【渾水一片:還原香港海界爭議發展史】 (上篇) #都市化洋謀 #9月專研
過往在香港討論有關海洋邊界爭議,往往是香港以南的南海主權問題。事實上近年的焚船污染、明日大嶼、12人越洋、走私不斷等當下議題,都與海洋空間規劃、定界及海權問題有關,而香港早年殖民期的海界及海權作為各種海洋亂象之源,卻少有人深入探討。
翻查一系列關於香港水域爭議的英國解密檔案,整理過往殖民地時期有關香港「含糊」水域爭議的發展史,揭示牽涉複雜的海洋邊界政治,除了作為當時中英政治角力的前緣,亦有助我們了解現時香港水域範圍的歷史脈絡及源起。
一條海界 兩個表述
殖民地時期早年,香港的水域範圍一直未有公開確實的版本,亦引伸出有兩種不同的界線表述。
於20世紀初,根據《展拓香港界址專條》的香港地圖顯示,香港水域呈「方型」界線(square boundary )。根據一份關於新界邊界及現況的英國解密檔案(1962 CO 1030/1334 Status and boundaries of Hong Kong New Territories),當時中方海關經常巡邏於以大嶼山以西大澳水域一帶(方型界線以外),似乎更視其為中方水域。然而,早在1901年英方已有向港督提及,按照國際上的海洋慣例,一般領海 (normal territorial waters)寬度應為3海里 (three nautical miles),因而,香港領海界線應呈現為「彎曲型」(sinuous),比起「方形」範圍雖然多了大嶼山以西水域,同時卻損失了東南方一大片水域,作為最早期的香港水域範圍的兩個表述。
後續1911年修訂《釋義條例》(Interpretation Ordinance) 時,由於港督的錯誤公告字眼(wording of an incorrect Proclamation),令到香港水域繼續被闡釋為方型。
而這個錯誤的公告去到1950年被修訂。英方於1950年重新檢視與領海相關的條例,表示若沿用1937年英方對於《釋義條例》的闡釋,地圖所顯示的「方形」界線,只是英方租用中方領土的一條分界線(merely a line of delimitation of the area within which all territory was leased) ,並不是租用香港3海里以外的水域範圍(this did not mean that there was a purported lease of any waters outside normal territorial waters),可見,內部確立「彎曲型」的領海範圍。
參考一份1950年關於香港水域的英國解密檔案 (1950 CO 537 6036 Territorial water) 中的英方外交部內閣大臣Jim Griffiths跟港督的電報來往中顯示,因當時中日關係惡劣,為了保持當時英方中立 (neutral) 的立場。英方亦想盡量避免中日雙方於香港水域範圍發生衝突 (Jørgensen N. H. B., 2019),早於1937年至1939年,英方曾經指示香港水域要跟隨國際慣例,將領海寬度收窄至3海里。無獨有偶,1950年修訂《釋義條例》,已有英方法律意見表示當時擔心如果國、共兩軍在新海界(彎曲型)及舊海界(方型)之間的位置發生衝突,將會造成英方外交上尷尬,要盡快修例避免尷尬事件。可見,英方變動水域邊界時明顯有其政治考量。
即使已修例,1952年當時國際法庭 (International Court of Justice) 有關英挪漁業案(Anglo Norwegian Fisheries case)的判決 (Jørgensen N. H. B., 2019),提及使用哪種基線方式來劃定領海的爭議,促使香港律政司重提「方型」領海是否合法地代表香港水域,但建議被英方否決。其後在1958年,即使英國外交部再次表示「方型」範圍只是表示港英領土的一條分界線 (all land within the line thus shown is Hong Kong territory),但同時亦保留方型界線,聲稱為免影響航空航線。
早年香港水域邊界一直未被確實,即使在法律層面上,英方內部確立「彎曲型」領海範圍的合法性。然而,其後英方一直未有公開與中國共產黨政權講述其水域範圍,或擔心會侵犯中國領海主權。可見,香港水域一直受到變動中的海緣政治影響,經常遊走在當時國際上認可海洋慣例(彎曲型)與中英簽訂的《展拓香港界址專條》(方型)之間。
中方圍堵香港水域的預言?
水域範圍、基線劃定的方法及國際航海權一直是國際外交上一個十分敏感的議題。香港作為英國殖民地,卻緊貼住中國的領海範圍,除了香港水域定界,船隻來往香港的航道亦一直是英方十分頭痛的問題,稍有不慎,就會有被冠上侵犯中國海權的「辱華」罪名。
中方於1958年第一次聯合國海洋法公約(United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea),已經單方面將其領海範圍擴展至12海哩,英國宗主國當時內部表明會反對中方單方面的領海宣稱,擔心會發生圍堵香港水域的情況。
根據新界邊界及現況的英國解密檔案(1962 CO 1030/1334 Status and boundaries of Hong Kong New Territories)中的電報來往,當時港英內部評估,認為中方擴展領海將對香港造成「海陸空」影響,除了會收窄飛機的航道、需要重新佈線電纜和無線電纜、亦會限制海軍的演練空間,大大影響香港的船隻來往,來往公海的航道走廊更會收窄到1海里(corridor of international waters could be reduced to about one mile),形容「接近完全圍封香港」 (almost completely envelope Hong Kong)。
隨著國際共識的改變,在1972年第三次聯合國海洋法會議前夕,英方亦打算將國土領海範圍的3海里擴展至12海里。翻查另一份1972年關於香港水域爭議的英國解密檔案 (1972 FCO 21 1024 Territorial waters dispute between China and Hong Kong),當時英方內部考慮這次擴展海界,應否包括香港殖民地,並計劃在香港附近水域進行海道測量 (Hydrographic survey),明顯想放風測試中方反應。
然而,根據英國外交部及港英的內部電報來往,英方雖然一度打算在翌年與中方在第三次聯合國海洋法會議上提及香港殖民地水域擴展,但英方內部亦指出中方定會反對香港的水域擴展至12海里,除了因為香港擴展會跟中國水域重疊,中國亦一直視香港為固有領土,不可視香港為獨立的行政個體 (separate entity),應該維持現狀,限制今次香港擴海界。
呼應早期50年代有關中方圍堵香港水域的擔憂,英方擔心如果掀起討論,更有可能令香港航道問題惡化 (a risk that any such discussion would vitiate the present adequate though limited freedom of passage)。按英國外交部理解,中方只不過默許船隻在不進入擔桿列島5海哩範圍的前提下進入香港;如果中國「執正嚟做」嚴格實踐其12海里的主權宣稱,則連博寮海峽都不能通行 (a 12 mile limit strictly adhered to in this area would make normal surface access to Hong Kong through the Lemma Channel impossible)。最後,英方外交部為免觸動到中方神經,加上「信唔過」中方 (their good will… cannot be relied on a year ahead),建議的對策卻是避免「打草驚蛇」(let sleeping dogs lie),絕口不提香港擴海界。
直到1987年,英國正式將水域擴展到12海哩,但香港並沒有納入被擴展的範圍。在香港前途談判過程中,亦未有正式提及香港水域擴展12海里一事(Jørgensen N. H. B., 2019)。可見,面對中方進取的領海主權宣稱,英方在香港水域邊界問題上,尤其顯得無力。
香港「渾水」邊界的潛規則
面對中國擴海界後將會圍堵香港的擔憂,根據一份有關香港水域及其爭議的英國解密檔案(1968 FCO 21 547 Dispute with China about territorial waters),當中牽涉中英雙方就香港海界爭議鮮為人知的權宜之計(modus vivendi)。
事緣1968年一艘美國貨船於萬山群島近珠江口一帶(Lema Channel in the estuary of the Pearl River)被中方海軍的警告已入侵中方水域,檔案中有一份美國國務院情報與研究局官員Thoms L. Hughes事後對中國共產黨於香港鄰近水域的主權宣稱(Communist assertions of sovereignty over waters in the vicinity of Hong Kong)進行一份內部評估報告,提到中方不時會「放生」來往香港的商船。
於50年代初,船隻可以經萬山群島近珠江口一帶接近香港水域,可謂當時的潛規則(local ground rule)。然而,在中方宣稱12海里領海後,於1959年曾發出達20次警告,外國商船透過萬山群島近珠江口一帶接近香港期間入侵中方水域,並禁止一切外國船隻通往萬山群島近珠江口一帶,評估報告中亦提及多次美國商船及軍艦通往香港遇上中國海軍的事件。
然而,中方不但少有採取實際軍事行動,多是「口頭」表示抗議及警告外國船隻侵犯中國水域,更沒有對外公開批評數次入侵事件。就以上例子,美方評估中國當時並不是新的「強硬路線」宣示領海主權(new harder line from Peking),只是由於過多船隻進入萬山群島內沿而作出的回應(is a reaction to an increasing number of passages through the interior Lema Channel)[萬山群島內沿被中國視為內海]。
而當時美方估計中方「放生」的動機,很可能取決於政經考量,其一為不想失去香港作為(kill the goose)來往外國商船主要來往中國的航道,以及香港為中國帶來的外匯,而另一原因則是避免發生中國海軍與美國軍艦於海上起衝突。
此外,除了英方一直未有公佈香港水域邊界,中方一直並未有公開宣稱香港以西南的珠江通道12海里的精準劃界(public silence regarding the exact limits of its claim)。中英雙方基於政治考量,對於香港水域劃界及航道,更被美方稱靈活的實用主義(flexible pragmatism)。
而美方認為英方亦知悉船隻來往香港的「後路」,根據一份英方未被公開的非正式文件( informal note)顯示,除了船隻背後的註冊國家將成為影響進入香港的政治因素,英方更提及最合適的接近香港水域的航道,是經萬山群島以南以及擔桿頭島五海里以外(keep to the south of the Lima Group and five miles or more off Tam kan Head),港英政府早於五十年代,已廣傳這份文件到商船公司及中方,有共識地默許外國船隻經香港東南方水域,作為當時來往香港的「後路」。
可見,比起香港陸上的邊界,早期香港水域由定界、擴界到圍堵,可謂「渾水一片」。而當中牽涉複雜的海緣政治,亦顯示香港水域並非一條確確實實的邊界範圍,反而是中英雙方的妥協空間。而後來香港水域邊界將如何落實為現時版本?當中牽涉多少談判?而所引伸的一系列有關領海執法權以至政府管轄權的問題,將揭示香港水域日後跨境執法以至逃犯移交的爭議。(下集待續)
參考資料
Jørgensen, N. H. B. (2019). The (Unequal) Relationship between Hong Kong’s Waters and China’s Baselines. Asia-Pacific Journal of Ocean Law and Policy, 4(1), 1–27.
1950 CO 537/6036 Territorial water
1962 CO 1030/1334 Status and boundaries of Hong Kong New Territories
1968 FCO 21/547 Dispute with China about territorial waters
1972 FCO 21/1024 Territorial waters dispute between China and Hong Kong
1974 FCO 18/154 Hong Kong territorial waters
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同時也有22部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過8萬的網紅Jackz,也在其Youtube影片中提到,【當年今日】 這是最好的時代,也是最壞的時代。 有人說我們的社會撕裂,但我卻感受到香港人史無前例的團結。 It was the best of times, it was the worst of times. Some said social cleavages emerged in our c...
「law of the sea」的推薦目錄:
law of the sea 在 Facebook 的最佳貼文
100 PHIM CHÂU Á XUẤT SẮC
1. Tokyo Story (Ozu Yasujiro, 1953) – Japan
2. Rashomon (Kurosawa Akira, 1950) – Japan
3. In the Mood for Love (Wong Kar Wai, 2000) – Hong Kong
4. The Apu Trilogy (Satyajit Ray) – India
5. A City of Sadness (Hou Hsiao-hsien, 1989) – Taiwan
6. Seven Samurai (Kurosawa Akira, 1954) – Japan
7. A Brighter Summer Day (Edward Yang, 1991) – Taiwan
8. Spring in a Small Town (Fei Mu, 1948) – China
9. Still Life (Jia Zhang Ke, 2006) – China
10. The Housemaid (Kim Ki-young, 1960) – Korea
11. Close Up (Abbas Kiarostami, 1990) – Iran
12. A One and a Two (Edward Yang, 2000) – China
13. Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter… and Spring (Kim Ki-duk, 2003) – Korea
14. Oldboy (Park Chan-Wook, 2003) – Korea
15. Late Spring (Ozu Yasujiro, 1949) – Japan
16. A Taste of Cherry (Abbas Kiarostami, 1998) – Iran
17. Uncle Boonmee Who Can Recall His Past Lives (Apichatpng Weerasethakul, 2010) – Thailand
18. Ugetsu Monogatari (Mizoguchi Kenji, 1953) – Japan
19. The Music Room (Satyajit Ray, 1958) – India
20. The Cloud-capped Star (Ritwik Ghatak, 1960) – India
21.Where is the Friend’s Home (Abbas Kiarostami, 1987) – Iran
22. Raise the Red Lantern (Zhang Yimou, 1991) – China
23. Sopyonje (Im Kwon Taek, 1993) – Korea
24. Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon (Ang Lee, 2000) – Taiwan
25. Spirited Away (Miyazaki Hayao, 2001) – Japan
26. Tropical Malady (Apichatpong Weerasethakul, 2004) – Thailand
27. Mother (Bong Joon-ho, 2008) – Korea
28. Poetry (Lee Chang-dong, 2010) – Korea
29. A Separation (Asghar Farhadi, 2011) – Iran
30. A Touch of Zen (King Hu, 1969) – Taiwan
31. Manila in the Claws of Light (Lino Brocka, 1975) – Philippines
32. Mandala (In Kwon Taek, 1981) – Korea
33. A Moment of Innocence (Mohsen Makhmalbaf, 1981) – Iran
34. Happy Together (Wong Kar Wai, 1997) – Hong Kong
35. The River (Tsai Ming-Liang, 1997) – Taiwan
36. Blissfully Yours (Apichatong Weerasethakul, 2002) – Thailand
37. Awaara (Raj Kapoor, 1951) – India
38. Floating Clouds (Naruse Mikio, 1955) – Japan
39. Pyaasa (Guru Dutt, 1957) – India
40. The Lonely Wife (Satyajit Ray, 1964) – India
41. The Cow (Dariush Mehrjui, 1969) – Iran
42. Red Sorghum (Zhang Yimou, 1987) – China
43. Days of Being Wild (Wong Kar Wai, 1990) – Hong Kong
44. Farewell My Concubine (Chen Kaige, 1993) – China
45. Vive l’amour (Tsai Ming Liang, 1994) – Taiwan
46. The Adopted Son (Aktan Abdykalykov, 1998) – Kyrgyzstan
47. Peppermint Candy (Lee Chang-dong, 1999) – Korea
48. I Was Born, But… (Ozu Yasujiro, 1932) – Japan
49. The Story of the last Chrysanthemums (Mizoguchi Kenji, 1939) – Japan
50. Living [Ikiru] (Kurosawa Akira, 1952) – Japan
51. Sansho The Bailiff (Mizoguchi Kenji, 1954) – Japan
52. The House is Black (Forough Farrokhzad, 1963) – Iran
53. Woman in the Dunes (Teshigahara Hiroshi, 1964) – Japan
54. Scattered Clouds (Naruse Mikio, 1967) – Japan
55. Daughter in Law (Khodzhakuli Narliyev, 1972) – Turkmenistan
56. Dersu Uzala (Kurosawa Akira, 1975) – Japan
57. In the Realm of the Senses (Oshima Nagisa, 1976) – Japan
58. A time to live and a time to die (Hou Hsiao-hsien, 1985) – Taiwan
59. Through the Olive Trees (Abbas Kiarostami, 1994) – Iran
60. Children of Heaven (Majid Majidi, 1997) – Iran
61. Osama (Siddiq Barmak, 2003) – Afghanistan
62. West of Tracks (Wang Bing, 2003) – China
63. Paradise Now (Hany Abu Assad, 2005) – Palestine
64. Mukhsin (Yasmin Ahmad, 2006) – Malaysia
65. Secret Sunshine (Lee Chang-dong, 2007) – Korea
66. The Goddess (Wu Yonggang, 1934) – China
67. Humanity and Paper Balloons (Yamanaka Sadao, 1937) – Japan
68. Street Angels (Yuan Mizhi, 1937) – China
69. The Life of Oharu (Mizoguchi Kenji, 1952) – Japan
70. Mother India (Mehboob Khan, 1957) – India
71. Floating Weeds (Ozu Yasujiro, 1958) – Japan
72. Good Morning (Ozu Yasujiro, 1959) – Japan
73. Paper Flowers (Guru Dutt, 1959) – India
74. The Naked Island (Shindo Kaneto, 1960) – Japan
75. Intentions of Murder (Imamura Shohei, 1964) – Japan
76. A Man Vanishes (Imamura Shohei, 1967) – Japan
77. Holiday (Lee Man-hee, 1968) – Korea
78. The Cruel Sea (Khaled Al Siddiq, 1972) – Kuwait
79. Insiang (Lino Brocka, 1976) – Philippines
80. Vengeance Is Mine (Imamura Shohei, 1979) – Japan
81. Batch ’81 (Mike de Leon, 1982) – Philipines
82. Taipei Story (Edward Yang, 1984) – Taiwan
83. The Runner (Amir Naderi, 1985) – Iran
84. My Neighbor Totoro (Miyazaki Hayao, 1988) – Japan
85. Ju Dou (Zhang Yimou, 1990) – China
86. Life, and Nothing More (and Life Goes on…) (Abbas Kiarostami, 1992) – Iran
87. The Puppetmaster (Hou Hsiao-hsien, 1993) – Taiwan
88. Chungking express (Wong Kar Wai, 1994) – Hong Kong
89. The Scent Of Green Papaya (Tran Anh Hung, 1994) – Vietnam, France
90. Gabbeh (Mohsen Makhmalbaf, 1995) – Iran
91. The White Balloon (Jafar Panahi, 1995) – Iran
92. The Day a Pig Fell into The Well ( Hong Sangsoo, 1996) – Korea
93. Hana-bi (Kitaro Takeshi, 1997) – Japan
94. Flowers of Shanghai (Hou Hsiao-hsien, 1998) – Taiwan
95. Chunhyang (Im Kwon Taek, 1999) – Korea
96. The Color of Paradise (Majid Majidi, 1999) – Iran
97. The Poet (Garin Nugroho, 1999) – Iran
98. Blackboards (Samira Makhmalbaf, 2000) – Iran
99. The Circle (Jafar Panahi, 2000) – Iran
100. The Day I became a Woman (Marzieh Meshkini, 2000) – Iran
#whatever
law of the sea 在 Focus Taiwan Facebook 的最佳解答
Taiwan is an island, but previous decades of martial law prevented
people from getting near the sea. This meant people still had an
inhibition about exploring the surrounding waters even years after
martial law was lifted in 1987.
Two retirees -- James Chang and Jeremy Chen -- both in their 60s,
challenged this mindset. In 2018, they used a 14-feet wooden boat they
had built to sail around the island in 26 days, stopping at different
fishing ports to spend the night. In doing so, they became the first
people to sail around Taiwan in a sailing dinghy.
Chen, who had been drawn to the sea from a young age but only sailed
for the first time at age 50, recently published a book called
"Sailing Around Formosa in a Self-Built Dinghy," which chronicles
their months-long adventure, from building the boat to setting sail.
The more than 1,000-kilometer journey taught them not only how to
navigate a boat in Taiwan's surrounding waters under sometimes rough sea conditions, it also exposed them to the impact of human
activity on the marine ecology.
Along the way, they discovered the importance of friendship and the
meaning of life.
law of the sea 在 Jackz Youtube 的最佳貼文
【當年今日】
這是最好的時代,也是最壞的時代。
有人說我們的社會撕裂,但我卻感受到香港人史無前例的團結。
It was the best of times, it was the worst of times.
Some said social cleavages emerged in our city,
but what I witnessed was an unprecedented unity of HongKongers.
2019年6月16日,香港經歷有史以來最大規模的示威遊行活動。多達200萬人參與遊行,抗議政府修訂《逃犯條例》草案。除撤回修訂逃犯條例外,不少民眾要求行政長官林鄭月娥下台。身穿黑衣的示威人潮迫滿街頭,令港島一帶馬路宛如「黑海」。亦有不少人手持白花,紀念日前在太古廣場墜樓的「梁烈士」。示威者手持不同的標語表達訴求,當中包括「學生沒有暴動」、「釋放被捕人士」、「追究警暴」等等。當首批遊行人士抵達金鐘添馬公園終點的時候,仍有不少遊行人士在維多利亞公園等待出發。儘管香港在當年暑假發生了一連串的事件,特首林鄭月娥要到9月初才正式撤回備受爭議的《逃犯條例》修訂草案。
毋忘,勿諒。?
0:00 On 16 June 2019, Hong Kong experienced its largest protest in history.
0:05 As many as 2 million people demonstrated against the controversial extradition bill.
0:09 Many called for Chief Executive Carrie Lam to step down.
0:12 Protesters wearing black clothes filled streets and turned roads into a sea of black.
0:16 Many also mourned “martyr” Marco Leung, who fell to his death at Pacific Place the day before.
0:22 Demands reflected in placards included "Students are not rioters", "Release detained protesters" and "Investigate police brutality".
0:29 When the first group of marchers arrived at the march's endpoint, Tamar Park in Admiralty, there were still protesters waiting to leave Victoria Park in Causeway Bay.
0:35 Despite the infamous 721, 831 incidents throughout the summer, Carrie Lam did not declare full withdrawal of the controversial bill amendment until early September.
0:41 Never forget. Never forgive. ?
#兩年前 #二百萬零一人 #香港人加油
References:
【616遊行全紀錄】周一早晨示威者商議後轉往添馬公園集結,金鐘夏慤道重新開放
https://theinitium.com/article/20190616-hongkong-extradition-bill-protest-live/
Hong Kong Timeline 2019-2021: Anti-Extradition Protests & National Security Law
https://www.hrichina.org/en/hong-kong-timeline-2019-2021-anti-extradition-protests-national-security-law
Hong Kong protest: 'Nearly two million' join demonstration
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-48656471
![post-title](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/muyYPGHIZ5U/hqdefault.jpg)
law of the sea 在 約書亞樂團 Joshua Band Youtube 的精選貼文
生命活水 / Living Water
詞曲 / Simeon Neese & Zach Neese
演唱者/Gateway Worship ft. 約書亞樂團、趙治德
中譯詞 / 周巽光
樂譜連結 / https://www.pubu.com.tw/ebook/218938
[VERSE 1]
生命泉源 如果我渴慕 祢充滿
Water of life, what if I said I was thirsty
我的靈糧 如果我饑渴 祢餵養
Bread of life, what if I said I was hungry
[PRE CHORUS]
主我呼求 祢聖靈澆灌我
Would You pour Your Spirit on me Lord
榮耀降下來 有如水充滿洋海
Would Your Glory fall like the waters fill the sea
[CHORUS 1]
生命活水 環繞我
Living water cover me
以祢心跳衝擊我的靈
Flood my heart with every single beat
祢所是 滿足一切所需
All You are is all I’ll ever need
我愛祢 我愛祢
I love You, I love You
[VERSE 2]
生命源頭 祢說話使我 聽見祢
Author of life, speak Your Word so I can hear You
眾光之父 我只渴慕能 親近祢
Father of life, all I want is to be near You
[CHORUS 2]
生命活水 環繞我
Living water cover me
以祢心跳衝擊我的靈
Flood my heart with every single beat
祢所是 滿足一切所需
All You are is all I’ll ever need
我愛祢 我愛祢
I love You, I love You
Oh耶穌在這裡
Oh Jesus fill this room
每顆心都單單呼求祢
Every heart is crying out to You
迫切渴望看見祢運行
Desperately we need to see You move
我愛祢 我愛祢
We love You, We love You
[BRIDGE]
澆灌祢榮耀
Pour Your Glory down
澆灌祢榮耀
Pour Your Glory down
澆灌祢榮耀
Pour Your Glory down
讓饑渴的喝活水
Let the thirsty drink and live
-
Vocal Producer 璽恩SiEnVanessa
Backing Vocal 璽恩SiEnVanessa
Vocalists 陳州邦Ben Chen、杜威霖Bukun Isbabanal、鄭牧德Darren Cheng、陳雅玲Sunay Chen、馬永蒂Matilda Ma、蔡依純Anna Cai
Choir Directors 璽恩SiEnVanessa
Vocal Recorded by 李宛叡Rayya Li、劉員杰Francis Law
Vocal Edited by 劉淑莉Lily Liu
Vocals Recorded Live at Vision Studio
-
Producer Kyle Lee
Recorded Live by Mitch Waddell
Engineered by Patrick Smith at Gateway Studios, Southlake, TX; Kyle Lee at The Court, Franklin, TN
Mixed by Sean Moffitt at Yoda’s Palace Studios, Nashville, TN Except “Stand In Your Love” Mixed by Kyle Lee at The Court, Franklin, TN
Mix Assistant Daniel Mikesell
Mastered by Joe LaPorta at Sterling Sound, Edgewater, NJ
-
Acoustic Guitars Austin Benjamin, Mark Harris, Matthew Harris, Kyle Lee, David Moore, Andrew Morris & Levi Smith
Electric Guitars Cole Novak & Michael Phelps
Piano Julian Collazos, Kyle Lee & David Ramirez
Synth Pads Kevin Melton
Synth Programming Julian Collazos, Kyle Lee & David Ramirez
Bass Josiah Funderburk
Drums Ish Melton
-
Gateway Music Project Manager James Reid
Gateway Music Project Assistants Jessica Cisarik, Cady Claterbaugh & Caleb Jobe
Gateway Worship Project Managers Tiffany Buchanan & Hilary Johnston
-
奉獻 Asia for JESUS/ 約書亞樂團事工
https://goo.gl/5AAgQP
聯繫約書亞樂團:
https://www.joshua.com.tw/web/
-
這裡可以找到我們!
YouTube▸https://bit.ly/3hBNTH5
Apple Music▸https://apple.co/3Au41TK
Spotify▸https://spoti.fi/3As1fi4
KKBOX▸https://bit.ly/3dJyCTz
My Music▸https://bit.ly/2UnIVpA
friDay音樂▸https://bit.ly/2UkxJdm
LINE MUSIC▸https://bit.ly/3fyxAeu
-
異象工場官方商城▸https://shop.asiaforjesus.net/
約書亞樂團官網▸https://www.joshua.com.tw/
約書亞樂團Facebook▸https://www.facebook.com/joshuaband
約書亞樂團Instagram▸https://www.instagram.com/joshua_band/
約書亞樂團微博▸https://weibo.com/joshuaband
約書亞樂團微信▸joshuaband
![post-title](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/ynoH10BZCAc/hqdefault.jpg)
law of the sea 在 遊戲皮卡嚕 PikaLu Youtube 的最佳貼文
加入皮卡軍團⚔️首先按訂閱🎬並開啟小鈴鐺喔🔔
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-----
This channel is used only to recommend games and spread awareness of all the positive possibilities of gaming.
All videos are not intended to infringe any copyright law, only to assist commentary and recommendation.
If any producer or label has an issue with any of the uploads please get in contact (pikalu@zoho.eu) with me and I will delete it immediately (this includes artists of the images used).
Credits:
✔︎Sharks, jaws, Great white. The Big Five:https://youtu.be/XiDyaebx3FQ
✔︎Ocean Ramsey Encounters GIANT 20ft Great White Shark:https://youtu.be/BMsyssBXRsQ
✔︎Jaws (1975):Universal Pictures
✔︎Sharknado 3: Oh Hell No! (2015):Syfy Films
✔︎The Visual Effects of The Meg (2018):https://youtu.be/Y0SUEOpaAHI
✔︎The Shallows VFX Breakdown:https://youtu.be/z-bUo-gYa_8
✔︎Cat Transcendence- limitless:https://youtu.be/uwmeH6Rnj2E
✔︎Shark Tale (2004): DreamWorks Pictures
✔︎Maneater interview - PC Gaming Show 2019:https://youtu.be/1OBgKp5Ckxo
✔︎Maneater - The Game Awards 2019 Trailer:https://youtu.be/qbBSJwEREFE
✔︎Shark Tale Part 3 MC Hammer FT:https://youtu.be/-bYrsxL_GGw
BGM:
🎵Cinematic Epic Trailer Music by Infraction
🎵Epic Cinematic Dramatic Adventure Trailer.mp3
🎵Inkopolis News (Off the Hook) - Splatoon 2
🎵Tostarena_ Ruins - Super Mario Odyssey
🎵Spyro - Year of the Dragon OST_ Spooky Swamp
🎵The Little Mermaid | Under the Sea
🎵Player Make Splatoon OST
🎵Power Training Gym - Pokkén Tournament
🎵Theme of Phantom R – Rhythm Thief
🎵Gobblegut - Super Mario Galaxy 2
🎵Shark Tale (2004) - Can't Touch This
🎵Broken Coral (Ink Theory) - Splatoon 2 Soundtrack
🎵Shark Tale Game Soundtrack - Tell Me the Shark Tale
#遊戲皮卡嚕 #皮卡評分 #皮卡嚕
食人鲨 鯊魚黑幫 Maneater 威爾史密斯 海底總動員 開放世界鯊魚遊戲 值得買嗎 遊戲介紹 購買須知 聊Game 遊戲情報
![post-title](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/I7odxoGUHMs/hqdefault.jpg)