關於 replace a by b ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

God is Not Like Man

“Pilate therefore went out to them, and said, “What accusation do you bring against this man?” They answered him, “If this man weren’t an evildoer, we wouldn’t have delivered him up to you.” Pilate therefore said to them, “Take him yourselves, and judge him according to your law.” Therefore the Jews said to him, “It is not lawful for us to put anyone to death,” that the word of Jesus might be fulfilled, which he spoke, signifying by what kind of death he should die.” (John‬ ‭18:29-32‬ ‭WEB‬‬)

Look how the religious leaders of Israel had murder in their hearts but were unable to do it because they were restricted by the Law.

They keep the Law outwardly just for the public eye, and looked for ways to get around the Law to execute their murderous schemes.

While they looked for any loophole to commit murder, God used His infinite wisdom and knowledge to find a way to save mankind.

Under the Law, God said that the soul who sins must die. In Paul’s words, “the wages of sin is death”.

There was only one way for us to be saved because we cannot fulfill the demands of the Law by ourselves. Someone else must die in our place as a substitute.

This person must be a member of mankind, sinless, and his life has to be worthy enough to pay for all the sins of the world.

That is why the only begotten Son of God had to become a man, bleed, and die as our atoning sacrifice for sins.

Today, we are saved, blessed, and favored by God not because of our own obedience towards the Law, but because of the shed blood of Jesus Christ. His sinless, divine blood is a massive overpayment for all our sin debts, purchasing every spiritual blessing of God for us.

I read someone write that “your sin can hinder your prayers”. If that were true, then no Christians would have any answered prayers because we still fail God daily, in thoughts and deeds. We may not be able to live a completely sinless life, but thankfully our prayers are answered based on Jesus’ obedience at the cross. His shed blood is the only reason why we can always enjoy God’s favor.

Let no one deceive you that sin is causing God to ignore your prayers. If God is omniscient, then He already knew all the sins you would commit in your life, and He still chose to let Jesus bear the punishment for your sins at the cross.

What hinders us from receiving God’s promises today is only unbelief. When you have a bad opinion of God and see Him angry, demanding, and unapproachable, you will be unable to freely receive all that Jesus died for you to enjoy.

Paul taught that no one can be justified through the works of the Law. Not before salvation, and not after salvation. God is so gracious that He made us the righteousness of God in Christ when we believed in Jesus as Lord.

Abba God has the perfect, righteous reason to lavish His goodness upon you. Through your prayers of intercession, the people around you are also blessed.

Some well-meaning Christians want to live godly through keeping the Law as a moral guideline, but it only serves to stir up sin’s rebellion in our flesh. They will experience short-lived victories ,only to fall back into sinful patterns when the willpower runs out.

When you place your faith in God after receiving His Word, you will be progressively transformed to live a righteous life. The goal of godly living is the same, but the only way to get there is by beholding Jesus and trusting in Him.

Live by the new and better covenant that is built upon better promises, and you will reign in life through the one Lord Jesus Christ!

The four gospels written by Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, are full of precious revelations of God’s truths and promises. When you get this four eBook bundle, you will learn the meaning of every one of Jesus’ miracles, parables, words, and deeds. Let this resource replace wrong legalistic beliefs, and position you to receive the abundance of God’s Grace through unhindered faith!

A customer, Linda B, said this about the eBook bundle: “Well worth the money. Wish I had done it sooner. Wonderful study.”

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Live by the “Present Truth”

“Therefore I will not be negligent to remind you of these things, though you know them, and are established in the present truth...For we did not follow cunningly devised fables, when we made known to you the power and coming of our Lord Jesus Christ, but we were eyewitnesses of his majesty. For he received from God the Father honor and glory, when the voice came to him from the Majestic Glory, “This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased.” We heard this voice come out of heaven when we were with him on the holy mountain.” (2 Peter‬ ‭1:12, 16-18‬ ‭WEB‬‬)

The apostle Peter wrote to the church, saying that they were “established in the present truth”.

The existence of a present truth necessitates that there was a former truth.

I believe that he was referring to the change in covenants, from the Old Covenant of the Law (former truth) to the New Covenant of Grace (present truth).

He was probably addressing those who disbelieved that the Law has been replaced by Grace, and who wanted to continue keeping the Ten Commandments.

The New Covenant of Grace is all about God’s Son, our Lord Jesus Christ.

Peter then recounted an incident that happened to him many years ago, when he saw Jesus transfigured on the mountain.

“After six days, Jesus took with him Peter, James, and John his brother, and brought them up into a high mountain by themselves. He was transfigured before them. His face shone like the sun, and his garments became as white as the light. Behold, Moses and Elijah appeared to them talking with him. Peter answered, and said to Jesus, “Lord, it is good for us to be here. If you want, let’s make three tents here: one for you, one for Moses, and one for Elijah.” While he was still speaking, behold, a bright cloud overshadowed them. Behold, a voice came out of the cloud, saying, “This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased. Listen to him.” When the disciples heard it, they fell on their faces, and were very afraid. Jesus came and touched them and said, “Get up, and don’t be afraid.” Lifting up their eyes, they saw no one, except Jesus alone. As they were coming down from the mountain, Jesus commanded them, saying, “Don’t tell anyone what you saw, until the Son of Man has risen from the dead.”” (Matthew‬ ‭17:1-9‬ ‭WEB‬‬)

The transfiguration was firmly etched in Peter’s mind. He saw Jesus’ majesty—the glory He had before His incarnation.

But right after seeing that, he was starstruck when he saw Moses and Elijah who appeared and spoke with Jesus.

Moses is the mediator of the Old Covenant of the Law, while Elijah is one of the most highly esteemed Old Testament prophets.

He stumbled over these two great men of God, and put Jesus on the same level as them by asking if he should pitch three tents for them to stay in.

God the Father was displeased by this, and He overshadowed Jesus, Moses and Elijah with a bright cloud, and told Peter, James, and John to listen to Jesus only.

Moses and Elijah disappeared, and the apostles only saw Jesus alone.

This is the way God the Father intended—for His Son to receive all the glory, honor, and majesty.

Under the New Covenant of Grace, the “present truth” is that we listen to Jesus alone.

It is not about keeping the Ten Commandments or observing the ominous warnings of the prophets anymore. Don’t be deceived by “cunningly devised fables” invented by the minds of men who seek to use the Law to enforce behavior modification on ignorant believers.

The entire Bible is about Jesus and the revelation of His story.

“Beginning from Moses and from all the prophets, he explained to them in all the Scriptures the things concerning himself.” (Luke‬ ‭24:27‬ ‭WEB‬‬)

Notice how Jesus expounded the Scriptures to Cleopas and the other disciples on the road to Emmaus, by explaining to them the things concerning Himself. Moses refers to the first five books of the Old Testament which were written by Moses, and the prophets are represented by Elijah.

Both Moses and Elijah are pointing to Jesus Christ who would be born as a Man to redeem mankind from their sins by dying on the cross, and eventually, Jesus will return to reign on David’s throne as the eternal King of Israel!

Did you ever wonder why Jesus only brought Peter, James and John to the mountain? I believe they were chosen because of their names.

Peter means “stone”, representing the Law which was engraved on stone tablets. James means “to supplant” (to be replaced). John means “grace of God”.

Putting their names together, we derive this meaning: the Law has been replaced by Grace.

The Law is the former truth, while Grace is the present truth which we are to be established in. We need to be constantly reminded of this truth so that we can keep our eyes on Jesus. Like Abba God said from the bright cloud, “Listen to Him.”

“For the law was given through Moses. Grace and truth were realized through Jesus Christ.” (John‬ ‭1:17‬ ‭WEB‬‬)

No matter what challenges you are facing today, choose to keep your eyes on Jesus, and let His Spirit lead you. Jesus is the full realization of grace and truth. He is God’s righteousness. We must stop mixing the covenants and live by Grace alone!

——

When you understand the four gospels through the lens of the New Covenant of Grace, you will be empowered to bring forth fresh revelations about God and Jesus from the Old Testament, in light of the New Testament.
When you get this four eBook bundle, you will learn the meaning of every one of Jesus’ miracles, parables and incidents.
Let this resource replace wrong legalistic beliefs, and position you to receive the abundance of God’s Grace through unhindered faith!

A customer, Linda B, said this about the eBook bundle: “Well worth the money. Wish I had done it sooner. Wonderful study.”

Download “Understand the Four Gospels Through the Lens of Grace” now ===> https://www.miltongoh.net/store/p18/understand-the-four-gospels-through-the-lens-of-grace.html

📜 [專欄新文章] 可升級合約介紹 - 鑽石合約（EIP-2535 Diamond standard）
✍️ Kimi Wu
📥 歡迎投稿： https://medium.com/taipei-ethereum-meetup #徵技術分享文 #使用心得 #教學文 #medium

Photo by Evie S. on Unsplash

前言

可升級合約簡單來說是透過 proxy contract（代理合約）來達成，藉由代理合約去呼叫欲執行的合約，若要升級，則把代理合約中的指向的地址換為新的合約地址即可。而執行的方式則是透過 delegateCall，但 delegateCall 不會更動目標合約的狀態。所以要怎麼處理變數，就是一門學問了。

舉例來說，contract B 有個變數 uint256 x，初始值為 0， 而 function setX(uint256)，可以改變 x 的值。proxy contract A 使用 delegatecall 呼叫 contract B 的 setX(10)，交易結束後，contract B中的 x 依然還是 0。

OpenZeppelin 提出了三種實作方式，可以做到可升級合約，細節可參考 Proxy Patterns，而最終的實作選用了 Unstructured Storage的這個方式，這種方式對於開發較友善，開發時不需特別處理 state variables（不過升級時就需要特別注意了）。而這篇主要是介紹 Diamond standard，OpenZeppelin 的可升級合約就不多做介紹。

USDC V2 : Upgrading a multi-billion dollar ERC-20 token 詳細地介紹代理合約跟變數儲存之間的關係，不了解升級合約的原理，建議先看看。

鑽石合約

名詞介紹

diamond：合約本體，是一個代理合約，無商業邏輯

facet：延伸的合約（實際商業邏輯實作的合約）

loupe：也是一個 facet，負責查詢的功能。可查詢此 diamond所提供的 facet與facet所提供的函式

diamondCut：一組函式，用來管理（增加/取代/減少）此 diamond合約所支援的功能

Loupe

直接來看 loupe的介面，從宣告就能很清楚暸解 diamond合約的實作方式，loupe宣告了一個結構 Facet，Facet結構包含一個地址及 function selector 陣列，所以我們只需要記錄一個 Facet陣列就可以得知這個 diamond 合約有多少個延伸合約及所支援的功能（loupe只定義結構，而實際變數是存在diamon合約中的）。也就是 diamond合約中只記錄延伸合約的地址及其支援的 function selectors，及少數 diamond合約的管理邏輯，並無商業邏輯，因此可以外掛非常非常多的合約上去（就像一個Hub），也就可以突破一個合約只有２４Ｋ的限制。

// A loupe is a small magnifying glass used to look at diamonds.interface IDiamondLoupe { struct Facet { address facetAddress; bytes4[] functionSelectors; } function facets() external view returns (Facet[] memory facets_); function facetFunctionSelectors(address _facet) external view returns (bytes4[] memory facetFunctionSelectors_); function facetAddresses() external view returns (address[] memory facetAddresses_); function facetAddress(bytes4 _functionSelector) external view returns (address facetAddress_);}

DiamondCut

至於 facet在 diamond合約上的註冊或是修改，就由 diamondCut負責，從以下程式碼可以清楚瞭解其功能（EIP中有規範，每次改變都需要發送DiamondCut事件）

interface IDiamondCut { enum FacetCutAction {Add, Replace, Remove} // Add=0, Replace=1, Remove=2 struct FacetCut { address facetAddress; FacetCutAction action; bytes4[] functionSelectors; } function diamondCut( FacetCut[] calldata _diamondCut, address _init, bytes calldata _calldata ) external; event DiamondCut(FacetCut[] _diamondCut, address _init, bytes _calldata);}

Diamond合約

接下來就是最核心的部分 — diamond本體合約。以下是官方的範例，方法上跟 OpenZeppelin 一樣使用 fallback 函式跟 delegateCall 。

呼叫合約所不支援的函式，就會去執行 fallback 函式，fallback 函式中再透過 delegateCall 呼叫 facet 合約相對應的函式

fallback() external payable { address facet = selectorTofacet[msg.sig]; require(facet != address(0)); // Execute external function from facet using delegatecall and return any value. assembly { calldatacopy(0, 0, calldatasize()) let result := delegatecall(gas(), facet, 0, calldatasize(), 0, 0) returndatacopy(0, 0, returndatasize()) switch result case 0 {revert(0, returndatasize())} default {return (0, returndatasize())} }}

主要的差異在於變數的處理，OpenZepplin 是針對單一合約設計的代理合約（也就是每個合約都有自己的代理合約），所以無法處理單一代理合約儲存多個合約的變數（state variables）的狀況（後有圖例）。先由官方的範例程式來了解是怎麼處理變數的

在官方的範例中，都是以更改合約 owner 為例子

首先看到 DimaondStorage這個結構，結構中的前面三個變數都是在維持 diamond合約的運作（同上面loupe的範例），最後一個變數 contractOwner就是我們商業邏輯中所需的變數。
接著看到 function diamondStorage()，取變數的方式就跟OpenZeppelin 儲存特定變數方式一樣（EIP-1967），是把變數存到一個遠方不會跟其他變數碰撞到的位置，在這裡就是從 DIMOND_STORAGE_POSITION 這個 storage slot 讀取。
在實作上就可以有 LibDiamond1 ，宣告DIMOND_STORAGE_POSITION1=keccak256("diamond.standard.diamond.storage1") ，負責處理另一組的變數。藉由這種方式讓每個 facet合約有屬於自己合約的變數， facet合約間就不會互相影響。而最下方的 setContractOwner 是實際使用的範例。

library LibDiamond {

bytes32 constant DIAMOND_STORAGE_POSITION = keccak256("diamond.standard.diamond.storage");

struct FacetAddressAndSelectorPosition { address facetAddress; uint16 selectorPosition; }

struct DiamondStorage { mapping(bytes4 => FacetAddressAndSelectorPosition) facetAddressAndSelectorPosition; bytes4[] selectors; mapping(bytes4 => bool) supportedInterfaces; // owner of the contract address contractOwner; }

function diamondStorage() internal pure returns (DiamondStorage storage ds) { bytes32 position = DIAMOND_STORAGE_POSITION; assembly { ds.slot := position } }

function setContractOwner(address _newOwner) internal { DiamondStorage storage ds = diamondStorage(); address previousOwner = ds.contractOwner; ds.contractOwner = _newOwner; emit OwnershipTransferred(previousOwner, _newOwner); }

每個 library 處理了一組或多組變數的存取， facet 合約透過 library 對變數做操作。也就是把變數存在diamond主體合約，延伸的 facet合約只處理邏輯，是透過 library 去操作變數。

下面圖中清楚地解釋了 facet合約，function selectors 與變數之間的關係，從最左上這邊有個 facets 的 map，紀錄了哪個 selector 在哪個合約中，例如func1, func2是 FacetA的函式。左下角宣告了變數，每組變數的存取如同上述 library 的方式處理。

https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2535#diagrams

在 diamond的設計中，每個 facet合約都是獨立的，因此可以重複使用（跟library 的概念一樣）

https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2535#diagrams

小結

diamond合約使用不同的設計來達成合約的可升級性，藉由這種Hub方式可隨時擴充/移除功能，讓合約不再受限於24KB的限制，此外充分的模組化，讓每次升級的範圍可以很小。最後，因為跟library一樣只處理邏輯，並無狀態儲存，所以可以重複被不同的diamond合約所使用。

雖然又不少好處，也是有些缺點。首先，術語名詞太多，facet, diamondCut, loupe等等（其實還有好幾個，不過沒有介紹到那些部分，所以沒有寫出來）。開發上不直覺，把變數跟邏輯拆開，若要再加上合約之間的繼承關係，容易搞混，不易維護。最後，gas的花費，在函式的讀取、呼叫，變數的存取、傳遞都會有不少的額外支出。Trail of Bits 專欄中有點出更多的缺陷 Good idea, bad design: How the Diamond standard falls short，不過作者也有反擊 Addressing Josselin Feist’s Concern’s of EIP-2535 Diamond Standard，有興趣的讀者可以自行看看、比較。

為了模組化及彈性，diamond合約在設計上有點太複雜（over engineering），會造成可讀性越差（這點也是Vyper誕生的原因之一），而可讀性越差就越容易產生bug、也越不容易抓到bug，而在defi專案中，一個小小的bug通常代表著大筆金額的損失 😱😱😱。

雖然如此，筆者還是覺得很酷，有些設計的思維仍然可以使用在自己的專案

ref:
EIP 2535
Diamond 實作
Addressing Josselin Feist’s Concern’s of EIP-2535 Diamond Standard
OpenZeppelin upgradeable contract

可升級合約介紹 - 鑽石合約（EIP-2535 Diamond standard） was originally published in Taipei Ethereum Meetup on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.

👏 歡迎轉載分享鼓掌

How useful is the regular railway, or the TRA as it is known, now that the much more modern High Speed Rail is here? Will the HSR replace the TRA? Has ridership increased or decreased since the HSR opened? Watch as me and Lukas Engstrom travel by TRA from Taichung to Taipei!

#TRA #TAIWAN #火車

Check out some other videos:
Taiwan vs China
https://youtu.be/L1FDjHDIXtI

BISCUIT dunking with JESUS!!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SeJgp6KvmvY

I EAT 3 kinds of PIG's BLOOD cake!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mjWRxvltJdw&t=5s

BEST SUSHI in TAIWAN
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AfutAW6k7DE&t=171s

Best AMERICAN Breakfast in TAIWAN???
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6TpH1Cu_-10&t=334s

Shooting Location:
Taichung City

Send me something interesting!
196 Hankou Road, Section 4, Taichung City, TAIWAN 404

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This tiny recorder will automatically sync to your camera. Real world audio samples. Get Instamic: http://instamic.io?aff=9 Get Tentacle Sync: https://amzn.to/2DDipgO Deep thoughts below:

First of all, this is NOT a sponsored video (but I'm an affiliate, like all my other videos). I'm just supporting a Kickstarter product I've found really useful. I use Instamic instead of "real" wireless mics because I don't want extra stuff like receivers hanging off my camera, especially when I'm shooting on a gimbal. With normal wireless mic systems, each transmitter needs its own receiver. Want to use 3 mics? Gotta hook up 3 receivers. Which means getting a recorder like Tascam or Zoom. Now you have 3 TX, 3 RX, and a recorder, all with their own batteries to charge every night. And lots of cables. That's big, heavy, and cumbersome.

With Instamic, that same setup can be replicated with 3 thumb-sized mics, one lighter-sized timecode generator, and a phone.

Sometimes I use iPhones + lav mics instead (and Tentacle Sync has a great recorder app for that). This works well too..unless your talent doesn't have pockets. Also, each lav mic needs its own iPhone. It's slightly bulkier. And you need to hide the mic cables. But on the plus side, I feel more confident in my audio because I can look down and see the app recording.

Instamic isn't perfect. It heats up a lot after extended use. It's hard to know if you've properly pressed the button to start recording. The app sometimes has weird lags when triggering record, and I've had some instances where I thought I was recording but actually the mic wasn't running. I don't know why; some Bluetooth communication issue.

But overall, the fact is there's no other thumb-sized audio recorder with split-level WAV recording (or Stereo or Mid-Side) and timecode. And no other voice recorders have an app where you can remotely connect them, monitor them, and trigger simultaneous recording. Oh, and Instamic Pro is waterproof.

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(Eng sub & Tiếng Việt). A simple yet elegant and yummy mousse. You can use store-bought, frozen or fresh blueberries for this recipe. You can also replace blueberry puree with another fruit puree to make other types of mousse.

INGREDIENTS (4 cups, 200 ml each)

A. Almond sponge cake (square pan 16cm x 16cm)

2 eggs - medium sized
20 grams all purpose flour (1.5 tbsp)
10 grams corn starch (1 tbsp)
10 grams (1 tbsp) almond powder (can be substituted by 10 grams corn starch if you don't want to use almond powder)
13 grams oil (1 tbsp)
7 grams (1/2 tbsp) milk
40 grams (3 tbsp) sugar
¼ tsp vanilla extract
¼ tsp cream of tartar
a pinch salt

B. Mousse

112 grams (1/2 cup) blueberry puree (see note below)
10 grams sugar (2 tsp)
6 grams/ 3 sheets gelatin
100 grams yogurt
150 ml (2/3 cup) whipping cream

C. Blueberry jello

4 grams/ 2 sheets gelatin
30 grams (2 tbsps) blueberry purree
60 grams (4 tbsp) water

* Note:
We use store-bought blueberry puree/ jam. If you don't have it at hand, you can mix 300 grams blueberry (fresh or frozen) with 140 grams sugar and 1 tbsp lemon juice. Leave at room temperature for about 1 hour for sugar to melt. Cook on low heat until the mixture/ syrup slightly thicken. You can adjust the amount of sugar to your taste.
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Mời các bạn xem danh mục nguyên liệu và các lưu ý khi làm ở blog nhé: http://www.savourydays.com/video-cach-lam-mousse-viet-quat/
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