【疾病知多D】女友發脾氣會不會是……?
面對女友無理取鬧,男友或許可能會不知所措。
不過其實女友未必真的無緣無故無「理」取鬧。
噯!別誤會!藥罐子倒是不知道誰對誰錯,只是想說其中一個理由可能是……
經前症候群(Premenstrual Syndrome, PMS)。
所謂「經前症候群」,主要是指女生在月經來潮前14天內所浮現的一些生理、心理症狀,例如頭痛、疲勞、體液瀦留(Fluid Retention)、水腫、乳房壓痛(Breast Tenderness)、易怒、焦慮、抑鬱,從而開始放負,一般會隨著月經來潮而逐漸消失。
實際上,經前症候群非常普遍。根據一些參考資料,平均大約75%的育齡女性便曾經經歷過經前症候群的症狀。[1]
說到經前症候群,一般建議調整生活習慣,有助紓緩經前症候群的症狀:[1][2]
第一,減少鈉質的攝取量,簡單說,便是「少鹹」,因為「鈉跟著水走」,所以鈉少水少,從而能夠紓緩體液瀦留、水腫的症狀。
第二,多做運動,因為這可能會增加內啡肽(Endorphin)的水平並產生跑者的愉悅感(Runner's High),從而可能會提升正能量,擊退負能量。
除此之外,一般還可以服用一些維生素紓緩經前症候群的症狀。
例如維生素B6。
維生素B6是人體的其中一種輔酶,主要負責生產血清素(Serotonin)的最後一個步驟。至於血清素是一種神經傳遞介質(Neurotransmitter),主要負責協調人體的情緒。
過往一些假設認為人體缺乏維生素B6可能會誘發經前症候群的抑鬱症狀。
一項元分析(Meta Analysis)指出每天服用100mg維生素B6或許可能會紓緩經前症候群的症狀。[3]
在副作用上,每天服用高劑量(>2000mg)的維生素B6可能會損害神經,從而可能會誘發周邊神經病變(Peripheral Neuropathy)。
不過就算只是200mg的維生素B6,同樣可能會誘發神經病變。[4]
最後……除了經前症候群之外,還有經前不悅症(Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder, PMDD)。
「經前不悅症」其實可以說是經前症候群的進化版,情況一般會較嚴重,往往足以對患者的工作、社交構成負面的影響。
根據一些參考資料,平均大約3至8%的育齡女性便曾經患上經前不悅症。[1]
在用藥上,選擇性血清素再回收抑制劑(Selective Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitors, SSRI)一般是首選[1],例如Citalopram、Escitalopram、Fluoxetine、Paroxetine、Sertraline。
不過除了選擇性血清素再回收抑制劑之外,其實還有三環類抗抑鬱藥(Tricyclic Antidepressant, TCA),例如Clomipramine。
不過相較而言,三環類抗抑鬱藥的副作用一般較多,所以一般只會視為次選。
嗱!嗱!嗱!話雖如此,不過藥罐子倒是不建議女生動輒拿「經前症候群」、「經前不悅症」做發脾氣的擋箭牌。
(如欲了解更多用藥資訊,歡迎看看「小小藥罐子」網誌。)
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Reference:
1. Steiner M, Pearlstein T, Cohen LS, et al. Expert guidelines for the treatment of severe PMS, PMDD, and comorbidities: The role of SSRIs. J Womens Health. 2006;15:57-69.
2. Grady-Weliky TA. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:433-438.
3. Wyatt KM, Dimmock PW, Jones PW, et al. Efficacy of vitamin B-6 in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome: systematic review. BMJ. 1999;318:1375-1381.
4. British National Formulary. BMJ Group and RPS Publishing. 56th ed. 2008:531.
同時也有1部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過361萬的網紅Dan Lok,也在其Youtube影片中提到,Do you know the 7 key areas you need to master in order to have a successful business? If you don't have a predictable way of attracting clients, you...
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selective retention 在 Dan Lok Youtube 的最讚貼文
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Dan Lok, a.k.a. The King of High-Ticket Sales is one of the highest-paid and most respected consultants in the luxury and “high-ticket” space.
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This video is all about : 7 Steps To Building A Million-Dollar Business - Systemize Your Business Ep. 3
https://youtu.be/nsG4yzakVyM
https://youtu.be/nsG4yzakVyM
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... lecture I explain three important concepts in Consumer behaviour 1- Selective attention 2- Selective distortion 3- Selective retention. ... <看更多>