跟著怡琳看世界 37
The world’s tallest observation wheel is opening in Dubai next month
世界最高的觀景摩天輪下個月將在杜拜開放
metropolitan 大都市的
skyline 天際線
anticipate 預期/期望
cabin 座艙
rotation 旋轉一圈
fruition 完成
Ferris wheels were once the center of the town fair. Now they are key parts of major metropolitan skylines. But none can top the heights of the Ain Dubai — meaning “Dubai Eye” in Arabic — which is scheduled to open on Oct. 21. At more than 250 meters, Ain Dubai is 82 meters higher than the current world's tallest ferris wheel in operation, the High Roller in Las Vegas. It is almost twice the size of the London Eye.
摩天輪曾經是市集的中心。現在,它們是主要大都市天際線的關鍵部分。但沒有一個能超越預計在10月21日開幕的艾因杜拜-阿拉伯語義中為'杜拜之眼'-的高度。杜拜之眼高250多公尺,比目前世界運行中的最高摩天輪,拉斯維加斯的豪客摩天輪高82公尺。它幾乎是倫敦眼的兩倍。
First announced in February 2013, Ain Dubai has taken more than eight years to complete. Construction began in May 2015, with an anticipated completion date of early to mid-2019. That date was later pushed to October 20, 2020, which was then pushed back another year when Expo 2020 was delayed by a year due to the pandemic.
杜拜之眼於2013年2月首次對外發布,歷時超過8年完工。2015年5月開始施工,原本預計2019年初到年中完工。但完工日期被延後到2020年10月20日,結果又因為大流行病導致2020年世博會被推遲,再往後延一年。
The structure has 48 enclosed cabins, some of which can fit up to 40 passengers. In total, 1,750 people can ride at the same time, according to the attraction.
這個摩天輪有48個封閉式座艙,其中有一些座艙可以容納40名乘客。根據景點的統計,總共有1750人可以同時乘坐。
There are three different types of cabin to take in the 38-minute rotation: observation cabins (the standard option), social cabins (these are the "VIP" option and have a bar in the center of the pod) and private cabins, which can be booked out for special occasions and include the option of a private three-course dinner over two rotations of the wheel.
在38分鐘的旋轉中,有三種不同類型的座艙可供選擇:觀景座艙(標準型),社交座艙(這些是VIP型並且在座艙中央有酒吧)和私人座艙,可以依照特殊場合預訂,包含可以選擇在摩天輪旋轉兩圈時享用三道菜的晚餐。
Bringing all of this to fruition has meant pulling in expertise from all corners of the globe -- consultants from the UAE, South Korea, Germany, the UK, the Netherlands, France and Italy all contributed to key aspects of the design.
這一切的實現,意味著從世界各地引進專業技能-來自阿聯酋、韓國、德國、英國、荷蘭、法國及義大利的顧問,都為設計的關鍵層面做出貢獻。
資料來源
https://www.cnbc.com/2021/09/14/ain-dubai-the-worlds-largest-observation-wheel-is-opening-in-dubai.html
https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/ain-dubai-worlds-largest-observation-wheel/index.html
同時也有7部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過36萬的網紅OTAKING / Toshio Okada,也在其Youtube影片中提到,[play List]OTAKING talk English -Japan culture and animation https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1TOJRTrkimLhlsT3I_tZ5XJNh0ia_-rP Thanks for watc...
operation meaning 在 時代力量新北黨部 Facebook 的精選貼文
文字遊戲?緊急授權是什麼?國產疫苗又在吵什麼?
-
別用片面解釋誤導民眾,本於事實的精確說明才能取得信任!
-
這幾天在網路上,針對海外疫苗的認證掀起一番論戰,許多人都提到「AZ、BNT、Moderna都是做了三期試驗,才得到主要國家緊急授權的」;昨天指揮中心召開記者會卻說「AZ、BNT、Moderna等各家疫苗都是在完成第三期試驗前,即取得主要國家緊急授權的」。
-
#那到底是誰說錯了?
-
因為接下來的文章很長,我先說結論:這兩邊都只挑了想要呈現的事實來解釋,不僅不完整,也不夠精確。
-
準確來說,AZ、BNT、moderna等各家疫苗「都是在完成三期期中試驗結果後,確認試驗結果符合特定標準後,才獲得主要國家緊急授權(EUA)的。」
-
也就是說:
這些國外疫苗是不是二期試驗完成了就取得緊急授權(EUA)? 不是。
-
這些國外疫苗有沒有進行三期試驗才取得緊急授權(EUA)? 有,但是並沒有完成,提出的只是「期中報告」,指揮中心說得沒錯,完整三期試驗都要到 2021 年底之後才能做完。
-
#本文開始囉!
-
首先我要先解釋何謂「緊急授權(EUA)」:一般來說,疫苗或藥品從開發到取得完整上市、完整授權,都需要非常多年的時間,然而,像是 COVID-19 這種迅速傳播的傳染病,從去年到現在已經造成全球無數傷亡,顯然沒有辦法再等上數年的時間等待疫苗完整授權。
-
也因此,如美國 FDA 等主管機關就設立了一些條件(當然也包含了疫苗試驗的階段),在保障安全性和有效性的情形下,先用「緊急授權(EUA)」,讓疫苗能夠先開始施打。
-
一、【現在這些疫苗,到底在哪個時間點「獲得」緊急授權(EUA)的?】
從相關文件可以很明顯的看到,這幾個廠商,「都是在完成三期中期試驗結果,確認試驗結果符合特定標準後,才獲得主要國家緊急授權(EUA)的。」
-
BNT疫苗,2020/11/09 發布了 43,548 人的三期試驗期中數據報告,美國FDA則在2020/12/11,通過了該疫苗的緊急使用授權。
-
AZ疫苗,2020/11/23 發布了 12,390 人的三期試驗期中數據報告,英國在2020/12/30 通過了該疫苗的緊急使用授權。
-
Moderna疫苗,2020/11/16 發布了 30,420 人的三期試驗中期數據報告,美國FDA則在2020/12/18 通過了該疫苗的緊急使用授權。
-
二、【他們做的三期中期試驗報告,到底需要符合什麼條件才能取得EUA?】
這個條件到底是什麼呢,事實上在美國FDA的文章上載明得非常清楚。
-
首先它必須是「基於三期試驗的最終或中期分析成果」"based on a final analysis of a phase 3 clinical efficacy trial or an interim analysis of such trial"
-
再者它必須是「數據基礎必須超過三千位受試者」"an EUA request will include a phase 3 safety database of well over 3,000 vaccine recipients"
-
此外它必須有「第三期試驗中,過半受試者至少兩個月的追蹤數據。」" meaning that at least half of vaccine recipients in phase 3 clinical trials have at least 2 months of follow-up"
-
當然,普遍來說,也會要求第三期初步結果至少有 50 %的保護力。
-
也就是說,海外目前合格的疫苗,絕對沒有「只做」二期試驗就得到EUA的。然而,因為過去完成三期試驗必須耗時多年,因此縮短標準的EUA,要求的是「部分的三期試驗成果」。
-
事實上台灣目前的爭論,在一年前的美國也曾出現過,當時美國正在疫情高峰,單日確診數甚至達十萬以上,政治、經濟的壓力都非常強,但 FDA 最後還是秉持實證醫學的理念,要求藥廠要以臨床試驗的結果進行評估。
-
三、【指揮中心說國產二期就有可能拿到EUA是什麼意思?可能的問題是什麼?】
-
當然,雖然前面提到美國 FDA 如何堅持原則,但也必須要說,為了達到這樣的原則,美國傾盡了全國之力投入疫苗研發,這就是川普政府和民間共同出錢出力的「曲速行動計畫(Operation Warp Speed)」,就是希望在最短的時間內完成疫苗開發。
-
這個計畫基金總共有 180 億美元,正是因為三期疫苗試驗非常昂貴,以 BNT 來說,可能就花了數百億台幣,這也是為什麼,現在除了英、美之外,幾乎沒有國家有辦法在那麼短的時間內製造疫苗。
-
另外,在這些有效疫苗問世後,新的疫苗就不適合繼續在臨床試驗中,給受試者打食鹽水當對照,等於讓他們承受感染風險,進而面臨「倫理議題」的批判。這也是為什麼,全球開始思考要如何避免現在三期試驗出現的高門檻;陳建仁前副總統前幾天提到:「若未來中和抗體量能與其他廠牌的疫苗保護力相同,就可以接受食藥署審查」,正是其中一種概念。
-
也就是說,透過已獲認證的疫苗來作為標準,尚未進入三期臨床的疫苗,根據中和抗體比較,只要能產生足夠的抗體即可證實他的保護力,這在過去的流感、肝炎等疫苗都曾應用過。
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這就是 WHO 近期開始討論的「免疫橋接實驗」,包含 WHO 和歐盟,都正在努力制定一個「抗體保護力(COP)」標準,讓這樣的中和抗體評估可以成為一種認證標準。
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根據媒體報導,台灣的高端疫苗在近期(5/26)也收到 WHO 的邀請,參與了一場會議,除了討論這樣的標準,高端疫苗也表示等待準則公布後,會向歐盟 EMA 申請。
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聽起來不是很棒嗎? #可能出現的問題在哪?
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首先,最重要的一點是,國產疫苗甚至連二期試驗都還沒解盲,而所謂的「抗體保護力(COP)」標準,目前 WHO 也還沒有真的提出來。
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也有許多專家提醒,「理論上有效、初期人體試驗有效,但大規模臨床試驗發現是無效的記錄太多了」、「過去的疫苗是因為研究多年,才能確認中和抗體能夠當作有效性的替代指標」,甚至連陳時中部長都說,「國產疫苗目前是打算要用中和抗體的比較去確認有效性,確實比較不完整」。
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而美國 FDA 也曾明確指出,「尚無數據可確認中和抗體的效價要多高,才能預防有臨床症狀的武漢肺炎」。
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除此之外,即便我們的國產疫苗,很幸運獲得美國 Moderna 技術轉移,但所用技術並不同,安全性也無法一概而論。縱使國產所用的次蛋白技術較為成熟,我們也還無法確定他的副作用如何,讓國產疫苗確實存在許多變數。
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而且,雖然食藥署目前訂定的 EUA 條件為「二期受試者三千人以上,追蹤一個月的安全及療效」即可取得,但前幾天陳時中部長也強調,國產的安全性、有效性仍需要專家和科學的驗證。
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四、【我當然支持國產疫苗研發,也具高度信心,不過呢?】
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我要再次強調,國產疫苗當然有高度戰略價值,因為病毒未來很可能會持續變異,導致每年都要打新的一劑,甚至需要繼續研發新的技術,更遑論台灣的國際處境,讓我們勢必要擁有自給自足的技術。
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因此,我高度支持國產疫苗的研發,我也希望這不只是短期的期待投射,而是長期的資源挹注!
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除此之外,高端疫苗昨天發布聲明,當中提到,「本公司疫苗二期臨床結果如符合預期,將加速執行符合國際規範之三期臨床試驗,以取得國際認證為目標。」
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而據媒體報導,聯亞生技則表示「已透過集團在美國的關係企業,向印度申請規模1.1萬人的三期臨床試驗,目標是今年年底之前完成三期臨床試驗的期中分析。」
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我們當然期待,也樂見國產疫苗進入第三期臨床試驗並取得相關研究結果。
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然而,我還是要提醒執政黨,不應該在國產疫苗還沒完成二期解盲的情況下,就把它納入八月台灣會取得的一千萬劑疫苗當中,仿佛像一個連期中考都還沒完成的學生,卻事先拿到成績一樣,不僅將國人健康陷入風險,更有可能導致未來施打後仍無法進行國境間的移動。
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在二期解盲、國際抗體保護力標準訂出來之前,不應該將民眾的健康視若罔顧。
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因此,我呼籲執政黨應該繼續透過公私協力,儘速取得獲國際認證疫苗,才能做好萬全準備,應對這個看不見終點的疫情,我也要呼籲指揮中心,不精確的說法會導致民眾的誤導,更疊高了社會溝通的成本,而信任、對話,才是疫情下台灣最需要的東西。
operation meaning 在 王婉諭 Facebook 的最佳貼文
文字遊戲?緊急授權是什麼?國產疫苗又在吵什麼?
別用片面解釋誤導民眾,本於事實的精確說明才能取得信任!
這幾天在網路上,針對海外疫苗的認證掀起一番論戰,許多人都提到「AZ、BNT、Moderna都是做了三期試驗,才得到主要國家緊急授權的」;昨天指揮中心召開記者會卻說「AZ、BNT、Moderna等各家疫苗都是在完成第三期試驗前,即取得主要國家緊急授權的」。
那到底是誰說錯了?
因為接下來的文章很長,我先說結論:這兩邊都只挑了想要呈現的事實來解釋,不僅不完整,也不夠精確。
準確來說,AZ、BNT、moderna等各家疫苗「都是在完成三期期中試驗結果後,確認試驗結果符合特定標準後,才獲得主要國家緊急授權(EUA)的。」
也就是說:
這些國外疫苗是不是二期試驗完成了就取得緊急授權(EUA)? 不是。
這些國外疫苗有沒有進行三期試驗才取得緊急授權(EUA)? 有,但是並沒有完成,提出的只是「期中報告」,指揮中心說得沒錯,完整三期試驗都要到 2021 年底之後才能做完。
本文開始囉!
首先我要先解釋何謂「緊急授權(EUA)」:一般來說,疫苗或藥品從開發到取得完整上市、完整授權,都需要非常多年的時間,然而,像是 COVID-19 這種迅速傳播的傳染病,從去年到現在已經造成全球無數傷亡,顯然沒有辦法再等上數年的時間等待疫苗完整授權。
也因此,如美國 FDA 等主管機關就設立了一些條件(當然也包含了疫苗試驗的階段),在保障安全性和有效性的情形下,先用「緊急授權(EUA)」,讓疫苗能夠先開始施打。
一、【現在這些疫苗,到底在哪個時間點「獲得」緊急授權(EUA)的?】
從相關文件可以很明顯的看到,這幾個廠商,「都是在完成三期中期試驗結果,確認試驗結果符合特定標準後,才獲得主要國家緊急授權(EUA)的。」
💉 BNT疫苗,2020/11/09 發布了 43,448 人的三期試驗期中數據報告,美國FDA則在2020/12/11,通過了該疫苗的緊急使用授權。
💉 AZ疫苗,2020/11/23 發布了 12,390 人的三期試驗期中數據報告,英國在2020/12/30 通過了該疫苗的緊急使用授權。
💉 Moderna疫苗,2020/11/16 發布了 30,420 人的三期試驗中期數據報告,美國FDA則在2020/12/18 通過了該疫苗的緊急使用授權。
二、【他們做的三期中期試驗報告,到底需要符合什麼條件才能取得EUA?】
這個條件到底是什麼呢,事實上在美國FDA的網站上載明得非常清楚。
首先它必須是「基於三期試驗的最終或中期分析成果」"based on a final analysis of a phase 3 clinical efficacy trial or an interim analysis of such trial"
再者它必須是「數據基礎必須超過三千位受試者」"an EUA request will include a phase 3 safety database of well over 3,000 vaccine recipients"
此外它必須有「第三期試驗中,過半受試者至少兩個月的追蹤數據。」" meaning that at least half of vaccine recipients in phase 3 clinical trials have at least 2 months of follow-up"
當然,普遍來說,也會要求第三期初步結果至少有 50 %的保護力。
也就是說,海外目前合格的疫苗,絕對沒有「只做」二期試驗就得到EUA的。然而,因為過去完成三期試驗必須耗時多年,因此縮短標準的EUA,要求的是「部分的三期試驗成果」。
事實上台灣目前的爭論,在一年前的美國也曾出現過,當時美國正在疫情高峰,單日確診數甚至達十萬以上,政治、經濟的壓力都非常強,但 FDA 最後還是秉持實證醫學的理念,要求藥廠要以臨床試驗的結果進行評估。
三、【指揮中心說國產二期就有可能拿到EUA是什麼意思?可能的問題是什麼?】
當然,雖然前面提到美國 FDA 如何堅持原則,但也必須要說,為了達到這樣的原則,美國傾盡了全國之力投入疫苗研發,這就是川普政府和民間共同出錢出力的「曲速行動計畫(Operation Warp Speed)」,就是希望在最短的時間內完成疫苗開發。
這個計畫基金總共有 180 億美元,正是因為三期疫苗試驗非常昂貴,以 BNT 來說,可能就花了數百億台幣,這也是為什麼,現在除了英、美之外,幾乎沒有國家有辦法在那麼短的時間內製造疫苗。
另外,在這些有效疫苗問世後,新的疫苗就不適合繼續在臨床試驗中,給受試者打食鹽水當對照,等於讓他們承受感染風險,進而面臨「倫理議題」的批判。這也是為什麼,全球開始思考要如何避免現在三期試驗出現的高門檻;陳建仁前副總統前幾天提到:「若未來中和抗體量能與其他廠牌的疫苗保護力相同,就可以接受食藥署審查」,正是其中一種概念。
也就是說,透過已獲認證的疫苗來作為標準,尚未進入三期臨床的疫苗,根據中和抗體比較,只要能產生足夠的抗體即可證實他的保護力,這在過去的流感、肝炎等疫苗都曾應用過。
這就是 WHO 近期開始討論的「免疫橋接實驗」,包含 WHO 和歐盟,都正在努力制定一個「抗體保護力(COP)」標準,讓這樣的中和抗體評估可以成為一種認證標準。
根據媒體報導,台灣的高端疫苗在近期(5/26)也收到 WHO 的邀請,參與了一場會議,除了討論這樣的標準,高端疫苗也表示等待準則公布後,會向歐盟 EMA 申請。
聽起來不是很棒嗎?可能出現的問題在哪?
首先,最重要的一點是,國產疫苗甚至連二期試驗都還沒解盲,而所謂的「抗體保護力(COP)」標準,目前 WHO 也還沒有真的提出來。
也有許多專家提醒,「理論上有效、初期人體試驗有效,但大規模臨床試驗發現是無效的記錄太多了」、「過去的疫苗是因為研究多年,才能確認中和抗體能夠當作有效性的替代指標」,甚至連陳時中部長都說,「國產疫苗目前是打算要用中和抗體的比較去確認有效性,確實比較不完整」。
而美國 FDA 也曾明確指出,「尚無數據可確認中和抗體的效價要多高,才能預防有臨床症狀的武漢肺炎」。
除此之外,即便我們的國產疫苗,很幸運獲得與moderna 同源(美國國衛院NIH)的技術轉移,但所用技術並不同,安全性也無法一概而論。縱使國產所用的次蛋白技術較為成熟,我們也還無法確定他的副作用如何,讓國產疫苗確實存在許多變數。
而且,雖然食藥署目前訂定的 EUA 條件為「二期受試者三千人以上,追蹤一個月的安全及療效」即可取得,但前幾天陳時中部長也強調,國產的安全性、有效性仍需要專家和科學的驗證。
四、【我當然支持國產疫苗研發,也具高度信心,不過呢?】
我要再次強調,國產疫苗當然有高度戰略價值,因為病毒未來很可能會持續變異,導致每年都要打新的一劑,甚至需要繼續研發新的技術,更遑論台灣的國際處境,讓我們勢必要擁有自給自足的技術。
因此,我高度支持國產疫苗的研發,我也希望這不只是短期的期待投射,而是長期的資源挹注!
除此之外,高端疫苗昨天發布聲明,當中提到,「本公司疫苗二期臨床結果如符合預期,將加速執行符合國際規範之三期臨床試驗,以取得國際認證為目標。」
而據媒體報導,聯亞生技則表示「已透過集團在美國的關係企業,向印度申請規模1.1萬人的三期臨床試驗,目標是今年年底之前完成三期臨床試驗的期中分析。」
我們當然期待,也樂見國產疫苗進入第三期臨床試驗並取得相關研究結果。
然而,我還是要提醒執政黨,不應該在國產疫苗還沒完成二期解盲的情況下,就把它納入八月台灣會取得的一千萬劑疫苗當中,彷彿像一個連期中考都還沒完成的學生,卻事先拿到成績一樣,不僅將國人健康陷入風險,更有可能導致未來施打後仍無法進行國境間的移動。
在二期解盲、國際抗體保護力標準訂出來之前,不應該將民眾的健康視若罔顧。
因此,我呼籲執政黨應該繼續透過公私協力,儘速取得獲國際認證疫苗,才能做好萬全準備,應對這個看不見終點的疫情,我也要呼籲指揮中心,不精確的說法會導致民眾的誤導,更疊高了社會溝通的成本,而信任、對話,才是疫情下台灣最需要的東西。
operation meaning 在 OTAKING / Toshio Okada Youtube 的最佳解答
[play List]OTAKING talk English -Japan culture and animation
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This video menu
0:00 Outline of "On Your Mark" commentary
7:20 Start from level 1 destruction
18:00 Girl with wings
27:28 Girl rescue operation
57:12 Awakening the girl
52:19 Level 2 "Three Malices" Maliciousness 1 Cruel depiction
1:03:42 Maliciousness 2 Nuclear
1:24:52 Maliciousness 3 Wings Girl
1:31:15 Front broadcast end
In this channel, the founder of Gainax, one of the cornerstones of Japanese animation, Toshio Okada, called "Otaking(Nerd King)", who produced the animation, explained the lesser-known Japanese culture and animation. I am.
This video was created on December 8, 2019 originally sent in Japanese, but for many people who are interested in Japanese anime, we have created dubbed audio in English.
If you are interested in this continuation, please take a look at our videos!
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operation meaning 在 一二三渡辺 Youtube 的精選貼文
It was established by Arthur and Walter's Dabiddoson brother and William Sylvester Harleys in 1903.
The motorcycle manufacturer in the United States existed in the past and time only of one
company of Harley Davidson existed, too.
An actual pronunciation is near "Hurley Davissn" though an official name in Japan is "Harley
Davidson".
Feature
The feature of the maximum motorcycle made by the Harley Davidson company is a peculiar pulse feeling, externals that large displacement air cooling OHV and V type twin engine bring, and has a lot of charm fans in this. The drive is a belt drive that is converted the crank movement into the belt by the chain in a primary case and told the rear wheel. Most of the category that is called "American" of the domestic production manufacturer is OHC, V type twin engine, and the style that mimics features other than the drive. Blustan CEO of an American headquarters and chairman shows the idea, "Aim at the Harley that everyone can get on from a high-level Harley to a popular Harley" in 2001.
The shift started, twin cam 88B(balancer) was piled up from evolution 1340cc to present engine and twin cam 88.1450cc by the Softal system in 2000 in 1999, and those engines were improved to 1584cc in the boa in 2007(stroke). It is appearance of twin cam 96(cubic inch). The agreement of exhaust emissions regulations became a problem along with the large exhaust. The catalyst technology is introduced into the muffler in 2001, and all models to whom a new car is sold are made an injection in 2007. However, because the feeling etc. of the engine are different along with make to the injection from the one of a past carburetor specification (A peculiar feeling heavy to the cab was canceled), the deep-rooted popularitys are collected in the model of the cab specification. A present system is completed very much and has finished very much high about reliability though keeps sending the fuel even if the distortion occurs in the piston for the injection in 2003, and is reported on the case where Baspakkin of the cylinder mount is burnt.
Moreover, the motorcycle equipped with the first, water-cooled DOHC V twin engine (Revolution engine) was born ..this company in 2002.., too. (Refer to the page of VRSC for details. )
The model where the profit cannot be taken by the competition with the motorcycle manufacturer in Japan reduces the scale as abolition etc. , and the designed model ..straightening now "Run in the long distance with the United States freeway".. is centered though a small scooter etc. also were manufacturing the Harley company before. Therefore, the ability cannot be demonstrated in the mountainous district and the circuit. It was used in the United States for the police traffic management (Recently, a foreign car such as Kawasaki and BMWs is used).
The home manufacturer was acquired in the inside and 2001 when the entire two-wheel market reduced and the large-sized car share head position of more suppression 750cc was acquired in a Japanese market. It is assumed to two person in the expressway getting on opening of an automatic two-wheeled vehicle by the Road Traffic Law revision in the license acquisition system establishment in the car driving school by the large-scale automatic operation two-wheeled vehicle license foundation in 1996 and 2005 that a foreign manufacturer such as Harleys demanded in the background strong.
The Harley was a vehicle that enjoyed the sound and the pulse. Environmental protection..viewpoint..twin..cam..balanc er..engine..appearance..catalyst..techno logy..introduction..sound..pulse..model. .suppress.
The installation of an illegal muffler was controlled voluntarily by the notice of Harley Davidson Japan that was the sole agency by Japan in around 2003. The agreement of the installation self-imposed control of an illegal muffler was made also between the agency and the sales network in each administrative divisions. This is a meaning that prevents differences from being in the shop that installs it and the shop that doesn't obtain the defense of the notice in numbers of sales.
operation meaning 在 一二三渡辺 Youtube 的最佳貼文
It was established by Arthur and Walter's Dabiddoson brother and William Sylvester Harleys in 1903.
The motorcycle manufacturer in the United States existed in the past and time only of one
company of Harley Davidson existed, too.
An actual pronunciation is near "Hurley Davissn" though an official name in Japan is "Harley
Davidson".
Feature
The feature of the maximum motorcycle made by the Harley Davidson company is a peculiar pulse feeling, externals that large displacement air cooling OHV and V type twin engine bring, and has a lot of charm fans in this. The drive is a belt drive that is converted the crank movement into the belt by the chain in a primary case and told the rear wheel. Most of the category that is called "American" of the domestic production manufacturer is OHC, V type twin engine, and the style that mimics features other than the drive. Blustan CEO of an American headquarters and chairman shows the idea, "Aim at the Harley that everyone can get on from a high-level Harley to a popular Harley" in 2001.
The shift started, twin cam 88B(balancer) was piled up from evolution 1340cc to present engine and twin cam 88.1450cc by the Softal system in 2000 in 1999, and those engines were improved to 1584cc in the boa in 2007(stroke). It is appearance of twin cam 96(cubic inch). The agreement of exhaust emissions regulations became a problem along with the large exhaust. The catalyst technology is introduced into the muffler in 2001, and all models to whom a new car is sold are made an injection in 2007. However, because the feeling etc. of the engine are different along with make to the injection from the one of a past carburetor specification (A peculiar feeling heavy to the cab was canceled), the deep-rooted popularitys are collected in the model of the cab specification. A present system is completed very much and has finished very much high about reliability though keeps sending the fuel even if the distortion occurs in the piston for the injection in 2003, and is reported on the case where Baspakkin of the cylinder mount is burnt.
Moreover, the motorcycle equipped with the first, water-cooled DOHC V twin engine (Revolution engine) was born ..this company in 2002.., too. (Refer to the page of VRSC for details. )
The model where the profit cannot be taken by the competition with the motorcycle manufacturer in Japan reduces the scale as abolition etc. , and the designed model ..straightening now "Run in the long distance with the United States freeway".. is centered though a small scooter etc. also were manufacturing the Harley company before. Therefore, the ability cannot be demonstrated in the mountainous district and the circuit. It was used in the United States for the police traffic management (Recently, a foreign car such as Kawasaki and BMWs is used).
The home manufacturer was acquired in the inside and 2001 when the entire two-wheel market reduced and the large-sized car share head position of more suppression 750cc was acquired in a Japanese market. It is assumed to two person in the expressway getting on opening of an automatic two-wheeled vehicle by the Road Traffic Law revision in the license acquisition system establishment in the car driving school by the large-scale automatic operation two-wheeled vehicle license foundation in 1996 and 2005 that a foreign manufacturer such as Harleys demanded in the background strong.
The Harley was a vehicle that enjoyed the sound and the pulse. Environmental protection..viewpoint..twin..cam..balanc er..engine..appearance..catalyst..techno logy..introduction..sound..pulse..model. .suppress.
The installation of an illegal muffler was controlled voluntarily by the notice of Harley Davidson Japan that was the sole agency by Japan in around 2003. The agreement of the installation self-imposed control of an illegal muffler was made also between the agency and the sales network in each administrative divisions. This is a meaning that prevents differences from being in the shop that installs it and the shop that doesn't obtain the defense of the notice in numbers of sales.