[RESEARCH SERIES] Cấu trúc và một số lưu ý khi viết phần Phương pháp nghiên cứu (Research methods)
Khi đọc phần phương pháp nghiên cứu, biên tập viên và người bình duyệt sẽ cơ bản thấy được khả năng nghiên cứu, sự chuyên nghiệp trong nghiên cứu của tác giả. Thông tin được viết trong phần này phải đủ chi tiết để người đọc đánh giá được sự phù hợp của phương pháp nghiên cứu, quy trình thu thập và xử lý dữ liệu bạn đã sử dụng. Bài viết chị chia sẻ hôm nay về kinh nghiệm của TS. Nguyễn Hữu Cương khi viết cấu trúc và một số lưu ý khi viết phần phương pháp nghiên cứu, mọi người đón đọc nhé!
Nếu như phần Tổng quan nghiên cứu (Literature review) được coi là phần khó viết nhất thì phần Phương pháp nghiên cứu được cho là phần dễ viết nhất (nhiều người thường viết phần Phương pháp nghiên cứu đầu tiên) đơn giản bởi vì ta chỉ mô tả lại những gì đã làm trong quá trình lựa chọn phương pháp nghiên cứu, thiết kế công cụ thu thập dữ liệu, thu thập dữ liệu và xử lý dữ liệu. Tuy nhiên, để có một phần Phương pháp nghiên cứu tốt, bạn cần lưu ý là thông tin bạn viết trong phần này phải đủ chi tiết để độc giả đánh giá được sự phù hợp của các phương pháp nghiên cứu bạn đã sử dụng, đánh giá được độ giá trị (validity) và độ tin cậy (reliability) của kết quả nghiên cứu (Belcher, 2019).
Thông thường những thông tin cần viết trong phần Phương pháp nghiên cứu bao gồm:
- Các phương pháp thu thập dữ liệu đã sử dụng (data collection methods): định lượng (quantitative), hay định tính (qualitative), hay hỗn hợp (mixed method).
- Các công cụ thu thập dữ liệu tương ứng với phương pháp thu thập dữ liệu: bảng hỏi (survey questionnaires), dữ liệu phân tích thống kê (statistical analysis) đối với phương pháp định lượng; phỏng vấn (interview), quan sát (observation), phân tích văn bản (document analysis), thảo luận nhóm (focus group)… đối với phương pháp định tính.
- Đối tượng tham gia cung cấp dữ liệu (participants) và chọn mẫu (sampling): mô tả quần thể nghiên cứu (target population), phương pháp chọn mẫu, tổng số mẫu thu được.
- Quá trình thu thập dữ liệu (data collection procedure).
- Phân tích dữ liệu (data analysis): dùng công cụ, phần mềm gì để phân tích dữ liệu, ví dụ SPSS đối với phân tích dữ liệu định lượng hay Nvivo đối với phân tích dữ liệu định tính.
- Những vấn đề cần lưu ý về đạo đức nghiên cứu (ethical considerations), đặc biệt đối với những nghiên cứu liên quan đến trẻ em, người bệnh, người tàn tật, người già (Azevedo et al., 2011; Belcher, 2019).
Một phần lưu ý nữa là bạn nên trình bày phần Phương pháp nghiên cứu theo từng đầu mục (sub-heading) một cách chi tiết để một người không trực tiếp tham gia vào nghiên cứu vẫn hiểu chính xác bạn đã làm gì và tại sao.
Lưu lý là phần Phương pháp nghiên cứu thường chiếm 1/8 (một phần tám) bài báo. Như vậy, với bài viết có độ dài 4000-8000 từ thì Phương pháp nghiên cứu có thể có độ dài tương ứng là 500-1000 từ.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Azevedo, L. F., Canário-Almeida, F., Fonseca, A. J., Costa-Pereira, A, Winck, J. C., & Hespanhol, V. (2011). How to write a scientific paper—writing the methods section. Rev Port Pneumol, 17(5), 232-238.
Belcher, W. L. (2019). Writing your article in 12 weeks: A guide to academic publishing success (2nd ed.). Chicago: Chicago University Press.
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同時也有1部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過5,140的網紅Ghost Island Media 鬼島之音,也在其Youtube影片中提到,PTT is one of the most open social media platforms in the Chinese language. Though it’s not more populous than Facebook, it’s arguably more impactful ...
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research paper interview 在 VOP Facebook 的精選貼文
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Voices of Photography 攝影之聲
Issue 18 : 攝影書作為方法
Photobook As Method
作為一份持續關注影像閱讀與攝影出版的刊物,《攝影之聲》繼2012年製作「台灣攝影書特輯」並在2014年展開「台灣攝影書出版對話」,我們試圖以兩年為跨度來記錄台灣的攝影/出版發展歷程。今年我們再度啟動出版專題,從「書」的路徑來檢索攝影樣態,期待透過不斷地討論和書寫,為未來留下一份當代攝影文化觀察報告。
為籌備本期專題,我們公開徵集去年度的台灣攝影出版品,收到了從出版社到創作者個人製作出版的各類型攝影書籍與手工書,展現著攝影的多樣面貌,將在本期選錄介紹;同時也邀請藝術學者/藝評人龔卓軍、張世倫與平面設計師聶永真,針對台灣攝影出版品的視覺、 創作、設計、歷史乃至出版市場的向度進行剖析與評述對話。此外,我們更連結新加坡、菲律賓、日本、中國和澳大利亞等新興攝影書收藏機構及出版者,分別提出攝影書的亞太-在地視點,作為區域性的攝影出版側寫考察。
本期另專訪台灣影像學者陳學聖,一探他投入多年 並於近日發表的攝影史研究——1911至1949 年的民國時期攝影——在這段風雨時代裡發掘攝影藝術的蔓生、攝影畫報的光輝歲月,以及民國攝影在台灣的餘響,並揭載其多本罕見的早期攝影書刊收藏。另外還有兩篇關於攝影書的評論,包括陳佳琦深度評寫攝影家阮義忠近期復返再現的八○年代影像,以及梁秋虹以《韓國攝影史》探討殖民與去殖民的攝影史觀。蕭永盛的「台灣攝影史」系列連載,則從乙未戰爭後日本近衛師團長北白川宮能久登陸台灣的寫真留影,探查日本早年欲以神道主義統治台灣的歷史線索。而在 Artist's Showcase單元,我們收錄木村伊兵衛攝影獎得主石川竜一的沖繩肖像系列,以及由他自述的沖繩人圖繪與仍在路上的攝影生涯。
除此之外,本期我們也要向另翼/獨立媒體前輩「綠色小組」致敬!綠色小組成立於1986年,在台灣解嚴前後時期,扛著攝影機前進各類社會運動前線,突破當時由政府官方與少數主流媒體掌控的言論與視線空間,為台灣重要的社會改革進程留下了珍貴的影像紀錄。在綠色小組成立30周年之際,除了五月的台灣國際紀錄片影展播映綠色小組當年拍攝的一系列影片,我們也在本期《SHOUT》製作了一部小型的紙上紀錄片;另外,並邀紀錄片影展策展人林木材執筆撰文,重探台灣充滿衝撞的綠色年代。
在本期專欄中,張世倫長篇評析由黃亞歷導演、講述日治時期文學團體「風車詩社」與台灣現代文學發展經 歷的紀錄電影——《日曜日式散步者》;顧錚則以瑞士日前舉行的「世界之像」(World Images)攝影展,質問當代攝影與現實的錯綜關係。
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As a magazine concerned with the interpretation of images and photography publications, VOP has featured special showcases like the “Taiwan Photobook Issue” in 2012 and “Dialogue On Taiwan Photobook Publishing” in 2014. This year we launch another showcase which explores books to see the development of photography, with the hope of leaving the future with a report on the photography culture of today through discussion and writing.
In preparation of this issue’s showcase, we called for submissions of photography publications in Taiwan last year, which saw a variety of photography books and handmade books from both publishers and individual authors submitted, featuring many facets of photography which would be selected for this issue. At the same time, we invited scholars-cum-critics like Jow-Jiun Gong and Shih-Lun Chang and designer Yung-Chen Nieh to engage in dialogue to critique and comment on aspects such as the visual effects, design, history right up to the publishing market’s direction of growth in Taiwan. Also, we specially put together a feature connecting new photography organizations and publishers from the Asia-Pacific region, such as those from Singapore, Philippines, Japan, China and Australia etc, highlighting the Asia-Pacific viewpoints as a prolific study of regional photography publishing.
This issue carries an interview with photography academic Hsueh-Sheng Chen, looking into a research area which he had spent years on and recently released findings on-- Republican Chinese photography from 1911 to 1949, talking about the development of photographic art in this tumultuous period, the glorious years of photography pictorials and the remaining influence of Republican Chinese photography in Taiwan, while sharing his prize collection of rare, early photography publications. Along with this are reviews of photography books, including Chia-Chi Chen’s in-depth critique of I-Jong Juan’s recent efforts to re-present images of the 1980s and Chiu-Hung Liang’s discussion on the perspectives of colonization and de-colonization in photography using A History of Korean Photography. Our feature Yong-Seng Hsiao’s History of Photography in Taiwan series focuses on post-Yi-Wei War Japanese Guards Division chief Kitashirakawanomiya Yoshihisa’s photographs taken after his landing in Taiwan, exploring the history of the tactics of Japanese colonial masters in using Shinto idealism to enhance their rulership of Taiwan. We present Kimura Ihei Memorial Photography Award winner Ryuichi Ishikawa’s series of Okinawan portraits in our Artist’s Showcase, along with his own story on Okinawans’ art and his photography journey.
In addition, we would like to show our special respect to our alternative/independent media veterans, Green Team! Established in 1986, Green Team recorded many social movements on the frontline in post-martial law Taiwan with a handheld video camera, breaking through the controls of speech and perspectives the government and a few mainstream media presented. They helped preserve precious footage of Taiwan’s important social revolutions. In commemoration of Green Team being established 30 years ago, besides screening a series of their past works at the Taiwan International Documentary Festival(TIDF) in May, we also made use of their shots in the making of a mini on-paper documentary in the current issue of SHOUT as well as had the curator of the Documentary Festival, Wood Lin author an article to re-examine Taiwan’s conflict-filled past.
In this issue’s columns, Shih-Lun Chang gives us a detailed critique of director Ya-Li Huang’s documentary which talks about Le Moulin, a literary organization centred around Surrealistic Literature in the period of Japanese rule, while Zheng Gu’s piece makes use of the “World Images” photography exhibition held recently in Switzerland to question inter-relations between modern photography and reality.
#攝影之聲 #vopmagazine
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Voices of Photography 攝影之聲
www.vopmagazine.com
research paper interview 在 Scholarship for Vietnamese students Facebook 的最佳貼文
[USA]_List of lots of scholarship in the US. Please help to share and tag your friend. You can google the name of the scholarship to get direct link!
Xin gửi đến các bạn một số học bổng cho chương trình Cử Nhân, Thạc sĩ, Tiến sĩ, Học giả tại Hoa Kỳ. Ngoài ra, tại các ÐH Mỹ (top 200) đều có học bổng cho chương trình Thạc sĩ & Tiến sĩ, các bạn tham khảo trên website của Department tìm hiểu về Fellowship, Research Assistantship, Teaching Assistantship.
National Universities Rankings: http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/…/national-un…
1. Southeast Asia Youth Leadership Program (SEAYLP)
http://vietnam.usembassy.gov/yseali.html
This intensive four-week exchange program in the United States aims at promoting high-quality leadership, civic responsibility, volunteerism, and respect for diversity. Each year, five Vietnamese high-school students and one teacher (who acts as chaperone) are selected for this program and are joined by similar groups from other Southeast Asian countries. It is designed to enable teenagers, ages 15-17, and teachers to travel to the United States for a program focused on building a sense of community, developing civil society and economic institutions, and recognizing the commonalities among Southeast Asians and Americans.
Timeline
July-August: Call for applications
September: Submission of applications to the Embassy; screening and interviews
October: Nomination of finalists to Washington
November: Selection results available from Washington; departure of selected candidates
Contact: Contact info: Tel: 84-4-3850-5000; Email: [email protected].
Source: http://vietnam.usembassy.gov/educational_exchange.html…
2. Undergraduate Intensive English Language Study Program (UIELSP)
This program enrolls undergraduate students in the East Asia and Pacific region who demonstrate the potential to become student leaders in an eight-week intensive English Language course at colleges and universities in the United States with a focus on English language acquisition, leadership skill building, and civic education and engagement. It also provides participants with an introduction to American institutions, society and culture.
Timeline
Oct-Nov: Call for applications
December: Deadline for submission of applications to the Embassy
Dec-Jan: Screening of applications; interviews of shortlisted candidates
February: Nomination of finalists to Washington
March: Selection and placement results available from Washington
June: Departure of selected candidates
Contact: Contact info: Tel: 84-4-3850-5000; Email: [email protected].
Source: http://vietnam.usembassy.gov/educational_exchange.html…
3. Global Undergraduate Exchange Program (Global UGRAD)
This program provides scholarships for one semester or one academic year of study at a U.S. university. The goal is to provide a diverse group of emerging student leaders, from non-elite and under-represented groups, with a substantive exchange experience at a U.S. college or university, with in-depth exposure to U.S. society, culture and academic institutions. Students are selected based on 1) academic record, 2) leadership skills and potential, 3) community involvement and extra-curricular activities, and 4) English proficiency (minimum TOEFL score of 525 (paper-based) or 70 (iBT).
Timeline
September: Call for applications
November: Deadline for submission of applications to the Embassy
Nov-Dec: Screening of applications; interviews of shortlisted candidates
December: Nomination of finalists to Washington
March: Selection results available from Washington
June: Placement information available
July: Departure of selected candidates (whole academic year program)
January: Departure of selected candidates (semester program)
Contact: Contact info: Tel: 84-4-3850-5000; Email: [email protected].
Source: http://vietnam.usembassy.gov/educational_exchange.html…
4. Fulbright Vietnamese Student Program
The Fulbright Vietnamese Student Program is a competitive, merit-based scholarship program which recruits and nominates young Vietnamese professionals for Master’s degree programs at U.S. universities. Approximately 20 to 25 fully-funded scholarships are granted on an annual basis for students in social sciences and humanities. Successful applicants will receive support in university placement and a full scholarship which covers tuition and fees, monthly stipend, round-trip airfare to the U.S. and health insurance. Selection is based on study objectives, work experience, understanding of the chosen field of study, impact potential, leadership, academic excellence and English proficiency.
Timeline
December: Grant announcement
April: Application deadline
June – July: Application review and semi-finalist selection
September: Interviews & finalist selection
October: Finalists take GRE/GMAT/TOEFL iBT
November: U.S. universities placement
April - May: Confirmation of final university placement
May: Pre-departure orientation
June – July: Medical check-up and visa application
July – August: Departure
Contact: Contact info: Tel: 84-4-3850-5000; Email: [email protected].
Source: http://vietnam.usembassy.gov/educational_exchange.html…
5. Vietnamese Fulbright Scholar Program
The Council for International Exchange of Scholars (CIES) assists in the administration of the Fulbright Scholar Exchange Program for faculty and professionals. Started in 1998, the Program recruits and nominates Vietnamese scholars for placement by CIES as lecturers and researchers in U.S. universities for terms of three to 10 months. From six to eight scholars from Vietnam travel to the United States on an annual basis.
Timeline
October: Deadline of application submission
November – December: Peer Review Panel
January: Interview the shortlisted candidates
End of January: Submission of semi-finalist candidates to Washington
February - March: Selection results available from Washington
April – July: Affiliation and Visa Process
August: Pre-departure Orientation for the departing grantee
Contact: Contact info: Tel: 84-4-3850-5000; Email: [email protected].
Source: http://vietnam.usembassy.gov/educational_exchange.html…
6. Hubert H. Humphrey Fellowship Program
This is a one year, non-degree, full scholarship program offered to promising mid-career professionals who have proven track records of leadership and a strong commitment to public service. Participants in the program spend one academic year at a leading U.S. university doing their self-designed program of academic course work, participating in professional affiliations off-campus, field trips, special workshops and seminars in their field of study.
Timeline
April: Call for applications
May: Information sessions held in Hanoi and HCMC
Early August: Deadline for submission of applications to the Embassy
Aug-Sep: Screening of applications; Institutional TOEFL for shortlisted candidates; interviews
October 1: Nomination of finalists to Washington
October: Finalists take official iBT
Feb-Mar: Selection results available from Washington
March/April: Departure for the U.S. (fellows needing Long Term English)
May: Placement results available
June-August: Departure for the U.S. (fellows not needing Long Term English)
Contact: Contact info: Tel: 84-4-3850-5000; Email: [email protected].
Source: http://vietnam.usembassy.gov/educational_exchange.html…
7. Ambassador’s Fund for Cultural Preservation – AFCP
Since its creation by the U.S. Congress in 2001, the U.S. Ambassadors Fund for Cultural Preservation has provided financial support to more than 640 cultural preservation projects in more than 100 countries. The AFCP shows the depth of the U.S. respect for the cultural heritage of other countries. Ten preservation projects in Vietnam, averaging $20,000 each, have been funded by the AFCP, ranging from intangible heritage such as the Then Music of the Tay minority to tangibles such as pagoda statues, museum collections and historical/architectural monuments. In 2010, a major project ($74,500) was granted to Hanoi Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism to preserve the 18th century O Quan Chuong Gate – the only one of the 16 gates that remains of ancient Hanoi, as a gift from the U.S. Ambassador to the people of Hanoi as the city celebrated its 1000th birthday.
Timeline for the 2011 AFCP program:
October: Calls for proposals from Vietnamese organizations
Nov: Proposal Screening
December: Submission of proposal to Washington
July: Selection results available from Washington
Contact: Contact info: Tel: 84-4-3850-5000; Email: [email protected].
Source: http://vietnam.usembassy.gov/educational_exchange.html…
8. Small Grants Program for civil society organizations
The Small Grants Program is designed to assist countries around the world to strengthen democracy, human rights, civil society, and rule of law, and to combat extremism in their countries by making grants of up to $20,000 to local non-governmental and not-for-profit organizations. Proposals must support program activities that promote democratic practices, including civil society, freedom of information and independent media, transparency in government, NGO capacity building, rule of law and judicial reform, civic education, conflict resolution, human rights, ethnic, minority and women's rights.
Timeline
March: Call for proposals from Vietnamese organizations
May: Submission of proposals by Vietnamese organizations
May-June: Proposal screening by Embassy Committee
June: Submission of shortlisted proposals to Washington
August: Selection results available from Washington
Contact: Contact info: Tel: 84-4-3850-5000; Email: [email protected].
Source: http://vietnam.usembassy.gov/educational_exchange.html…
9. VEF Fellowship Program for 2018 (?)
The Fellowship application and selection process is open, competitive, and transparent. Applicants do not need to pay any fees to anyone in order to apply or be considered for a VEF Fellowship. Winners are chosen based on individual merit, including academic performance and preparation, intellectual capabilities, English proficiency, and the potential for contribution to scientific education and research.
Contact: fellowship@vef.gov, information@vef.gov
Source: http://www.vef.gov/details.php?mid=6&cid=392
10. VEF Visiting Scholar Program 2017 - 2018 (?)
VEF Visiting Scholar Program (VSP) for Vietnamese nationals, who already hold a doctorate in any of the fields supported by VEF, namely, in the major disciplines of sciences (natural, physical, and environmental), mathematics, medicine (such as, public health), and technology (including information technology). Fields include the basic sciences, such as, biology, chemistry, and physics, as well as agricultural science, computer science, and engineering. Priority this year will be given to applicants, whose field of study focuses on climate change (environmental sciences) or on nuclear energy, provided that all other qualifications are equal.
Contact: vs@vef.gov, information@vef.gov
Source: http://www.vef.gov/details.php?mid=7&cid=393
research paper interview 在 Ghost Island Media 鬼島之音 Youtube 的最佳貼文
PTT is one of the most open social media platforms in the Chinese language. Though it’s not more populous than Facebook, it’s arguably more impactful than Facebook here in Taiwan. It’s a reflection of Taiwan's spirited democracy, and it’s used heavily as a source for local journalists.
We speak with two INDSR researchers on a year-long project, “A Pilot Study on PTT in the Context of Influence Operations” (批踢踢影響力作戰前導研究)which attempts to identify CCP state actors on the platfor. The researchers are Oddis J.F. Tsai (Policy Analyst at the Division of Defense Strategy and Resources) and Dr. Jui-Ming Hung (Assistant Research Fellow at the Division of Defense Strategy and Resources).
The paper lays out mechanics and - through quantitative analysis - identifies types of suspect behavior on the world’s largest non-commercial, forum-based, open-source online bulletin board system in the Chinese language. This interview was recorded in January 2021 after the paper was published by INDSR.
Today’s host is J.R. Wu - a non-resident advisor at INDSR (Institute for National Defense and Security Research) in Taiwan. Wu is a former journalist with nearly two decades of media experience in the US and Asia. She has led news bureaus for Reuters and Dow Jones.
Support us on Patreon: http://patreon.com/taiwan
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EPISODE CREDIT
JR Wu (Host)
Emily Y. Wu (Producer, Editing): https://twitter.com/emilyywu
Alice Yeh (Researcher)
Music: MB01I2MT5YPZMMW
A Ghost Island Media production
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