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...Continue ReadingSummary of Lebanon. Complete edition / Investman
Lebanon, a small country located in the Middle East region.
There's a Mediterranean coast on the west.
North and East are surrounded by Syria, south bound by Israel.
When I see from the location, it's not difficult to guess.
Conflict and Civil War from neighboring countries
Must impact the economy of this country. Not more or less.
Even Lebanon doesn't have as much oil as other Arab countries in the Middle East region.
But did you know that people in this country have more GDP per capita than Thai people..
So what is the economy of Lebanon now?
Investman will tell you about it.
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Lebanon has an area of only 10,452 square kilometers close to Khon Kaen province.
But there are over 6.8 million population
Making population density in this country up to 650 people per square kilometer.
Density populations come from country's abundance.
Lebanese area is one of the most fertile areas in the Middle East area.
And by the Mediterranean coastline.
This land is so many people have come to colonize as a trade city since thousands of years ago.
Historically, this land was formerly the Phoenician Empire which has been famous for railroading and trade since 3,000 years ago, Kristol.
Before being mixed into the Roman Empire.
When I arrived in the Middle Ages, this land became a Christian community in the Crusade war.
Lebanese lands were taken over by the Ottoman Empire, which was the Muslim Empire until the Ottoman Empire collapsed after losing WWII, the British and France champions.
So the lands were brought into their own mandate.
By France, Mediterranean coastal lands take over.
Subsequently divided into northern Syria, drought and fruitful southern Lebanon.
Lebanese's fertility makes Beirut Capital become a major commercial hub of the region. Lebanese businessmen have developed capital into financial hub.
When rich, money comes to build a beautiful jar house building according to French influence until Beirut is nicknamed ′′ Paris of Middle East
When I get independence from France in July. B.E. 1943
Lebanese independence period, there are more Christians than Muslims.
So there is a national agreement that the president must be Christians.
But then when Muslims are more proportional, they start to offend.
There are several incident of presidential assassination.
Lebanon is the only country in the Middle East with Christians in the highest proportion.
It's about 35 % of the population, while another population of 60 % are Muslims.
Religious conflict led to Lebanese civil war that lasted over 15 years.
Since the year of July. 1975-1975 1990 Damage to the beautiful buildings of Beirut
In terms of the economy.
Lebanon is a fertile country so it exports many crops.
Especially crops growing in a Mediterranean climate.
Grapes, olives, fruits, citrus and nuts, including wine and olive oil.
But agricultural crops are not Lebanese's most important export products..
Lebanon's number 1 export product is 41 % gems and jewelry.
Year 2019, Lebanon exports these products to over 37,000 million baht.
Lebanon doesn't have many sources of minerals or gems.
With regard to Beirut is a trading and financial hub.
A Lebanese businessman is an international trade associate in Africa and Arab countries.
No import tax on mineral assets, metals and jewellery enables Lebanon to import precious mineral from African countries for cheap.
Plus, the smart Lebanese artisans and wage are almost half cheaper than European regional artisans.
Make Beirut one of the key gemstone hubs.
Tabbah company Lebanese jewelry company leaders in jewelry design
There are customers all over the world
Apart from agricultural produce and gems
With Lebanon's foundations of ancient kingdoms.
Lebanon has many ancient landmarks, Roman Theatre, Christ Church.
The Ottoman Mosque is a small country but has more than 5 cultural world heritage.
Tourism is a major economic sector. In 2018, there were 4.7 million tourists.
Make money over 2.6 hundred thousand baht.
Not much population but Lebanon has economic diversity
Make Lebanese economic size 1.8 trillion baht
Lebanese have GDP per capita 267,000 baht.
More than Thai people with GDP per capita, 237,000 baht.
However, since the Civil War in Syria.
Slow down Lebanese's economy, especially tourism sector
By the number of tourists dropped from the highest point in 2012, at 5.5 million to nearly 1 million people.
Reduced income has deficit Lebanon.
Government expenditure increasing, both from economic stimulating policies.
And to support over 1 million Syrian immigrants.
Lebanese public debt skyrocketed to 155 % of GDP
So the government needs to earn more income by trying to tax both cigarettes, oil tax and tax for phone calls via social media from Social Media such as WhatsApp, Facebook Messenger, FaceTime
This causes displeasure to the public that led to violent protests in 2019
Destroyed Lebanon's GDP in 2019, more than 5.6 % negative.
But that wasn't enough..
2020 Lebanon's economy was repeated by the COVID-19 outbreak.
Lebanon has more than 5,000 COVID-19 infected people amid a heavy outbreak in the region, especially neighboring countries like Israel.
Make tourism and economic activity halt
Repeat the broken economy. Let's get worse
Besides that, there was a recent incident unexpectedly..
Big bomb incident 2 ripple at Port Beirut on August 4
Heavy damage to Beirut, Lebanese economic hub.
Government has set for capital to become disaster areas.
And declared an emergency situation for 2 weeks
Nobody knows when this bad thing will end.
2020 was a heavy year for all countries
And the most tough country should have this country in it.. Lebanon
May everything go well.
#PrayForLebanon..
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References
-http://www.worldstopexports.com/lebanons-top-10-exports/
-https://atlas.cid.harvard.edu/countries/124/export-basket
-https://blog.blominvestbank.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lebanese-Jewelry-Industry-Radiant-yet-Opaque1.pdf
-https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?locations=LBTranslated
同時也有1部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過24萬的網紅Kyle Le Dot Net,也在其Youtube影片中提到,http://www.waterbuffalotours.com Remember to mention KYLE in your email! Subscribe Now for MORE Videos: https://goo.gl/tMnTmX Help me keep making vid...
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這裡一直是講「香港遊」的專頁。
香港旅發局裡的員工有話說,自然值得share。
//我們一直向外宣傳,香港是世界其中一個最安全的地方,然而過去這段時間,守護香港安全的,反而是一眾香港市民,我們不時看到警方以清場為名,闖入商場、車站,最終釀成流血衝突。但同一時間,香港人在過去的兩個月,一次又一次向全世界展示最美的風景──遊行人潮如紅海般分開,讓出通道予救傷車及巴士、每次大型遊行後幾乎不留痕跡、示威者會主動保護不相識的外國記者、各區自發出現為大家打氣的連儂牆……向全世界展現香港人優秀的一面。
誠然,示威遊行活動的確會為本地旅遊業帶來影響,但歸根究底,造成此問題的不是示威者,而是特區政府,而自詡「香港母親」的特首林鄭月娥更加責無旁貸。故此,我們促請政府從速正面回應廣大香港市民的五大訴求,特別是必須成立獨立委員會徹查警察濫權,及警黑勾結的指控。
宣傳推廣香港,是我們現在職責,但守護香港,是身為香港人的義務。我們願與每一位愛香港的人同行,大家加油,萬事小心!
The HKTB was always promoting Hong Kong as a safe city to visitors. Yet, during the past weeks, not only did the assault in Yuen Long destroyed this longstanding reputation of Hong Kong, but we also saw the police forcefully disperse the protestors inside a shopping mall, which aggravated the tension and led to standoffs and casualties. On the contrary, we have seen the people of Hong Kong safeguarding the city and epitomising the bright side of humanity during this period of social turmoil - protesters parting ways to let an ambulance pass, collecting and recycling wastes, and protecting foreign journalists and strangers. The Lennon Walls that sprang up across the city also demonstrated the solidarity and determination of the people of Hong Kong to fight for the freedom they rightly deserve.
The protests no doubt have an impact on the tourism industry, it is however not the protestors but the government that is to blame. Carrie Lam, the self-professed “mother” of Hong Kong people, can no longer shed her responsibilities in causing a divided Hong Kong. We hereby solemnly urge the government to respond to the five demands of the people and set up a Commission of Inquiry to seriously look into allegations of the police’s abuse of power and collusion with members of the triads, and give society a truthful explanation.
While it is our job to promote Hong Kong, it is our duty as Hongkongers to protect our city. We stand by all those who love Hong Kong and who are protecting our city. Please stay safe in this historic battle for freedom and justice.//
啱啱收到旅遊發展局職員send message俾我,請我代為發放聲明,80多位旅發局職員聲明如下:
「我們是香港旅遊發展局的一班員工,作為政府資助機構一員,職能是在世界各地宣傳和推廣香港為旅遊勝地。近期,本港不同專業團體、政府部門及公營機構員工,均先後就《逃犯條例》修訂引起的連串爭議發聲,我們亦希望表達我們的聲音。
過去兩個月,我們見到我們熱愛的香港變得不一樣──數以百萬計市民接連走上街頭,表達反對《逃犯條例》修訂,甚至有市民以死相諫,但依然得不到政府的正面回應,反以「暫緩」、「壽終正寢」等語言偽術,企圖蒙混過關。更甚的是,政府縱容警方濫用暴力,以催淚彈、布袋彈、橡膠子彈及海綿彈等對付示威者,甚至是記者、議員,令整個香港徹底撕裂。
最令我們痛心的是7月21日當晚,我們看到白衣暴徒衝入西鐵車廂,無差別攻擊市民,而警方卻遲遲未有到場,附近警署反而落閘,999又未能打通,種種跡象,無法不令人質疑,這是警黑勾結的大龍鳳。警方事後竟然還要砌辭狡辯,指因為大部分警力調配至上環,以致需要花39分鐘時間才能調動足夠警力到場。而特首林鄭月娥更將中聯辦及上環的示威活動,與元朗恐襲混為一談,言談間認為國徽較市民人身安全更重要,實在令我們非常憤怒。
我們一直向外宣傳,香港是世界其中一個最安全的地方,然而過去這段時間,守護香港安全的,反而是一眾香港市民,我們不時看到警方以清場為名,闖入商場、車站,最終釀成流血衝突。但同一時間,香港人在過去的兩個月,一次又一次向全世界展示最美的風景──遊行人潮如紅海般分開,讓出通道予救傷車及巴士、每次大型遊行後幾乎不留痕跡、示威者會主動保護不相識的外國記者、各區自發出現為大家打氣的連儂牆……向全世界展現香港人優秀的一面。
誠然,示威遊行活動的確會為本地旅遊業帶來影響,但歸根究底,造成此問題的不是示威者,而是特區政府,而自詡「香港母親」的特首林鄭月娥更加責無旁貸。故此,我們促請政府從速正面回應廣大香港市民的五大訴求,特別是必須成立獨立委員會徹查警察濫權,及警黑勾結的指控。
宣傳推廣香港,是我們現在職責,但守護香港,是身為香港人的義務。我們願與每一位愛香港的人同行,大家加油,萬事小心!
We are a group of staff members of the Hong Kong Tourism Board. As employees of a government-subvented organisation tasked with promoting Hong Kong to visitors worldwide, we would like to join other public bodies, civil servants and professional organisations in expressing our indignation over the incidents in the past weeks that were triggered by the proposed extradition bill.
In the recent two months, the city we once proudly called home and a world-class travel destination has undergone drastic changes. Over a million Hong Kong residents have taken to the street to voice their opposition against the proposed extradition bill. Gripped by a sense of helplessness and despair about the bill and the degradation of Hong Kong’s political landscape, some even took their own lives. Despite all these, the government regrettably refused to respond directly to the demands of the people - whom it is supposed to serve - to withdraw the bill, but rather employed double-talk in an attempt to fool the public. And to further split society asunder, the government gave the police tacit approval to use unnecessary violence, from tear gas to beanbag rounds, react rounds and rubber bullets, on the protestors, most of whom were unarmed and adhering to the etiquette of peaceful demonstration, and even on journalists and legislators.
What saddened and outraged us the most, however, was seeing thugs dressed in white beating people indiscriminately in Yuen Long MTR station in the evening of July 21. Not only did the police arrive at the scene unreasonably late, but they even closed the doors of the police stations when people tried to get help, while the emergency hotline 999 could not be got through. It is difficult to make sense of such police behaviour, which all seem to suggest collusion with the attackers. The police’s explanation that the 39 minutes in delay for the police to arrive at the crime scene was a result of the deployment of the majority of the police force - which comprises about 30,000 members of staff - to Sheung Wan sounded like nothing but an excuse.
At the media stand-up the day following the attack, Chief Executive Carrie Lam clearly attached greater importance to the protest in Sheung Wan which was political in nature than the violence that took place in Yuen Long which caused bodily harm to innocent people, and to a large extend, equivocate the natures between the two. In fact, she even agreed at one point that the national emblem was more valuable than the lives of the assault victims. Such disregard for human rights and ethical principles is hair-raising.
The HKTB was always promoting Hong Kong as a safe city to visitors. Yet, during the past weeks, not only did the assault in Yuen Long destroyed this longstanding reputation of Hong Kong, but we also saw the police forcefully disperse the protestors inside a shopping mall, which aggravated the tension and led to standoffs and casualties. On the contrary, we have seen the people of Hong Kong safeguarding the city and epitomising the bright side of humanity during this period of social turmoil - protesters parting ways to let an ambulance pass, collecting and recycling wastes, and protecting foreign journalists and strangers. The Lennon Walls that sprang up across the city also demonstrated the solidarity and determination of the people of Hong Kong to fight for the freedom they rightly deserve.
The protests no doubt have an impact on the tourism industry, it is however not the protestors but the government that is to blame. Carrie Lam, the self-professed “mother” of Hong Kong people, can no longer shed her responsibilities in causing a divided Hong Kong. We hereby solemnly urge the government to respond to the five demands of the people and set up a Commission of Inquiry to seriously look into allegations of the police’s abuse of power and collusion with members of the triads, and give society a truthful explanation.
While it is our job to promote Hong Kong, it is our duty as Hongkongers to protect our city. We stand by all those who love Hong Kong and who are protecting our city. Please stay safe in this historic battle for freedom and justice.」
social impact of tourism 在 元毓 Facebook 的最佳解答
根據計算,100萬人遊行隊伍要從維多利亞公園排到廣東;200萬人遊行則要排到泰國。
順道一提香港15~30歲人口約莫100出頭萬人。以照片人群幾乎都是此年齡帶來看,兩個數字都是明顯誇大太多了。
另一個可以參考的是1969年的Woodstock Music & Art Fair,幾天內湧進40萬人次,照片看起來也是滿山滿谷的人。(http://sites.psu.edu/…/upl…/sites/851/2013/01/Woodstock3.jpg)
當年40萬人次引發驚人的大塞車,幾乎花十幾個小時才逐漸清場。
而香港遊行清場速度明顯快得多。
順道一提,因此運動而認定「你的父母不愛你」的白痴論述也如同文化大革命時的「爹親娘親不如毛主席親」般開始出現:
https://www.facebook.com/SaluteToHKPolice/videos/350606498983830/UzpfSTUyNzM2NjA3MzoxMDE1NjMyMTM4NjY3MTA3NA/
EVERY MAJOR NEWS outlet in the world is reporting that two million people, well over a quarter of our population, joined a single protest.
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It’s an astonishing thought that filled an enthusiastic old marcher like me with pride. Unfortunately, it’s almost certainly not true.
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A march of two million people would fill a street that was 58 kilometers long, starting at Victoria Park in Hong Kong and ending in Tanglangshan Country Park in Guangdong, according to one standard crowd estimation technique.
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If the two million of us stood in a queue, we’d stretch 914 kilometers (568 miles), from Victoria Park to Thailand. Even if all of us marched in a regiment 25 people abreast, our troop would stretch towards the Chinese border.
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Yes, there was a very large number of us there. But getting key facts wrong helps nobody. Indeed, it could hurt the protesters more than anyone.
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For math geeks only, here’s a discussion of the actual numbers that I hope will interest you whatever your political views.
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DO NUMBERS MATTER?
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People have repeatedly asked me to find out “the real number” of people at the recent mass rallies in Hong Kong.
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I declined for an obvious reason: There was a huge number of us. What does it matter whether it was hundreds of thousands or a million? That’s not important.
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But my critics pointed out that the word “million” is right at the top of almost every report about the marches. Clearly it IS important.
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FIRST, THE SCIENCE
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In the west, drone photography is analyzed to estimate crowd sizes.
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This reporter apologizes for not having found a comprehensive database of drone images of the Hong Kong protests.
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But we can still use related methods, such as density checks, crowd-flow data and impact assessments. Universities which have gathered Hong Kong protest march data using scientific methods include Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, University of Hong Kong, and Hong Kong Baptist University.
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DENSITY CHECKS
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Figures gathered in the past by Hong Kong Polytechnic specialists using satellite photo analysis found a density level of one square meter per marcher. Modern analysis suggests this remains roughly accurate.
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I know from experience that Hong Kong marches feature long periods of normal spacing (one square meter or one and half per person, walking) and shorter periods of tight spacing (half a square meter or less per person, mostly standing).
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JOINERS AND SPEED
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We need to include people who join halfway. In the past, a Hong Kong University analysis using visual counting methods cross-referenced with one-on-one interviews indicated that estimates should be boosted by 12% to accurately reflect late joiners. These days, we’re much more generous in estimating joiners.
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As for speed, a Hong Kong Baptist University survey once found a passing rate of 4,000 marchers every ten minutes.
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Videos of the recent rallies indicates that joiner numbers and stop-start progress were highly erratic and difficult to calculate with any degree of certainty.
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DISTANCE MULTIPLIED BY DENSITY
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But scientists have other tools. We know the walking distance between Victoria Park and Tamar Park is 2.9 kilometers. Although there was overspill, the bulk of the marchers went along Hennessy Road in Wan Chai, which is about 25 meters (or 82 feet) wide, and similar connected roads, some wider, some narrower.
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Steve Doig, a specialist in crowd analysis approached by the Columbia Journalism Review (CJR), analyzed an image of Hong Kong marchers to find a density level of 7,000 people in a 210-meter space. Although he emphasizes that crowd estimates are never an exact science, that figure means one million Hong Kong marchers would need a street 18.6 miles long – which is 29 kilometers.
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Extrapolating these figures for the June 16 claim of two million marchers, you’d need a street 58 kilometers long.
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Could this problem be explained away by the turnover rate of Hong Kong marchers, which likely allowed the main (three kilometer) route to be filled more than once?
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The answer is yes, to some extent. But the crowd would have to be moving very fast to refill the space a great many times over in a single afternoon and evening. It wasn’t. While I can walk the distance from Victoria Park to Tamar in 41 minutes on a quiet holiday afternoon, doing the same thing during a march takes many hours.
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More believable: There was a huge number of us, but not a million, and certainly not two million.
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IMPACT MEASUREMENTS
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A second, parallel way of analyzing the size of the crowd is to seek evidence of the effects of the marchers’ absence from their normal roles in society.
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If we extract two million people out of a population of 7.4 million, many basic services would be severely affected while many others would grind to a complete halt.
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Manpower-intensive sectors of society, such as transport, would be badly affected by mass absenteeism. Industries which do their main business on the weekends, such as retail, restaurants, hotels, tourism, coffee shops and so on would be hard hit. Round-the-clock operations such as hospitals and emergency services would be severely troubled, as would under-the-radar jobs such as infrastructure and utility maintenance.
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There seems to be no evidence that any of that happened in Hong Kong.
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HOW DID WE GET INTO THIS MESS?
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To understand that, a bit of historical context is necessary.
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In 2003, a very large number of us walked from Victoria Park to Central. The next day, newspapers gave several estimates of crowd size.
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The differences were small. Academics said it was 350,000 plus. The police counted 466,000. The organizers, a group called the Civil Rights Front, rounded it up to 500,000.
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No controversy there. But there was trouble ahead.
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THINGS FALL APART
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At a repeat march the following year, it was obvious to all of us that our numbers were far lower that the previous year. The people counting agreed: the academics said 194,000 and the police said 200,000.
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But the Civil Rights Front insisted that there were MORE than the previous year’s march: 530,000 people.
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The organizers lost credibility even with us, their own supporters. To this day, we all quote the 2003 figure as the high point of that period, ignoring their 2004 invention.
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THE TRUTH COUNTS
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The organizers had embarrassed the marchers. The following year several organizations decided to serve us better, with detailed, scientific counts.
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After the 2005 march, the academics said the headcount was between 60,000 and 80,000 and the police said 63,000. Separate accounts by other independent groups agreed that it was below 100,000.
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But the organizers? The Civil Rights Front came out with the awkward claim that it was a quarter of a million. Ouch. (This data is easily confirmed from multiple sources in newspaper archives.)
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AN UNEXPECTED TWIST
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But then came a twist. Some in the Western media chose to present ONLY the organizer’s “outlier” claim.
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“Dressed in black and chanting ‘one man, one vote’, a quarter of a million people marched through Hong Kong yesterday,” said the Times of London in 2005.
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“A quarter of a million protesters marched through Hong Kong yesterday to demand full democracy from their rulers in Beijing,” reported the UK Independent.
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It became obvious that international media outlets were committed to emphasizing whichever claim made the Hong Kong government (and by extension, China) look as bad as possible. Accuracy was nowhere in the equation.
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STRATEGICALLY CHOSEN
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At universities in Hong Kong, there were passionate discussions about the apparent decision to pump up the numbers as a strategy, with the international media in mind. Activists saw two likely positive outcomes.
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First, anyone who actually wanted the truth would choose a middle point as the “real” number: thus it was worth making the organizers’ number as high as possible. (The police could be presented as corrupt puppets of Beijing.)
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Second, international reporters always favored the largest number, since it implicitly criticized China. Once the inflated figure was established in the Western media, it would become the generally accepted figure in all publications.
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Both of the activists’ predictions turned out to be bang on target. In the following years, headcounts by social scientists and police were close or even impressively confirmed the other—but were ignored by the agenda-driven international media, who usually printed only the organizers’ claims.
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SKIP THIS SECTION
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Skip this section unless you want additional examples to reinforce the point.
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In 2011, researchers and police said that between 63,000 and 95,000 of us marched. Our delightfully imaginative organizers multiplied by four to claim there were 400,000 of us.
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In 2012, researchers and police produced headcounts similar to the previous year: between 66,000 and 97,000. But the organizers claimed that it was 430,000. (These data can also be easily confirmed in any newspaper archive.)
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SKIP THIS SECTION TOO
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Unless you’re interested in the police angle. Why are police figures seen as lower than others? On reviewing data, two points emerge.
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First, police estimates rise and fall with those of independent researchers, suggesting that they function correctly: they are not invented. Many are slightly lower, but some match closely and others are slightly higher. This suggests that the police simply have a different counting method.
.
Second, police sources explain that live estimates of attendance are used for “effective deployment” of staff. The number of police assigned to work on the scene is a direct reflection of the number of marchers counted. Thus officers have strong motivation to avoid deliberately under-estimating numbers.
.
.
RECENT MASS RALLIES
.
Now back to the present: this hot, uncomfortable summer.
.
Academics put the 2019 June 9 rally at 199,500, and police at 240,000. Some people said the numbers should be raised or even doubled to reflect late joiners or people walking on parallel roads. Taking the most generous view, this gave us total estimates of 400,000 to 480,000.
.
But the organizers, God bless them, claimed that 1.03 million marched: this was four times the researchers’ conservative view and more than double the generous view.
.
The addition of the “.03m” caused a bit of mirth among social scientists. Even an academic writing in the rabidly pro-activist Hong Kong Free Press struggled to accept it. “Undoubtedly, the anti-amendment group added the extra .03 onto the exact one million figure in order to give their estimate a veneer of accuracy,” wrote Paul Stapleton.
.
.
MIND-BOGGLING ESTIMATE
.
But the vast majority of international media and social media printed ONLY the organizers’ eyebrow-raising claim of a million plus—and their version soon fed back into the system and because the “accepted” number. (Some mentioned other estimates in early reports and then dropped them.)
.
The same process was repeated for the following Sunday, June 16, when the organizers’ frankly unbelievable claim of “about two million” was taken as gospel in the majority of international media.
.
“Two million people in Hong Kong protest China's growing influence,” reported Fox News.
.
“A record two million people – over a quarter of the city’s population” joined the protest, said the Guardian this morning.
.
“Hong Kong leader apologizes as TWO MILLION take to the streets,” said the Sun newspaper in the UK.
.
Friends, colleagues, fellow journalists—what happened to fact-checking? What happened to healthy skepticism? What happened to attempts at balance?
.
.
CONCLUSIONS?
.
I offer none. I prefer that you do your own research and draw your own conclusions. This is just a rough overview of the scientific and historical data by a single old-school citizen-journalist working in a university coffee shop.
.
I may well have made errors on individual data points, although the overall message, I hope, is clear.
.
Hong Kong people like to march.
.
We deserve better data.
.
We need better journalism. Easily debunked claims like “more than a quarter of the population hit the streets” help nobody.
.
International media, your hostile agendas are showing. Raise your game.
.
Organizers, stop working against the scientists and start working with them.
.
Hong Kong people value truth.
.
We’re not stupid. (And we’re not scared of math!)
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