inequality or both. The two sets of factors are often related, ”he says.
Economic powerlessness
Hong Kong is a good example of this. The desire among the majority of Hong Kong's seven million residents to maintain an independent political identity vis-à-vis the People's Republic of China is well known, but the resentment of the streets is also fueled by a sense of economic powerlessness. Hong Kong is one of the most unequal communities in the world, and especially the uneven access to the real estate market is causing a stir.
According to Lee Chun-wing, a sociologist at Hong Kong Polytechnic University, the turmoil in the city is not just facing Beijing, but also expressing a daunting showdown with the neoliberal economy, which should diminish the state's role and give the market more influence, but in its real form often ends with the brutal arbitrariness of jungle law.
'The many protests show that neoliberalism is unable to instill hope in many. And as one of the world's most neoliberal cities, Hong Kong is no exception. While the protests here are, of course, primarily political, there is no doubt that social polarization and economic inequality make many young people not afraid to participate in more radical protests and do not care whether they are accused of damage economic growth, 'he says.
The turmoil is now so extensive that it can no longer be dismissed as a coincidence. Something special and significant is happening. As UN Secretary General António Guterres put it last week, it would be wrong to stare blindly at the superficial differences between the factors that get people on the streets.
“There are also common features that are recurring across the continents and should force us to reflect and respond. It is clear that there is growing distrust between the people and the political elites and growing threats to the social contract. The world is struggling with the negative consequences of globalization and the new technologies that have led to growing inequality in individual societies, "he told reporters in New York.
Triggered by trifles
In many cases, the riots have been triggered by questions that may appear almost trivial on the surface. In Chile, there was an increase in the price of the capital's subway equivalent to 30 Danish cents, while in Lebanon there were reports of a tax on certain services on the Internet. In both places, it was just the reason why the people have been able to express a far more fundamental dissatisfaction.
In a broad sense, there are two situations where a population is rebelling, says Paul Almeida, who teaches sociology at the University of California, Merced. The first is when more opportunities suddenly open up and conditions get better. People are getting hungry for more and trying to pressure their politicians to give even more concessions.
“But then there is also the mobilization that takes place when people get worse. That seems to be the overall theme of the current protests, even in Hong Kong. People are concerned about various kinds of threats they face. It may be the threat of inferior economic conditions, or it may be a more political threat of erosion of rights. But the question is why it is happening right now. That's the 10,000-kroner issue, ”says Almeida.
Almeida, who has just published the book Social Movements: The Structure of Social Mobilization, even gives a possible answer. A growing authoritarian, anti-democratic flow has spread across the continents and united rulers in all countries, and among others it is the one that has now triggered a reaction in the peoples.
“There is a tendency for more use of force by the state power. If we look at the death toll in Latin America, they are high considering that the countries are democracies. This kind of violence is not usually expected in democratic regimes in connection with protests. It is an interesting trend and may be related to the authoritarian flow that is underway worldwide. It's worth watching, 'he says.
The authoritarian wave
Politologists Anna Lürhmann and Staffan Lindberg from the University of Gothenburg describe in a paper published earlier this year a "third autocratic wave." Unlike previous waves, for example, in the years before World War II, when democracy was beaten under great external drama , the new wave is characterized by creeping. It happens little by little - in countries like Turkey, Nicaragua, Venezuela, Hungary and Russia - at such a slow pace that you barely notice it.
Even old-fashioned autocrats nowadays understand the language of democracy - the only acceptable lingua franca in politics - and so the popular reaction does not happen very often when it becomes clear at once that the electoral process itself is not sufficient to secure democratic conditions. Against this backdrop, Kenneth Chan, a politician at Hong Kong Baptist University, sees the recent worldwide wave of unrest as an expression of the legitimacy crisis of the democratic regimes.
“People have become more likely to take the initiative and take part in direct actions because they feel that they have not made the changes they had hoped for through the elections. In fact, the leaders elected by the peoples are perceived as undermining the institutional guarantees of citizens' security, freedom, welfare and rights. As a result, over the past decade, we have seen more democracies reduced to semi-democracies, hybrid regimes and authoritarian regimes, ”he says.
"Therefore, we should also not be surprised by the new wave of resistance from the people. On the surface, the spark may be a relatively innocent or inconsiderate decision by the leadership, but people's anger quickly turns to what they see as the cause of the democratic deroute, that is, an arrogant and selfish leadership, a weakened democratic control, a dysfunctional civil society. who are no longer able to speak on behalf of the people. ”The world is changing. Anthony Ince, a cardiff at Cardiff University who has researched urban urban unrest, sees the uprisings as the culmination of long-term nagging discontent and an almost revolutionary situation where new can arise.
"The wider context is that the dominant world order - the global neoliberalism that has dominated since the 1980s - is under pressure from a number of sides, creating both uncertainty and at the same time the possibility of change. People may feel that we are in a period of uncertainty, confusion, anxiety, but perhaps also hope, ”he says.
Learning from each other.
Apart from mutual assurances of solidarity the protest movements in between, there does not appear to be any kind of coordination. But it may not be necessary either. In a time of social media, learning from each other's practices is easy, says Simon Shen, a University of Hong Kong political scientist.
“They learn from each other at the tactical level. Protesters in Hong Kong have seen what happened in Ukraine through YouTube, and now protesters in Catalonia and Lebanon are taking lessons from Hong Kong. It's reminiscent of 1968, when baby boomers around the globe were inspired by an alternative ideology to break down rigid hierarchies, 'he says.
But just as the protest movements can learn from each other, the same goes for their opponents. According to Harvard political scientist Erica Chenoweth, Russia has been particularly active in trying to establish cooperation with other authoritarian regimes, which feel threatened by riots in the style of the "color revolutions" on the periphery of the old Soviet empire at the turn of the century.
"It has resulted in joint efforts between Russian, Chinese, Iranian, Venezuelan, Belarusian, Syrian and other national authorities to develop, systematize and report on techniques and practices that have proved useful in trying to contain such threats," writes Chenoweth in an article in the journal Global Responsibility to Protect.
Max Fisher and Amanda Taub, commentators at the New York Times, point to the social media as a double-edged sword. Not only are Twitter and Facebook powerful weapons in the hands of tech-savvy autocrats. They are also of questionable value to the protesting grass roots. With WhatsApp and other new technologies, it is possible to mobilize large numbers of interested and almost-interested participants in collective action. But they quickly fall apart again.
The volatile affiliation is one of the reasons why, according to a recent survey, politically motivated protests today only succeed in reaching their targets in 30 percent of cases. A generation ago, the success rate was 70 percent. Therefore, unrest often recurs every few years, and they last longer, as Hong Kong is an example of. Perhaps the scene is set for something that might resemble a permanent revolution in the world's big cities - a kind of background noise that other residents will eventually just get used to.
"Since there is still no obvious alternative to neoliberalism, the polarization that led to the protests initially will probably continue to apply," says Lee of Hong Kong Polytechnic University. "At the same time, this means that the anger and frustration will continue to rumble in society."
同時也有23部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過373萬的網紅Xiaomanyc 小马在纽约,也在其Youtube影片中提到,Today I went into Chinese Latino restaurants and ordered in Chinese and Spanish simultaneously. They were totally shocked! This is a rare type of rest...
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latin america language 在 搶救急診室 Facebook 的精選貼文
I did not expect this thing to go viral (no pun intended) but I looked through some of the shares and their comments. Many were just as pleasantly surprised as I was and supportive of the need for universal healthcare. Some were skeptical about the price, one person thought this was in Thailand, a few made excuses to bash Taiwan’s health system despite them knowing nothing about it. So I thought I would clarify a few things:
1: Yes, Taiwan has a noticeably cheaper cost of living than the US, healthcare included. However, Taiwan isn’t /that/ cheap. There are places in Southeast Asia, Latin America, Africa and Eastern Europe that are significantly cheaper than Taiwan.
2: Taiwan is not a poor country by any measure. It’s GDP per capita is higher than Denmark, Austria and Canada.
3: Yes, doctors make less here, but it’s still considered a respected middle class profession. And there seems to be no shortage of them.
4: Some people argued that exchange rates mean US$80 is a fortune for a Taiwanese person. No, you just have a poor understanding of numismatics. The exchange rate has nothing to do with the overall cost. Just because $1 Taiwan dollar is US 3¢ doesn’t mean I can live large here. $50 Taiwan dollars won’t even buy you a Big Mac.
5: Yes, taxes pay for the healthcare here. No, they are not high. Try for yourself: The formula for the NHI monthly premium contribution for a single employed adult is:
[your monthly income] x 0.0469 (4.69%) x 0.3 (30%) = Your monthly out-of-pocket healthcare premium
6: It’s not perfect. Not everything is 100% covered. I had a good experience, but Im sure many people have had [non-financial] medical horror stories here.
7: This system exists because the Taiwanese government believes that healthcare is a right for all of its citizens, rather than a privilege for those who can afford it. Those aren’t my words, thats what the Ministry of Health said in its English language brochure. Every Taiwanese citizen and foreign permanent resident is entitled to, and required to enroll in the National Health Insurance Program (NHI). Everyone is covered, regardless of employment status, no one is uninsured, no one ever goes bankrupt due to medical bills.
I have yet to meet a Taiwanese person who wasn’t satisfied with, or even outright proud of their healthcare system. My expat friends praise it, even those from countries with universal healthcare systems of their own.
Taiwan is less wealthy than the US, yet it spends less and gets more out of its healthcare system. We see the same story repeat itself in every other developed nation. This debate is all so tiresome, because there is no debate. Universal healthcare works, it can be done here, it can be done in any country with sufficient resources. All we need is political will and an implementation plan. Pardon my French but, America, get your head out of your ass, and stop making excuses.
latin america language 在 翻譯這檔事 Facebook 的精選貼文
英文也有「被消失」
針對上一則關於「勘譯功德院」的發文,有位網友私訊表達支持,謝謝。但他說,「disappear 這個只能主動,不能用被動,因此要將was disappeared 改為disappeared才正確。即便是為了符合中文的『被消失』,似乎也不該以英文文法的正確性為代價。」
我的回覆:
抱歉我選擇公開回覆並且未具名引述你的話,因為這是一個切磋學習的機會。針對disappear當成及物動詞,請有興趣的朋友上網查詢這個「近期」的用法,英文中文皆然,我甚至認為,中文的新用法「被消失」很可能是仿自、翻譯自英文的to disappear someone; someone was disappeared。語言不斷演進,disappear做及物動詞,已有一百多年了歷史,好一點的、新一點的大字典已收。台灣的「規範派」(prescriptivist)制式英語學習環境或許還來不及教到這個字義。
例如,知名的American Heritage Dictionary第四版,未列出及物用法。幾年前推出的第五版,收了:
https://ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=disappear
這顯示,好字典必須與時俱進才不被淘汰。另一部著名的美式英語字典,Merriam-Webster,收得更早。
又如,下文指出,disappear的新義,語帶委婉或戲謔的用法,早在1961就有知名英文小說家使用了。
https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/111998/disappear-as-a-transitive-verb
// OED shows that disappear has been used as a transitive verb for a surprisingly long time:
3. trans. To cause to disappear.
1897 Chem. News 19 Mar. 143 : We progressively disappear the faces of the dodecahedron.
However its euphemistic use is a bit more recent, and specifically relates to the rule of the Argentine military junta in the late 1970s.
b. trans. euphem. To abduct or arrest (a person), esp. for political reasons, and subsequently to kill or detain as a prisoner, without making his or her fate known.Freq. with reference to Latin America. //
The modern, euphemistic, transitive use can be found many times before the OED's 1979 citation, in Joseph Heller's 1961 novel Catch-22:
She had urgent news about Dunbar.
'They're going to disappear him,' she said.
Yossarian squinted at her uncomprehendingly. 'They're what?' he asked in surprise, and laughed uneasily. 'What does that mean?'
'I don't know. I heard them talking behind a door.'
'Who?'
'I don't know. I couldn't see them. I just heard them say they were going to disappear Dunbar.'
'Why are they going to disappear him?'
'I don't know.'
'It doesn't make sense. It isn't even good grammar. What the hell does it mean when they disappear somebody?'
'I don't know.'
Jesus, you're a great help!'
'Why are you picking on me?' Nurse Duckett protested with hurt feelings, and began sniffing back tears. 'I'm only trying to help. It isn't my fault they're going to disappear him, is it? I shouldn't even be telling you.' //
StackExchange上的這個English Language & Usage論壇,深入紮實而優質,常有說母語且熱衷語言學的人士參與,是個發問、學習道地英語的大寶庫,大力推薦。也有一個較初階,專為英語學習者所設的版本,同樣高品質:
https://ell.stackexchange.com/
#EnglishGrammar
latin america language 在 Xiaomanyc 小马在纽约 Youtube 的最佳解答
Today I went into Chinese Latino restaurants and ordered in Chinese and Spanish simultaneously. They were totally shocked! This is a rare type of restaurant in NYC combining cuisine from both China and Latin America, run by Chinese people who immigrated to or grew up in Spanish-speaking countries. They speak fluent Spanish, English, and usually Cantonese or Mandarin as well. There used to be a strong Cuban Chinese restaurant scene in NYC, but those restaurants are almost nonexistent now -- however, there are still several other Chinese Latino restaurants in NYC. The ones I visited include:
La Dinastia
145 W 72nd St
New York, NY 10023
Caridad China
108 Graham Ave
Brooklyn, NY 11206
New Apolo
508 Grand St
Brooklyn, NY 11211
This was a really fun prank and social experiment but make sure to actually check the restaurants out!
Para ver este video en español, haga clic aquí: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=crC9986y8Zg
I’ve been learning Mandarin Chinese on and off for the past ten years, Spanish for the past two months during quarantine, and I speak a bit of Cantonese and Fuzhounese as well. Subscribe to my channel for more cool language learning videos!
Want to learn fluent Chinese like me? Check out my new beginner course and learn Chinese exactly how I wish I'd learned it: http://bit.ly/3tgq4d8
Discover the platform that I used to become fluent in Spanish in 20 days:
https://bit.ly/3oIStFk
Learning Spanish through Stories?
The course I used initially to give me a good foundation in Spanish was called “Spanish Uncovered” by the polyglot Olly Richards, which is a way to learn Spanish naturally through stories. I really enjoyed it, and it seems to be an excellent way to get a good foundation in a new language. http://bit.ly/3pPB0we
Subscribe to my channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCLNoXf8gq6vhwsrYp-l0J-Q?sub_confirmation=1
Follow me on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/xiaomanyc/
Follow me on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/xiaomanyc/
If you guys like the music in my videos, you can check out all the AMAZING music Epidemic Sound has at my affiliate link here: http://share.epidemicsound.com/xiaomanyc
latin america language 在 Xiaomanyc 小马在纽约 Youtube 的最讚貼文
For the first week of my 30-day Spanish challenge, I decided to try and learn to speak conversational Spanish in one week from scratch. Before starting this challenge I spoke almost no Spanish, and my goal was to see how much I could learn in just 5 days solely by putting maximal effort into conversational practice. Can you learn to speak Spanish in just one week by abandoning traditional language classes? By disregarding textbooks? Even without memorizing vocabulary? You can judge for yourself the results!
Thanks so much to my friend Nate for helping out with this video! Be sure to check out his channel at: http://www.youtube.com/c/NatesAdventures
Here are links to some of the resources I used to learn Spanish this week as mentioned in the video (none of these are sponsored and I’m not making any affiliate money if you sign up for these services):
For online tutoring I used Baselang, which offers unlimited Spanish tutoring with teachers based in Latin America (mostly Colombia and Venezuela). There are occasional hiccups with Internet connectivity but overall I quite enjoyed the quality of the teachers and the Baselang curriculum itself. https://bit.ly/3oIStFk
The course I used initially to give me a good foundation in Spanish was called “Spanish Uncovered” by the polyglot Olly Richards, which is a way to learn Spanish naturally through stories. I really enjoyed it, and it seems to be an excellent way to get a good foundation in a new language. http://bit.ly/3pPB0we
For finding Spanish speakers to do language exchange with, I used a great app called Tandem, which lets you find people from around the world to practice languages with (not just Spanish). https://www.tandem.net/
For finding random strangers to video chat with in Spanish (like Omegle or Chatroulette), I found a website called Bazoocam, which has a Spanish section. https://bazoocam.org/es/ (WARNING: this site is definitely not safe for work or for children. Like Omegle you will almost certainly encounter people exposing themselves — along with plenty of people who just want to chat!)
The game I was playing in where you can talk with people from around the world is called VRChat. It’s a really fun game and great for language practice, but note that you may encounter some NSFW stuff or sexual content here as well. https://www.vrchat.com/
Subscribe to my channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCLNoXf8gq6vhwsrYp-l0J-Q?sub_confirmation=1
Follow me on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/xiaomanyc/
Follow me on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/xiaomanyc/
If you guys like the music in my videos, you can check out all the AMAZING music Epidemic Sound has at my affiliate link here: http://share.epidemicsound.com/xiaomanyc
latin america language 在 Wall Street English Hong Kong Youtube 的精選貼文
Established in 1972, Wall Street English is the largest specialized English language teaching organization in the world. We have provided English training to over 2 million students across over 400 centres in 28 countries in Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America and the Middle East.
The company established its first Asian centre in Hong Kong in 2000 and has since expanded further into the region.
Wall Street English Hong Kong operates 6 centres catering to individuals and corporate students.
latin america language 在 Latin American Language Center - Home | Facebook 的推薦與評價
Latin American Language Center ... Our mission is "To provide an affordable, efficient, and fun language learning experience." We envision bringing people out of ... ... <看更多>