最近,我在「TIME時代」雜志的專欄文章裡,向全球的讀者介紹了大陸「世界工廠」的+AI自動化升級。隨著勞動力成本的上漲,工業自動化、智慧化勢必是大陸製造業的一劑特效藥。自動化能讓運營成本下降,但仍能讓中國大陸保持生產品質、流程、供應鏈維度的優勢。AI賦能產業升級的願景或許還需多年才能實現,但當下的大陸已經讓未來可期。
以下是專欄文章全文,經TIME授權翻譯轉載:
「中國世界工廠 + AI 的未來」
多年來,中國大陸一直被喻為「世界工廠」,即便在全球其他經濟體紛紛遭遇新冠疫情重擊的2020年,大陸製造產業仍然維持穩健的增長范式,全年產值高達3.854萬億美元,占到全球市場近三分之一。
但如果你腦中的大陸工廠是傳統的「血汗工廠」,是時候修正你的刻板印象了。大陸經濟已經迅速地從疫情衝擊下復蘇,疫情同時催化了各種各樣人工智慧(AI)的應用場景加速實現。自2014年以來,中國大陸的AI專利申請量已經超越美國,至今維持全球領先。在學術領域,中國大陸的AI研究論文發表數量、AI期刊的引用量,也雙雙在近年超過了美國。在產業方面,AI應用在大陸的落地速度超越世界其他國家和地區,具有商業價值的AI應用如今開始百花齊放,整合了軟體、硬體和機器人技術的新一代自動化揭開序曲,AI賦能傳統行業的能量,正在蓄勢待發地重塑各行各業。
人類社會至今經歷了三次不同的工業革命:蒸汽革命、電力革命和資訊革命。我相信,AI將會是推動全球第四次工業革命的核心引擎,在世界各地點燃數位化和自動化的變革,而這波前所未有的硬科技浪潮,將由中國來引領實踐。
由於勞動人口減少和新增人口放緩,中國大陸的傳統產業正面臨著勞動力成本上升的巨大壓力,AI正是解決這個難題的技術解答。人工智慧不僅能夠降低運營成本,提高生產效率,擴大整體產能,還有望能帶來收入的增長。
例如,創新工場投資的廣州極飛科技是一家致力於未來農業的AI科技公司,極飛將無人機、機器人和感測器部署在稻田、麥田和棉花田裡,用技術賦能農業中的播種、農藥噴灑、栽種管理、甚至天氣監測環節。用於作物噴灑的極飛科技R150農業無人車已經被推廣到了英國,應用在蘋果、草莓、黑莓等多種經濟作物的種植流程中。
一些大陸的創新公司正積極把機器人拓展到意想不到的場景。總部位於北京的鎂伽是創新工場投資的生命科學智慧自動化公司,他們和實驗室、製藥公司、高校合作,憑藉AI+機器人技術的積累,用自動化解決方案執行實驗室中勞動密集、重複性高、但需要高度精確的任務和流程,同時機器人作業也將盡最大可能保護實驗室人員降低實驗過程中的感染風險。
除了創業公司,我們看到幾家成熟的龍頭企業也開始積極擁抱AI。創新工場參與了有28年歷史的中力電動叉車,這家頭部的鋰電叉車製造商已經推出了能夠在工廠、倉庫自主運行的無人叉車,並且無需對運行環境進行改造,能快速實現從手動到電動到自動駕駛的搬運賦能創新。此外,擁有50多年歷史的領先客車製造商-宇通集團,與自動駕駛獨角獸企業-文遠知行戰略合作,已在大陸三個城市的馬路上運行全無人駕駛小巴。
接著會發生什麼?我大膽預見,在更長遠的未來,機器人和AI將接管大多數產品的製造、設計、交付甚至營銷——很可能將生產成本降低到和原物料成本相差無幾。未來的機器人有能力自我複製和自我修復,甚至做到部分自我反覆運算設計。房屋和公寓將交由AI主導設計,使用預製建築模塊,交由機器人像搭積木似地築樓蓋房。無人公交、無人摩托等隨傳隨到的自動化未來交通系統,能將我們安全無虞地送達想去的地方。
這些願景成為現實或許還需要多年,但此時的大陸正在積極鋪墊引領新一代自動化革命的基石。可期的是,中國工廠的實力將不僅僅體現在產能上,而將逐步彰顯在智慧上。
本文經「TIME時代」授權進行中文編譯,原文如下:
China Is Still the World's Factory — And It's Designing the Future With AI
BY KAI-FU LEE
For many years now, China has been the world’s factory. Even in 2020, as other economies struggled with the effects of the pandemic, China’s manufacturing output was $3.854 trillion, up from the previous year, accounting for nearly a third of the global market.
But if you are still thinking of China’s factories as sweatshops, it’s probably time to change your perception. The Chinese economic recovery from its short-lived pandemic blip has been boosted by its world-beating adoption of artificial intelligence (AI). After overtaking the U.S. in 2014, China now has a significant lead over the rest of the world in AI patent applications. In academia, China recently surpassed the U.S. in the number of both AI research publications and journal citations. Commercial applications are flourishing: a new wave of automation and AI infusion is crashing across a swath of sectors, combining software, hardware and robotics.
As a society, we have experienced three distinct industrial revolutions: steam power, electricity and information technology. I believe AI is the engine fueling the fourth industrial revolution globally, digitizing and automating everywhere. China is at the forefront in manifesting this unprecedented change.
Chinese traditional industries are confronting rising labor costs thanks to a declining working population and slowing population growth. The answer is AI, which reduces operational costs, enhances efficiency and productivity, and generates revenue growth.
For example, Guangzhou-based agricultural-technology company XAG, a Sinovation Ventures portfolio company, is sending drones, robots and sensors to rice, wheat and cotton fields, automating seeding, pesticide spraying, crop development and weather monitoring. XAG’s R150 autonomous vehicle, which sprays crops, has recently been deployed in the U.K. to be used on apples, strawberries and blackberries.
Some companies are rolling out robots in new and unexpected sectors. MegaRobo, a Beijing-based life-science automation company also backed by Sinovation Ventures, designs AI and robots to safely perform repetitive and precise laboratory work in universities, pharmaceutical companies and more, reducing to zero the infection risk to lab workers.
It’s not just startups; established market leaders are also leaning into AI. EP Equipment, a manufacturer of lithium-powered warehouse forklifts founded in Hangzhou 28 years ago, has with Sinovation Ventures’ backing launched autonomous models that are able to maneuver themselves in factories and on warehouse floors. Additionally Yutong Group, a leading bus manufacturer with over 50 years’ history, already has a driverless Mini Robobus on the streets of three cities in partnership with autonomous vehicle unicorn WeRide.
Where is all this headed? I can foresee a time when robots and AI will take over the manufacturing, design, delivery and even marketing of most goods—potentially reducing costs to a small increment over the cost of materials. Robots will become self-replicating, self-repairing and even partially self-designing. Houses and apartment buildings will be designed by AI and use prefabricated modules that robots put together like toy blocks. And just-in-time autonomous public transportation, from robo-buses to robo-scooters, will take us anywhere we want to go.
It will be years before these visions of the future enter the mainstream. But China is laying the groundwork right now, setting itself up to be a leader not only in how much it manufactures, but also in how intelligently it does it.
Source:https://time.com/6084158/china-ai-factory-future/
同時也有2部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過2萬的網紅宅大大,也在其Youtube影片中提到,宅大大分享會??? 日期:11月28號(星期六) 時間:早上11點-3點 地點:九龍區某大酒店 費用:每位$300 有興趣參加者,可先找宅管家留位 宅管家微信號:zdd_8686 名額有限,額滿即止 *本視頻設有繁體中文/簡體中文字幕功能 操作提示:在右上角按CC鍵,再㨂選所需字幕便可觀看。 ...
「potentially 中文」的推薦目錄:
potentially 中文 在 Crossing Campus Facebook 的精選貼文
【Like they did in 2016?】#中英對照
As November 3 approaches, many pollsters are showing polls to convey that former Vice President Joe Biden has a commanding lead and on pace to win the presidency much like what they said about Hillary Clinton's chances in 2016.
Just as in 2016, there are tea leaves indicating that President Trump is potentially on pace to make this race very close and perhaps repeat the result of 2016.
📌中文版看這邊 >> https://bit.ly/380ZAEd
potentially 中文 在 J帥 Just Tri Facebook 的最佳解答
【分享幾個影片】
第一是這騎車時的呼吸示意圖,其實還挺嚇人的,來自美國加洲的一個單車俱樂部,當然他們已取消所有團騎活動。
https://is.gd/eSZ92T
這讓我想起上週我的一組長跑課表時,有個陌生人一直追到我身邊跟我聊天,我一開始只是嗯~喔~啊~,然後快速跑開,他又一直追上來,連續3-4次,逼得我只好開無雙甩掉他.....我承認我有點神經質,但我更怕失去我的肺!
要瞭解這病毒的影響,就推薦這部:『如果你中了ConoraVirus會發生什麼事』? 雖是英文,但有中文字幕可點選,推薦大家看一下,,相當客觀專業且淺顯易懂。
影片:https://youtu.be/5DGwOJXSxqg
另外這影片則是世界各主要城市過去繁華與現在孤寂的模樣。
影片:https://youtu.be/vFZZF39fgWM
這個世界已然改變,我們當然想回到從前,但現階段越是自律,世界撥亂反正的速度才會加快。
希望你平安健康
potentially 中文 在 宅大大 Youtube 的精選貼文
宅大大分享會???
日期:11月28號(星期六)
時間:早上11點-3點
地點:九龍區某大酒店
費用:每位$300
有興趣參加者,可先找宅管家留位
宅管家微信號:zdd_8686
名額有限,額滿即止
*本視頻設有繁體中文/簡體中文字幕功能
操作提示:在右上角按CC鍵,再㨂選所需字幕便可觀看。
相關連結:
~稅收計算器,只要輸入收入狀況資料,就能大概估算出每年繳稅額: https://www.gov.uk/estimate-income-tax
~國民保險:
https://www.gov.uk/national-insurance
~查市政稅:
http://cti.voa.gov.uk/cti/inits.asp
~行車稅資料:
https://www.gov.uk/vehicle-tax-rate-tables
~印花稅資料:
https://www.gov.uk/stamp-duty-land-tax/residential-property-rates
~印花稅計算器:
https://www.tax.service.gov.uk/calculate-stamp-duty-land-tax/#/intro
~儲蓄稅:
https://www.gov.uk/apply-tax-free-interest-on-savings
~股息稅:
https://www.gov.uk/stamp-duty-land-tax/residential-property-rates
~離岸信託:
https://www.pruadviser.co.uk/knowledge-literature/knowledge-library/excluded-property-trusts/#relatedcontent
~英國稅後收入計算器:
https://www.thesalarycalculator.co.uk/salary.php#modal-close
![post-title](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/GCL8Hkp2G1I/hqdefault.jpg)
potentially 中文 在 PM Wang Youtube 的精選貼文
3/5/2014 @Good Friends Cafe Fayse 吴国菲 办了他的第一场个人音乐会《我不是歌手 飨乐会》。就是这样的音乐,这样的演绎方式,这一场音乐会,让大家不断催促吴国菲推出个人专辑!
This is the kind of music that sparks huge interest in Fayse's solo album.... shot during Fayse's solo concert 《Not a Star Dine-in Concert》 in May 2014, you now can decide if you want to see Fayse's debut solo album out in the market!
出不出,你决定!—— 吴国菲《Fayse The Music》全民集资专辑
预购/投资请到:www.mystartr.com/projects/fayse
自从 Fayse 吴国菲 亮相 #脱口唱 办了 #飨乐会 后,大家对于吴国菲出专辑的询问不曾间断...... 你真的希望吴国菲出专辑吗?我们把吴国菲是否出专辑的命运交给你。请你用投资或预购的行动表态支持!
吴国菲《Fayse The Music》专辑——收录7首歌(4首吴国菲原创曲,3首翻唱歌)、拍摄三支MV—— 一张完整的吴国菲 Funk-Acid Jazz-Blues-Pop强烈个人风格的专辑。我们有团队,我们有概念,我们有构想,对吴国菲的音乐有信心,也很期待。但是我们没有资金。最关键的是——我们不肯定那些希望吴国菲推出专辑的询问,是不是真实的需求。
每张专辑预购售价是RM40(大马半岛邮费全免,沙巴砂拉越与海外邮费另计)。我们估计所需要的制作与生产费是RM50,000。只要我们筹得RM30,000,吴国菲的首张专辑就能正式生产。如果在60天内,31/8/2014前,你们的预购或投资无法达到RM30,000总数,吴国菲的专辑计划就会取消,每一分钱都会归还给已经投资的你。
你愿意投资好音乐吗?如果成功,这将是大马首张乐迷集资推出的中文专辑!靠你了!
更多详情,可浏览:吴国菲 FB: http://www.facebook.com/showmeyourfayse
留意聆听网页:http://www.610t.com/
"Fayse The Music" -- Crowd Funded Music Album Project
Are you really anticipating Fayse's debut album? Now this is your chance! We are putting the honour and Fayse's fate in your hand allowing you to decide whether Fayse should be producing his first solo album, by investing in it through pre-order.
We have a strong team, a brilliant concept behind the BIG idea, and definite confidence in Fayse's music, but we do not have the luxury of funding, and the most crucial of all, we are uncertain if your ever-going enquiries in regards to whether Fayse would be releasing his solo album could potentially be translated into actual album sales.
Fayse's album will carry the title 《Fayse The Music》- inclusive of 7 songs (4 Originals by Fayse + 3 Cover songs) ; 3 Music Videos will be produced. All these would easily sum up to a forecasted production cost of RM50,000. Based on pre-order selling price of RM40 each (postage within Peninsular Malaysia waived, Sabah, Sarawak & overseas delivery postage will be charged accordingly), we have done the calculation and decided that we would materialize the project and kick off the album production, ONLY if we could raise a minimum of RM30,000. This will be done via Crowd Funding online over a course of limited time period of 60 days. Under any circumstances, if this number is not achieved by end of the Crowd Funding campaign, your contribution will be refunded, and the project will then be called off.
Are you willing to invest in good music? If so, this will be the first ever crowd-funded Chinese Album in Malaysia! It's all up to you!
To pre-order or to support:
www.mystartr.com/projects/fayse
For more info, please visit:
fayse FB: http://www.facebook.com/showmeyourfayse
610t webpage:http://www.610t.com
![post-title](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/oxqhxRQCtYU/hqdefault.jpg?sqp=-oaymwEbCKgBEF5IVfKriqkDDggBFQAAiEIYAXABwAEG&rs=AOn4CLDc4fKupJyGzshQSV3CeBDbmH-voQ)
potentially 中文 在 Review potentially invalid references - YouTube Help 的推薦與評價
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