梧:If wage growth (hence inflation) in the US remains to be stagnant and yet the economy continues to "power on", either a) USD is still TOO STRONG or b) something structural is going on within the labour market (such as automation in some sectors). One would probably need to examine the wage growth by sector over the course of the last decade or so (since the GFC) to get a better picture of this.
Reversing a) and we will probably see inflation being "imported" back into the US (as opposed to exporting disinflation during the QE 123 era), and as for b), we would either see some kind of rise in unemployment rate (more likely U-6 than U-3) or a drop in labour participation rate sometime in the future.
Well I hate to admit it, however it's not difficult to see continued weakness in the USD in the near future (despite potentially-widening interest rate differentials), once the tax reform springs into action, we are going to see our old friend the twin-deficits (current account and fiscal) again, which traditionally is bad for USD anyway. Also, as currency trends are always relative to each other, as long as the EUR and GBP (major components of the USDX) doesn't have reasons to be weak and the USD has, it's tough to see USDX bouncing back above the 100 or even 95 level.
The POTUS remains to be the biggest uncertainty of them all - and as long as he continues to play around with his Nationalist / populist rhetoric, geopolitics will continue to trump macroeconomics in determining exchange rate trends.
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▍白經濟小教室:就業數據如何解讀
通常每個月的第一個週五,美國勞工統計局 (Bureau of Labor Statistics) 會發表就業相關的數據,而最常被新聞媒體引用的數據就是失業率,這項數據經常作為政策指標,像是聯準會在評估是否要升 (降) 息時,此項數據是必定會參考的指標。
然而除了失業率之外,其他幾項數據也需要搭配一起看,才能比較看清楚就業實際情況:
* 工資漲幅變化 (wage growth):當勞動市場逐漸飽和時,也就是僧多粥少的情況發生,則雇主如果想聘雇到員工,則會調高工資吸引勞工。因此在低失業率的情況之下,如果工資未能上漲,決策者就需要更細部探究其原因。
* 勞動參與率 (participation rate):由於不是每個人都會被納入失業率計算,像是學生或者料理家務者,在當下都沒有就業意願,因此不會被納入失業率計算。當我們只看到失業率降低時,很直覺地會認為大家都能找到工作,實際上可能是許多人失業過久而放棄就業,而放棄就業者並不會被納入失業率的計算。
* 全職 (full-time) /兼職 (part-time):失業率低的另一個可能假象,勞工雖然找到工作,然而若是兼職型,一方面就業較沒有保障,另一方面工資調整性不大,且流動率高、被替代性高。
* 新增就業數:如果整體企業都在增聘員工,也就代表經濟環境處在良好狀態。而新增的產業背景也是另一個考量重點,像是農業較容易受到季節性影響,因此非農就業是另一重要數據。從各產業聘雇狀況也可以看出該產業的經濟現況。
此外,就業/非就業人口的背景也值得參考:
* 年齡、性別、種族、教育程度
* 失業多久、找尋工作的時間長度
http://graphics.wsj.com/job-market-tracker/