洪蘭的黑白譯
看到紫煙亭有趣的文章，【是不是覺得自己除了「吃屎」什麼都不會？】（連結見留言），講 Tarski 的 theory of truth，想到一位老朋友。
包括「翻譯大師」洪蘭在內的許多翻譯，跟網路上流竄的各種 misinformation 和 disinformation 一樣，尤其在選舉前，請明辨真僞虛實。
如圖，看到亮點了嗎？至少三大亮點，一個標出，兩個請自尋。
The Science of Words 《詞的學問》
George A. Miller 著
洪蘭譯
// Logic introduces questions of truth, and truth is no easier to define than meaning is. In 1931 the Polish logician Alfred Tarski (1902-1983) read a paper on the concept of truth before the Warsaw Scientific Society. Tarski claimed that a formally correct definition of “true sentence” depends in an essential way on the particular language under consideration. He proposed a definition for such formalized languages as logic or mathematics, but concluded that natural language, by its very nature, does not permit a consistent use of the expression “true sentence.” Tarski phrased the traditional correspondence theory of truth in the general form: “It is snowing” is a true sentence if and only if it is snowing, then showed how it leads to the Liar’s Paradox: “This is a false sentence” is a true sentence if and only if it is a false sentence.
邏輯討論的是真偽問題，但是真實並不一定比意義更容易定義。一九三一年，波蘭邏輯學家塔斯基（Alfred Tarski, 1902-1983) 在華沙科學協會中宣讀了一篇論文，他認為真實句子（true sentence）形式上的正確定義要依據這個句子的語言而定。他提出用邏輯或數學作為形式語言的定義，但也承認自然語言，因為它的特性允許「真實句子」的表達方式。他用一般的形式來解釋傳統的真實一致理論（correspondent theory of truth）： It is snowing 是真的句子，只有真正在下雪時才為真。因此，說謊者的兩難：「This is a false sentence」是真的，假如它是一個假的句子（If and only if it is a false sentence ) 。//
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