「地獄空」攝影集即將在八月中元節前出版,由知名設計師與攝影家黃子欽設計,內附在下二位高徒精美繪製符咒、心經版畫書籤、愣嚴咒牌、尊勝咒語...等,感恩十方大德助印,希望疫情退散,平安喜樂,後記如下:
野放台灣五十餘年,貪狼獨坐,三方四正殺破狼格局,少年多舛,白手起家,隨展覽雲遊四海,如閒雲野鶴常持各類底片機流連廢墟、山川、宮廟忘返,遂設幻影堂自詡堂主,一日三省「凡所有相皆是虛妄」,常宅於暗房沖片放大通宵、鍾情黑白世界之單純,彩色照片俗世繽紛花俏做作甜美甚至比現實更現實故少拍也。知天命之年有餘,了悟人生一瞬、眨眼即逝,雖非仙人,亦無道骨,初聞離垢地生清淨心,但離華嚴「不動地」尚遠,待修持也。
2017年盛暑拍畢《巨神連線》,心律不整差點心肌梗塞向閻羅王報到,意識死神隨伺在側,人生苦短,如何了生脫死、盡斷煩惱、無所罣礙、遠離顛倒……總不得解,蒙釋迦摩尼佛開示飆淚三晝夜,聞佛法數載始知自我渺如塵埃,甚感慚愧。閒暇乃參訪名寺古剎,禮敬焚香佛陀菩薩羅漢諸神天仙王爺媽娘,台灣宮廟千奇百怪、宗派錯綜複雜(佛教、道教、一貫道、天主教、基督教、齋教、回教&大同教、儒教鑾堂、天帝教&天德教、慈惠堂&勝安宮、軒轅教、道院、理教、萬國道德會、會靈山……)、神棍橫行(依人不依法、偶像崇拜、斂財、邪淫),因歷史變遷、社會動盪、政治鬥爭、意識形態等因素導致佛道混雜,但地獄造景稀少,後專注拍攝各殿閻王、判官、陰司、獄卒、七爺、八爺乃至一切罪人,各寺造景巧妙、耐人尋味,意境乖張溢於言表,造型扭曲非常人所能塑也,然匠心獨運、自成一格,專研西方藝術數十載方知真誠樸拙最美,絲毫不輸喬托(Giotto di Bondone,1267~1337)乃至米開朗基羅(Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni 1475 ~ 1564)矣。
創立於1986年的石門金剛宮風景優美可眺望北濱,雖主祀四面佛,儒釋道眾神尊也不含糊,可過七星橋解厄、繞行五百黝黑羅漢敲鑼印心、跪拜亞洲最大臥佛涅槃像,安太歲自不在話下,甲子太歲爺雙眼長出手掌印象甚深,1994年經閻羅王指示廟公建造一條肚內設極樂世界及陰曹地府之神龍,行走暗黑通道觸動感應機關,只見面容猙獰受刑者呼天搶地喊冤、身邊盡是血肉糢糊殘肢敗屍腦漿塗地,十殿閻羅各司其職、威儀攝人。新北市林口區青嶺湖北文紫祥宮包公廟則以壁面彩塑地獄浮雕獨步全台,粉嫩色彩搭配卡漫風格,尤為造型簡直恐怖到可愛透頂,該廟主祀森羅殿閻羅天子包拯(包青天),陽世冤屈者可至此參拜祭解,求破懸案者眾,逢中元普渡皆以紙紮船渡亡魂至彼岸,全台唯一閻羅天子巨像籌備中,四周環繞墓地,適合修不淨觀也。台灣首尊彰化八卦山大佛旁南天宮(1971)地府則是首座電動地府,規模精小但驚嚇度破表,略顯破敗但五光十色仍蠻凶悍,出自已故台南大道長金登富之作,而電動神明起始可追溯至1960年代北港朝天宮。倒是嘉義水上鄉白人牙膏觀光工廠「戴相府」、「將軍府」設置十殿地府出乎意料之外,乾淨亮麗、ㄧ殿ㄧ間、簡單樸實。由高雄蓮潭龍虎塔龍口入內可見全臺唯一交趾陶地獄牆面,尊尊栩栩如生,續入龍身乃進聞聲救苦白衣觀音大士三十三化身浮雕隧道,造型設色甚為古錐。高雄大岡山超峰寺入口處「西方三聖蓮池海會」(阿彌陀佛、觀世音菩薩、大勢至菩薩巨像)旁設靜態十殿閻羅(1970年代初),雖略為陳舊然韻味猶存,續往上行可抵「證菩提道-釋迦如來應化事迹」雕塑園區,一攬世尊畢生精華。如來年邁時,琉璃國王為報長期被釋迦族輕蔑之傲慢心,世尊雖三次單獨伽跌坐 阻擋大軍進攻之路,但因緣果報無法逆轉,昔日婢女所生王子瞋恨無以復加,還是滅了祖國。自持神通第一目犍連不忍無辜百姓慘遭屠殺,遂以缽盛救度五百族人,最終卻化為血水,佛言神通廣大仍不敵千百劫業力,因緣果報屢試不爽。其母死後墜入餓鬼道飢餓難耐,目犍連遂展神通救渡,但所食尚未入口皆化為赤火,佛陀囑咐農曆七月十五日僧眾解安居自恣日,於盆中設甘露美食供養十方僧眾,因此超度亡母。後世「盂蘭盆法會」乃至「水懺法會」、「瑜珈焰口法會 」皆為消業障、斷塵垢之超渡儀軌,既渡亡魂也自懺悔。
台南麻豆代天府規模宏大、造型豔麗,不但可遊十八層地獄尚可逛天堂(1979年興建,1983年開放),燈光絢爛、聲響駭人,獨自漫步宛如觀落陰、地獄走一回。先過「心頭山」、入「清心池」、進「陰陽界」、抵「交簿廳」、達「鬼門關」、遊「補經所」、探「枉死城」、行「奈何橋」,至ㄧ殿泰廣王照「孽鏡台」現造惡原形,睹抱柱、火床等小地獄。二殿楚江王開「陰查簿 」判案定奪,觀糞尿泥、餓鬼、舞池、寒冰、膿血、鞭韃、舌犁、劍葉、戟腹拋接、砧截……等小地獄。三殿宋帝王刑罰為倒吊、銅鐵刮臉、挖眼、搗樁、倒烤、吸血、穿肋、抽筋、蛆蛀等小地獄……兼遊「四生(胎、卵、濕、化)回魂府」。四殿五官王掌管腰斬、拔舌、沸湯、刺嘴、剝皮、箭樹、車崩、射眼……等十六小地獄。隨五殿森羅王豋「望鄉臺」回眸親人最終眼後觀擊膝、誅心、刀山、飛刀火石……小地獄。六殿卞城王別稱「大叫喚大地獄」,轄火牛、虎啖、噬腎、鉗嘴含鍼、釘喉、磨摧、砍頭……等小地獄。七殿泰山王為「熱惱大地獄」,窺烙手指、抽腸、頂石蹲身、油釜滾烹、割舌穿腮……等十六小地獄。八殿都市王掌管「大熱惱大地獄」兼火狗、鐵汁、鐵蛇、鋸劈斷肢、釘板、灸脊、鐵丸、磅秤……等小地獄。九殿平等王直轄十八層「阿鼻大地獄」,直透地心、內中陰森、不見五指、滿溢地漿,皆為極犯,另轄紫赤毒蛇鑽孔、夾頂、鐵鴉、針雨、蜂蠍……等小地獄。至十殿輪轉王上「觀生臺」、「轉劫所八司」(查驗司 、稽善司 、考過司 、恩怨司 、壽命司 、支配司、掌劫司 、授生司)後至「孟婆亭」飲「醧忘湯」忘盡前塵往事,依前世功德過金、銀、玉、石、木、竹六種橋樑至「轉輪臺(紫河車)」入六道輪迴轉生投胎。據《十八泥犁經》記載,人過世後七七四十九天為「中陰生」,經閻羅王審判善惡業力判定去留或懲罰百千萬劫,犯五逆重罪則墮入「無間地獄(阿鼻地獄)」永劫不復。地藏王乃幽冥教主,統轄十殿閻羅,逢三曹普渡便在各殿設「講道所」超度尚存善根之鬼魂。
人類居於五趣(阿修羅、人、傍生、餓鬼、地獄)雜居地五濁惡世之堪忍世界,犯十惡業(殺生、偷盜、邪淫、妄語、兩舌、惡口、綺語、貪慾、嗔恚、愚痴)者必墮三趣惡道。如何出「三界」(欲界、色界、無色界)二十八天?凡人無此意識,別說能破「十二因緣」(無明、行、識、名色、六入、觸、受、愛、取、有、生、老死)還滅門,更別想斷除「四聖諦」(苦、集、滅、道)集地八十一品見惑與八十八使思惑(五利使-身見、邊見、邪見、見取見、戒禁取見、五鈍使-貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑),了悟「五蘊」(色、受、想、行、識)本空、「十二入」(眼、耳、鼻、舌、意、色、聲、香、味、觸、法)空、「十八界」空,破俱生我執與分別我執、法執甚至空執,生十一處「善心所」(信、精進、慚、愧、無貪、無瞋、無痴、輕安、不放逸、行捨、不害),降二十六處「惡心所」(貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑、惡見、忿、恨、覆、惱、嫉、慳、誑、諂、害、憍、無慚、無愧、掉舉、惛沉、不信、懈怠、放逸、失念、散亂、不正知),須知善根斷盡則陷永劫輪迴、無垠轉世之苦。
地獄可能空滅嗎?若地獄空乏人間多鬼怪,地獄淨空世間何嘗非淨土?若能證空性何處現地獄?
地獄曠古來便廣泛流傳各部族間,老死生滅為自然運行之基礎、宇宙意識之核心,然今文明昌盛如咱城邦並非慾望消弭之所,惡性所及實無可根除,礙於憲法國家法律社會軍隊企業公司學校家庭團體之層層束縛不亞於十八層,乃遁於壓抑、束己情懷,暗埋心底、日久貪嗔痴慢疑怨噌會疊穢。而六塵未熄,心多妄念,妖魔鬼怪魑魅魍魎孤魂閃靈出沒於荒郊乃至人間,會靈於曠野密林以增性靈乃出世高人修煉之舉,我等凡人擅闖宛如迪士尼般之人造地獄,三魂七魄尚不足以出竅,驚邪恐怖淒厲猙獰倒滿足了自以為是的慚愧,豈不謬哉?
病毒肆虐年半有餘,全球確診者逼近一億八千萬,枉死者近四百萬,堪比戰爭規模,望眾生發慈悲心、令往生者安息、善待其他物種、平等有情眾生。地獄本空,唯妄念生起一切羨慕嫉妒恨而地獄現前。盡以此書作為世界新冷戰獨裁者、超限戰者、暗網駭客、陰險狡猾冷嘲熱諷落井下石者之良知備忘錄矣。
姚瑞中寫於2021年端午節
Postscript
I have been living recklessly in Taiwan for more than fifty years. According to Zi Wei Dou Shu (Purple Star Astrology), Tan Lang is the sole star in my house of Self. This star, which represents xxx, forms an equilateral triangle with that star Qi Sha and Po Jun on the square chart and constitutes a Sha Po Lang pattern. The pattern indicates a kind of turbulence and change, a life of wandering with ups and downs and it tells a lot about my life. After my ill-fated youth, I started from scratch and traveled around the world with exhibitions that I participated. Like a flaneur, I wandered around ruins, nature, and temples with every type of film camera obliviously. Thus, I founded the Hall of Illusion and claimed to be the master of the hall. Several times a day, I pondered a quote from the Diamond Sutra, “Everything with form is unreal.” In addition, I usually stayed in the darkroom developing film and enlarging those negatives overnight. However, I treasured the simplicity of the black and white world. The earthly, gaudy, garish, phony and pleasing qualities within colored photos make the images even more realistic than the real world. It is not my cup of tea, so I seldom took colored photos. In Confucian thought, the age of fifty marks the stage knowing the mandate of Heaven. I am now at my fifties and realize how ephemeral human life is. However, I am not an immortal, nor having sagelike characteristics. I just learned that the stage of stainless (the second bhūmi) and develop a pure mind that is free from doubt and defilement. However, I’m still far from the immovable state and need to practice.
In the summer of 2017, after filming the work Incarnation, I experienced a severe heart rhythm problem which almost triggered myocardial infarction and could have killed me. Consequently, I realized that death was waiting for me and the life is too short to figure out how I can liberate myself from the cycle of Birth and Death. I couldn’t comprehend how to be free from all afflictions and worries and how to avoid delusive ideas. I wept for three days and nights after being enlightened by Shakyamuni Buddha. Up to the moment, I felt ashamed that I failed to realize that the self is as insignificant as dust after these years learning and practicing Buddhism. Since then, I have visited famous temples and monasteries in my spare time, worshiping Buddha, Bodhisattvas, arhats, and all the deities and immortals. Taiwan’s temples are myriad with a enormous number of sects, including Buddhism, Taoism, Yiguandao, Catholicism, Christianity, Chinese religions of fasting, Islam& Baháʼí Faith, Confucianism, Tiandiism& Tian-De Teachings, Xiwangmu cult, Yellow Emperor Sect, Precosmic Salvationism, Liism, World Wide Ethical Society, séance cult, etc. Some people even claim that they can mediate communication between the deities or spirits of the dead with human beings, having their believer rely on themselves instead of the orthodox dharma or dogma and pay excessive respect and admiration for the mediums or objects, accumulating wealth through such an unfair means or even harassing their believer sexually. Due to Taiwan’s historical changes, social turbulence, political struggles, and ideological issues, Buddhism and Taoism are somehow mixed. However, there are few emphases on the concept of the hell. As I took photographs of Yama of each court, judges, wardens of the underworld, jailers, General Fan and Hsieh (the ghost escorts) and all sinners, I found few temples cleverly created hellish scenes that are intriguing, exaggerating, and extraordinary. However, the creations are unparalleled unique. I have been studying Western arts for decades and then I came to realize that simplicity makes the most beautiful works of art. These hellish scenes can even compete with works of Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337) and Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (1475-1564).
Jingang Temple Shimen District, founded in 1986, overlooks the beautiful North shore. Although the temple is mainly dedicated to Phra Phrom (the Thai representation of Mahabrahma), spirits of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism can also be founded in the temple. The worshipper can go cross the Seven Star bridge to relieve bad luck, walk along the five hundred arhat statues and knock on the gong to affirm one’s Buddha nature. Furthermore, the worshipper can also prostrate themself before Asia’s largest statue of Buddha in Nirvana (the Reclining Buddha statue) and pacify the Taoist Tai Sui deity of the year. I was impressed by the Jia-Zi Tai Sui General that a pair of palms grow out of his eyes. In 1994, the biō-kong (the person taking charge of the temporal affairs of a temple) received a divine inspiration from Yama (the King of Hell) that he had to build a sacred hall in the shape of a divine dragon, with the interior designed according to the World of Ultimate Bliss and the Underworld. When the visitor walks in the dark hallway, they will see the tortured people (dioramas, of course) scrunching their faces and crying bitterly and loudly in excessive grief as the visitor triggers the mechanism. One will even find them in the midst of flesh, body liquid and blood, mutilated limbs, and rotten corpses. While each of the ten Yamas are focusing on their own duties, showing their sacred dignity that collect visitors’ attention. The Baogong Temple in Linkou District, New Taipei City exclusively features colorful depiction of hellish scenes in relief in Taiwan. With its pastel shades and cartoon-like style, the relief is both grotesque and adorable at the same time. This temple is dedicated to Bao Zhen (also known as Justice Bao) representing the incarnation of Yama. Living people who have been treated unjustly can come worshipping Bao Gong and receive exorcism. Therefore, many people come here for seeking to solve unsolved cases. In Zhongyuan Festival (the ghost festival), the temple will burn the Zhizha (paper craft) boat to ferry the ghosts to the other shore, which is the shore of enlightenment. The only giant statue of Yama in Taiwan is still in the making. The temple is surrounded by a cemetery, suitable for meditating on the loathsomeness and impurity. Nantian Temple (1971), located next to the Eight Trigram Mountains Buddha in Changhua, features the first animatronic underworld. Despite the small size, the animatronic underworld is intensely shocking. Though it’s slightly worn, the colorful dioramas are still brutally ferocious. The creator was the late venerable Dao Zhang (Taoist priest) Jing Deng-fu while the origin of animatronic deities can be traced back to the 1960s Beigang Chaotian Temple. On the contrary, the Whiteman Toothpaste Tourism Factory in Shuishang Township, Chiayi, features ten Yamas with individual booth. The place is unexpectedly clean and polished yet keeps a simple and modest tone. Then, the Dragon Pagoda of the Dragon and Tiger Pagodas at Lotus Lake in Zuoying, Kaohsiung, holds the only relief of hellish scenes made of Kochin ceramic. All the figures are vivid and life-like. If one goes further into the pagoda, they will see a relief tunnel of the thirty-three incarnations of the white-robed form of Guanyin (Avalokiteśvara) on a white lotus, with a lovely and interesting design. Another Hall of Yama is built in the 1970s next to the entrance of Dagangshan Chaofeng Temple, located in the Alian District of Kaohsiung. Visitors will also see three statues of the Three Holy Ones of the Western Pureland (Amitābha, Avalokiteśvara, Mahāsthāmaprāpta) which assemble at a lotus pond. Although the hellish scene looks somewhat antiquated, you may still find its previous charm. If one goes further, they will reach the sculptural garden of “Attaining the Bodhi Way: the Incarnation of Sakyamuni Buddha,” where the visitor can see the essence of Bhagavato’s (meaning the Blessed one, one of the common epithets for Buddha) life. When Tathāgata (another epithet for Buddha) was old, the king of Kosala wanted to avenge the arrogance of the tribe of Shakyas who had long despised him, regarding him as a son of a maiden. Although Buddha has sat in lotus position alone three times to stop the army from attacking his tribe. However, one can never reverse the cause and following karma. The prince born of a maiden was so furious that he eventually destroyed his homeland. Maudgalyāyana (one of the Buddha’s closest disciples), who is said to have had supernatural abilities that surpassed the other disciples, could not bear to see the slaughter of innocent people. Thus, he saved five hundred people of his tribe with a pātra (an eating utensil of Buddhist monks). Unfortunately, everything he did was in vain, those who were saved eventually turned into a puddle of blood. The Buddha said that the supernatural abilities cannot surpass the power of karma. The cause and effect work all the time. When Maudgalyāyana’s mother fell into the path of hungry ghost, he used his supernatural abilities to save his mother from hunger. However, all the food turned into fire before being fed to his mother. Later, the Buddha commanded the monks to put nectar and dishes in a basin on the 15th day of the seventh month in the lunar calendar for the monks from all directions to free his mother from reincarnation. In later times, the Ullambana Dharma Service, the Compassionate Samadhi Water Repentance, and the Yoga Collection for Feeding the Searing Mouths Dharma Service are rituals to eliminate karmic hindrance and to cease to worldly delusions. Through such practices, one can free the dead as well as confess their repentance.
Madou Daitian Temple is a magnificent and colorful temple in Tainan. Not only can the worshippers visit the eighteen levels of Hell but also the Heaven (it was built in 1979 and inaugurated in 1983) here. The lighting and sound effects are stunning and frightening. When walking alone in the space, one may feel like taking a Guan Luo Yin trip (a Taoist necromancy which leads people’s spirits to hell and communicate with the dead ones) to visit the underworld prison. Before arriving the first court of the underworld, the visitor will walk through the Mountain of Heart Summit, the Pure Heart Pond, the Frontier between the Living and the Dead Realms, the Soul Registry Hall, the Portico of Demons, the Center for Complementary Teaching of Canonical Books, the Citadel of Premature Death, and the Bridge of Vanity. When one arrives at the first court, they will see King Chin-guang, who is in charge of the court, using the Mirror of Retribution to show the earthly form of evil creatures and also witness the sub-hell of Pillar-Holding and Fire Bed, etc. At the second court, King Chu-jiang collates the register of sins the souls of the dead have committed to impose the punishments. Here, you will see the sub-hell of Excrement and Urine, Hungry Ghost, Burning Dance Floor, Ice, Pus and Blood, Whipping, Tongue-Raking, Sword Blade, Stomach-Piercing, Chopping, etc. Next, the dead at the third court, ruled by King Song-di, will receive the punishments including inversion tortures, face-skinning with steel and copper knife, eye-wrenching, pounding, blood-sucking, rib-piercing, roasting, tendon-taking, being eaten by maggots. The visitor can pay a visit to the Palace of Soul-Resuscitation for the Four Forms of Creatures (birth from an egg, birth from a womb, birth from moisture, and birth by transformation). King Wu-guan is in charge of the fourth court. There are sixteen sub-hells at the fourth court including Waist Chop, Tongue Removal, Boiling Pond, Mouth-stabbing, Skin-peeling, Sword Tree, Burning Wheels and Cart, Eye-shooting, etc. Next, at the fifth court, sinful souls are allowed to ascend the Tower of Hometown-Viewing to take a final look of their family. The visitor will witness sub-hells of Knee-striking, Heart-slicing, Blade Mountain, Flying Swords and Burning Stones, etc. The King of Bian City takes charge of the sixth court, which is also known as the “Great Hell of Screaming,” with sub-hells including Fire Cattle, Tiger-Biting, Kidney-Eating, Mouth-Poking, Throat-Nailing, Iron Mill, Decapitation, etc. The King of Tai-shan is in charge of the seventh court, the “Great Hell of Heat and Fire.” The sixteen sub-hells at this court include Finger-Searing, Bowel-Hauling, Stone-Bearing, Boiling Oil, Tongue-Removal and Cheek-Piercing, etc. Next, the King Du-shi is in charge of the eighth court, the “Great Hell of Intense Fire and Heat,” and the sub-hells including Fire Dogs, Molten Iron, Iron Snakes, Dismemberment, Steel Spikes, Burning-Marrow, Iron Ball, Scale, etc. The ninth court is ruled by the King Ping-deng. It is known as the biggest court, Avici Hell (the Hell of Incessant Suffering), which if the lowest level of the hell realm and the interior is gloomily and terrifyingly dark. Those who committed the most serious evil deed will be sent to the Avici Hell. Sub-hells such as Poisonous Snake, Brain-Removal, Crow-Gnawing, Raining Needles, Wasps and Scorpions are included at this court. After arriving the tenth court, ruled by the Great King of the Reincarnation Palace, one can visit the “Observatory of Life on earth” and the “eight bureaus of the Reincarnation Palace” (including the Bureau of Judicial Control, the Bureau of Good-Actions, the Bureau of Bad-Actions, the Bureau of Debts, Gratitude, and Vengeance, the Bureau of Longevity and Destiny, the Bureau of Familial Ties, the Bureau of the Reincarnated, and the Bureau of Birth). The sinful one will be sent to the Pavilion of Mengpo and made to drink the Soup of Forgetfulness to forget all past affairs. According to the sinful one’s merits of previous life, they will go across one of the six bridges (gold, silver, jade, stone, wood, bamboo) to the “Reincarnation-Wheel (Wheel on the Crimson River).” Finally, one is able to reborn in the six realms. According to the Aṣṭadaśa nāraka sutra ( the Eighteen Hells Sutra), after one passes away, they will enter an intermediate and transitional state between death and rebirth, known as antarābhava in Sanskrit, for forty-nine days. The being will be evaluated by Yama, who will decide if one should get reborn or get punished at the hell. Those who committed the Five Grave Offenses (killing one’s father, killing one’s mother, killing an Arhat, shedding the blood of a Buddha, and creating a schism within the community of Buddhist monks and nun who practice for attaining enlightenment.) will be sent to the Avici Hell and stay there eternally. Kṣitigarbha is the Lord of the Nether World, ruling the ten court of Hell. The lord will set up the “Hall of Teaching” at each court to salvage those sinful ones who still obtain few merits at the offering rituals.
Human beings live the Sahā world (sahāloka in Sanskrit, meaning “endurance of suffering,” a concept of mundane world in Mahāyāna Buddhism) where they share with other reincarnations (including beings of the hells, of the preta, and of malevolent nature spirits) with five turbidities (the Kalpa turbidity, the view turbidity, the affliction turbidity, the living beings turbidity, and the life turbidity). Those who commit the ten evil deeds (killing, stealing, adultery, lying, using immoral language, slandering, equivocating, coveting, anger, and false views) must fall into the three evil paths (animals, preta, and hell). However, how can one escape from the three realms/ twenty-eight heavens (including the six heavens of the desire realm, the eighteen heavens of the form realm, and the four heavens of the formless realm)? Worldly people who don’t have such an awareness cannot leave the cycle of the twelve nidanas (meaning causes or motivations), let alone eliminate the eighty-one afflictions (that have been produced due to misunderstanding regarding reality) and the eighty-eight illusions (including five afflictions of advanced practitioners, also known as five views: view of self, extreme view, evil view, view of attachment to views, and view of morality; and five unintelligent temptations: desire, anger, stupidity, arrogance, and doubt) of thought within the three realms and four Arya satyas (noble truths, including suffering, arising, ending, and path). They cannot realize that the essence of the five skandhas (referring to aggregates of clinging, including the matter of form, sensation, recognition, mental formation, and consciousness) , the twelve ayatana (meaning sense base, including six internal bases: eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind and six external bases: visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects), and the eighteen dhātavah (meaning compositional elements of human existence, including six consciousness, six faculties, and their objects) are the emptiness and the void. Furthermore, they cannot dispel the two reasons for clinging to the idea of the self and the attachment to elemental constructs and even believe in the two (false) tenets that that karma and nirvana are not real and that the ego and phenomena are real. As a consequence, they fail to develop the eleven wholesome mental factors (faith, energy, conscience, being ashamed, non-attachment, non-aggression, non-delusion, calmness, equanimity, conscientiousness, and non-injuriousness) and cease the sixteen unwholesome mental factors (desire, greed, anger, delusion, arrogance, doubt, wrong view, wrath, enmity, hypocrisy, vexation, jealousy, parsimony, deceit, flattery, harming, ambitiousness, stupidity, lacking of faith, idleness, being unrestrained, forgetting, distraction, non-discernment, ). One must bear in mind that once all our virtuous roots are discontinued, they will be trapped in the never-ending reincarnation and the suffering of infinite continuity.
Is it possible that the hell will be empty one day? If the beings in hell will become extinct while evil spirits inhabit the mundane world, the world could be considered as a pure land. If we could witness the nature of the void, then hell will exist no more.
Since ancient times, the concept of hell has been widely spread among all tribes. Aging, death, beginning, and end are the basis of nature and the core of cosmic consciousness. However, the prosperous civilization as our island is not a place where desire can be eliminated. It’s impossible to eradicate evil nature. Since fetters brought by the constitution, the state, the law, society, the military, corporations, schools, families, and groups are not less than the eighteen levels of hell, the mortals repress themselves, bury their feelings. Day after day, greed, anger, stupidity, arrogance, doubt, and resentment are stacking. However, since the six dust (visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects) has not yet been extinguished, people in the mundane world are still full of delusions. The demons, devils, evil spirits, and the wondering dead exist in the wilderness, while only advanced practitioners with transcendent would attempt to make contact with the dead in the wasteland and forest. Worldly people like us trespass in Disneyland-like man-made hell. It is absurd and ridiculous that the hellish scenes cannot stop us from perpetrating evil deeds, but the horrific and cruel scenes yet satisfy our self-righteous shame.
The pandemic has been boiling over for more than a year and a half. The number of infected patients worldwide is nearly a hundred and eighty million, and the death toll has risen to four million, which is equivalent to a war crisis. I hope that we can all be compassionate, give peace to the dead, treat all sentient beings well and equally. The hell is innately empty; however, deluded and misleading thoughts would give rise to all jealousy and hatred and then manifest the hell before us. This book merely serves as a memorandum of conscience for dictators of the world’s new cold war, supporters of unrestrained warfare, dark web hackers, and those who are cunning and contemptuous and maltreat others when knowing they have problems.
June 2021,
Yao Jui-chung
同時也有4部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過9,750的網紅Dainghia25,也在其Youtube影片中提到,How to complete the Eyes on Target mission for Mendoza in Hitman 3 In the Hitman 3 contract Mendoza, which occurs in Argentina, you are tasked with ta...
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“A chef without a kitchen is just a sad chef!”
~ A quote by #AliOmarMukhlis
Since the beginning of our planning and designing process for #TheOldForgeCottage 🏡 Mr Dad has been telling us that he’s been dreaming of a duck egg blue kitchen. Not just any blue, but he loves the English classic shade of duck egg blue!
However, Dr Auntie and I are more keen on having a pink kitchen. We are not a big fan of pink but we’ve used other shades for the rest of our house and we think the shade of pink will make a nice contrast to the hallway of the stable building.
Obviously Mr Dad cringed at the idea of having a pink kitchen. And oh boy, we all struggled to find the perfect pink for our kitchen since none of us are pink lovers.
After testing dozens of pink paint samples, we finally settled on the #CinderRose from Farrow & Ball . It’s not really a pinky pink but more of a dusky pink. Or as described by @farrowandball,
#CinderRose is a wildly romantic rose pink. 😍
Anyway, we didn’t leave Mr Dad broken-hearted since he is the Head Chef of our home. We surprised him with a duck egg blue range cooker instead! 🥰
In the end, we all lived happily ever after…🤪
Pink vs blue,
Mrs Mom
#wisemomsays
p/s: Swipe to the 2nd photo to see the real shade of #CinderRose cos today’s photos have been spoiled by the flash!
make hallway 在 Eric's English Lounge Facebook 的最讚貼文
[教育時評] Distance Learning 遠程教學
I personally feel that universities will fully embrace distance learning and relevant technologies will be rapidly developed as a result.
個人認為,大學院校將會全面擁抱遠程教學,而相關科技也將因此迅速發展。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
US Universities Move Classes Online
The day after colleges across the country suspended classes over fears of the coronavirus, Abigail Lockhart-Calpito, a freshman from San Antonio, ran across the Harvard campus trying to get answers. Her lectures were being replaced by online classes. Her residence hall was being cleared out. She, like thousands of others in her shoes, had a million questions: What was going to happen to her financial aid? Where would she stay? What about her credits?
1. over fears of 擔心、擔憂
2. financial aid 助學金
3. school credit 學分
全國大學院校因新冠病毒擔憂停課的第二天,來自聖安東尼奧的大一學生阿比蓋爾·洛哈特-卡皮托(Abigail Lockhart-Calpito)在哈佛校園裡四處奔走尋找答案。她的課換成了在線教學。她的宿舍要騰空。現在,她和其他幾萬名面臨同樣處境的學生一樣,腦中有無數疑問:助學金怎麼辦?搬到哪裡去?學分呢?
★★★★★★★★★★★★
The abrupt disruption of the semester caused widespread concern and a feeling of chaos on campuses across the country. Administrators saw spring break as a chance to reset the clock in the battle against the coronavirus. One after the other, like dominoes, they announced they were suspending classes and asking students to pack up and go.
4. abrupt disruption 突然中斷
5. cause widespread concern 引發擔憂的蔓延
6. a feeling of chaos 混亂的感覺
7. across the country 在全國範圍內
8. reset the clock 歸零,重置
9. the battle against…對抗…的戰役
10. dominoes 多米諾骨牌
11. pack up 打包
在全國範圍內,學期被突然打斷,擔憂和一種陷入混亂的感覺在校園裡蔓延。管理者認為,春假是開始抗擊新冠病毒疫情的好時機,於是,如多米諾骨牌一般,他們一個接一個地宣布停課,並讓學生打包離開。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
On Wednesday, the closures continued. Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo of New York declared that the state and city university systems would move to distance learning, as did the University of Pennsylvania, several California State campuses, the Claremont Colleges, Iowa State, Georgetown, Pepperdine, Villanova, Notre Dame, Michigan State and Washington University in St. Louis, among others.
12. closure of 關閉
13. move to 移至
14. distance learning* 遠程教學
15. online learning 線上學習
星期三,更多學校關閉。紐約州州長安德魯·M·科莫(Andrew M. Cuomo)宣布,所有州屬、市屬大學都改為遠程教學。採取同樣措施的,還有賓夕法尼亞大學、加利福尼亞州立大學的幾所分校、克萊蒙特學院、愛荷華州立大學、喬治城大學、佩珀代因大學、維拉諾瓦大學、聖母大學、密西根州立大學和聖路易斯華盛頓大學等等。
*In a nutshell, the key difference between online learning and distance learning is geography. Students can be together with an instructor and use online learning, but distance learning implies that students and instructor are separated.
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Infectious disease specialists said that dormitories, with their communal bathrooms as well as dining halls with open buffets, are like cruise ships, with students squeezed together and facing increased risk of infection. Emptying them out, if only partially, is necessary, they said.
16. infectious disease 傳染病
17. dormitory 學生宿舍
18. communal bathrooms 公共浴室
19. open buffet 開放式自助餐
20. face increased risk of infection 面臨感染風險增加
傳染病專家說,學生宿舍裡有公共浴室和提供自助餐的食堂,學生被圈擠在一起,與郵輪一樣面臨高感染風險。他們說,把宿舍清空,即使只是一部分,也是必要的。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Even those on the way to college in the fall felt the impact on Wednesday, as the SAT exam scheduled for Saturday was canceled in 18 countries and at more than 120 U.S. schools. In many cases, no alternative locations or makeup dates were offered.
21. on the way to 正要
22. feel the impact 感受到影響
23. be scheduled for 被排定於
24. in many cases 很多的例子
25. no alternative 沒有替代方案
即便那些秋季才入學的學生,也在週三感受到了影響。週三,18個國家和超過120所學校取消了原定在週六舉行的SAT測試。很多地方沒有公布替補考點或改期時間。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Ms. Lockhart-Calpito, 19, is on full financial aid, which includes tuition, room and board. Her parents are self-employed, and she had scraped together airfare home for spring break by working two part-time jobs, as a tutor and as an usher and ticket seller. She is going to stay with a family friend instead of her parents, but she worries about wearing out her welcome.
26. full financial aid 全額助學金
27. tuition 學費
28. room and board 住宿費與餐費
29. usher (n.) 帶位員
30. wear out 消磨
19歲的洛哈特-卡皮托領著全額助學金,包括學費、住宿費和餐費。她父母是個體經營者,她自己勉強湊夠了春假回家的機票,為此她要打兩份零工,一份是家教,一份是領位兼售票員。她打算住在父母的一個朋友家中,而不是住父母那裡,但是她擔心,那家人可能會不太歡迎她。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
“Harvard expects us to go home,” she said on Wednesday. “But home for a lot of us is this campus.” As she went from office to office, officials told her apologetically that they had found out about the orders to shut down normal life on campus at the same time that she had, and so had few answers. Private charities and individuals were responding with offers to provide temporary lodging and financial help, she said.
31. expect someone to 期望某人做某事
32. tell someone apologetically 懷著歉意告知某人
33. find out 發現
34. provide temporary lodging 提供臨時住所
「哈佛希望我們回家,」她在週三說,「但是對我們很多人來說,學校就是家。」她跑了許多辦公室詢問,官員們很抱歉地告訴她,他們是與學生同時收到指令,得知校園的正常生活要被關停的,所以無法回答她的問題。她說有私人慈善機構和個人對此做出回應,向學生提供臨時住處和資金幫助。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Harvard officials said they were swamped with requests for financial and logistical help and could not take time to talk in detail about the situation. They noted that Gov. Charlie Baker of Massachusetts had declared a public health emergency on Tuesday, and said that the university had been forced to respond in kind. But they said that any students who were on financial aid and had a “demonstrated need” would be taken care of.
35. be swamped with 被…淹沒
36. logistics 後勤;後勤學
37. declare a public health emergency 宣布公共衛生進入緊急狀態
38. respond in kind 以同樣方法(或手段)回應
39. on financial aid 領助學金的
40. a “demonstrative” need 經證實的需求
41. be taken care of 會被照料
哈佛校方表示,他們現在被資金和後勤方面的協助要求淹沒,沒有時間深入談論具體情況。他們提到,麻薩諸塞州州長查理·貝克(Charlie Baker)在週二宣布了公共衛生緊急狀態,學校也被迫要以類似的舉措進行回應。但他們表示,他們會照顧那些依賴助學金並「經證明有需求」的學生。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
The closures also presented challenges for foreign students enrolled at American universities on F visas. They are permitted to take only one course online per term to remain legally in the country; students on M visas for vocational training are normally not allowed to take any classes online.
42. present challenges 呈現了挑戰
43. F visas F簽證*
44. remain legally in the country 合法居留
45. vocational training 職業培訓
學校關閉也為持F簽證在美國大學學習的外國留學生帶來挑戰。要在這個國家合法居留,他們每個學期只允許選一門網課。而持M簽證接受職業培訓的學生,則通常不能選任何網課。
*F visas: https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/study/student-visa.html
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Immigration and Customs Enforcement on Monday issued guidance, saying that it would be “flexible with temporary adaptations” for international students as universities adjust to the crisis. Carissa Cutrell, an agency spokeswoman, said the goal was to ensure that students were “able to continue to make normal progress in a full course of study as required by federal regulations.”
46. be flexible with... 對…保持彈性
47. temporary adaptations 臨時應變
48. adjust to 為…調整
49. ensure that... 確保...
50. make normal progress 做到維持正常進度
51. federal regulations 聯邦規定
週一,移民和海關執法局頒佈指導意見,說在學校調整應對當前危機時,該部門針對外國學生會有「臨時的應變靈活處理」。執法局發言人卡麗莎·卡瑞爾(Carissa Cutrell)說,目的是要確保學生「能夠保持正常的學習進度,以完成聯邦法規所要求的全部課程」。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Megan Lobo, 18, a freshman at New York University, had her first two online classes on Wednesday, and will soon be moving home to Leonia, N.J. Her two-and-a-half-hour music class, she said, was not conducive to online learning. They used Zoom, the video application. “A lot of the relationships that you form in college are just kind of being around each other,” she said. “Especially for music — meeting people and networking. A lot of people I’ve met in the hallway or in class. Losing those small things can be a setback.”
52. conductive to 對…有利的
53. video application 影片應用程式
54. networking 網路
55. suffer a setback 遭遇挫折
紐約大學18歲的大一學生梅根·洛博(Megan Lobo)在週三上了頭兩節網課,很快將搬回紐澤西利奧尼亞市的家中。她說有一節兩個半小時的音樂課並不適合在線學習。他們用了影片應用Zoom。「在大學裡,很多關係的建立,其實就是大家在一塊兒,」她說,「尤其對於音樂來說——就是要與人見面,建立人際網路。很多人我都是在走廊或課上認識的。沒了這樣的小事是很遺憾的。」
完整報導: https://nyti.ms/3cY9zdw
圖片來源: https://nyti.ms/3d1qPid
★★★★★★★★★★★★
教育時評: http://bit.ly/39ABON9
時事英文大全: http://bit.ly/2WtAqop
make hallway 在 Dainghia25 Youtube 的最讚貼文
How to complete the Eyes on Target mission for Mendoza in Hitman 3
In the Hitman 3 contract Mendoza, which occurs in Argentina, you are tasked with taking down two targets, Tamara Vidal and Don Archibald Yates. However, there is a mission in the level where you can use Don Yates’ sniper team for your causes. It will include being sneaky, but you will have taken out a target without even getting your hands dirty when done. Here is how to complete the Eyes on Target mission for Mendoza in Hitman 3. When you first start up the level, either talk to Diana and accept her invitation to the party, or grab one of the other multiple invitations found in the level. There is an easy one you can grab on a ledge by a party goer near the tree that the lawyer is at. You need to sneak past the checkpoint filled with armed soldiers. If you climb over the left fence, you can crouch, walk your way past all of them, and climb through a window. Walk through the hallway here, but be careful. If you are spotted anywhere here, you will immediately start a gunfight.
Immediately outside of the hallway is a gaucho patrolling back and forth and will stop to talk to another gaucho through a window. If you use the forklift alarm on the right, you can get him on his own and steal his disguise. Now that you are disguised, make your way up the nearby stairway until you find two snipers talking about the orders they have. Don Yates hired these men, so you cannot use them to shoot him, but with the use of your camera, you can trick them into shooting Tamara Vidal. Make your way down the stairway again and sneak to the vehicle in the field to grab an earpiece to communicate with the sniper team. There will be two noticers on top of you here, so use something to distract them for a few seconds so you can grab the earpiece.
When you grab the earpiece, you are given a chance for a small tutorial, so you understand how to command the snipers to shoot. You need to pull out your camera and scan a target. Your practice target here can be one of the watermelons on the nearby table, which will earn you another mission reward if you scan and direct them to fire on it. Note: you need to keep the gaucho disguise on from this point forward because apparently, the sniper team can see you through the earpiece? Now that you are kitted out with what you need, it is time to go to the party. You can walk your way back through the hallway and checkpoint we used to get here in the first place; be sure to avoid the sight of any noticers. Present your invitation to the man out front, and you can walk right into the party. Make your way to where Tamara Vidal is. She is located very close to Diana, with three bodyguards in the immediate vicinity who will notice you if spotted. Scan Vidal and then talk to Diana without the guards seeing you, and Agent 47 will tell her to lead them into the garden. At this point forward, you will want at least one blunt object so you can knock out the guards.
Follow behind the group, and they will begin to split up slightly. You need to take all three out without alerting the other guards or Vidal. If you jump into the patch of flowers on the left, you can crouch down and wait for the center guard to walk to the railing on the far left. Take him out first, then the one in front of you. Finally, take out the guard on the right, and if no one saw you, you can now give the command to the sniper team to shoot Vidal. She will be launched over the railing, so you do not even need to hide the body.
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make hallway 在 Brenda Tan Youtube 的最佳貼文
Products Used:
Base (not shown in video):
Revlon Colorstay Whipped Foundation in 310 Warm Golden
Maybelline Mineral Concealer in Shade 01
3CE Loose Powder in Translucent
Anastasia Beverly Hills Dipbrow Pomade in Medium Brown
Urban Decay Eyeshadow in Blackout
Maybelline Mineral Concealer in Shade 01
NYX Jumbo Eye Pencil in Black Bean
NYX Box Of Eyeshadows
ELF 99 Neutral Eyeshadow Palette
NYX Pencil Eyeliner in White
Sephora Doe Eyed Felt Eyeliner
NARS Bronzer in Casino
Benefit Rockateur Blush
MAC Diva
NYX Mega Shine Lipgloss in Perfect Red
I hope you enjoy this video! Took me damn long to film and do the voiceover and edit this especially in the midst of all my work in school. Thank you ever so much for your patience and support, I am really trying to squeeze time out to make better videos whenever I can so sit tight, hit the subscribe button and stay tuned! Also ya let me know if you like the voiceover or if you just prefer me to keep quiet and have the music play throughout HAHAHAHAHA. Love ya!! xoxoxoxoxoxo
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Hi, I'm Brenda! I'm 20, from Singapore. I'm a Theatre Studies and Film Production student that likes to make videos and talk non-stop. I post videos every week about whatever I feel like (you can refer to my past videos for a feel). If you like my videos and want to see more, please hit the subscribe button next to my name to catch my videos hot off the press! Your support keeps me motivated to produce better content (and to post more frequently cos maaaaan this takes time). Feel free to click the thumbs up and leave a comment down below of what you'd like to see next. I read every single comment and will try my best to respond! :-) Thank you once again for watching my videos, you can find me on my other social media platforms if you need to reach me. Have a blissful day! x
Some other ways to find and contact me:
▶ E-MAIL: wordweed@gmail.com
▶ BLOG: http://wordweed.blogspot.com
▶ INSTAGRAM: http://instagram.com/wordweed
▶ TWITTER: https://twitter.com/wordweed
▶ SNAPCHAT: @wtfisair
▶ ASK ME ANYTHING: http://ask.fm/wtfisair
▹ I film and edit everything myself!
▹ Music: Dark Hallway by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/?keywords=Hallway&Search=Search
Artist: http://incompetech.com/
![post-title](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/o3JD-CCS3-k/hqdefault.jpg?sqp=-oaymwEbCKgBEF5IVfKriqkDDggBFQAAiEIYAXABwAEG&rs=AOn4CLAUxEX0PQkbZEucjFsAFWcNmtQjvw)
make hallway 在 madebyaya Youtube 的精選貼文
Sewing + DIY Hooded Raincoat #1
Thank you so much for watching\♥︎/
If you enjoyed please leave a LIKE , SHARE this video👍
and Please subscribe to my channel for more videos💓☺️🙏
Have a lovely day( ´◡` )❃・゚
How to Sew a Raincoat ☂ Waterproof Jacket
DIY Costura ♡
핸드메이드 DIY 후드 레인코트 만들기✧˖° 手作教學
ソーイング DIY +レインコートの作り方:)
Tumblr : http://whateverbebe.tumblr.com
Instagram : @a.y.a__
Facebook : https://www.facebook.com/itsmadebyaya/
my another channel : https://is.gd/gHamjE
✂️Sewing Machine✂️
black one▷http://goo.gl/lpi2sa
JANOME HS-70, JANOME JN-51
Serger▷baby lock
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°Swipesy Cakewalk by E's Jammy Jams
° Errigal by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Artist: http://incompetech.com/
°I Am Running Down the Long Hallway of Viewmont Elementary by Chris Zabriskie is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Artist: http://chriszabriskie.com/
![post-title](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/3G1SsJ10Y6o/hqdefault.jpg)
make hallway 在 How to Visually Widen a Narrow Hallway - Pinterest 的推薦與評價
To make it look bigger, it has to be made brighter by using light colors, lighting, mirror groupings and wall decor to your advantage. This do-it-yourself ... ... <看更多>