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2020 Proton X50 1.5T Standard Gets as standard: 1.5 litre turbocharged three-cylinder MPI engine Around 150 PS and 226 Nm of torque Seven-speed (wet) dual-clutch automatic transmission with manual mode (no paddle shifters) Four airbags (front and side) LED headlamps and DRLs 17-inch alloy wheels Quad exhaust pipes Full carbon fibre-print bodykit Electronic parking brake with auto brake hold… [ 112 more words ]
https://wan2playgame.net/?p=25417
Adik saya kerja servis kereta hampir 10tahun, dulu dia belajar di politeknik, dia ajar saya tips ini. Sya share dgn korg JANGAN TERTIPU dan DITIPU LAGI.
1> Minyak hitam
Minyak hitam yg bukan sintetik tu setiap 5,000 km @ 3 bulan whichever is earlier. Kalu yg sintetik - mungkin 7,500 km atau 10,000 km.
2> Filter
Sama seperti minyak enjin. Minyak mineral biasa - 5,000 km. Minyak Synthetic - 7,500 km hingga 10,000 km. Dalam ertikata lain, bila tukar minyak enjin tu, maka tukar juga la filter minyak tu sekali (oil filter)
3> Spark plug
20,000 km ikut schedule maintenance book Tapi kau boleh pakai sampai 30k-40k takde hal...benda ni bukan critical sangat! Tapi kalau dah lebih 40k tak tukar, dia nya electrode pun dah nipis, elok tukar aje...Harga sekitar Rm 20-25 untuk 4 biji.
4> Bateri kereta
18 bulan hingga 2 tahun, terpulang pada cara penggunaan...kalau kita selalu topup air suling tu, ianya boleh tahan sampai 2 tahun. Kalau selalu lupa topup dan selalu kering. 6 bulan pun bateri boleh kong!
Free maintenance battery lain pulak ceritanya...tak payah top up air, harga lebih mahal dari bateri biasa. Bila beli bateri, jangan main hentam aje, ini kerana di Malaysia banyak barang tipu...so, beli bateri dari jenama yg boleh dipercayai. BOSCH, CENTURY... tapi ada juga jenama yang tak terkenal tapi elok!
Bateri yang baik biasanya lebih berat dari bateri yang kurang baik. Bandingkan bateri tersebut dalam kategori yang sama. Kalau NS50 tu anda kena compare dengan NS50 dari jenama yg lagi satu! Kalau kancil tak silap aku pakai NS40 atau NS40L...begitu la citernya!
5> Timing belt
60,000km untuk kereta Proton Wira, Saga. Waja boleh tahan sampai 90,000 km dan Honda CRV tahan sampai 160,000 km. Jadi timing belt ni ikut jenis kereta. Banyak orang tak tahu, depa sampai aje 60,000 km terus tukar tak kira la dia pakai apa kereta pun! Mekanik pun sengeh aje la, buat apa tolak rezeki dari duit orang!
6> Clutch plate
Clutch plate ni ialah perkara subjektif. Biasanya ikut pengalaman, hanya tukar bila ada simptom "clutch slipping" berlaku sewaktu pemanduan kita. Ni perkara yang susah nak terangkan, sebab tu mereka kata bila 100,000 km baru tukar clutch!
7> Fuel Filter
Tukar aje la sekitar 40,000 km sekali. Benda ni pun murah Rm 15-20 je.
8> Air Filter
Ditukar setiap 20,000 km. Tapi pada mereka yang tukar kepada K&N type, benda ni tak payah tukar, tapi mampu dibersihkan sudah cukup.
9> ATF (Automatic Transmission Fluid)
Minyak ni memang penting bagi yang pakai AUTO. Dalam manual dia ada sebut setiap 20,000 km tukar. Tapi boleh la extend hingga 30,000 km kepada mereka yang nak jimat. Minyak ni memang penting ditukar...jangan abaikan (contohnya tak tukar lebih dari 30,000 km) kerana kerosakan kepada AUTO gearbox perlu perbelanjaan yg besar. Kalau kita rajin tukar, kereta tak perlu Transmission Flush seperti yg disyorkan oleh sesetengah bengkel. Transmission Flush boleh pergi sampai 7-9 litre. Ini membazir untuk kita, tapi bukan pada pihak yang bikin servis. Caj hanya sekitar Rm 200++. Kalau anda selalu tukar ATF, hanya tukar biasa aje, yang budget kurang dari Rm 100...ikut saiz kereta anda!
10> Gear Oil
Untuk mereka yg pakai manual gearbox. Kereta anda tak perlu pakai ATF, tetapi sebaliknya pakailah Gear Oil. Benda ni boleh la tukar 60,000km sekali.
11> Brake Fluid & Power Steering Fluid
Kalau rajin boleh flush keluar ganti baru setiap 60,000 km.
12> Radiator Coolant
Sebotol Rm 15-20... selalunya warna hijau! 60,000 km boleh la tukar sekali! Kalau air radiator korang warna clear aje. Maknanya air paip biasa aje tu! Pakai coolant, enjin lebih cepat panas dan juga tak mudah mendidih!
13> Air-Cond Belt / Alternator Belt
Belt-belt ni perlu ditukar sama waktu dengan timing belt. Kalau kita terlupa tukar sewaktu servis sebelum-sebelum ni. Belt Air-Con & juga alternator mudah dikenal pasti akan perlunya ditukar atau tidak. Ini kerana belt-belt ni letaknya diluar dan boleh nampak. Kalau bahagian "ribs"nya dah ada "crack-crack" yang halus...maka eloklah ditukar belt tersebut. Jangan tunggu masa timing belt nak tukar, baru nak ditukar belt-belt ini. Akhir sekali, ingin admin ingatkan maintenance schedule yang ikut "km" atau masa "3 bulan" "6 bulan" & seterusnya ni hanya memudahkan pengguna-pengguna kereta melakukan penyelengaraan @ dalam English nya lebih dikenali sebagai "Preventive Maintenance"
14> Maksudnya, benda yang kita tukar tu belum tentu rosak, tapi kita dah tukar. Preventive maintenance ni mampu mengelak dari pengguna kereta menghadapi kerosakan yang kritikal dimasa akan datang! Tapi dalam dunia ni, mana ada yang perfect! Preventive Maintenance Schedule ni kalau kita ikut tanpa mengetahui sedikit sebanyak tentang fungsi atau sebab mengapa setiap alat ganti tu perlu ditukar. Ianya boleh juga menjadi suatu pembaziran!
15> Contohnya, kalau kita buta-buta ikut apa yg di syorkan oleh pembuat alat ganti. Contohnya "shock absorber" perlu diganti setiap 20,000 km, tentu kita tidak mampu mengikutnya! Jadi anda perlu ada asas ilmu seperti yang diterang kan di atas.
16> Minyak hitam mineral untuk 5,000 km / 3 bulan, minyak semi-sintetik utk 10,000 km / 6 bulan, minyak fully sintetik utk 15-20,000 km / 1 tahun. Kalau boleh hati-hati beli minyak hitam di kedai spare sebab banyak minyak cap ayam yang disediakan khas untuk tipu orang. Botol mungkin ada cap Castrol, Shell, Petronas, Eneos & lain-lain. Tetapi dalam tu sebenarnya adalah minyak murah made in China. Dalam satu hari ada beribu-ribu botol minyak hitam kosong wujud di bengkel-bengkel tertentu. Bos mereka ini sentiasa mengarahkan pekerja untuk mengambil botol-botol kosong ini dan refil serta bubuh seal baru supaya dapat mengaut keuntungan dari duit orang. Elok beli minyak di stesen minyak - confirmed genuine. Unless kalau betul-betul yakin dengan kedai spare part yang kita beli tu.
17> Minyak gear manual ditukar setiap 40,000 km untuk kereta baru (kurang 5 tahun), setiap 20,000 km untuk kereta atas 5 tahun atau apabila gear shift rasa ketat. Paling bagus untuk kereta lama - bubuh gearbox treatment. Minyak gear ATF - ditukar setiap 20,000 km. Sama macam di atas.
18> Flush? kalau dalam buku takde kata - maka tidak perlu. Air filter pun sama - 20,000 km. Coolant - tukar tiap-tiap 20,000 km. Nak tukar tiap-tiap 50,000 km pun boleh dengan syarat guna air suling @ RO water. Timing belt - ditukar setiap 80,000 km. Tapi pernah terjadi stretch sampai 110,000 km(Wira 1.6) tanpa masalah sebab menggunakan timing original Mitsubishi & ia selalu inspect timing belt keretanya. Merekah takda, gigi still elok - tak perlu tukar. Aircond belt, alternator belt, power steering belt - tukar semasa tukar timing belt @ apabila nampak crack.
19> Water pump
Ditukar apabila menukar timing belt untuk kali ke-2. Let's say kita tukar timing belt setiap 80,000 km, maka apabila kita menukar timing belt untuk kali kedua pada 160,000 km, elok tukar sekali water pump kerana hayatnya pun hampir tiba. Nak tukar water pump kena bukak timing belt. So kalau buat sekali, tiada extra labor charge.
20> Spark plug
Every 20,000 km @ selagi plastik kat tengah tu masih putih & tiada kesan terbakar. So kena check spark plug. Kalau spark plug berminyak - engine dah agak uzur & kena overhaul sebab piston ring dah haus. Asap biru kat ekzos jugak adalah tanda piston ring haus - minyak hitam terbakar. BTW, ini bukan service biasa. Dah kira major work jugak. Head gasket - tukar apabila minyak leaking kat area tu @ sekiranya berlaku coolant loss akibat dari blown head gasket. Buat grind valve sekali. Orang panggil nie top-overhaul.
21> Biasanya top overhaul tidak diperlukan kepada kereta bawah 7 tahun atau 200,000 km. Tapi ada gak yang 80,000 km kurang 5 tahun dah kena top overhaul sebab suka lenjan engine. Dok main red line manjang. Ini pun major work la jugak skit.
22> Brake pad
Tukar bila haus @ bila rasa brake kurang mengigit. Biasanya kereta 3-4 tahun sekali. Minyak brake pun sama. Anyway brake belakang tahan lebih lama dari brake depan biasanya double. Bercakap tentang timing belt (juga dipanggil cam belt kerana ia memacu camshaft), ianya berbeza antara satu pengeluar ke pengeluar yang lain.
23> Pada asalnya, enjin pembakaran dalam menggunakan camshaft yang di letak di dalam blok enjin. Secara standardnya pertukaran timing belt pada setiap 100,000 km ikut ketetapan pengeluar Jepun tetapi Jepun adalah negara bercuaca sederhana sejuk manakala cuaca di Malaysia lebih panas dan mampu mempercepatkan proses wear & tear timing belt yang dibuat dari adunan getah, plastik & fibre glass. Maka itu, adalah dinasihatkan pertukarannya dibuat lebih awal iaitu antara 90,000 km. Bagi alat ganti timing belt berkualiti rendah, kita perlu menukar lebih awal, maybe 60,000 km. Admin tak begitu pasti tentang ini.
24> Sesetengah pengeluar seperti Alfa Romeo mencadangkan pertukaran timing belt pada jarak hanya 30,000 km bagi semua enjin straight 4 twin spark & juga enjin V6 bagi model sebelum tahun 1999. Pada tahun 1996 dahulu, ada juga pemilik yang kerek & cakap timing belt boleh tahan sampai 100,000 km. Tak perlu tukar pada 30,000 km. Then, keta dia kena tarik masuk sebab timing belt putus & enjin kena overhaul. Bacaan odometer ketika itu = 35,000 km. Maka moralnya adalah kita perlu patuhi spesifikasi service & penyelenggaraan pengeluar. Banyak kenderaan zaman sekarang telah menggunakan timing chain sebagai ganti kepada timing belt. Ini termasuk Nissan, Honda & Toyota. Toyota misalannya menggunakan timing chain bagi semua kenderaan penumpangnya.
25> Model seperti CRV pada mulanya menggunakan timing belt, tetapi untuk CRV baru generasi kedua, Honda juga kembali memperkenalkan timing chain melalui enjin i-VTEC. Ianya tidak memerlukan pertukaran biarpun sudah mencecah 500,00 km lantas menjimatkan kos dan menjaga alam sekitar. Sekiranya mekanisme rantai mengeluarkan bunyi, hanya perlu tukar tensioner bearing dan segalanya pulih seperti sedia kala.
Kredit Liana Jasmina
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聽過767i嗎? 採用V16引擎...
BMW E32 767i V16 "Goldfish"
In the late 1980s, BMW secretly built an experimental super 7 that was powered by a massive V-16 engine.
The project was the brainchild of Dr. Karlheinz Lange, the engineer who was in charge of BMW’s powertrain department at the time. He enlisted the help of an experienced engineer named Adolf Fischer to bring to life his vision of a 7 dialed up to 11. Fischer was seen as the right man for the job because he had designed the 5.0-liter V-12 found under the hood of the 750i and the 750iL.
Work on the new engine began in July of 1987. Fischer essentially developed an evolution of the 5.0-liter V-12 (called M70 in BMW-speak) that retained the 60-degree V but received four additional cylinders. The block was cast using high-silicon aluminum, and the heads were each fitted with a single chain-driven overhead cam. All told, the V-16 had a displacement of 6,651 cubic centimeters (about 406 cubic inches), and it was nearly a foot longer than the V-12 it was based on.
The engine was tested on a dyno for the first time on December 24, 1987, and the results were downright impressive. It generated 408 horsepower at 5,200 RPM, and 461 pound-feet of torque at 3,900 RPM. In comparison, the 750i’s V-12 was rated at 300 horsepower and 332 pound-feet of torque, and the U.S.-spec E34-series M5 used a 3.5-liter straight-six rated at 256 ponies and 243 pound-feet of twist.
With the 16-cylinder running smooth as silk, BMW began to look for the best way to shoe-horn it between the front fenders of an E32-series 750iL.
“What was immediately obvious was that the engine would not have fitted without a substantial redesign of the car,” explained project manager Hanns-Peter Weisbarth in an interview with Bimmer magazine in August of 2011.
The super 7 was still largely experimental, so BMW went with the simplest solution. The 750iL’s radiator was sent back to the parts bin and replaced by two smaller units that were installed in the trunk, a setup used more than a decade earlier on the IMSA-winning 3.0 CSL. The engineers cut ducts into the rear quarter panels, installed hand-built fiberglass scoops to direct cooling air to the radiators, and fitted the rear fascia with a wide metal grille in order to extract hot air from the trunk. The custom grille required the use of smaller taillamps, and the license plate had to be relocated to the bottom of the rear bumper. The prototype was painted in a dark shade of gold, so it was affectionately nicknamed Goldfish.
The series-produced 750iL was equipped with a four-speed automatic transmission built by ZF, but the V16-powered prototype used a six-speed manual gearbox borrowed from the 8 Series coupe. It accelerated from zero to 60 MPH in about six seconds, and it didn’t stop until it hit roughly 175 MPH, a dream come true for executives who commuted on Germany’s famed autobahn. The downside is that fuel economy checked in at 11 MPG in stop-and-go city driving, 16 MPG at 75 MPH, and as low as 9.6 MPG when cruising at triple-digit speeds.
Lange, Fischer, and Weisbarth knew from the very beginning of the project that the Goldfish might not receive the proverbial green light for production. The V-16 engine was promising, and bringing a 767iL to the market would have shown the might of BMW’s research and development department, but the automaker’s board of management decided not to move forward with the development of a super 7 Series because a V-12 was deemed big enough. The Goldfish consequently remained a one-of-a-kind prototype and today remains in BMW’s possession, though not on public display.
📝 by Ronan Glon (hemmings.com)
Good progress is made during this wiring for my 2JZ drift build Toyota Altezza. I am very happy how the Military Spec connectors came out. Super proud of my work. Will be working on the fabrication of the radiator and intercool after this. Please hang on tight for more 2JZ content that will be coming soon. Can't wait to drift this car as soon as possible. 2JZ is going to be a beast! Happy that the 2jz wiring at home did worked out! Tune in for more 2JZ Build content
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Concept car "Cap" is announced by Tokyo Motor Show in October, 2001. This is professional Tomo Dell of the second generation cube.
It restyles it to the Z11 type on October 8, 2002. Only the same 1.4L CR14DE type (98ps) as the march : the engine. The taillight became a horizontal with built-in rear bumper from past vertical, was generated of a unique design that imaged a right and left, asymmetric body and the corner, and became a smash hit car following the march. The impressive advertisement is "Cube.My room.". The transmission is "Ecstoronicc CVT-M6" of CVT with the 6MT mode or electronically controlled four-speed automatic "E-ATx". It changes the speed by the switch of the steering wheel when making it to the manual mode with the CVT car. The back is in asymmetry and it is in the right the gasoline refueling entrance. An unnecessary "e-4WD" system the propeller shaft and to transfer is installed in 4WD car. Additionally, the emblem of the cube in the front changed to the emblem of Nissan.
Special edition SX 70th that commemorated the 70th anniversary in established of Nissan Motor Co. was put on the market in May, 2003. The auto light system, the fog lamp, the UV blocking privacy glass, and ETC have been equipped normally based on SX. Moreover, the body color and the opal lavender titanium metallic set only to the type of the first term at that time of the K12 type march also are set.
The cube cubic of getting on appears as three row seven person in seat model of the
derivation in September, 2003.
Special edition "Tiger machine screw" that gives the SUV taste with the hand of Orteccjapan
is set in December, 2003.
Car "Cubprasconran" of limited time (the production plan number 1,000) until the end of July and special edition "SX Limited" "EX Limited" are put on the market by the collaboration with Britain Conran & partners company in May, 2004. "Cubprasconran" would reach the number of the production plan in two weeks after it put it on the market, and close the order at the end of May.
"Agiactive (Ajactib)" is added in August, 2004.
Minor change in May, 2005. The model equipped with the HR15DE engine installed in Teda and the note in addition to CR14DE was added, and the hole of the front grille was changed from the square to the diamond. The mission becomes only E- ATx as for the car equipped with CR14DE, and CVT is set to the car equipped with HR15DE. The 6MT mode of CVT was dropped changing this time. Moreover, both 1400cc and 1500cc receive decrease level (SU-LEV) of the exhaust emission regulations 75%2005 fiscal year recognition. SHIFT _ word"The SHIFT_ originality originality is shifted. "
"Cubprasconran" is begun along with the minor change version cube and cubic cubic appearance in June, 2006 and the order production reservation begins. It will close it the reservation September 30 though there is no upper bound in the number of the order.
Minor change in December, 2006. The design of the front grille and the headlamp is changed (RS and RX are excluded), and LED type Riyacombiramp is adopted.
Special edition "KAGAYAKI Edition (And, this Plus navi HDD)" sale on June 5, 2007.
Special edition "Music room" sale that set special color (ash violet and Pacific blue) on October 22, 2007. The base grade of "Plus navi HDD" was changed at the same time.
Special edition "15M Art room" sale that adopted door trim of handle that the four seasons is different in each door in addition to genuine leather seat on February 6, 2008.
Vehicle based on the cube "Coming cube" (It is EV-01 and large book monochrome two-tone on the body side) is open to the public to the news organization in August, 2008 as the experiment vehicle of the electric vehicle. The cruising range when charging it for eight hours in 200V power supply is 160km. It assumes in around 2012 at the mass production time of the electric vehicle, and the possibility of ..vehicle other than the cube.. becoming basic is ..Nissan.. high when appearing.
The 2018 Toyota Tacoma comes standard with a 2.7-liter I-4 with 159 hp and 180 lb-ft of torque, and is paired to a six-speed automatic transmission. There’s also an optional 3.5-liter V-6 with 278 hp and 268 lb-ft that can be had with a six-speed manual or a six-speed automatic transmission.
EPA ratings for the base four-cylinder are 19/23 mpg city/highway for rear-drive models and 19/22 mpg with four-wheel drive. Opting for the V-6 doesn’t come at the cost of fuel economy with the automatic-equipped rear-drive Tacoma rated at 19/24 mpg and the four-wheel drive version coming in at 18/23 mpg. The least efficient Tacoma is the TRD Pro, which is rated at 18/21 mpg with the manual and 17/20 mpg with the automatic.
Four-cylinder variants can tow up to 3,500 pounds of payload when properly equipped. With the available V-6 Tow Prep package, the V-6-powered Tacoma can tow up to 6,800 pounds in the rear-drive Access Cab configuration with the standard bed or 6,500 pounds with four-wheel drive. Double cab models with the V-6 can tow up to 6,700 pounds in rear-drive guise and 6,400 pounds with four-wheel drive. Opting for the long bed drops the rear-drive double cab’s towing capacity down to 6,600 pounds.
Standard features include 16-inch steel wheels, cloth upholstery, Toyota’s Entune multimedia system with a 6.1-inch touchscreen, a USB port, Bluetooth connectivity, and a rearview camera. Options include a larger 7.0-inch touchscreen, a JBL premium audio system, a 4.2-inch multi-information display, keyless entry/start, a wireless phone charger, dual-zone climate control, leather upholstery, a moonroof, alloy wheels up to 18 inches in diameter, heated front seats, power-adjustable front seats, and parking sensors.
The Tacoma TRD Pro is distinguished with its standard Fox shocks, Rigid Industries LED fog lights, a unique grille with a heritage-inspired Toyota badge, a TRD Pro skid plate, a TRD exhaust, a hood scoop, and TRD Pro 16-inch alloy wheels wrapped in all-terrain tires.
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