這是前些日子爆出已經被加拿大法院接理對藏傳佛教噶舉派法王的訟訴。(加拿大法院鏈接在此:https://www.bccourts.ca/jdb-txt/sc/21/09/2021BCSC0939cor1.htm?fbclid=IwAR2FLZlzmUIGTBaTuKPVchEqqngcE3Qy6G_C0TWNWVKa2ksbIYkVJVMQ8f8)
這位法王的桃色事件,我是幾年前才聽到。但,藏傳佛教的高層有這些性醜聞,我已經聽了幾十年。我以前的一位前女友也被一些堪布藉故上她的家摟抱過,也有一些活佛跟她表白。(這不只是她,其他地方我也聽過不少)
這是一個藏傳佛教裡面系統式的問題。
很多時候發生這種事情,信徒和教主往往都是說女方得不到寵而報仇,或者說她們也精神病,或者說她們撒謊。
我不排除有這種可能性,但,多過一位,甚至多位出來指證的時候,我是傾向於相信『沒有那麼巧這麼多有精神病的女人要撒謊來報仇』。
大寶法王的桃色事件,最先吹哨的是一位台灣的在家信徒,第二位是香港的女出家人,現在加拿大又多一位公開舉報上法庭。
對大寶法王信徒來說,這一次的比較麻煩,因為是有孩子的。(關於有孩子的,我早在法王的桃色事件曝光時,就有聽聞)
如果法庭勒令要驗證DNA,這對法王和他的信徒來說,會很尷尬和矛盾,因為做或不做,都死。
你若問我,我覺得『人數是有力量的』,同時我也覺得之後有更多的人站出來,是不出奇的。
我也藉此呼籲各方佛教徒,如果你們真的愛佛教,先別說批判,但如鴕鳥般不討論這些爭議,你是間接害了佛教。
(下面是我從加拿大法院鏈接拷貝下來的內容,當中有很多細節。)
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND
ANALYSIS
A. The Spousal Support Claim in this Case
B. The Test to Amend Pleadings
C. Pleadings in Family Law Cases
D. The Legal Concept of a Marriage-Like Relationship
E. Is There a Reasonable Claim of a Marriage-Like Relationship?
F. Delay / Prejudice
CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION
[1] The claimant applies to amend her notice of family claim to seek spousal support. At issue is whether the claimant’s allegations give rise to a reasonable claim she lived with the respondent in a marriage-like relationship, so as to give rise to a potential entitlement to spousal support under the Family Law Act, S.B.C. 2011, c. 25 (“FLA”).
[2] The facts alleged by the claimant do not fit within a traditional concept of marriage. The claimant does not allege that she and the respondent ever lived together. Indeed, she has only met the respondent in person four times: twice very briefly in a public setting; a third time in private, when she alleges the respondent sexually assaulted her; and a fourth and final occasion, when she informed the respondent she was pregnant with his child.
[3] The claimant’s case is that what began as a non-consensual sexual encounter evolved into a loving and affectionate relationship. That relationship occurred almost entirely over private text messages. The parties rarely spoke on the telephone, and never saw one another during the relationship, even over video. The claimant says they could not be together because the respondent is forbidden by his station and religious beliefs from intimate relationships or marriage. Nonetheless, she alleges, they formed a marriage-like relationship that lasted from January 2018 to January 2019.
[4] The respondent denies any romantic relationship with the claimant. While he acknowledges providing emotional and financial support to the claimant, he says it was for the benefit of the child the claimant told him was his daughter.
[5] The claimant’s proposed amendment raises a novel question: can a secret relationship that began on-line and never moved into the physical world be like a marriage? In my view, that question should be answered by a trial judge after hearing all of the evidence. The alleged facts give rise to a reasonable claim the claimant lived with the respondent in a marriage-like relationship. Accordingly, I grant the claimant leave to amend her notice of family claim.
BACKGROUND
[6] It should be emphasized that this is an application to amend pleadings only. The allegations by the claimant are presumed to be true for the purposes of this application. Those allegations have not been tested in a court of law.
[7] The respondent, Ogyen Trinley Dorje, is a high lama of the Karma Kagyu School of Tibetan Buddhism. He has been recognized and enthroned as His Holiness, the 17th Gyalwang Karmapa. Without meaning any disrespect, I will refer to him as Mr. Dorje in these reasons for judgment.
[8] Mr. Dorje leads a monastic and nomadic lifestyle. His true home is Tibet, but he currently resides in India. He receives followers from around the world at the Gyuto Monetary in India. He also travels the world teaching Tibetan Buddhist Dharma and hosting pujas, ceremonies at which Buddhists express their gratitude and devotion to the Buddha.
[9] The claimant, Vikki Hui Xin Han, is a former nun of Tibetan Buddhism. Ms. Han first encountered Mr. Dorje briefly at a large puja in 2014. The experience of the puja convinced Ms. Han she wanted to become a Buddhist nun. She met briefly with Mr. Dorje, in accordance with Kagyu traditions, to obtain his approval to become a nun.
[10] In October 2016, Ms. Han began a three-year, three-month meditation retreat at a monastery in New York State. Her objective was to learn the practices and teachings of the Kagyu Lineage. Mr. Dorje was present at the retreat twice during the time Ms. Han was at the monastery.
[11] Ms. Han alleges that on October 14, 2017, Mr. Dorje sexually assaulted her in her room at the monastery. She alleges that she became pregnant from the assault.
[12] After she learned that she was pregnant, Ms. Han requested a private audience with Mr. Dorje. In November 2017, in the presence of his bodyguards, Ms. Han informed Mr. Dorje she was pregnant with his child. Mr. Dorje initially denied responsibility; however, he provided Ms. Han with his email address and a cellphone number, and, according to Ms. Han, said he would “prepare some money” for her.
[13] Ms. Han abandoned her plan to become a nun, left the retreat and returned to Canada. She never saw Mr. Dorje again.
[14] After Ms. Han returned to Canada, she and Mr. Dorje began a regular communication over an instant messaging app called Line. They also exchanged emails and occasionally spoke on the telephone.
[15] The parties appear to have expressed care and affection for one another in these communications. I say “appear to” because it is difficult to fully understand the meaning and intentions of another person from brief text messages, especially those originally written in a different language. The parties wrote in a private shorthand, sharing jokes, emojis, cartoon portraits and “hugs” or “kisses”. Ms. Han was the more expressive of the two, writing more frequently and in longer messages. Mr. Dorje generally participated in response to questions or prompting from Ms. Han, sometimes in single word messages.
[16] Ms. Han deposes that she believed Mr. Dorje was in love with her and that, by January 2018, she and Mr. Dorje were living in a “conjugal relationship”.
[17] During their communications, Ms. Han expressed concern that her child would be “illegitimate”. She appears to have asked Mr. Dorje to marry her, and he appears to have responded that he was “not ready”.
[18] Throughout 2018, Mr. Dorje transferred funds in various denominations to Ms. Han through various third parties. Ms. Han deposes that these funds were:
a) $50,000 CDN to deliver the child and for postpartum care she was to receive at a facility in Seattle;
b) $300,000 CDN for the first year of the child’s life;
c) $20,000 USD for a wedding ring, because Ms. Han wrote “Even if we cannot get married, you must buy me a wedding ring”;
d) $400,000 USD to purchase a home for the mother and child.
[19] On June 19, 2018, Ms. Han gave birth to a daughter in Richmond, B.C.
[20] On September 17, 2018, Mr. Dorje wrote, ”Taking care of her and you are my duty for life”.
[21] Ms. Han’s expectation was that the parties would live together in the future. She says they planned to live together. Those plans evolved over time. Initially they involved purchasing a property in Toronto, so that Mr. Dorje could visit when he was in New York. They also discussed purchasing property in Calgary or renting a home in Vancouver for that purpose. Ms. Han eventually purchased a condominium in Richmond using funds provided by Mr. Dorje.
[22] Ms. Han deposes that the parties made plans for Mr. Dorje to visit her and meet the child in Richmond. In October 2018, however, Mr. Dorje wrote that he needed to “disappear” to Europe. He wrote:
I will definitely find a way to meet her
And you
Remember to take care of yourself if something happens
[23] The final plan the parties discussed, according to Ms. Han, was that Mr. Dorje would sponsor Ms. Han and the child to immigrate to the United States and live at the Kagyu retreat centre in New York State.
[24] In January 2019, Ms. Han lost contact with Mr. Dorje.
[25] Ms. Han commenced this family law case on July 17, 2019, seeking child support, a declaration of parentage and a parentage test. She did not seek spousal support.
[26] Ms. Han first proposed a claim for spousal support in October 2020 after a change in her counsel. Following an exchange of correspondence concerning an application for leave to amend the notice of family claim, Ms. Han’s counsel wrote that Ms. Han would not be advancing a spousal support claim. On March 16, 2020, counsel reversed course, and advised that Ms. Han had instructed him to proceed with the application.
[27] When this application came on before me, the trial was set to commence on June 7, 2021. The parties were still in the process of discoveries and obtaining translations for hundreds of pages of documents in Chinese characters.
[28] At a trial management conference on May 6, 2021, noting the parties were not ready to proceed, Madam Justice Walkem adjourned the trial to April 11, 2022.
ANALYSIS
A. The Spousal Support Claim in this Case
[29] To claim spousal support in this case, Ms. Han must plead that she lived with Mr. Dorje in a marriage-like relationship. This is because only “spouses” are entitled to spousal support, and s. 3 of the Family Law Act defines a spouse as a person who is married or has lived with another person in a marriage-like relationship:
3 (1) A person is a spouse for the purposes of this Act if the person
(a) is married to another person, or
(b) has lived with another person in a marriage-like relationship, and
(i) has done so for a continuous period of at least 2 years, or
(ii) except in Parts 5 [Property Division] and 6 [Pension Division], has a child with the other person.
[30] Because she alleges she has a child with Mr. Dorje, Ms. Han need not allege that the relationship endured for a continuous period of two years to claim spousal support; but she must allege that she lived in a marriage-like relationship with him at some point in time. Accordingly, she must amend the notice of family claim.
B. The Test to Amend Pleadings
[31] Given that the notice of trial has been served, Ms. Han requires leave of the court to amend the notice of family claim: Supreme Court Family Rule 8-1(1)(b)(i).
[32] A person seeking to amend a notice of family claim must show that there is a reasonable cause of action. This is a low threshold. What the applicant needs to establish is that, if the facts pleaded are proven at trial, they would support a reasonable claim. The applicant’s allegations of fact are assumed to be true for the purposes of this analysis. Cantelon v. Wall, 2015 BCSC 813, at para. 7-8.
[33] The applicant’s delay, the reasons for the delay, and the prejudice to the responding party are also relevant factors. The ultimate consideration is whether it would be just and convenient to allow the amendment. Cantelon, at para. 6, citing Teal Cedar Products Ltd. v. Dale Intermediaries Ltd. et al (1986), 19 B.C.L.R. (3d) 282.
C. Pleadings in Family Law Cases
[34] Supreme Court Family Rules 3-1(1) and 4-1(1) require that a claim to spousal support be pleaded in a notice of family claim in Form F3. Section 2 of Form F3, “Spousal relationship history”, requires a spousal support claimant to check the boxes that apply to them, according to whether they are or have been married or are or have been in a marriage-like relationship. Where a claimant alleges a marriage-like relationship, Form F3 requires that they provide the date on which they began to live together with the respondent in a marriage-like relationship and, where applicable, the date on which they separated. Form F3 does not require a statement of the factual basis for the claim of spousal support.
[35] In this case, Ms. Han seeks to amend the notice of family claim to allege that she and Mr. Dorje began to live in a marriage-like relationship in or around January 2018, and separated in or around January 2019.
[36] An allegation that a person lived with a claimant in a marriage-like relationship is a conclusion of law, not an allegation of fact. Unlike the rules governing pleadings in civil actions, however, the Supreme Court Family Rules do not expressly require family law claimants to plead the material facts in support of conclusions of law.
[37] In other words, there is no express requirement in the Supreme Court Family Rules that Ms. Han plead the facts on which she relies for the allegation she and Mr. Dorje lived in a marriage-like relationship.
[38] Rule 4-6 authorizes a party to demand particulars, and then apply to the court for an order for further and better particulars, of a matter stated in a pleading. However, unless and until she is granted leave and files the proposed amended notice of family claim, Ms. Han’s allegation of a marriage-like relationship is not a matter stated in a pleading.
[39] Ms. Han filed an affidavit in support of her application to amend the notice of family claim. Normally, evidence would not be required or admissible on an application to amend a pleading. However, in the unusual circumstances of this case, the parties agreed I may look to Ms. Han’s affidavit and exhibits for the facts she pleads in support of the allegation of a marriage-like relationship.
[40] Because this is an application to amend - and Ms. Han’s allegations of fact are presumed to be true - I have not considered Mr. Dorje’s responding affidavit.
[41] Relying on affidavit evidence for an application to amend pleadings is less than ideal. It tends to merge and confuse the material facts with the evidence that would be relied on to prove those facts. In a number of places in her affidavit, for example, Ms. Han describes her feelings, impressions and understandings. A person’s hopes and intentions are not normally material facts unless they are mutual or reasonably held. The facts on which Ms. Han alleges she and Mr. Dorje formed a marriage-like relationship are more important for the present purposes than her belief they entered into a conjugal union.
[42] Somewhat unusually, in this case, almost all of the parties’ relevant communications were in writing. This makes it somewhat easier to separate the facts from the evidence; however, as stated above, it is difficult to understand the intentions and actions of a person from brief text messages.
[43] In my view, it would be a good practice for applicants who seek to amend their pleadings in family law cases to provide opposing counsel and the court with a schedule of the material facts on which they rely for the proposed amendment.
D. The Legal Concept of a Marriage-Like Relationship
[44] As Mr. Justice Myers observed in Mother 1 v. Solus Trust Company, 2019 BCSC 200, the concept of a marriage-like relationship is elastic and difficult to define. This elasticity is illustrated by the following passage from Yakiwchuk v. Oaks, 2003 SKQB 124, quoted by Myers J. at para. 133 of Mother 1:
[10] Spousal relationships are many and varied. Individuals in spousal relationships, whether they are married or not, structure their relationships differently. In some relationships there is a complete blending of finances and property - in others, spouses keep their property and finances totally separate and in still others one spouse may totally control those aspects of the relationship with the other spouse having little or no knowledge or input. For some couples, sexual relations are very important - for others, that aspect may take a back seat to companionship. Some spouses do not share the same bed. There may be a variety of reasons for this such as health or personal choice. Some people are affectionate and demonstrative. They show their feelings for their “spouse” by holding hands, touching and kissing in public. Other individuals are not demonstrative and do not engage in public displays of affection. Some “spouses” do everything together - others do nothing together. Some “spouses” vacation together and some spend their holidays apart. Some “spouses” have children - others do not. It is this variation in the way human beings structure their relationships that make the determination of when a “spousal relationship” exists difficult to determine. With married couples, the relationship is easy to establish. The marriage ceremony is a public declaration of their commitment and intent. Relationships outside marriage are much more difficult to ascertain. Rarely is there any type of “public” declaration of intent. Often people begin cohabiting with little forethought or planning. Their motivation is often nothing more than wanting to “be together”. Some individuals have chosen to enter relationships outside marriage because they did not want the legal obligations imposed by that status. Some individuals have simply given no thought as to how their relationship would operate. Often the date when the cohabitation actually began is blurred because people “ease into” situations, spending more and more time together. Agreements between people verifying when their relationship began and how it will operate often do not exist.
[45] In Mother 1, Mr. Justice Myers referred to a list of 22 factors grouped into seven categories, from Maldowich v. Penttinen, (1980), 17 R.F.L. (2d) 376 (Ont. Dist. Ct.), that have frequently been cited in this and other courts for the purpose of determining whether a relationship was marriage-like, at para. 134 of Mother 1:
1. Shelter:
(a) Did the parties live under the same roof?
(b) What were the sleeping arrangements?
(c) Did anyone else occupy or share the available accommodation?
2. Sexual and Personal Behaviour:
(a) Did the parties have sexual relations? If not, why not?
(b) Did they maintain an attitude of fidelity to each other?
(c) What were their feelings toward each other?
(d) Did they communicate on a personal level?
(e) Did they eat their meals together?
(f) What, if anything, did they do to assist each other with problems or during illness?
(g) Did they buy gifts for each other on special occasions?
3. Services:
What was the conduct and habit of the parties in relation to:
(a) preparation of meals;
(b) washing and mending clothes;
(c) shopping;
(d) household maintenance; and
(e) any other domestic services?
4. Social:
(a) Did they participate together or separately in neighbourhood and community activities?
(b) What was the relationship and conduct of each of them toward members of their respective families and how did such families behave towards the parties?
5. Societal:
What was the attitude and conduct of the community toward each of them and as a couple?
6. Support (economic):
(a) What were the financial arrangements between the parties regarding the provision of or contribution toward the necessaries of life (food, clothing, shelter, recreation, etc.)?
(b) What were the arrangements concerning the acquisition and ownership of property?
(c) Was there any special financial arrangement between them which both agreed would be determinant of their overall relationship?
7. Children:
What was the attitude and conduct of the parties concerning children?
[46] In Austin v. Goerz, 2007 BCCA 586, the Court of Appeal cautioned against a “checklist approach”; rather, a court should "holistically" examine all the relevant factors. Cases like Molodowich provide helpful indicators of the sorts of behaviour that society associates with a marital relationship, the Court of Appeal said; however, “the presence or absence of any particular factor cannot be determinative of whether a relationship is marriage-like” (para. 58).
[47] In Weber v. Leclerc, 2015 BCCA 492, the Court of Appeal again affirmed that there is no checklist of characteristics that will be found in all marriages and then concluded with respect to evidence of intentions:
[23] The parties’ intentions – particularly the expectation that the relationship will be of lengthy, indeterminate duration – may be of importance in determining whether a relationship is “marriage-like”. While the court will consider the evidence expressly describing the parties’ intentions during the relationship, it will also test that evidence by considering whether the objective evidence is consonant with those intentions.
[24] The question of whether a relationship is “marriage-like” will also typically depend on more than just their intentions. Objective evidence of the parties’ lifestyle and interactions will also provide direct guidance on the question of whether the relationship was “marriage-like”.
[48] Significantly for this case, the courts have looked to mutual intent in order to find a marriage-like relationship. See, for example, L.E. v. D.J., 2011 BCSC 671 and Buell v. Unger, 2011 BCSC 35; Davey Estate v. Gruyaert, 2005 CarswellBC 3456 at 13 and 35.
[49] In Mother 1, Myers J. concluded his analysis of the law with the following learned comment:
[143] Having canvassed the law relating to the nature of a marriage-like relationship, I will digress to point out the problematic nature of the concept. It may be apparent from the above that determining whether a marriage-like relationship exists sometimes seems like sand running through one's fingers. Simply put, a marriage-like relationship is akin to a marriage without the formality of a marriage. But as the cases mentioned above have noted, people treat their marriages differently and have different conceptions of what marriage entails.
[50] In short, the determination of whether the parties in this case lived in a marriage-like relationship is a fact-specific inquiry that a trial judge would need to make on a “holistic” basis, having regard to all of the evidence. While the trial judge may consider the various factors listed in the authorities, those factors would not be treated as a checklist and no single factor or category of factors would be treated as being decisive.
E. Is There a Reasonable Claim of a Marriage-Like Relationship?
[51] In this case, many of the Molodowich factors are missing:
a) The parties never lived under the same roof. They never slept together. They were never in the same place at the same time during the relationship. The last time they saw each other in person was in November 2017, before the relationship began.
b) The parties never had consensual sex. They did not hug, kiss or hold hands. With the exception of the alleged sexual assault, they never touched one another physically.
c) The parties expressed care and affection for one another, but they rarely shared personal information or interest in their lives outside of their direct topic of communication. They did not write about their families, their friends, their religious beliefs or their work.
d) They expressed concern and support for one another when the other felt unwell or experienced health issues, but they did not provide any care or assistance during illness or other problems.
e) They did not assist one another with domestic chores.
f) They did not share their relationship with their peers or their community. There is no allegation, for example, that Mr. Dorje told his fellow monks or any of his followers about the relationship. There is no allegation that Ms. Han told her friends or any co-workers. Indeed, there is no allegation that anyone, with the exception of Ms. Han’s mother, knew about the relationship. Although Mr. Dorje gave Ms. Han’s mother a gift, he never met the mother and he never spoke to her.
g) They did not intend to have a child together. The child was conceived as a result of a sexual assault. While Mr. Dorje expressed interest in “meeting” the child, he never followed up. He currently has no relationship with the child. There is no allegation he has sought access or parenting arrangements.
[52] The only Molodowich factor of any real relevance in this case is economic support. Mr. Dorje provided the funds with which Ms. Han purchased a condominium. Mr. Dorje initially wrote that he wanted to buy a property with the money, but, he wrote, “It’s the same thing if you buy [it]”.
[53] Mr. Dorje also provided a significant amount of money for Ms. Han’s postpartum care and the child’s first year of life.
[54] This financial support may have been primarily for the benefit of the child. Even the condominium, Ms. Han wrote, was primarily for the benefit of the child.
[55] However, in my view, a trial judge may attach a broader significance to the financial support from Mr. Dorje than child support alone. A trial judge may find that the money Mr. Dorje provided to Ms. Han at her request was an expression of his commitment to her in circumstances in which he could not commit physically. The money and the gifts may be seen by the trial judge to have been a form of down payment by Mr. Dorje on a promise of continued emotional and financial support for Ms. Han, or, in Mr. Dorje’s own words, “Taking care of her and you are my duty for life” (emphasis added).
[56] On the other hand, I find it difficult to attach any particular significance to the fact that Mr. Dorje agreed to provide funds for Ms. Han to purchase a wedding ring. It appears to me that Ms. Han demanded that Mr. Dorje buy her a wedding ring, not that the ring had any mutual meaning to the parties as a marriage symbol. But it is relevant, in my view, that Mr. Dorje provided $20,000 USD to Ms. Han for something she wanted that was of no benefit to the child.
[57] Further, Ms. Han alleges that the parties intended to live together. At a minimum, a trial judge may find that the discussions about where Ms. Han and the child would live reflected a mutual intention of the parties to see one another and spend time together when they could.
[58] Mr. Dorje argues that an intention to live together at some point in the future is not sufficient to show that an existing relationship was marriage-like. He argues that the question of whether the relationship was marriage-like requires more than just intentions, citing Weber, supra.
[59] In my view, the documentary evidence referred to above provides some objective evidence in this case that the parties progressed beyond mere intentions. As stated, the parties appear to have expressed genuine care and affection for one another. They appear to have discussed marriage, trust, honesty, finances, mutual obligations and acquiring family property. These are not matters one would expect Mr. Dorje to discuss with a friend or a follower, or even with the mother of his child, without a marriage-like element of the relationship.
[60] A trial judge may find on the facts alleged by Ms. Han that the parties loved one another and would have lived together, but were unable to do so because of Mr. Dorje’s religious duties and nomadic lifestyle.
[61] The question I raised in the introduction to these reasons is whether a relationship that began on-line and never moved into the physical world can be marriage-like.
[62] Notably, the definition of a spouse in the Family Law Act does not require that the parties live together, only that they live with another person in a marriage-like relationship.
[63] In Connor Estate, 2017 BCSC 978, Mr. Justice Kent found that a couple that maintained two entirely separate households and never lived under the same roof formed a marriage-like relationship. (Connor Estate was decided under the intestacy provisions of the Wills, Estates and Succession Act, S.B.C. 2009, c. 13 ("WESA"), but courts have relied on cases decided under WESA and the FLA interchangeably for their definitions of a spouse.) Mr. Justice Kent found:
[50] The evidence is overwhelming and I find as a fact that Mr. Chambers and Ms. Connor loved and cared deeply about each other, and that they had a loving and intimate relationship for over 20 years that was far more than mere friendship or even so-called "friendship with benefits". I accept Mr. Chambers' evidence that he would have liked to share a home with Ms. Connor after the separation from his wife, but was unable to do so because of Ms. Connor's hoarding illness. The evidence amply supports, and I find as a fact, that Mr. Chambers and Ms. Connor loved each other, were faithful to each other, communicated with each other almost every day when they were not together, considered themselves to be (and presented themselves to be) "husband and wife" and were accepted by all who knew them as a couple.
[64] Connor Estate may be distinguishable from this case because Mr. Chambers and Ms. Connor were physically intimate for over 20 years, and presented themselves to the world as a married couple.
[65] Other decisions in which a marriage-like relationship has been found to exist despite the parties not living together have involved circumstances in which the couple lived under the same roof at previous points in the relationship, and the issue was whether they continued to be spouses after they took up separate residences: in Thompson v. Floyd, 2001 BCCA 78, the parties had lived together for a period of at least 11 years; in Roach v. Dutra, 2010 BCCA 264, the parties had lived together for approximately three years.
[66] However, as Mr. Justice Kent noted in Connor Estate:
[48] … [W]hile much guidance might be found in this case law, the simple fact is that no two cases are identical (and indeed they usually vary widely) and it is the assessment of evidence as a whole in this particular case which matters.
[67] Mr. Justice Kent concluded:
[53] Like human beings themselves, marriage-like relationships can come in many and various shapes. In this particular case, I have no doubt that such a relationship existed …
[68] As stated, Ms. Han’s claim is novel. It may even be weak. Almost all of the traditional factors are missing. The fact that Ms. Han and Mr. Dorje never lived under the same roof, never shared a bed and never even spent time together in person will militate against a finding they lived with one another in a marriage-like relationship. However, the traditional factors are not a mandatory check-list that confines the “elastic” concept of a marriage-like relationship. And if the COVID pandemic has taught us nothing else, it is that real relationships can form, blossom and end in virtual worlds.
[69] In my view, the merits of Ms. Han’s claim should be decided on the evidence. Subject to an overriding prejudice to Mr. Dorje, she should have leave to amend the notice of family claim. However, she should also provide meaningful particulars of the alleged marriage-like relationship.
F. Delay / Prejudice
[70] Ms. Han filed her notice of family claim on July 17, 2019. She brought this application to amend approximately one year and nine months after she filed the pleading, just over two months before the original trial date.
[71] Ms. Han’s delay was made all that more remarkable by her change in position from January 19, 2021, when she confirmed, through counsel, that she was not seeking spousal support in this case.
[72] Ms. Han gave notice of her intention to proceed with this application to Mr. Dorje on March 16, 2021. By the time the application was heard, the parties had conducted examinations for discovery without covering the issues that would arise from a claim of spousal support.
[73] Also, in April, Ms. Han produced additional documents, primarily text messages, that may be relevant to her claim of spousal support, but were undecipherable to counsel for Mr. Dorje, who does not read Mandarin.
[74] This application proceeded largely on documents selected and translated by counsel for Ms. Han. I was informed that Mandarin translations of the full materials would take 150 days.
[75] Understandably in the circumstances, Mr. Dorje argued that an amendment two months before trial would be neither just nor convenient. He argued that he would be prejudiced by an adjournment so as to allow Ms. Han to advance a late claim of spousal support.
[76] The circumstances changed on May 6, 2021, when Madam Justice Walkem adjourned the trial to July 2022 and reset it for 25 days. Madam Justice Walkem noted that most of the witnesses live internationally and require translators. She also noted that paternity may be in issue, and Mr. Dorje may amend his pleadings to raise that issue. It seems clear that, altogether apart from the potential spousal support claim, the parties were not ready to proceed to trial on June 7, 2021.
[77] In my view, any remaining prejudice to Mr. Dorje is outweighed by the importance of having all of the issues between the parties decided on their merits.
[78] Ms. Han’s delay and changes of position on spousal support may be a matter to de addressed in a future order of costs; but they are not grounds on which to deny her leave to amend the notice of family claim.
CONCLUSION
[79] Ms. Han is granted leave to amend her notice of family claim in the form attached as Appendix A to the notice of application to include a claim for spousal support.
[80] Within 21 days, or such other deadline as the parties may agree, Ms. Han must provide particulars of the marriage-like relationship alleged in the amended notice of family claim.
[81] Ms. Han is entitled to costs of this application in the cause of the spousal support claim.
“Master Elwood”
同時也有1部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過9萬的網紅Smart Travel,也在其Youtube影片中提到,泰國官方報導,性工作者中,80%以上是性病帶菌者,此影片純以遊客角度探討曼谷淫業、色情行業陷阱及破解方法。 請用片右下角調高清睇片。 https://youtu.be/-ZuZ0J_wh3U Also watch: 秋葉原行街,吹水講下日本召妓收費 和酒吧種類Akihabara and tel...
significant other clothing 在 外貿協會 TAITRA Facebook 的最讚貼文
📣 #外貿協會 全力協助臺灣產業走 #新型冠狀肺炎 疫情陰霾,將舉辦之國際展覽及活動,完全遵照 #政府規範採取各項預防措施,下列為針對 #國外廠商及買主 所提供之臺灣對疫情防範措施英文說明,歡迎視需要參用轉發! 🙋♂
【EUROPEAN Innovation Week to be held in Taiwan for technology and business collaboration】
The European Commission, the Bureau of Foreign Trade in Taiwan (BOFT), and Enterprise Europe Network (EEN) will jointly host European Innovation Week on 1-5 June, 2020 at the Taipei International Convention Center (TICC) and Taipei Nangang Exibition Center, Hall 1 (TaiNEX 1).
There will be seminars covering various trending topics, including smart manufacturing, smart transportation, robotics, energy, medical equipment, space technology and 5G, as well as discussions on EU's 2020 outlook.
In addition, there will be matchmaking and networking events to facilitate collaborations between EU and Taiwan companies and research institutes. A business matchmaking event will be held on 3 June during COMPUTEX TAIPEI.
Don’t miss the biggest event in Taiwan-EU technology and business.
👉Register for the matchmaking event at: https://eu-taiwan-2020.b2match.io/. Additional information will be made available in April.
🌏TAITRA overseas offices in Europe:
https://officeportal.taiwantrade.com/flash/big/unitList.jsp…
__________________________________________________
【MEDICAL TAIWAN to showcase complete health ecosystem】
⬆Publish Time:2020-02-26
The global market for medical hygiene products, applications, services, and manufacturing has grown significantly in recent years. The mounting impact of the #COVID-19 outbreak has further generated a global surge in demands for epidemic prevention supplies.
Wearing face masks and maintaining hand sanitation are among the most effective ways to combat the COVID-19 outbreak. In an effort to meet domestic demands, early on during the outbreak, the Taiwan government took swift and proactive initiative to work with industries to boost face mask production. In early March, after just a short few weeks, Taiwan will become the second largest face mask manufacturing country.
In addition to face masks, global demands for other epidemic prevention products are growing as well, including consumable alcohol cotton pads, protective clothing, forehead thermometers, medical gloves, infrared sensors, hygiene and disinfecting products. Meanwhile, demands for smart medical devices or equipment have also increased significantly.
TAITRA will hold 台灣國際醫療暨健康照護展 Medical Taiwan on 11-13 June at the TaiNEX 2 exhibition hall. MEDICAL TAIWAN is a one stop platform that showcases a complete health ecosystem in the B2B medical and health industry. In 2019, the show generated a total attendance of over 50,000 visits from 47 countries or regions. Attendance is expected to grow by a further 5% this year.
In conjunction with MEDICAL TAIWAN, Taiwan Medical Component & Manufacturing Expo (MCMEX) will be offering the most comprehensive medical supply chain for medical manufacturing.
In addition, in the Smart Medical Area, there will be most innovative medical robots, telecare Solutions, Wearable Technologies, and medical devices with IoT Applications.
For more info: https://www.medicaltaiwan.com.tw/en_US/index.html
Being a global ICT powerhouse with one of the best health care systems in the world, Taiwan delivers incredible offers in the medical and health industry. MEDICAL TAIWAN is an event that you simply cannot miss. For inquiries, please contact a TAITRA overseas office near you.
▶ #TAITRA overseas offices: https://officeportal.taiwantrade.com/flash/big/unitList.jsp…
▶As of today, Wednesday Feb 26, the COVID-19 outbreak has resulted in a total of 81,006 confirmed cases reported worldwide. As of writing, a total of 32 confirmed cases were reported in Taiwan, with 1 case deceased, 5 cases fully recovered, and the remaining in a stable condition and on the way to recovery.
_________________________________________
【TAITRA committed to safeguard event and exhibition participants at all venues】
⬆Publish Time:2020-02-25
In response to the global covid-19 outbreak, Taiwan took comprehensive and effective measures to protect the health of the public. Taiwan was among the first countries to take early measures to prevent the virus from spreading. In curbing the virus early on, so far a total of 31 cases have been identified, all of which were imported or close contact cases. The risk of infection to international travelers on the island is considered low to minimal.
TAITRA is conducting all events in full and stringent compliance with health and safety regulations. Full measures to ensure the health and safety of exhibitors and visitors are being enforced at all TAITRA venues, including Taipei World Trade Center (TWTC), Taipei Nangang Exhibition Hall 1 & Hall 2 (TaiNEX 1&2), and Taipei International Convention Center (TICC).
The specific measures include:
📌Visitors body temperature control
✓ All visitors (including exhibition workers to the loading docks or parking areas) entering the venues, will have their temperature checked for signs of fever, with infrared thermometer or be guided to go through fully-automatic infrared thermal imaging sensors.
✓ Those who have fevers are not allowed to enter the venues.
📌At the venues
✓ Alcohol-based hand sanitizers are available at every entry as well as needed areas.
✓ Elevators and escalators are sanitized daily, and floor, toilets, corridors, public areas, and air-conditioned rooms are disinfected with diluted bleach or alcohol water every week.
✓ Forced air circulation three times a day to increase indoor air ventilation and accelerate air circulation inside the venues.
✓ Epidemic prevention information or notice board is placed or broadcasted on the display panels for visitors.
📌Organizer staff
✓ All staff encountering visitors must implement self -health management and have their temperature taken every day, and wear facemasks while working.
✓ During large events, extra staff are sent for checkpoints at the entrances, exits, and needed areas for anti-epidemic prevention services.
📌Participant and visitor health
✓ When attending events, all are advised to wear masks and wash their hands or disinfect their hands frequently with hand sanitizer. If a visitor’s temperature is higher than 37.5 degrees Celsius, they can receive on-site assistance immediately.
✓ At large tradeshows, medical staff are stationed nearby.
✓ Anyone displaying symptoms of the novel coronavirus – or any other disease or illness – can expect the highest standards of medical assistance from Taiwan’s world leading healthcare and medical system.
TAITRA is actively implementing all necessary measures to ensure the health and safety of visitors and exhibitors. International visitors can rest assured when visiting Taiwan for events. TAITRA’s overseas offices are ready to assist with all related inquiries.
▶For the latest regulations for international visitors, please reach out to TAITRA overseas offices or see the following website:
https://www.boca.gov.tw/cp-220-5081-c06dc-2.html
▶For info on TAITRA overseas offices: https://officeportal.taiwantrade.com/flash/big/unitList.jsp…
▶As of today, Tuesday Feb 25, the COVID-19 outbreak has resulted in a total of 80,139 confirmed cases reported worldwide. As of writing, a total of 31 confirmed cases were reported in Taiwan, with 1 case deceased, 5 cases fully recovered, and the remaining in a stable condition and on the way to recovery.
_________________________________________________________
【Taiwan’s cultural and creative industries continue to flourish during the COVID-19 outbreak】
⬆Publish Time:2020-02-24
While the #COVID-19 epidemic has continued to spread globally, the delay in the start days of many business operations and schools after the winter break and holidays, in conjunction with various quarantine measures taken internationally, have led to a new wave of business opportunities in the cultural and creative industries.
Specifically, with the fast development of internet and communication technologies, the popularity of physical stores and public areas of entertainment and leisure have reduced and been increasingly replaced by the " digital home economy, " including a growing number of online and mobile applications of products and services in the fields of entertainment, gaming, streaming media, custom-design, home shopping, and a variety of digital content.
🇹🇼Taiwan, while being a global ICT powerhouse, has also continued to flourish in the cultural and creative industries. The total number of innovative companies in these sectors in 2018 was 64,401, a 1.82% increase compared with the previous year. The total sales revenue was NT$879.82 billion, an increase of 5.22%, growing at almost twice the rate of Taiwan's GDP, and accounting for 4.80% of GDP in 2018.
TAITRA will hold a Taiwan Cultural and Creative Industry Matchmaking Event on April 22-23 at Taipei World Trade Center Exhibition Hall 1.
This is a great business opportunity to meet one-on-one with Taiwan’s most interesting product and service providers in the cultural and creative fields, and will cover the following domains:
▶ Online video game products and services
▶ Digital content – animation products and services
▶ Intellectual Property (IP) licensing
▶ Printing design products and services
▶ Fine arts and crafts products
Giftionery & Culture Creative, Taipei (Taipei International gift, stationary & culture creative show) will also be held on April 23 – 26 at Taipei World Trade Center Exhibition Hall 1. For more information: https://www.giftionery.net/en_US/index.html
🔔 Our overseas branch offices will help you with any enquiries.
For information on overseas branch offices: https://officeportal.taiwantrade.com/flash/big/unitList.jsp…
🔔 As of today, Monday Feb 24, the COVID-19 outbreak has resulted in a total of 79,440 confirmed cases reported worldwide. As of writing, a total of 30 confirmed cases were found in Taiwan, with 1 of the confirmed cases deceased, 2 cases fully recovered and released from hospital, and the remaining cases in a stable condition and on the way to a full recovery. The risk of infection to international travelers within Taiwan is considered low to minimal.
🔔 The latest reports state that the number of total confirmed cases in China, including Hong Kong (74) and Macau (10), is 77,234 , followed by 2 cruise ships currently in international conveyance (692), Republic of Korea (763), Italy (152), Japan (147), Singapore (89), Iran (43), Thailand (35), United States of America (35), Taiwan (28), Malaysia (22), Germany (16), Vietnam (16), Australia (15), France (12).
—
【Taiwan’s top smart fitness solutions for boosting energy and well-being】
⬆Publish Time:2020-02-21
Given the ongoing #COVID-19 outbreak, it has become even more important to keep one’s immune system up and healthy.
According to the World Health Organization, adults should maintain moderate daily physical activity in order to enhance muscular strength and physical wellness. Doctors also urged that during the epidemic prevention period, regular exercising at home can help increase immunity and resist getting sick.
#Taiwan 🇹🇼exported US$2.12 billion worth of 🤾♂️sporting goods in 2019, up 9.29% from 2018. A significant amount of the increase was driven by the growing fitness and sporting equipment market. Brands from Taiwan are among the top industry players in the world, including Johnson, Dyaco, and SportsArt Fitness, Inc.
This year, #TAITRA will hold the #TaiSPO tradeshow (together with #TAIPEI CYCLE) on 14-16 May at Taipei Nangang Exhibition Center Hall 2 (TaiNEX 2). It is one of the most complete and innovative platforms in the global sporting and fitness industry. The 3-day exhibition will feature A Smart Sport Pavilion to showcase the most innovative sports technologies, as well as the Taiwan Excellence Award Pavilion.
👉See more info: https://www.taispo.com.tw/en_US/index.html
Among the most popular and innovative 2020 TAIWAN Excellence award winners are:
1⃣Verde Treadmill - The first ever treadmill capable of harnessing 75% of human energy and converting it to electricity.
https://www.taiwanexcellence.org/en/award/product/109328
2⃣Cycle Boxer - A breakthrough product featuring a combination of boxing and pedaling for those after a fun and challenging workout.
https://www.taiwanexcellence.org/en/award/product/109062
3⃣Climbmill - Designed for the fitness enthusiast who wants to burn calories while toning body with every step.
https://www.taiwanexcellence.org/en/award/product/109578
🔔TAITRA overseas branch offices will help you with your enquiries.
Our global offices: https://officeportal.taiwantrade.com/flash/big/unitList.jsp…
🔔As of today, Friday Feb. 21, 2020, the COVID-19 outbreak has resulted in a total of 76,795 confirmed cases reported worldwide. As of writing, a total of 26 confirmed cases were found in Taiwan, with 1 of the confirmed cases deceased, 2 cases fully recovered and released from hospital, and the remaining in a stable condition and on the way to a full recovery. The risk of infection to international travelers within Taiwan is considered low to minimal.
***The latest reports state that the number of total confirmed cases in China, including Hong Kong (67) and Macau (10), is 75,619, followed by 2 cruise ships currently in international conveyance (635), Republic of Korea (156), Japan (97), Singapore (84), Thailand (35), Taiwan (26), Malaysia (22), Germany (16), Vietnam (16), Australia (15), United States of America (15), France (12).
_________________________________________________________
【Taiwan offers automobile industry solution during COVID-19 outbreak】
⬆Publish Time:2020-02-20
The global #COVID-19 outbreak has disrupted the global automobile industry supply chain, causing auto makers and their suppliers to curtail or cease production due to a lack of parts.
Taiwan plays a crucial role in producing high-quality and diversified auto parts, and Taiwanese suppliers specialize in offering customized solutions to fit different needs. In 2019, Taiwan exported US$7 billion worth of auto products globally.
TAITRA will hold the Taipei AMPA / Autotronics Taipei/ Motorcycle Taiwan on April 15-18. The 3-in-1 event includes Taipei AMPA, Autotronics Taipei, and Motorcycle Taiwan. Ranked as one of the top 2 shows in Asia for automobile, motorcycle parts and accessories, it is one of the best business platforms in the global automobile supply chain.
This year, Taipei AMPA will also introduce a new ✨“Automobile Lighting” ✨area where more than 100 exhibitors are to showcase their latest automobile lighting products. Visitors can meet Taiwanese suppliers in 1-on-1 Procurement Meetings and attend a variety of forums.
👉 More info: https://www.taipeiampa.com.tw/en_US/index.html.
All events and activities held by TAITRA for international visitors are conducted in full and stringent compliance with health and safety regulations and there is no danger posed to exhibitions venues in Taiwan.
TAIPEI AMPA exhibition venues, including Taipei Nangang Exhibition Hall 1 & Hall 2, will enforce full measures to ensure hygiene and sanitation. Measures taken to control spread of the coronavirus include the following:
📢 All exhibition areas are disinfected regularly, and personnel and visitors are suggested to wear masks and checked for signs of fever with infrared temperature sensors and forehead thermometers.
📢 Medical staff are stationed on each floor of the exhibition hall and hand sanitizers are available in public areas.
👥Our overseas branch offices will help you with any enquiries. For info on overseas branch offices: https://officeportal.taiwantrade.com/flash/big/unitList.jsp…
▶As of today, Thursday Feb 20, the COVID-19 outbreak has resulted in a total of 75,823 confirmed cases reported worldwide. As of writing, a total of 24 confirmed cases were found in Taiwan, with 1 of the confirmed cases deceased, 2 cases fully recovered and released from hospital, and the remaining in a stable condition and on the way to a full recovery. The risk of infection to international travelers within Taiwan is considered low to minimal.
▶The latest reports state that the number of total confirmed cases in China, including Hong Kong (65) and Macau (10), is 74,727, followed by a cruise ship currently in international conveyance (621), Republic of Korea (104), Singapore (84), Japan (84), Thailand (35), Taiwan (24), Malaysia (22), Germany (16), Vietnam (16), Australia (15), United States of America (15), France (12).
▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁
【Taiwan to be the 2nd largest surgical mask producer】
⬆Publish Time:2020-02-19
Facing a worldwide supply shortage of surgical masks during the global #COVID-19 outbreak, the Taiwan government, fast collaborating with local industry technology research institutes as well as smart-machinery & automation sectors, will increase mask production to meet the demand domestically, and in the process turn Taiwan into the 2nd largest surgical mask producer in the world✨.
The collaboration with industry sectors has effectively reduced the production cycle of mask equipment from 2 months to 1 week and completed 60 production lines from six months to just one month, ready to produce 10 million pieces per day by the end of February to early March.
🇹🇼Taiwan plays a crucial role in global machine tool industry🔧. Taiwan is the 7th largest machine tool maker, with 80% of products exported to 138 countries. The exported value stood at 3.06 billion U.S dollar in 2019, making Taiwan the 5th largest machine tool exporter in the world.
🇹🇼Taiwan’s machinery clusters are based in #Taichung, with over 1,500 machine tool makers and 10,000 satellite firms nearby, enabling flexible production, specialties sharing, and short lead times. Such comprehensive and high-density clusters also made Taiwan’s machine tools industries highly competitive and customer-oriented, offering high quality products through efficient and cost-effective operations.
In recent years, a growing number of machinery manufacturers are making the leap to smart machinery production, utilizing a combination of automation technology, Internet of Things (IoT), and artificial intelligence (AI).
TAITRA will hold SOURCING TAIWAN 2020- a sourcing event featuring quality suppliers of Machinery x Hand tool x Bicycle x Automotive electronics on July 15th (Wednesday) in Taichung where important industry clusters are based.
Our overseas branch offices will help you with any enquiries. For info on overseas branch offices: https://officeportal.taiwantrade.com/flash/big/unitList.jsp…
▶As of today, Wednesday Feb 19, the COVID-19 outbreak has resulted in a total of 75,277 confirmed cases reported worldwide. As of writing, a total of 23 confirmed cases were found in Taiwan, with 1 of the confirmed cases deceased, 2 cases fully recovered and released from hospital, and the remaining in a stable condition and on the way to a full recovery. The risk of infection to international travelers within Taiwan is considered low to minimal.
▶The latest reports state that the number of total confirmed cases in China, including Hong Kong (62) and Macau (10), is 74,329, followed by a cruise ship currently in international conveyance (542), Singapore (81), Japan (74), Republic of Korea (51), Thailand (35), Taiwan (23), Malaysia (22), Germany (16), Vietnam (16), Australia (15), United States of America (15), France (12).
▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁
【TAITRA renews event schedule amid global outbreak】
⬆Publish Time:2020-02-18
To ensure the health and safety of visitors and exhibitors during the ongoing global COVID-19 outbreak, TAITRA has been working closely with the government and industries to implement the necessary contingency plans. One such measure is to calibrate the schedule of events to more appropriate time frames.
The following is an updated list of schedules:
▶ 台北國際自行車展 Taipei Cycle Show (March 4-7)Rescheduled to May 14-16
▶ Taispo台北體育用品展(March 5-7)Rescheduled to May 14-16
▶ Taiwan Int'l Boat Show 台灣國際遊艇展 (March 12-15)Rescheduled.
🤔Event date is yet to be confirmed.
🔔 Taipei AMPA / Autotronics Taipei/ Motorcycle Taiwan (April 15-18)To be held on schedule
🔔#AutoTronics Taipei (April 15-18) As Above
🔔#MOTORCYCLE TAIWAN (April 15-18)As Above
🔔 2020年馬來西亞銀髮健康照護展AGExpo (April 16-19) To be held on schedule
🔔 Fastener Taiwan 台灣國際扣件展 (April 21-23)
Rescheduled to Oct. 14-16
🔔 台北國際禮品暨文具展 Giftionery Taipei (April 23-26)
😀To be held on schedule
For those who are unable to travel to Taiwan in the upcoming months of March or April but seeking potential Taiwanese suppliers, a global network of 63 #TAITRA branch offices are dedicated to helping businesses connect with quality Taiwanese suppliers and products. Each branch office can provide free and customized sourcing services such as one-on-one meetings via Skype platform for buyers until they can travel to Taiwan at a later time.
The Taiwan medical and healthcare system has been among the most effective in the world in protecting public health and safety. Together with the various stringent measures that have been implemented by the government, TAITRA will continue to closely monitor all situations and keep international visitors to Taiwan well-informed. For business inquiries, TAITRA’s overseas branch offices can be contact at:
https://officeportal.taiwantrade.com/flash/big/unitList.jsp…
***As of today, Tuesday Feb 18, the #COVID-19 outbreak has resulted in a total of 73,380 confirmed cases reported worldwide. As of writing, a total of 22 confirmed cases were found in Taiwan, with 1 of the confirmed cases deceased, 2 cases fully recovered and released from hospital, and the remaining in a stable condition and on the way to a full recovery. The risk of infection to international travelers within Taiwan is considered low to minimal.
**The latest reports state that the number of total confirmed cases in China, including Hong Kong (58) and Macau (10), is 72,555, followed by a cruise ship currently in international conveyance (454), Singapore (77), Japan (66), Thailand (35), Republic of Korea (29), Malaysia (22), Taiwan (22), Germany (16), Vietnam (16), Australia (15), United States of American (15), France (12), UK (9), UAE (9), and Canada (8).
significant other clothing 在 外貿協會 TAITRA Facebook 的精選貼文
📣 #外貿協會 全力協助臺灣產業走 #新型冠狀肺炎 疫情陰霾,將舉辦之國際展覽及活動,完全遵照 #政府規範採取各項預防措施,下列為針對 #國外廠商及買主 所提供之臺灣對疫情防範措施英文說明,歡迎視需要參用轉發! 🙋♂
【EUROPEAN Innovation Week to be held in Taiwan for technology and business collaboration】
The European Commission, the Bureau of Foreign Trade in Taiwan (BOFT), and Enterprise Europe Network (EEN) will jointly host European Innovation Week on 1-5 June, 2020 at the Taipei International Convention Center (TICC) and Taipei Nangang Exibition Center, Hall 1 (TaiNEX 1).
There will be seminars covering various trending topics, including smart manufacturing, smart transportation, robotics, energy, medical equipment, space technology and 5G, as well as discussions on EU's 2020 outlook.
In addition, there will be matchmaking and networking events to facilitate collaborations between EU and Taiwan companies and research institutes. A business matchmaking event will be held on 3 June during COMPUTEX TAIPEI.
Don’t miss the biggest event in Taiwan-EU technology and business.
👉Register for the matchmaking event at: https://eu-taiwan-2020.b2match.io/. Additional information will be made available in April.
🌏TAITRA overseas offices in Europe:
https://officeportal.taiwantrade.com/flash/big/unitList.jsp?lang=en_US#EUROPE
__________________________________________________
【MEDICAL TAIWAN to showcase complete health ecosystem】
⬆Publish Time:2020-02-26
The global market for medical hygiene products, applications, services, and manufacturing has grown significantly in recent years. The mounting impact of the #COVID-19 outbreak has further generated a global surge in demands for epidemic prevention supplies.
Wearing face masks and maintaining hand sanitation are among the most effective ways to combat the COVID-19 outbreak. In an effort to meet domestic demands, early on during the outbreak, the Taiwan government took swift and proactive initiative to work with industries to boost face mask production. In early March, after just a short few weeks, Taiwan will become the second largest face mask manufacturing country.
In addition to face masks, global demands for other epidemic prevention products are growing as well, including consumable alcohol cotton pads, protective clothing, forehead thermometers, medical gloves, infrared sensors, hygiene and disinfecting products. Meanwhile, demands for smart medical devices or equipment have also increased significantly.
TAITRA will hold 台灣國際醫療暨健康照護展 Medical Taiwan on 11-13 June at the TaiNEX 2 exhibition hall. MEDICAL TAIWAN is a one stop platform that showcases a complete health ecosystem in the B2B medical and health industry. In 2019, the show generated a total attendance of over 50,000 visits from 47 countries or regions. Attendance is expected to grow by a further 5% this year.
In conjunction with MEDICAL TAIWAN, Taiwan Medical Component & Manufacturing Expo (MCMEX) will be offering the most comprehensive medical supply chain for medical manufacturing.
In addition, in the Smart Medical Area, there will be most innovative medical robots, telecare Solutions, Wearable Technologies, and medical devices with IoT Applications.
For more info: https://www.medicaltaiwan.com.tw/en_US/index.html
Being a global ICT powerhouse with one of the best health care systems in the world, Taiwan delivers incredible offers in the medical and health industry. MEDICAL TAIWAN is an event that you simply cannot miss. For inquiries, please contact a TAITRA overseas office near you.
▶ #TAITRA overseas offices: https://officeportal.taiwantrade.com/flash/big/unitList.jsp?lang=en_US
▶As of today, Wednesday Feb 26, the COVID-19 outbreak has resulted in a total of 81,006 confirmed cases reported worldwide. As of writing, a total of 32 confirmed cases were reported in Taiwan, with 1 case deceased, 5 cases fully recovered, and the remaining in a stable condition and on the way to recovery.
_________________________________________
【TAITRA committed to safeguard event and exhibition participants at all venues】
⬆Publish Time:2020-02-25
In response to the global covid-19 outbreak, Taiwan took comprehensive and effective measures to protect the health of the public. Taiwan was among the first countries to take early measures to prevent the virus from spreading. In curbing the virus early on, so far a total of 31 cases have been identified, all of which were imported or close contact cases. The risk of infection to international travelers on the island is considered low to minimal.
TAITRA is conducting all events in full and stringent compliance with health and safety regulations. Full measures to ensure the health and safety of exhibitors and visitors are being enforced at all TAITRA venues, including Taipei World Trade Center (TWTC), Taipei Nangang Exhibition Hall 1 & Hall 2 (TaiNEX 1&2), and Taipei International Convention Center (TICC).
The specific measures include:
📌Visitors body temperature control
✓ All visitors (including exhibition workers to the loading docks or parking areas) entering the venues, will have their temperature checked for signs of fever, with infrared thermometer or be guided to go through fully-automatic infrared thermal imaging sensors.
✓ Those who have fevers are not allowed to enter the venues.
📌At the venues
✓ Alcohol-based hand sanitizers are available at every entry as well as needed areas.
✓ Elevators and escalators are sanitized daily, and floor, toilets, corridors, public areas, and air-conditioned rooms are disinfected with diluted bleach or alcohol water every week.
✓ Forced air circulation three times a day to increase indoor air ventilation and accelerate air circulation inside the venues.
✓ Epidemic prevention information or notice board is placed or broadcasted on the display panels for visitors.
📌Organizer staff
✓ All staff encountering visitors must implement self -health management and have their temperature taken every day, and wear facemasks while working.
✓ During large events, extra staff are sent for checkpoints at the entrances, exits, and needed areas for anti-epidemic prevention services.
📌Participant and visitor health
✓ When attending events, all are advised to wear masks and wash their hands or disinfect their hands frequently with hand sanitizer. If a visitor’s temperature is higher than 37.5 degrees Celsius, they can receive on-site assistance immediately.
✓ At large tradeshows, medical staff are stationed nearby.
✓ Anyone displaying symptoms of the novel coronavirus – or any other disease or illness – can expect the highest standards of medical assistance from Taiwan’s world leading healthcare and medical system.
TAITRA is actively implementing all necessary measures to ensure the health and safety of visitors and exhibitors. International visitors can rest assured when visiting Taiwan for events. TAITRA’s overseas offices are ready to assist with all related inquiries.
▶For the latest regulations for international visitors, please reach out to TAITRA overseas offices or see the following website:
https://www.boca.gov.tw/cp-220-5081-c06dc-2.html
▶For info on TAITRA overseas offices: https://officeportal.taiwantrade.com/flash/big/unitList.jsp?lang=en_US
▶As of today, Tuesday Feb 25, the COVID-19 outbreak has resulted in a total of 80,139 confirmed cases reported worldwide. As of writing, a total of 31 confirmed cases were reported in Taiwan, with 1 case deceased, 5 cases fully recovered, and the remaining in a stable condition and on the way to recovery.
_________________________________________________________
【Taiwan’s cultural and creative industries continue to flourish during the COVID-19 outbreak】
⬆Publish Time:2020-02-24
While the #COVID-19 epidemic has continued to spread globally, the delay in the start days of many business operations and schools after the winter break and holidays, in conjunction with various quarantine measures taken internationally, have led to a new wave of business opportunities in the cultural and creative industries.
Specifically, with the fast development of internet and communication technologies, the popularity of physical stores and public areas of entertainment and leisure have reduced and been increasingly replaced by the " digital home economy, " including a growing number of online and mobile applications of products and services in the fields of entertainment, gaming, streaming media, custom-design, home shopping, and a variety of digital content.
🇹🇼Taiwan, while being a global ICT powerhouse, has also continued to flourish in the cultural and creative industries. The total number of innovative companies in these sectors in 2018 was 64,401, a 1.82% increase compared with the previous year. The total sales revenue was NT$879.82 billion, an increase of 5.22%, growing at almost twice the rate of Taiwan's GDP, and accounting for 4.80% of GDP in 2018.
TAITRA will hold a Taiwan Cultural and Creative Industry Matchmaking Event on April 22-23 at Taipei World Trade Center Exhibition Hall 1.
This is a great business opportunity to meet one-on-one with Taiwan’s most interesting product and service providers in the cultural and creative fields, and will cover the following domains:
▶ Online video game products and services
▶ Digital content – animation products and services
▶ Intellectual Property (IP) licensing
▶ Printing design products and services
▶ Fine arts and crafts products
Giftionery & Culture Creative, Taipei (Taipei International gift, stationary & culture creative show) will also be held on April 23 – 26 at Taipei World Trade Center Exhibition Hall 1. For more information: https://www.giftionery.net/en_US/index.html
🔔 Our overseas branch offices will help you with any enquiries.
For information on overseas branch offices: https://officeportal.taiwantrade.com/flash/big/unitList.jsp?lang=en_US
🔔 As of today, Monday Feb 24, the COVID-19 outbreak has resulted in a total of 79,440 confirmed cases reported worldwide. As of writing, a total of 30 confirmed cases were found in Taiwan, with 1 of the confirmed cases deceased, 2 cases fully recovered and released from hospital, and the remaining cases in a stable condition and on the way to a full recovery. The risk of infection to international travelers within Taiwan is considered low to minimal.
🔔 The latest reports state that the number of total confirmed cases in China, including Hong Kong (74) and Macau (10), is 77,234 , followed by 2 cruise ships currently in international conveyance (692), Republic of Korea (763), Italy (152), Japan (147), Singapore (89), Iran (43), Thailand (35), United States of America (35), Taiwan (28), Malaysia (22), Germany (16), Vietnam (16), Australia (15), France (12).
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【Taiwan’s top smart fitness solutions for boosting energy and well-being】
⬆Publish Time:2020-02-21
Given the ongoing #COVID-19 outbreak, it has become even more important to keep one’s immune system up and healthy.
According to the World Health Organization, adults should maintain moderate daily physical activity in order to enhance muscular strength and physical wellness. Doctors also urged that during the epidemic prevention period, regular exercising at home can help increase immunity and resist getting sick.
#Taiwan 🇹🇼exported US$2.12 billion worth of 🤾♂️sporting goods in 2019, up 9.29% from 2018. A significant amount of the increase was driven by the growing fitness and sporting equipment market. Brands from Taiwan are among the top industry players in the world, including Johnson, Dyaco, and SportsArt Fitness, Inc.
This year, #TAITRA will hold the #TaiSPO tradeshow (together with #TAIPEI CYCLE) on 14-16 May at Taipei Nangang Exhibition Center Hall 2 (TaiNEX 2). It is one of the most complete and innovative platforms in the global sporting and fitness industry. The 3-day exhibition will feature A Smart Sport Pavilion to showcase the most innovative sports technologies, as well as the Taiwan Excellence Award Pavilion.
👉See more info: https://www.taispo.com.tw/en_US/index.html
Among the most popular and innovative 2020 TAIWAN Excellence award winners are:
1⃣Verde Treadmill - The first ever treadmill capable of harnessing 75% of human energy and converting it to electricity.
https://www.taiwanexcellence.org/en/award/product/109328
2⃣Cycle Boxer - A breakthrough product featuring a combination of boxing and pedaling for those after a fun and challenging workout.
https://www.taiwanexcellence.org/en/award/product/109062
3⃣Climbmill - Designed for the fitness enthusiast who wants to burn calories while toning body with every step.
https://www.taiwanexcellence.org/en/award/product/109578
🔔TAITRA overseas branch offices will help you with your enquiries.
Our global offices: https://officeportal.taiwantrade.com/flash/big/unitList.jsp?lang=en_US
🔔As of today, Friday Feb. 21, 2020, the COVID-19 outbreak has resulted in a total of 76,795 confirmed cases reported worldwide. As of writing, a total of 26 confirmed cases were found in Taiwan, with 1 of the confirmed cases deceased, 2 cases fully recovered and released from hospital, and the remaining in a stable condition and on the way to a full recovery. The risk of infection to international travelers within Taiwan is considered low to minimal.
***The latest reports state that the number of total confirmed cases in China, including Hong Kong (67) and Macau (10), is 75,619, followed by 2 cruise ships currently in international conveyance (635), Republic of Korea (156), Japan (97), Singapore (84), Thailand (35), Taiwan (26), Malaysia (22), Germany (16), Vietnam (16), Australia (15), United States of America (15), France (12).
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【Taiwan offers automobile industry solution during COVID-19 outbreak】
⬆Publish Time:2020-02-20
The global #COVID-19 outbreak has disrupted the global automobile industry supply chain, causing auto makers and their suppliers to curtail or cease production due to a lack of parts.
Taiwan plays a crucial role in producing high-quality and diversified auto parts, and Taiwanese suppliers specialize in offering customized solutions to fit different needs. In 2019, Taiwan exported US$7 billion worth of auto products globally.
TAITRA will hold the Taipei AMPA / Autotronics Taipei/ Motorcycle Taiwan on April 15-18. The 3-in-1 event includes Taipei AMPA, Autotronics Taipei, and Motorcycle Taiwan. Ranked as one of the top 2 shows in Asia for automobile, motorcycle parts and accessories, it is one of the best business platforms in the global automobile supply chain.
This year, Taipei AMPA will also introduce a new ✨“Automobile Lighting” ✨area where more than 100 exhibitors are to showcase their latest automobile lighting products. Visitors can meet Taiwanese suppliers in 1-on-1 Procurement Meetings and attend a variety of forums.
👉 More info: https://www.taipeiampa.com.tw/en_US/index.html.
All events and activities held by TAITRA for international visitors are conducted in full and stringent compliance with health and safety regulations and there is no danger posed to exhibitions venues in Taiwan.
TAIPEI AMPA exhibition venues, including Taipei Nangang Exhibition Hall 1 & Hall 2, will enforce full measures to ensure hygiene and sanitation. Measures taken to control spread of the coronavirus include the following:
📢 All exhibition areas are disinfected regularly, and personnel and visitors are suggested to wear masks and checked for signs of fever with infrared temperature sensors and forehead thermometers.
📢 Medical staff are stationed on each floor of the exhibition hall and hand sanitizers are available in public areas.
👥Our overseas branch offices will help you with any enquiries. For info on overseas branch offices: https://officeportal.taiwantrade.com/flash/big/unitList.jsp?lang=en_US
▶As of today, Thursday Feb 20, the COVID-19 outbreak has resulted in a total of 75,823 confirmed cases reported worldwide. As of writing, a total of 24 confirmed cases were found in Taiwan, with 1 of the confirmed cases deceased, 2 cases fully recovered and released from hospital, and the remaining in a stable condition and on the way to a full recovery. The risk of infection to international travelers within Taiwan is considered low to minimal.
▶The latest reports state that the number of total confirmed cases in China, including Hong Kong (65) and Macau (10), is 74,727, followed by a cruise ship currently in international conveyance (621), Republic of Korea (104), Singapore (84), Japan (84), Thailand (35), Taiwan (24), Malaysia (22), Germany (16), Vietnam (16), Australia (15), United States of America (15), France (12).
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【Taiwan to be the 2nd largest surgical mask producer】
⬆Publish Time:2020-02-19
Facing a worldwide supply shortage of surgical masks during the global #COVID-19 outbreak, the Taiwan government, fast collaborating with local industry technology research institutes as well as smart-machinery & automation sectors, will increase mask production to meet the demand domestically, and in the process turn Taiwan into the 2nd largest surgical mask producer in the world✨.
The collaboration with industry sectors has effectively reduced the production cycle of mask equipment from 2 months to 1 week and completed 60 production lines from six months to just one month, ready to produce 10 million pieces per day by the end of February to early March.
🇹🇼Taiwan plays a crucial role in global machine tool industry🔧. Taiwan is the 7th largest machine tool maker, with 80% of products exported to 138 countries. The exported value stood at 3.06 billion U.S dollar in 2019, making Taiwan the 5th largest machine tool exporter in the world.
🇹🇼Taiwan’s machinery clusters are based in #Taichung, with over 1,500 machine tool makers and 10,000 satellite firms nearby, enabling flexible production, specialties sharing, and short lead times. Such comprehensive and high-density clusters also made Taiwan’s machine tools industries highly competitive and customer-oriented, offering high quality products through efficient and cost-effective operations.
In recent years, a growing number of machinery manufacturers are making the leap to smart machinery production, utilizing a combination of automation technology, Internet of Things (IoT), and artificial intelligence (AI).
TAITRA will hold SOURCING TAIWAN 2020- a sourcing event featuring quality suppliers of Machinery x Hand tool x Bicycle x Automotive electronics on July 15th (Wednesday) in Taichung where important industry clusters are based.
Our overseas branch offices will help you with any enquiries. For info on overseas branch offices: https://officeportal.taiwantrade.com/flash/big/unitList.jsp?lang=en_US
▶As of today, Wednesday Feb 19, the COVID-19 outbreak has resulted in a total of 75,277 confirmed cases reported worldwide. As of writing, a total of 23 confirmed cases were found in Taiwan, with 1 of the confirmed cases deceased, 2 cases fully recovered and released from hospital, and the remaining in a stable condition and on the way to a full recovery. The risk of infection to international travelers within Taiwan is considered low to minimal.
▶The latest reports state that the number of total confirmed cases in China, including Hong Kong (62) and Macau (10), is 74,329, followed by a cruise ship currently in international conveyance (542), Singapore (81), Japan (74), Republic of Korea (51), Thailand (35), Taiwan (23), Malaysia (22), Germany (16), Vietnam (16), Australia (15), United States of America (15), France (12).
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【TAITRA renews event schedule amid global outbreak】
⬆Publish Time:2020-02-18
To ensure the health and safety of visitors and exhibitors during the ongoing global COVID-19 outbreak, TAITRA has been working closely with the government and industries to implement the necessary contingency plans. One such measure is to calibrate the schedule of events to more appropriate time frames.
The following is an updated list of schedules:
▶ 台北國際自行車展 Taipei Cycle Show (March 4-7)Rescheduled to May 14-16
▶ Taispo台北體育用品展(March 5-7)Rescheduled to May 14-16
▶ Taiwan Int'l Boat Show 台灣國際遊艇展 (March 12-15)Rescheduled.
🤔Event date is yet to be confirmed.
🔔 Taipei AMPA / Autotronics Taipei/ Motorcycle Taiwan (April 15-18)To be held on schedule
🔔#AutoTronics Taipei (April 15-18) As Above
🔔#MOTORCYCLE TAIWAN (April 15-18)As Above
🔔 2020年馬來西亞銀髮健康照護展AGExpo (April 16-19) To be held on schedule
🔔 Fastener Taiwan 台灣國際扣件展 (April 21-23)
Rescheduled to Oct. 14-16
🔔 台北國際禮品暨文具展 Giftionery Taipei (April 23-26)
😀To be held on schedule
For those who are unable to travel to Taiwan in the upcoming months of March or April but seeking potential Taiwanese suppliers, a global network of 63 #TAITRA branch offices are dedicated to helping businesses connect with quality Taiwanese suppliers and products. Each branch office can provide free and customized sourcing services such as one-on-one meetings via Skype platform for buyers until they can travel to Taiwan at a later time.
The Taiwan medical and healthcare system has been among the most effective in the world in protecting public health and safety. Together with the various stringent measures that have been implemented by the government, TAITRA will continue to closely monitor all situations and keep international visitors to Taiwan well-informed. For business inquiries, TAITRA’s overseas branch offices can be contact at:
https://officeportal.taiwantrade.com/flash/big/unitList.jsp?lang=en_US
***As of today, Tuesday Feb 18, the #COVID-19 outbreak has resulted in a total of 73,380 confirmed cases reported worldwide. As of writing, a total of 22 confirmed cases were found in Taiwan, with 1 of the confirmed cases deceased, 2 cases fully recovered and released from hospital, and the remaining in a stable condition and on the way to a full recovery. The risk of infection to international travelers within Taiwan is considered low to minimal.
**The latest reports state that the number of total confirmed cases in China, including Hong Kong (58) and Macau (10), is 72,555, followed by a cruise ship currently in international conveyance (454), Singapore (77), Japan (66), Thailand (35), Republic of Korea (29), Malaysia (22), Taiwan (22), Germany (16), Vietnam (16), Australia (15), United States of American (15), France (12), UK (9), UAE (9), and Canada (8).
significant other clothing 在 Smart Travel Youtube 的最佳解答
泰國官方報導,性工作者中,80%以上是性病帶菌者,此影片純以遊客角度探討曼谷淫業、色情行業陷阱及破解方法。
請用片右下角調高清睇片。
https://youtu.be/-ZuZ0J_wh3U
Also watch:
秋葉原行街,吹水講下日本召妓收費 和酒吧種類Akihabara and tell you charges for prostitution in Japan
https://youtu.be/aRNNp7lAsQs
Souce from Wikipedia:
Prostitution in Thailand has been common in modern Thailand and its predecessor states for centuries. During the Ayutthaya Kingdom (1351–1767), prostitution was legal and taxed,[1]:2 and the state ran brothels.[2] Since 1960, prostitution in Thailand has been de jure illegal. Nevertheless, it was estimated to be worth US$6.4 billion a year in revenue (2015), accounting for a significant portion of the national GDP.[3]
Sex worker perspectives
Were it not for financial pressures, there is evidence that most sex workers would not choose the work. In Sweden and the Netherlands, where prostitution is "...legal, protected, lucrative and safe,..." it is not a popular profession. Greece provides a recent example of the correlation between prostitution and economic destitution: researchers there estimate that the number of people selling sexual services in Greece has soared by 150 percent since the Greek market collapse in 2008.[81] Many sex workers in those countries are imported from south and Southeast Asia. One Thai university student doing sex work to support herself lamented to an interviewer that "my life doesn't give me choices".[82] The president of Thailand's Foundation for Women notes that, "These women may well have the capacity to separate their sex work from their self-identity." In the words of one of the sex workers she interviewed, "Once I met my customer on a street, he tried to approach me. But I ignored him. What right does he have? Outside a brothel, I am a normal woman."[82]
Some "sex workers" claim that actual sex is a minor part of their occupation. An independent sex worker in Chiang Mai says, "...most of her job is having drinks with customers, only involving sex two or three times a month. Akin to a 'professional girlfriend', ...sex workers provide...company to middle class or foreign men. In return, clients will buy her clothing, take her to watch movies...."[82]
Reasons for the prevalence and toleration of prostitution
Social views
Thai society has its own unique set of often contradictory sexual mores. Visiting a prostitute or a paid mistress is not an uncommon, though not necessarily acceptable, behaviour for men. Many Thai women, for example, believe the existence of prostitution actively reduces the incidence of rape.[14] Among many Thai people, there is a general attitude that prostitution has always been, and will always be, a part of the social fabric of Thailand.[14]
According to a 1996 study, the sexual urge of men is perceived by both Thai men and women as being very much stronger than the sexual urge of women. Where women are thought to be able to exercise control over their desires, the sexual urge of men is seen to be "a basic physiological need or instinct". It is also thought by both Thai men and women that men need "an occasional variation in partners". As female infidelity is strongly frowned upon in Thai society, and, according to a 1993 survey, sexual relationships for single women also meets disapproval by a majority of the Thai population, premarital sex, casual sex and extramarital sex with prostitutes is accepted, expected and sometimes even encouraged for Thai men, the latter being perceived as less threatening to a marriage over lasting relationships with a so-called "minor wife".[57]
Another reason contributing to this issue is that ordinary Thais deem themselves tolerant of other people, especially those whom they perceive as downtrodden. This acceptance has allowed prostitution to flourish without much of the extreme social stigma found in other countries. According to a 1996 study, people in Thailand generally disapprove of prostitution, but the stigma for prostitutes is not lasting or severe, especially since many prostitutes support their parents through their work. Some men do not mind marrying former prostitutes.[58] A 2009 study of subjective well-being of prostitutes found that among the sex workers surveyed, sex work had become normalized.[59].....
ウィキペディアのソース:
アユタヤ王国(1351〜1767)では、売春は合法で課税され[1]:2、州は売春宿を経営していました。タイでは法的に違法であり、見通しとしては、年間収益64億米ドル(2015年)に相当すると推定されており、国内GDPのかなりの部分を占めています。
セックスワーカーの視点
経済的圧力がなければ、ほとんどのセックスワーカーは仕事を選択しないという証拠があります。売春が「...合法、保護、有利、安全」であるスウェーデンとオランダでは、人気がありません。職業:ギリシャは、売春と経済的貧困の相関関係の最近の例を提供します:研究者は、ギリシャで性的サービスを販売する人々の数が2008年のギリシャ市場の崩壊以来、150%急増していることを示しています。自分自身をサポートするためにセックスワークをしている大学生の一人は、「私の人生は私に選択肢を与えてくれない」とインタビュアーに嘆き悲しんだ。[82]タイの女性財団の会長は、「これらは女性は、セックスワークを自己同一性から分離する能力を持っているかもしれません。」彼女がインタビューしたセックスワーカーの一人の言葉で、「通りで顧客に会ったら、彼は私に近づこうとしました。しかし、私は彼を無視しました。わ売春宿の外では、私は普通の女性です。」[82].....