‼️Breaking‼️突發‼️
美國財政部周四按《全球馬格尼茨基人權問責法》(The Global Magnitsky Act),宣佈制裁4名中國人及新疆公安局,其中包括新疆黨委書記陳全國、前政法委書記朱海侖、新疆維吾爾自治區政府副主席王明山,以及現任新疆維吾爾自治區公安廳黨委書記霍留軍,指他們涉及嚴重侵犯新疆少數民族的人權。
“Treasury Sanctions Chinese Entity and Officials Pursuant to Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act...
‼️Breaking‼️突發‼️
美國財政部周四按《全球馬格尼茨基人權問責法》(The Global Magnitsky Act),宣佈制裁4名中國人及新疆公安局,其中包括新疆黨委書記陳全國、前政法委書記朱海侖、新疆維吾爾自治區政府副主席王明山,以及現任新疆維吾爾自治區公安廳黨委書記霍留軍,指他們涉及嚴重侵犯新疆少數民族的人權。
“Treasury Sanctions Chinese Entity and Officials Pursuant to Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act
July 9, 2020
Washington – Today, the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) sanctioned one Chinese government entity and four current or former government officials in connection with serious rights abuses against ethnic minorities in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR). These designations include Chen Quanguo, the Communist Party Secretary of XUAR, and Zhu Hailun, a former Deputy Party Secretary of the XUAR. Also designated today is the Xinjiang Public Security Bureau (XPSB), as well as the current Director and Communist Party Secretary of the XPSB, Wang Mingshan, and the former Party Secretary of the XPSB, Huo Liujun. The entity and officials are being designated for their connection to serious human rights abuse against ethnic minorities in Xinjiang, which reportedly include mass arbitrary detention and severe physical abuse, among other serious abuses targeting Uyghurs, a Turkic Muslim population indigenous to Xinjiang, and other ethnic minorities in the region.
“The United States is committed to using the full breadth of its financial powers to hold human rights abusers accountable in Xinjiang and across the world,” said Secretary Steven T. Mnuchin.
This action is being taken pursuant to Executive Order (E.O.) 13818, “Blocking the Property of Persons Involved in Serious Human Rights Abuse or Corruption,” which builds upon and implements the Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act.
These designations are the latest U.S. government actions in an ongoing effort to deter human rights abuses in the Xinjiang region. On July 1, 2020, the U.S. Department of State, along with the U.S. Department of the Treasury, the U.S. Department of Commerce, and the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, issued the Xinjiang Supply Chain Business Advisory, advising businesses with potential supply chain exposure to Xinjiang to consider the reputational, economic, and legal risks of involvement with entities that engage in human rights abuses in Xinjiang, such as forced labor. On May 22, 2020, the U.S. Department of Commerce added nine PRC entities related to human rights abuses in the Xinjiang region to the Commerce Entity List; this action complemented the October 2019 addition to the Commerce Entity List of 28 entities engaged in the PRC repression campaign in the Xinjiang region. Also, in October 2019, the U.S. Department of State announced a visa restriction policy under section 212 (a)(3)(C) of the Immigration and Nationality Act for PRC and Chinese Communist Party (CCP) officials responsible for, or complicit in, human rights abuses in Xinjiang.
CHEN QUANGUO AND ZHU HAILUN
The Xinjiang region in western China is home to Uyghurs, ethnic Kazakhs, ethnic Kyrgyz, and other traditionally Muslim minority groups. XUAR is the regional government of Xinjiang and falls under the governance of the PRC. Chen Quanguo (Chen) is the Party Secretary of the XUAR, a position he was appointed to in 2016, following Chen’s notorious history of intensifying security operations in the Tibetan Autonomous Region to tighten control over the Tibetan ethnic minorities. While Chen was already known for his ability to control “ethnic unrest,” when he got to Xinjiang, he had a deputy who understood the Xinjiang region, Zhu Hailun (Zhu), who for the past few decades had held several positions in the Chinese Communist Party, prior to holding the position of Party Secretary of the Xinjiang Political and Legal Committee (XPLC) from 2016 to 2019. In this role, Zhu was responsible for maintaining internal security and law enforcement in the XUAR; while Zhu left this role in 2019, he still currently serves as the Deputy Secretary of Xinjiang’s People’s Congress, a regional legislative body. Following his arrival to the region, Chen began implementing a comprehensive surveillance, detention, and indoctrination program in Xinjiang, targeting Uyghurs and other ethnic minorities through the XPSB.
As a part of Chen’s plans, the large-scale construction of mass detention camps, labelled “training centers,” greatly escalated in 2017, and as the Party Secretary of the XPLC, Zhu established the policies and procedures for managing these detention camps with the purported goal of using the camps to fight terrorism and maintain stability. Zhu’s policies outlined how the detention camps would operate, to include not allowing “escapes” and “abnormal deaths.” At the same time, former detainees of these detention camps report that deaths occurred among fellow detainees after torture and abuse at the hands of the security officials. A large focus of these detention camps was constant surveillance, even while detainees remain totally cut off from the outside world.
Chen is being designated for being a foreign person who is or has been a leader or official of an entity, including any government entity, that has engaged in, or whose members have engaged in serious human rights abuse relating to the leader’s or official’s tenure, and Zhu is being designated for being a foreign person who is responsible for or complicit in, or has directly or indirectly engaged in, serious human rights abuse.
REPRESSION IN THE XUAR: XINJIANG PUBLIC SECURITY BUREAU, HUO LIUJUN, AND WANG MINGSHAN
Since at least late 2016, repressive tactics have been used by the XPSB against the Uyghurs and members of other ethnic minority groups in the region, including mass detentions and surveillance. The PRC’s surveillance has targeted members of religious and ethnic minority groups, as the Chinese government treats almost all expressions of faith as a sign of religious “extremism” or ethnic separatism. Targets of this surveillance are often detained and reportedly subjected to various methods of torture and “political reeducation.” According to press reporting, since at least 2017, more than one million Muslims have been held in these camps.
Under the command of Huo Liujun (Huo), leader of the XPSB from at least March 2017 to 2018, and Wang Mingshan (Wang), leader of the XPSB since at least May 2018, the XPSB has deployed the “Integrated Joint Operations Platform” (IJOP), an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-assisted computer system that created biometric records for millions of Uyghurs in the Xinjiang region. The XPSB, through the IJOP, uses digital surveillance systems to track Uyghurs’ movements and activities, to include surveilling who they interact with and what they read. In turn, IJOP uses this data to determine which persons could be potential threats; according to reports, some of these individuals are subsequently detained and sent to detention camps, being held indefinitely without charges or trial. The IJOP AI platform is one of the first examples of governments using AI for racial profiling. According to press reporting, the IJOP technology looks exclusively for Uyghurs, based on their appearance, and keeps records of their movements. The mass detention of Uyghurs is part of an effort by PRC authorities to use detentions and data-driven surveillance to create a police state in the Xinjiang region.
The XPSB is being designated for being a foreign person responsible for, or complicit in, or that has directly or indirectly engaged in, serious human rights abuse. Huo and Wang are each being designated for being a foreign person who is or has been a leader or official of an entity whose property and interests in property are blocked pursuant to E.O. 13818 as a result of activities related to the leaders’ or officials’ tenure.
SANCTIONS IMPLICATIONS
As a result of today’s action, all property and interests in property of the entity and individuals named above, and of any entities that are owned, directly or indirectly, 50 percent or more by them, individually, or with other blocked persons, that are in the United States or in the possession or control of U.S. persons, are blocked and must be reported to OFAC. Unless authorized by a general or specific license issued by OFAC or otherwise exempt, OFAC’s regulations generally prohibit all transactions by U.S. persons or within (or transiting) the United States that involve any property or interests in property of designated or otherwise blocked persons. The prohibitions include the making of any contribution or provision of funds, goods, or services by, to, or for the benefit of any blocked person or the receipt of any contribution or provision of funds, goods or services from any such person.
GLOBAL MAGNITSKY
Building upon the Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act, the President signed E.O. 13818 on December 20, 2017, in which the President found that the prevalence of human rights abuse and corruption that have their source, in whole or in substantial part, outside the United States, had reached such scope and gravity that it threatens the stability of international political and economic systems. Human rights abuse and corruption undermine the values that form an essential foundation of stable, secure, and functioning societies; have devastating impacts on individuals; weaken democratic institutions; degrade the rule of law; perpetuate violent conflicts; facilitate the activities of dangerous persons; and undermine economic markets. The United States seeks to impose tangible and significant consequences on those who commit serious human rights abuse or engage in corruption, as well as to protect the financial system of the United States from abuse by these same persons.”
https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sm1055
「system profiling」的推薦目錄:
system profiling 在 黃中岳談吉他 Facebook 的精選貼文
{{ 貳. 談談電吉他相關 }}_05
上週聊到以『IR』技術來取代電吉他音箱『箱體』的相關資訊,這個技術發展的主要取向,應該是為了滿足越來越多的『宅錄』需求,以及在現代化的生活空間,如何讓樂器的練習、工作『音量』能與鄰居保持一種『禮貌的距離』。在這個前提之下,我們得要先認知的一個重要的妥協是:它一定與你『裸聽』的電吉他音箱音色有必然的差異!因為,『裸聽』指的是:你的電吉他加上音箱的整體聲音是靠空氣振動傳送到你的耳朵,而這一類科技產品所服務的後端,通常是『耳機』或是『監聽喇叭』,前者幾乎不太會有足夠的空氣振動,而且 … 我們大概不太會去購買價格等同於音箱箱體的耳機 (我是說,先想一下我們用的是多少錢的耳機) 來執行手上相關的音樂工作;而後者 … 我們選用的監聽喇叭,在單體的尺寸上,大多都小於音箱箱體選用的單體尺寸,因此,想在這樣的聽覺環境差異下去要求這些科技產品要多麼相似於樂器實體,大概就是一種緣木求魚的執念而已。
如果真的要順著這個執念來對比這些器材的音色表現,我覺得,可能你要先『監聽』過『究竟你的音箱錄起來的聲音』是長得如何,才能有比較客觀的依據來進行實質的論證。
而如果你可以隨時隨地都很方便地錄下你音箱的聲音,那 … 我們好像也就不用選擇這些『替代性方案』來妥協些什麼了。
[二. 電吉他相關器材研討]_03
在現今商用市場上,搭配了『IR』技術來滿足『靜音式』宅錄、練習的中、高價主流商品,大概分為兩種派別:一. 類比/數位混合式,譬如 Two notes Torpedo 系列相關產品 (https://www.two-notes.com/en/torpedo-studio ,從高端 2U 機櫃式到地板式各類型),以及 UNIVERSAL AUDIO OX AMP TOP BOX (https://www.uaudio.com/hardware/ox.html )。二. 純數位式,譬如 Kemper Amps (https://www.kemper-amps.com/ ) 與 FRACTAL AUDIO SYSTEM (https://www.fractalaudio.com/ )。
在純數位式器材的領域裡,其實有許多知名品牌去發展了電腦內直接可用的 Plug-in 式 VST/AU 軟體音源 (譬如這個討論串所列舉的: https://theproaudiofiles.com/best-amp-simulator-plugins/ );但這類型的產品會有兩個特徵讓我有些疑慮:其一,通常這些軟體只需要將你的吉他直接插入你的 Sound Card Interface,就可以叫出軟體啓動來使用,我所疑慮的就是『你的 Sound Card Interface』本身在類比/數位的轉換機制 (AD/DA) 夠不夠好。其二,這些軟體通常都在使用你電腦本身 CPU 的運算,如果你同時也在運行 DAW 來錄製這個聲音,對於 CPU 所額外增加的負擔是否會影響效能、進而影響的音色品質,我同樣有所疑慮。在我個人的實際使用上,我通常會選用這些軟體音色的『部份功能』(譬如只單純使用它們的箱體模擬部份、而關掉前後級的模擬運算) 來協助我其他『核心錄音器材』所錄下來的聲音,做一些必要或預期的渲染,而比較不會將這類軟體音源當做『核心錄音音色』。
五年多之前,我曾經在『當代樂手』論壇發表過一篇關於『Two notes Torpedo Live』這個器材的使用心得: https://modernmusician.com/forums/index.php?threads/two-notes-torpedo-live%E8%A9%A6%E7%94%A8%E5%BF%83%E5%BE%97-preamp%E7%AF%87.198424/ ,五年之後來看,雖然市場上各品牌的數位技術突飛猛進,但某種『三分天下』大勢底定的局面似乎還維持著同樣的均勢。不過,這段時間以來我在相關器材的使用經驗上也略有增長,所以想在此做一些小小的意見補充:
1. 關於『Two notes Torpedo Live』~ 雖然這個型號的產品好像在官網的系列產品中消失,但我仍然認為這個器材是我在這類型『靜音式』功能產品中評價最高的選擇。不過,我也實際驗證,如果音箱頭要直接連結這個產品,我會建議還是單純連接前級的部份,而使用 Torpedo Live 的後級管模擬 (Tube Power Amp Sim ),在音色上會比較自然而有彈性。也就是說,雖然這個器材可以直接承受來自音箱頭的後級訊號 (因為本身配置了 Digital Loadbox),但在音色的呈現上,來自音箱頭的真空管音色會顯得有點兒過度壓縮,反而不如器材本身所配置的真空管模擬的那種溫暖、呼吸感。也許,這在 Torpedo 系列中的最高階產品會好一些?不論如何,我會覺得『Live』這個型號,是更趨向於『前級協作』的用途;因此,也許你在音箱頭的選擇上,選擇具有『Preamp Send』的訊號插孔配置的會比較理想。
2. 關於『FRACTAL』~ 這家公司仍然保持著不斷更新韌體的優良傳統!到了號稱『量子運算 (Quantum) 版本 10』的今日技術,在相對來說更難表現的 Low Gain、Clean Tone,都已經比五年前更有顯著的進步。許多玩家在使用這個器材時所感到『電電的』那種感覺,其實是因為這些運算法可能都太想強調它們在『高頻泛音』可以表現得多好,以致於許多音色在高頻都有點兒氾濫。我會建議使用這個器材錄音時,可以從硬體本身、或是從外部 DAW,在 7 kHz 以上做適度的 High Cut --- 你可以想像這樣做會比較能夠去『集中』吉他該有的『中頻特性』,做過這樣的處理之後,你會發現這種『運算型』的器材,事實上能提供的調變幅度與像真度,已經非常理想了。
其次,我會建議你直接用它的『數位輸出』接到你的 Sound card Interface,而不要從『類比輸出』接到聲音介面,以求取最完整的音色直入。另外,因為這個器材所能提供的調變參數真的複雜得可以,我也會建議你可以多在 Youtube 搜尋眾多玩家調整音色時會去關注的細節選項,而不要直接選擇了預設的音色就希望它能為你帶來多麼驚人的仿真度。
譬如這個: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gDaJ9cfRYwM
3. 關於『Kemper』~ 這個『照相機』式的高階取樣器材,你很可能會忘記它被設計出來的初衷:你本身有一整組非常優秀的音箱組合,你所調出來的音色就是你日思夜想地那麼完美;可是問題是,它太笨重了!你沒辦法將這整組器材隨身帶著走,所以有了『Kemper』!在經過有點兒可怕但也不會太複雜的取樣動作後 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WTkOSzpfPAI ),你可以帶著這個器材,在任何地方,只要你用的是同一把琴,你都可以完美呈現你當時調出來的音色。
Kemper Profiling Amp 最理想的用法,是取樣你自己的音色來重現。
你一定有過這樣的經驗:拿起別人剛剛彈過的吉他 + 效果器 + 音箱,明明什麼參數都沒有改變,你一彈下去,就是與前一位吉他手彈出來的聲音不一樣。
Kemper Profiling Amp 最引以為傲的,就是在網路世界裡有多到不可勝數的玩家提供了各式各樣厲害的音色 Profile 可以直接分享使用;但這裡面的問題是,你與原取樣者可能用的不是同一把琴,你們彈奏的力度可能也相去甚遠,所以,使用其他人的 Profile,在邏輯上,其實都不是那麼原音重現。
雖然 Kemper 神奇的地方就在於:你還是可以去調整所有必要的音箱參數,但那個功能就好像你可以在你的智慧手機去針對一張照片做各種濾鏡、各種曝光程度種種,去做各種有趣的編輯 --- 只是,它相對於原始的照片,其實是越來越扭曲的。
當然,因為這個取樣器材真的做得非常好,所以,你即使是用了別人的取樣檔案,你還是可以感覺到那種『拳拳到肉』的實在感;我只是想在這裡解釋,這臺機器最理想的應用方式,其實真的是『拷貝你自己』。
4. 關於『OX AMP TOP BOX』~ 雖然我還沒能實際使用過,但在大量觀看相關的示範與使用心得後,我大膽推測,這可能會是非常非常厲害的終極武器!唯一的問題是:如果考量整體的價格 …… 我覺得上面三種器材選項,應該會是比較有人性的方案。
同樣的症狀也發生在 Line 6 Helix (https://line6.com/helix/ ) 這個核子航空母艦上。它無疑絕對是 Line 6 這個品牌的跨世紀黑科技代表作,但從性價比的角度來說,我覺得它會是叫好不叫座的產品 --- 否則,它就不會在這麼短的週期內,必須產出其他許多 Down size 的相關系列產品了!但畢竟他們是 Line 6,所以,很快地,他們就因應了市場的反應,推出了我覺得非常正確產品定位的 HX STOMP (https://line6.com/hx-stomp/ );然而,在 HX STOMP 有機會一統江湖之前,我懷疑中國的相關品牌,非常可能會提出更有競爭力的相關產品 … 譬如這個: http://www.hotoneaudio.com/news/297.html 。
以上。
關於『IR』的相關器材,我個人還是將它們歸類在『錄音』的工作範疇;雖然它們都可以提供到『帶著耳機來練習』的功能,但,我對於『電吉他練習』的相關器材需求,有著略有不同的想法。那些想法,就留待下次再來表述。