關於 security document world ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

我收藏了蔡依橙、Emmy推薦的《#世界大局地圖全解讀》系列第3集 MAPPING THE WORLD Vol.3

這系列的書是彩色印製、圖表分析，特別大本，拿起來沈甸甸翻開來閃亮亮值得收藏，分析全球國際議題，由法國「國際風險分析與預測中心」創辦人Alexis Bautzmann以及 法國地緣政治研究學者Guillaume Fourmont 撰文編著國際關係與戰略的分析。

非常推薦對國際關係很有興趣的人收藏這本！這本很豐富，分歐洲篇、中東篇、非洲篇、亞洲篇、美洲篇、環境議題篇、國際議題篇。

這本還很特別的有獨家專題「#印太戰略小北約」，是 #蔡榮峰 撰文的，他是國防安全研究政策分析員，也是在 #菜市場政治學 有專欄的作者～

我就不多爆雷啦！等等只談與台海戰略安全有關的～

#我是法理建國派的皮筋兒
身為法理建國的支持者，來分享一下我知道的國際法與國際政治的關係好了(˶‾᷄ ⁻̫ ‾᷅˵)

大多數人不知道國際法其實是國際政治的天花板，但我們必須意識到國際法的規則怎麼形成，還有框架之下的運作模式是什麼，才有辦法運用國際法來保障自身的權益。

臺澎國際法法理建國連線創辦人黃聖峰 有在 台澎小堅果 直播聊到：

👉🏻國際法的形成與運作 https://wp.me/pd1HGm-4Z

👉🏻主權的概念形成與發展 https://wp.me/pd1HGm-5k

因為「主權平等原則」，國際間沒有世界政府，即便某些大國看起來像是國際警察，但仍舊必須遵守國際法，大國之間的恐怖平衡、檯面上下的國際政治、經濟等等角力，也讓小國們從國際關係中找到與之相近理念的國家互相結盟。

♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡

收到宅配我回家以後立刻翻到p.191 看到 #四方安全對話（QUAD)第一屆峰會，是由美國、日本、印度、澳洲，於2021.3.12以視訊進行的對話，來探討如何面對中國帶來的挑戰，以聯繫印太地區穩定。

⚠️先來個 #國際法小知識 回顧：

#中國主權國家中的兩個政權🇹🇼🇨🇳
腦力激盪之前，請大家先看這個🔗 https://youtu.be/lss2OdMhi90

1912.2.12建立，可被承認是中國合法代表政府的中華民國政權，為它想代表的主權國家「中國」取的國號叫「中華民國🇹🇼」；1949.10.1建立，可被承認是中國合法代表政府的PRC政權，為它想代表的主權國家「中國」取的國號叫「中華人民共和國🇨🇳」。

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以下來看看四方安全對話的國家對中國主權國家（PCR政權/ROC政權）以及台灣✨的看法：

#美國 🇺🇸承認PRC政權為中國主權國家合法代表政府是在1979.1.1，美國駐華大使館就搬到北京；中華民國政權在此刻以後不被美國承認，僅被看作是治理台灣✨的政權而已。

🇺🇸美國的立場 《#台灣關係法》歷史脈絡 https://www.facebook.com/100047156705396/posts/281658133416075/

🇺🇸美國的立場一直都是台澎領土主權歸屬未定 https://www.facebook.com/100047156705396/posts/297467095168512/

🇺🇸美國立場聲明1955.02.16關於中華民國治理台澎行為的性質，國務卿 John Foster Dulles 表示：
在 1945 年，中華民國被委託治理（福爾摩莎與澎湖群島）
“[i]n 1945, [t]he Republic of China was entrusted with authority over (Formosa and the Pescadores), ”
Our Foreign Policies in Asia, DEP'T ST. BULL., Feb. 1955 at 329
涵義：中華民國是受委託治理台澎。

🇺🇸2014.09.22 ZIVOTOFSKY V. KERRY 一案實體答辯，國務院代理法律顧問 MARY E. MCLEOD 表示：
美國承認中華人民共和國（政府）是中國唯一的合法政府，但對於中國的「只有一個中國，且台灣是中國的一部份」的立場只有認知。因為美國對後面這個議題並無採取立場，因此本部門認為列名為「台灣」或「中國」所傳達的訊息與總統的承認政策一致－－各該選項涉及的是地理描述，並非主張台灣是身為主權國家的中國的一部份。
“The United States recognizes the People’s Republic of China as the sole legal government of China, but it merely acknowledges the Chinese position that there is only one China and that Taiwan is part of China. J.A. 154. Because the United States does not take a position on the latter issue, the Department concluded that listing either “Taiwan” or “China” would convey a message consistent with the President’s recognition policy—either option involves a geographic description, not an assertion that Taiwan is or is not part of sovereign China. ”
http://www.justice.gov/osg/brief/zivotofsky-v-kerry-brief-merits
涵義：美國僅「認知」但未承認中華人民共和國「台灣是中國的一部分」的立場。
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#日本 🇯🇵 承認PRC政權為中國主權國家合法代表政府是在1972.9.29，此時與中華民國政權代表的中國簽訂的《#中日和約》在法律上就是實質停止了。

🇯🇵日本的立場 1972.09.29日本對台澎主權的立場及對中國主張台灣為其領土一部分的立場，日本政府 表示：
日本政府完全瞭解並尊重中華人民共和國所持「台灣為其領土一部分」的立場，且「日本政府」維持本身在波茲坦宣言下的立場。
“it fully understands and respects the P.R.C. government's stand that [Taiwan is a part of its territory] and that [the Japan government] maintains its stand under the Potsdam Proclamation.”
Joint Communiqu6 of the Government of Japan and the Government of the
涵義：日本不承認中國「台灣為其領土一部分」的主張

🇯🇵日本的立場在第46回国会衆議院予算委員会第17号昭和39年2月29日，1964.02.29
日本政府對台澎主權歸屬的立場，內閣總理 池田勇人 表示：中華民國不具有台澎主權，僅具有過渡性質的施政權。台澎主權歸屬應由簽署 #舊金山和約 的同盟國決定。

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#印度🇮🇳 承認PRC政權為中國主權國家合法代表政府是在1950.4.1，是在《舊金山和約》生效 之前耶！難怪印度會在《舊金山和約》簽署前表態，這時候印度認為的中國主權國家是由PRC政權為合法國家政府代表了喔！

🇮🇳1951.08.23印度對舊金山和約中未明定將台灣主權歸還中國表示抗議，印度政府 表示：
印度政府認為在條約中規定福爾摩莎島應歸還中國是最重要的。其歸還的時間與方式可以另行協商。但在企圖對日本和所有交戰政府間的關係進行規範的文件中無視過去的國際協議，讓該島嶼的未來處於未定狀態，在印度政府眼中，既不恰當也非權宜之計。
“[T]he Government of India attach[es] the greatest importance to the Treaty providing that the Island of Formosa should be returned to China. The time and manner of such return might be the subject of separate negotiations but to leave the future of the Island undetermined, in spite of past international agreements, in a document which attempts to regulate the relations ofJapan with all Governments that were engaged in the last war against her does not appear to the Government of India to be either just or expedient.”
India Refuses To Be Party to Treaty, Memorandum of India
涵義：印度政府認為舊金山和約未將台澎主權移轉給中國。
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#澳洲🇦🇺 承認PRC政權為中國主權國家合法代表政府是在1972年。

🇦🇺澳洲去殖民化建國可看這篇 https://wp.me/pd1HGm-aY

🇦🇺澳洲在1941年與中華民國建立公使級外交關係，1949年中華民國政權流亡到台灣後亦未中斷，並於1966年升格為大使級外交關係。1972年澳洲工黨上台之後，澳洲宣布與承認中華人民共和國政權為中國主權國家政府，澳洲沒有與中國斷交，只是換承認其國家政府代表而已。

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看完上述四方國家🇺🇸🇯🇵🇮🇳🇦🇺對中國、台灣的看法，就可以瞭解各國很明確知道：
1. 台灣不是中國
2. 不是中華人民共和國政權代表的中國的
3. 台灣也不等於中華民國政權
4. 台澎領土主權歸屬未定

美國與日本簽署的《#美日安保條約》遠東地區還涵蓋台澎，不要忽略了《美日安保條約》的威力，也不要忘了美國在西太平洋的軍事力量有很大一部份就在離台灣沒多遠的沖繩縣：嘉手納空軍基地。離台灣最近美軍海軍軍港在日本沖繩縣：白灘海軍基地，這也是美國海軍第三遠征軍司令部所在地。而美國第七艦隊總司令部在哪？在日本神奈川縣橫須賀市，橫須賀美國艦隊基地。

//即使美國不出兵，只要戰火波及日本國土，使日本的國家安全受到威脅，出現「周邊有事」的情況，讓日本被迫出兵自衛，美國也一樣會被捲入戰事之中。而為了因應這樣的可能性，日本一連串與安保條約有關的和平安全法制裡，就包括了「重要影響事態法」。// - https://www.upmedia.mg/news_info.php?SerialNo=60128

2017年美國聯邦政府發表《#國家安全戰略》（National Security Strategy)報告，正式點名中國為戰略競爭對手，美中競爭關係檯面化，讓不少人用「#新冷戰」一詞來形容當前國際局勢。

#直面中國東部戰區威脅的台灣

我看到p.195 放了一張「台灣防空識別區」，那個框整個框到中國沿岸，我查了一下其實這是「中華民國防空識別區」才對，ROC防空識別區會這樣畫，是為了把金馬（中國領土）包進去。

雖然是可以自己畫，而這個防空識別區（ADIZ)設置全球有約20個地域設置，這概念尚無國際法效力，但在國際政治上卻有重要的生存空間意涵，因為在實際應用上會牽涉到對空武器及戰機的使用，所以劃設防空識別區是具有高度政治及軍事意涵的動作。

可以看一下日本跟韓國之間的防空識別區：
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/JADIZ_and_CADIZ_and_KADIZ_in_East_China_Sea.jpg

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#從美中對峙、美蘇冷戰、看美軍的太平洋佈局

p.196這頁中有一段話：「1947至1991年冷戰時代......美國與日本、大韓民國、『台灣』、菲律賓、泰國、澳洲、紐西蘭、巴基斯坦、阿拉伯半島諸國分別以條約結盟，形成海洋包圍陸地的圍堵態勢。」

其中的「台灣」其實應該是指「中華民國政權代表的中國國家」與美國簽訂的《#中美共同防禦條約》喔！

來回顧一下美國🇺🇸當時的表態：

👉🏻1955.02.10關於中美共同防禦條約是否影響台澎主權之歸屬，參議院外交關係委員會主席 Walter F. George 表示：
參議院批准本條約並不會強化或弱化蔣政府對於國際地位尚未決定之福爾摩莎的主權主張。
“Senate approval of the Treaty would neither strengthen nor weaken the Chiang Governmen's [sic] claim to sovereignty over Formosa, the international status of which is yet to be decided.”
Senate Approves Formosa Treaty, N.Y. TIMEs, Feb. 10, 1955
涵義：中美共同防禦條約不影響「台澎主權未定」的法理狀態。

👉🏻1955.02.07關於中華民國治理台澎行為的性質，國務卿 John Foster Dulles 表示：
蔣【介石】將軍僅被要求為同盟國及相關國家管理它們（福爾摩莎及澎湖群島），等待關於其所有權的最終決定。
“General Chiang [Kai-shek] was merely asked to administer them (Formosa and the Pescadores) for the Allied and associated powers pending a final decision as to their ownership.'”
New Formosa Bid, N.Y. Times, Feb. 7, 1955, at Al
涵義：蔣介石（中華民國）是依同盟國的要求管理台澎。

✨各國立場資料整理網站在這🔗 http://www.rotpnetwork.tw/reference.php?LAN=TW
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🥲雖然我知道蠻多人分不清楚「台灣與中華民國」之間的關係，我還是衷心希望，大家可以在看待國際形勢時，能將台澎法理地位當作基礎認知♡

最後，「島鏈的形成與戰略幾何學」在 p.197彩色圖好漂亮！大推推～

#台澎領土主權歸屬未定
#終止代管自決建國
#宅力就是防疫力也是學習力

[翻轉視界] Pandemic Bullies?

Bullies __________ empathy and have four personality traits—called the Dark Tetrad—that often occur together.

霸凌者缺乏同情心和具有四種人格特質，即「黑暗四聯征」 (Dark Tetrad)，這些特質經常同時出現。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

文章來自《華爾街日報》:

People tried to push each other around before the pandemic. But lately it seems as if the bullies are taking over. Constant fear and anxiety fuel anger. The move of many of our interactions online means we are having less face-to-face communication; psychologists have long known that this decreases empathy, while anonymity—or the illusion of it—makes it easier to misbehave. And in a time of deep polarization, the tone of public discourse has grown more antagonistic.

1. bully (n.) 霸凌者
2. take over 接管，佔領
3. constant fear 持續的恐懼
4. fuel anger 激起憤怒；fuel (v.) 加劇，激起
5. psychologist 心理學家
6. face-to-face communication面對面的溝通
7. decrease empathy 降低同理心
8. anonymity (n.) 匿名
9. the illusion of …的假象
10. a time of deep polarization 兩極分化的時局
11. public discourse公眾的表述
12. antagonistic 敵對的

在疫情大流行之前人們相互鞭策前進，但近來霸凌行為似乎正接管局面。 無盡的恐懼與焦慮激起了憤怒。 許多互動轉移至線上，這意味著我們面對面的交流減少了； 心理學家對此早有所見，這樣的轉變會減少同理心，而匿名（或匿名的假象）使人們更易犯錯。 在這兩極分化的時局，公眾的表述越來越具有敵對性。

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A bully is someone who tries to intimidate another person, often repeatedly, whom he or she sees as weak or vulnerable. According to psychologists, bullies have four personality traits—called the Dark Tetrad—that often occur together: Machiavellianism, which is a tendency to calculatedly manipulate others for your own good; psychopathy, an attribute that includes a lack of empathy and a willingness to take risks; sadism, the propensity to derive pleasure from inflicting pain on someone else; and narcissism, an obsession with self and feeling that you are better than other people.

13. intimidate(v.) 恫嚇，恐嚇
14. personality traits 人格特質
15. tetrad 四分體 (Dark Triad 黑暗人格三合一)
16. Machiavellianism 馬基雅弗利主義的，為奪取權力而不擇手段的
17. a tendency to 一個傾向
18. manipulate others 操縱他人
19. psychopathy 心理病態或精神病態
20. attribute (n.) 特性; attribute (v.): https://bit.ly/2E51C9i
21. sadism 虐待狂
22. a propensity to… …的（尤指不良的）傾向，嗜好，癖好
23. inflict(v.) pain 施加痛苦
24. narcissism 自戀
25. an obsession with… 癡迷於…

霸凌者是試圖恫嚇他人者，通常是重複性的，針對他或她認為軟弱或脆弱的對象。 根據心理學家的說法，霸凌者具有四種人格特質，即「黑暗四聯征」 (Dark Tetrad)，這些特質經常同時出現：馬基維利主義（Machiavellianism），這是一種為自身利益而計畫性地操縱他人的傾向； 精神病，一種缺乏同情心和甘於犯險的特質； 虐待狂則是指通過使別人痛苦來獲得快樂的傾向； 以及自戀，對自我的迷戀和感覺自己比別人更好。

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They exploit others, doing whatever it takes to feel special. They feel entitled, acting as if the world owes them and should bend to their will. And they lack empathy, often becoming so fixated on the need to feel special that they stop caring about the feelings of others.

26. exploit 利用
27. do whatever it takes to… 為了...會去做任何事情/願意付出一切/不計代價
28. bend to sth 屈從於
29. lack empathy 缺乏同理心
30. fixated on 異常依戀的；固戀的

他們利用他人，用盡手段讓自己感到與眾不同。 他們感到被賦予權力，舉止好似這個世界虧欠他們，應該屈從於他們的意願。 他們缺乏同理心，常過度執著於對與眾不同的需求，以至於他們不再在意他人感受。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

How should you respond to a bully?

First, determine whether you are safe. If not, call security or the police. Document the bully’s behavior. This will help if you need evidence, and it will keep you from doubting yourself. Second, do not engage. Engaging will encourage the bully, who will respond to feeling threatened by attacking more. Third, don’t let the bully take up space in your head. Try to limit how much you think or talk about the person to others. Block the bully on social media. Accept that you’re not going to change the person. Don’t blame yourself.

31. document (v.)…behavior 紀錄…的行為
32. do not engage (v.) 不要與之正面交鋒 ; engage: https://bit.ly/3fW9PKu
33. take up space 佔據空間
34. block (v.) 封鎖 ; block: https://bit.ly/2Y25wH4

那我們該如何應對霸凌者呢？

首先，確定自身是否安全。 若不安全，請致電安全部門或警察。 記錄下霸凌者行為。 如果你需要證據時這將有所幫助，並且可以防止你自我懷疑。第二，不要與之正面交鋒。正面交鋒將會助長霸凌者，他們將以更多的攻擊行為做為感受到威脅的回應。第三，不要讓霸凌者占據你的思緒。試著限制你對霸凌者的思考或談論的程度。 在社交媒體上封鎖霸凌者。要接受你無法改變霸凌者。不要歸責於自己。

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Don’t blame yourself for the actions of a bully. Always seek help.

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📰 華爾街日報訂閱方案: https://bit.ly/39ULVh1

🎓 華爾街日報獎助學金計畫 (A20): https://bit.ly/2C2tUAI

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如何增進同理心: https://bit.ly/34qSKnC

翻轉視界系列文章: https://bit.ly/3fPvKUs

完整報導: https://on.wsj.com/3kHKgjL

圖片出處: https://econ.st/2XYrXgE

Take it out on Hong Kong! ｜Lee Yee

The rash chap was wronged out there, and went home to beat up his wife and son. Ah Q muttered an insult to the fake foreigner, who beat him up with a mourning stick. Ah Q dared not argue, turned around and provoked Whiskers Wang, whom he despises, and the weak and lowly Young D. Except Whiskers Wang and Young D beat Ah Q, what a slap in the face! Therefore he pinched the young nun in the cheeks to vent.

The US has launched a series of blows against China in the ultra-cold war, with the latest development being the announcement that US Health and Human Services Secretary Alex Azar will visit Taiwan. Although there are precedents for the US cabinet members to visit Taiwan, it is now during a pandemic, with the particular highlights of this sensitive period being: that Taiwan has been rejected by the World Health Organization (WHO), that the WHO has joined forces with China, and that the US has withdrawn from the WHO and is preparing to form a new health alliance. In addition, it is rumored that Sun Lijun, the deputy minister of the Ministry of Public Security, who was investigated in April this year, was dismissed for leaking information about the Wuhan epidemic from laboratories. The relevant information has fallen into the hands of Australia and the US, which may trigger a global accountability operation.

As the US and Taiwan get closer, they repeated inch towards the bottom line of China’s tolerance. The next step could be the stationing of US troops in Taiwan, which could even lead to the establishment of diplomatic relations with Taiwan that might not be that surprising.

On the other hand, the US gave up unilateral diplomacy, and Pompeo called on the free world to unite to resist China, a declaration that was welcomed by many countries thanks to the Hong Kong national security law. Britain proposed to form the D-10, a group that is consisted of the Five Eyes, plus Japan, India, South Korea, France, and Germany, with the possibility of ASEAN countries to follow. The latest development is that in Switzerland, which has always maintained a neutral attitude in international affairs and has never been involved in international wars since 1815, Foreign Minister Ignazio Cassis told the media on Aug 2 that Hong Kong’s national security law endangers Hong Kong Swiss enterprises, and if the CCP insists on pursuing it, Western countries will respond more resolutely.

As everyone knows, Swiss banks are famous for their measures against leaking depositors’ information, and therefore money from laundering is often stored in Swiss banks. Last year, Jia Kang, an economist and former director of the Finance Department of the Chinese Ministry of Finance, forwarded the news published by Union Bank of Switzerland (UBS) that about 100 Chinese people had deposits of 7.8 trillion yuan, which equals to 1 trillion USD in UBS. The average deposit per person is more than 10 billion USD.

The Swiss Foreign Minister said that Hong Kong’s national security law “endangers Swiss enterprises in Hong Kong”, alluding to the next steps which could well be divestitures. Minus Hong Kong, corrupt Chinese officials have one fewer, and the most convenient, place to hide their money.

Faced with the increasing pressure from the US and Western countries, China’s response has been relatively mild. Except for the babbling from the Ministry of Foreign Arguments, none from the top tier spoke out, and the media reiterated that they would remain “open to the outside world”.

A month ago, Global Times editor-in-chief Hu Xijin posted that China needed to increase the number of nuclear warheads to more than a thousand; a week ago, Old Hu once again proclaimed, “Hurry up and build more nuclear missiles to deter the American lunatics, turn on the steam”. These Weibo posts have hundreds of thousands of likes. However, on Jul 31, Yang Chengjun, high-level military, and nuclear arms control expert, issued a document that slammed, without naming names, Hu’s remarks as “having the foremost purpose of inciting dissatisfaction with the Central government, the Military Commission, and the military”, that it was heinous and “a lie that is extremely detrimental to national security”.

Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi said in an interview with Xinhua News Agency that, “We can restart dialogues with all levels and fields with the US any moment. Any issue can be brought to the table for discussion”, “refuse to decouple, maintain cooperation; resist zero-sum, share responsibility”.

Not daring to play hardball with the US? Take it out on Hong Kong. Therefore, the policy towards Hong Kong is only going to become increasingly outrageous. Hongkongers must prepare for the worst.

Lu Xun said, “An angry hero brandishes his sword to challenge the mighty; an angry coward turns his sword to bully the vulnerable”. The next two lines that follow are, “In a hopeless nation, there will be many heroes glaring only at the children. Those wussies!” Wussy [pinyin: can tou]," means a bully who preys on the weak in the Chinese northern dialect.

If the wussies think that little Hong Kong is good to bully, then what has last year’s anti-ELAB movement do to the political, economic, internal, and external environment in the CCP? Winston Churchill said, “Success is not final, failure is not fatal: it is the courage to continue that counts.”