一齊轉場?
「網絡攻擊」呢味嘢,從來都係俄羅斯嘅「主場」,到底有咩嘢原因,會令美國、英國、加拿大、歐盟、北約加埋超過三十個國家一齊轉場?
網絡攻擊近十年無日無之,俄羅斯就特別出名,有無見過美國、英國、加拿大、北約同歐盟,連北歐挪威都單飛同一日出聲明吖?病毒來源都無咁多國家參與...
Patreon原文:
西方國家同一天譴責網絡襲擊嘅仔細「對白」
https://bit.ly/3zfLcCp
#壯觀到呢
#普京會唔會偷笑
好多聲明原文:
《The White House》The United States, Joined by Allies and Partners, Attributes Malicious Cyber Activity and Irresponsible State Behavior to the People’s Republic of China
https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/07/19/the-united-states-joined-by-allies-and-partners-attributes-malicious-cyber-activity-and-irresponsible-state-behavior-to-the-peoples-republic-of-china/
《UK Government》UK and allies hold Chinese state responsible for a pervasive pattern of hacking
https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-allies-hold-chinese-state-responsible-for-a-pervasive-pattern-of-hacking
《Government of Canada》Statement on China’s cyber campaigns
https://www.canada.ca/en/global-affairs/news/2021/07/statement-on-chinas-cyber-campaigns.html
《European Council》China: Declaration by the High Representative on behalf of the European Union urging Chinese authorities to take action against malicious cyber activities undertaken from its territory
https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2021/07/19/declaration-by-the-high-representative-on-behalf-of-the-eu-urging-china-to-take-action-against-malicious-cyber-activities-undertaken-from-its-territory/
《NATO》Statement by the North Atlantic Council in solidarity with those affected by recent malicious cyber activities including the Microsoft Exchange Server compromise
https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2021/07/19/declaration-by-the-high-representative-on-behalf-of-the-eu-urging-china-to-take-action-against-malicious-cyber-activities-undertaken-from-its-territory/
《Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Norway》Cyber operation against the Storting (Norwegian parliament)
https://www.regjeringen.no/en/aktuelt/cyber_operation/id2866410/
***************************************
📢乞食廣告:文字、時間與心血有價
🥣每日更新乞兒兜:
https://www.patreon.com/goodbyehkhellouk
***************************************
同時也有6部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過0的網紅CarDebuts,也在其Youtube影片中提到,เผยโฉมตัวจริง All-New Nissan Note e-Power 2021 นิสสัน โน้ต อีเพาเวอร์ โฉมใหม่ เริ่มขาย 23 ธันวาคมนี้ ในประเทศญี่ปุ่น ระบบขับเคลื่อน 2WD เครื่องยนต์รห...
「operation pattern」的推薦目錄:
- 關於operation pattern 在 Goodbye HK, Hello UK Facebook 的最佳貼文
- 關於operation pattern 在 安德魯 貼地旅行團 Facebook 的精選貼文
- 關於operation pattern 在 Taipei Ethereum Meetup Facebook 的最讚貼文
- 關於operation pattern 在 CarDebuts Youtube 的最佳解答
- 關於operation pattern 在 hiro hiro Youtube 的最讚貼文
- 關於operation pattern 在 Gobby Hong Youtube 的最讚貼文
operation pattern 在 安德魯 貼地旅行團 Facebook 的精選貼文
這是我second operating flight的樣子,
當年滿面青春,青春豆個青春,
手提電話個鏡頭又無咁勁既時候,
咁就叫一齊食野既同學仔幫我影左張相,
個時既樣子好青澀,都未知呢度世途險惡。
次次大家諗到我地係著住套制服,好靚咁周圍去玩既時候,
其實每次做完班機,都滿面油光,
啲客走個時,一定會有人問,你地就好啦,可以留係度玩幾日,
我每次都只係笑住答,我都想☺️(專業的假笑)
Sor777777ly,我地有個日本overnight已經開心到爆炸,
我first flight 已經好好彩係去日本,
不過夾埋訓,我個stay都有11個鐘左右啦,
未計要食野沖涼瞓覺,
所以通左做得耐左,第一時間係衝去便利店買野食,
鬼咩,唔知點解次次做完班機體力勞動完,
就會肚餓,你睇下我以前瘦幾多你就明...
但係呢,實有班人衝出黎話,
喂,你有得stay仲想點?拿,我deserve 嫁okay嗎?
唔係我做乜要做菇😓
我記得個時係第一次到日本,
自然就好想衝去食下野,好似吸收過呢個日本既空氣咁,
咁好彩又同我既同學仔一齊飛,
跟住2條友就傻傻下就去搭左架巴士去左個唔識既地方落車,
個時又未興wifi蛋,去sightseeing仲係用地圖既年代,
於是就咁就入左去食左係日本第一次食既晚餐....(後來我先知,個度叫成田站)
係呀,每次做完班機,係成身汗,
係滿面油光,又會崖住眼瞓去食嘢,為左只係醫肚,
咁難得個時同同學仔飛,當然會做啲青春既事,
通常咁,最後就只係訓得三四個鐘,
其實我地咁樣,已經好滿足,
所以你話菇有幾易滿足,我地又唔係為左賺大錢,
只係希望有啲有stay既pattern,
黎緊又淨翻幾多?
到依家,我好多flight都要睇翻張我先記得自己去過邊,
不過呢個second operation flight 同 first flight,
我一世都記住,至少個時係最天真既時候。
個時,仲天真到,買左張日本Disney既幻彩postcard...
我艾豬:www.instagram.com/a.drewy
operation pattern 在 Taipei Ethereum Meetup Facebook 的最讚貼文
📜 [專欄新文章] Reason Why You Should Use EIP1167 Proxy Contract. (With Tutorial)
✍️ Ping Chen
📥 歡迎投稿: https://medium.com/taipei-ethereum-meetup #徵技術分享文 #使用心得 #教學文 #medium
EIP1167 minimal proxy contract is a standardized, gas-efficient way to deploy a bunch of contract clones from a factory.
1. Who may consider using EIP1167
For some DApp that are creating clones of a contract for its users, a “factory pattern” is usually introduced. Users simply interact with the factory to get a copy. For example, Gnosis Multisig Wallet has a factory. So, instead of copy-and-paste the source code to Remix, compile, key in some parameters, and deploy it by yourself, you can just ask the factory to create a wallet for you since the contract code has already been on-chain.
The problem is: we need standalone contract instances for each user, but then we’ll have many copies of the same bytecode on the blockchain, which seems redundant. Take multisig wallet as an example, different multisig wallet instances have separate addresses to receive assets and store the wallet’s owners’ addresses, but they can share the same program logic by referring to the same library. We call them ‘proxy contracts’.
One of the most famous proxy contract users is Uniswap. It also has a factory pattern to create exchanges for each ERC20 tokens. Different from Gnosis Multisig, Uniswap only has one exchange instance that contains full bytecode as the program logic, and the remainders are all proxies. So, when you go to Etherscan to check out the code, you’ll see a short bytecode, which is unlikely an implementation of an exchange.
0x3660006000376110006000366000732157a7894439191e520825fe9399ab8655e0f7085af41558576110006000f3
What it does is blindly relay every incoming transaction to the reference contract 0x2157a7894439191e520825fe9399ab8655e0f708by delegatecall.
Every proxy is a 100% replica of that contract but serving for different tokens.
The length of the creation code of Uniswap exchange implementation is 12468 bytes. A proxy contract, however, has only 46 bytes, which is much more gas efficient. So, if your DApp is in a scenario of creating copies of a contract, no matter for each user, each token, or what else, you may consider using proxy contracts to save gas.
2. Why use EIP1167
According to the proposal, EIP is a “minimal proxy contract”. It is currently the known shortest(in bytecode) and lowest gas consumption overhead implementation of proxy contract. Though most ERCs are protocols or interfaces, EIP1167 is the “best practice” of a proxy contract. It uses some EVM black magic to optimize performance.
EIP1167 not only minimizes length, but it is also literally a “minimal” proxy that does nothing but proxying. It minimizes trust. Unlike other upgradable proxy contracts that rely on the honesty of their administrator (who can change the implementation), address in EIP1167 is hardcoded in bytecode and remain unchangeable.
That brings convenience to the community.
Etherscan automatically displays code for EIP1167 proxies.
When you see an EIP1167 proxy, you can definitely regard it as the contract that it points to. For instance, if Etherscan finds a contract meets the format of EIP1167, and the reference implementation’s code has been published, it will automatically use that code for the proxy contract. Unfortunately, non-standard EIP1167 proxies like Uniswap will not benefit from this kind of network effect.
3. How to upgrade a contract to EIP1167 compatible
*Please read all the steps before use, otherwise there might have problems.
A. Build a clone factory
For Vyper, there’s a function create_with_code_of(address)that creates a proxy and returns its address. For Solidity, you may find a reference implementation here.
function createClone(address target) internal returns (address result){ bytes20 targetBytes = bytes20(target); assembly { let clone := mload(0x40) mstore(clone, 0x3d602d80600a3d3981f3363d3d373d3d3d363d73000000000000000000000000) mstore(add(clone, 0x14), targetBytes) mstore(add(clone, 0x28), 0x5af43d82803e903d91602b57fd5bf30000000000000000000000000000000000) result := create(0, clone, 0x37) }}
You can either deploy the implementation contract first or deploy it with the factory’s constructor. I’ll suggest the former, so you can optimize it with higher runs.
contract WalletFactory is CloneFactory { address Template = "0xc0ffee"; function createWallet() external returns (address newWallet) { newWallet = createClone(Template); }}
B. Replace constructor with initializer
When it comes to a contract, there are two kinds of code: creation code and runtime code. Runtime code is the actual business logic stored in the contract’s code slot. Creation code, on the other hand, is runtime code plus an initialization process. When you compile a solidity source code, the output bytecode you get is creation code. And the permanent bytecode you can find on the blockchain is runtime code.
For EIP1167 proxies, we say it ‘clones’ a contract. It actually clones a contract’s runtime code. But if the contract that it is cloning has a constructor, the clone is not 100% precise. So, we need to slightly modify our implementation contract. Replace the constructor with an ‘initializer’, which is part of the permanent code but can only be called once.
// constructorconstructor(address _owner) external { owner = _owner;}// initializerfunction set(address _owner) external { require(owner == address(0)); owner = _owner;}
Mind that initializer is not a constructor, so theoretically it can be called multiple times. You need to maintain the edge case by yourself. Take the code above as an example, when the contract is initialized, the owner must never be set to 0, or anyone can modify it.
C. Don’t assign value outside a function
As mentioned, a creation code contains runtime code and initialization process. A so-called “initialization process” is not only a constructor but also all the variable assignments outside a function. If an EIP1167 proxy points to a contract that assigns value outside a function, it will again have different behavior. We need to remove them.
There are two approaches to solve this problem. The first one is to turn all the variables that need to be assigned to constant. By doing so, they are no longer a variable written in the contract’s storage, but a constant value that hardcoded everywhere it is used.
bytes32 public constant symbol = "4441490000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000";uint256 public constant decimals = 18;
Second, if you really want to assign a non-constant variable while initializing, then just add it to the initializer.
mapping(address => bool) public isOwner;uint public dailyWithdrawLimit;uint public signaturesRequired;
function set(address[] _owner, uint limit, uint required) external { require(dailyWithdrawLimit == 0 && signaturesRequired == 0); dailyWithdrawLimit = limit; signaturesRequired = required; //DO SOMETHING ELSE}
Our ultimate goal is to eliminate the difference between runtime code and creation code, so EIP1167 proxy can 100% imitate its implementation.
D. Put them all together
A proxy contract pattern splits the deployment process into two. But the factory can combine two steps into one, so users won’t feel different.
contract multisigWallet { //wallet interfaces function set(address[] owners, uint required, uint limit) external;}contract walletFactory is cloneFactory { address constant template = "0xdeadbeef"; function create(address[] owners, uint required, uint limit) external returns (address) { address wallet = createClone(template); multisigWallet(wallet).set(owners, required, limit); return wallet; }}
Since both the factory and the clone/proxy has exactly the same interface, no modification is required for all the existing DApp, webpage, and tools, just enjoy the benefit of proxy contracts!
4. Drawbacks
Though proxy contract can lower the storage fee of deploying multiple clones, it will slightly increase the gas cost of each operation in the future due to the usage of delegatecall. So, if the contract is not so long(in bytes), and you expect it’ll be called millions of times, it’ll eventually be more efficient to not use EIP1167 proxies.
In addition, proxy pattern also introduces a different attack vector to the system. For EIP1167 proxies, trust is minimized since the address they point to is hardcoded in bytecode. But, if the reference contract is not permanent, some problems may happen.
You might ever hear of parity multisig wallet hack. There are multiple proxies(not EIP1167) that refer to the same implementation. However, the wallet has a self-destruct function, which empties both the storage and the code of a contract. Unfortunately, there was a bug in Parity wallet’s access control and someone accidentally gained the ownership of the original implementation. That did not directly steal assets from other parity wallets, but then the hacker deleted the original implementation, making all the remaining wallets a shell without functionality, and lock assets in it forever.
https://cointelegraph.com/news/parity-multisig-wallet-hacked-or-how-come
Conclusion
In brief, the proxy factory pattern helps you to deploy a bunch of contract clones with a considerably lower gas cost. EIP1167 defines a bytecode format standard for minimal proxy and it is supported by Etherscan.
To upgrade a contract to EIP1167 compatible, you have to remove both constructor and variable assignment outside a function. So that runtime code will contain all business logic that proxies may need.
Here’s a use case of EIP1167 proxy contract: create adapters for ERC1155 tokens to support ERC20 interface.
pelith/erc-1155-adapter
References
https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1167
https://blog.openzeppelin.com/on-the-parity-wallet-multisig-hack-405a8c12e8f7/
Donation:
pingchen.eth
0xc1F9BB72216E5ecDc97e248F65E14df1fE46600a
Reason Why You Should Use EIP1167 Proxy Contract. (With Tutorial) was originally published in Taipei Ethereum Meetup on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.
👏 歡迎轉載分享鼓掌
operation pattern 在 CarDebuts Youtube 的最佳解答
เผยโฉมตัวจริง All-New Nissan Note e-Power 2021 นิสสัน โน้ต อีเพาเวอร์ โฉมใหม่ เริ่มขาย 23 ธันวาคมนี้ ในประเทศญี่ปุ่น
ระบบขับเคลื่อน 2WD เครื่องยนต์รหัส HR12DE-EM47
รุ่น F ราคา 2,054,800 เยน
รุ่น S ราคา 2,029,500 เยน
รุ่น X ราคา 2,186,800 เยน
Evolution of e-POWER "e-POWER", which has evolved into the second generation, has renewed its motor and inverter. Compared to the predecessor "Note", the motor has improved torque by 10% and output by 6%, achieving more powerful and comfortable starting acceleration and a powerful feeling of acceleration when overtaking from medium and high speeds. The inverter is 40% smaller and 30% lighter than the first generation, and the efficiency of the engine is also improved, which not only improves acceleration performance but also improves fuel efficiency. In addition, by reducing the frequency of engine operation by controlling the system and improving the sound insulation performance of the car body, we have achieved a class of quietness despite being a compact car. In addition, we have developed the world's first control system that actively generates electricity when it is judged that road noise is large based on the road surface condition, and we are improving the quietness.
Advanced safety technology
in all directions Equipped with advanced safety technology that realizes 360 ° safety support, safety in all directions has been improved. In addition, "ProPilot (with Navilink function)" is installed for the first time * 2 . By adding a function linked with the navigation system to the professional pilot who supports driving operations when driving in the same lane on the highway, it is possible to switch the set speed according to the change in the speed limit and decelerate according to the size of the curve. The system assists the driver to reduce the frequency of operation and realize a safe and comfortable drive.
In addition, Nissan's first 1470MPa class ultra-high-tensile steel (ultra-high-strength steel plate for cold pressing) is used for the body frame to achieve both weight reduction and collision safety at a high level.
Exterior design that goes beyond the conventional wisdom of compact cars
A thin headlamp integrated with the front grille, a new V-motion chrome that connects to it, a character line that connects from the front to the rear with a single line, and a clean view that extends below it The advanced, clean and dynamic design of Nissan's new design language, such as the inflection of the richly sloping surface depending on the angle and the distinctive signature rear combination lamp with the shape of one horizontal character that spreads horizontally, while being compact It also has a striking presence. In addition, the front grille has a pattern inspired by Kumiko, a traditional Japanese craft, and has a "design that blends into the Japanese landscape." The sleek and advanced headlamps use a 4-unit LED projector * 3 . Similarly, the optional 16-inch aluminum wheels have a sharp and sophisticated design inspired by Japanese swords, and are designed to remind you of the driving performance of the "e-POWER." We have prepared a wide range of 13 body colors, including 2 tones of 2 colors, to create a lineup that customers can enjoy and choose according to their tastes. Nissan's new cool tone "Opera Move", which was developed for the advanced and dynamic "Vivid Blue" and the new "Note", is a color that suits sophisticated adults.
Advanced and comfortable interior space The
interior design realizes an advanced and comfortable space that overturns the common sense of compact cars. The instrument panel that expands outward is equipped with a meter integrated with the center display, embodying Nissan's new interior design concept that combines advanced feeling and ease of use suitable for electrification. In addition, the bridge-type center console on which a small electronically controlled shift lever sits is equipped with a large storage space and long reach armrests, so you can enjoy both comfortable driving with an innovative design. In addition, the center console in the front seat is equipped with highly convenient functions such as a wireless charger for smartphones * 3 . The rear seats are equipped with a reclining function, ensuring a class-leading spacious space in both the knee room and headroom. Furthermore, in the luggage compartment, by securing a wide opening and luggage compartment width, it is possible to store luggage without stress. Three types of interior colors and materials are available. The X grade is a combination of a jersey seat with gradation stripes and a synthetic leather armrest. The instrument panel also features carbon-like decorations and a long, horizontally-spreading matte chrome finisher for a clean, modern color coordination.
![post-title](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/l9XTyWEpeIg/hqdefault.jpg)
operation pattern 在 hiro hiro Youtube 的最讚貼文
完成サイズ 横14cm×縦11cm
表生地 16cm×32cm
内生地 16cm×21cm
A4用紙は作業ごとに新しい紙に変えて下さい。
材料
布用ボンド(裁ほう上手)
A4用紙 10枚くらい
ハンドクリップ(100均)
約1cm幅のひも、チロリアンテープやバイアステープなど(100均)
マジックテープ(100均)
アイロンシート(ダイソー)
アイロンとアイロン台
汚れてもよい当て布
定規
表生地に使用する柄に向きがある場合は上を1cm折って下さい。
コニシ ボンド 裁ほう上手
https://amzn.to/2MwIJNz
Finished size 14 cm x 11 cm
Outer fabric 16 cm x 32 cm
Inner fabric 16cm×21cm
Please change the A4 paper to new paper after each operation.
material
Bond for cloth
10 sheets of A4 paper
Hand clip
About 1 cm wide string, Tyrolean tape or bias tape
Velcro tape
Iron sheet
Iron and ironing board
Cloth that can be dirty
ruler
If the pattern used for the surface material is oriented, fold the top 1 cm.
#アイロン不要
#移動ポケット
#DIY
![post-title](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/rAXy1qb-qEU/hqdefault.jpg)
operation pattern 在 Gobby Hong Youtube 的最讚貼文
今次條片用左新既software同手法去剪,大家俾D意見我啦~! ^3^
記得 “訂閱” http://www.youtube.com/gobihomu
片中用到產品:
• Muji - Nail File
• Priti NYC #705 2-in-1 Top & Base Coat
http://priti-hk.com/en/products/705-%252d-2-in-1-Top-%26-Base-Coat-.html
• L'Oreal Color Riche Nail Polish #Ingenious Rose
• SinfulColors #Snow me white
http://www.sinfulcolors.com/productMain/colorDetails/85
• AILA - 5-Free Nail color #Blue Lagoon
http://mistybelle.com.hk/default/nail/nail-color/aila-blue-lagoon.html
• Kiss Nail Artist Paint in Black
http://www.kissusa.com/nails-63/nail-polish-colors/nail-art-paint/kiss-nail-artist-paint-gala.html
• Sally Hansen - Miracle gel 2x Volume TopCoat
http://www.sallyhansen.com/nails/nail-color/gel-nail-color/miracle-gel-2x-volume-top-coat
Follow me~!!!
Instagram : http://instagram.com/gobihong
Facebook : http://www.facebook.com/gobbyhappylife
微博 : http://weibo.com/gobbyhong
Twitter : http://twitter.com/gobbyhong
Subscribe if you like !!! ^^
Music used :
Carefree by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1400037
Artist: http://incompetech.com/
![post-title](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/mxo6zLFS3Y0/hqdefault.jpg)