「寒流」英文怎麼說?
1. cold wave
2. cold snap
3. cold spell
4. cold surge
5. cold front
6. Korean current
到底哪一個才是正確的?
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1. cold wave 寒流;寒潮 ❄️
In meteorology, a cold wave (known in some regions as a cold snap or cold spell) is a weather phenomenon that is distinguished by a cooling of the air. Specifically, as used by the U.S. National Weather Service, a rapid fall in temperature within 24 hours to temperatures requiring substantially increased protection to agriculture, industry, commerce, and social activities. Therefore, the criterion for a cold wave is twofold: the rate of temperature fall, and the minimum to which it falls. The latter depends upon region and time of year.
寒流是一種天氣現象,特徵是空氣會冷卻。具體來說,如美國國家氣象局所述,溫度在24小時內迅速下降到致使必須大幅提高對農業,工業,商業和社會活動的保護。因此,寒流的定義標準是雙重的:溫度下降的速度和下降的最低溫度;下降的最低溫度則取決於地區和一年中的時間。
*一般而言,寒潮是指一高氣壓在高緯生成,冷高壓向低緯侵襲,最後出海變性的冷空氣。在寒潮侵襲期間,冷空氣引起成當地氣溫驟降,地面氣壓驟升,有時更引起強風,大浪。
Sources:
https://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Cold_wave
https://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/2746908/
http://bit.ly/34UmGdk
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2. cold snap 乍寒,驟冷 ❄️
a (sudden) short period of cold weather
臨時、短暫的寒冷天氣
Sources:
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/cold-snap
https://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british/cold-snap
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3. cold spell 寒流 ❄️
a period of several days or weeks when the weather is much colder than usual
天氣比平常還要冷,並且持續幾天或幾週
Sources:
https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/cold-spell
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cold%20spell
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4. cold surge 寒潮 ❄️
In meteorology, a cold surge refers to an abrupt temperature drop (e.g., relatively colder weather than a previous day).
突然的溫度下降(例如,比前一天寒冷)
Sources:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/241061273
http://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/1215768/?index=736
*cold surge 的使用頻率和領域: http://bit.ly/2L3dADZ; added after a suggestion in the comments
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5. cold front 冷鋒 ❄️
the weather condition in which a moving mass of cold air pushes into a mass of warm air resulting in a fall in temperature
A cold front is the leading edge of a cooler mass of air at ground level that replaces a warmer mass of air and lies within a pronounced surface trough of low pressure.
冷鋒指的是正在移動的冷氣團主動向暖氣團推進,並取代暖氣團原有位置所形成的鋒,導致溫度下降。作為地面上較冷空氣團的前沿,它取代了較熱的空氣團並位於明顯的低壓槽。
Sources:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_front
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/cold-front
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上述1-4全是「寒流」可能的翻譯方式 🙂
1-4 are all possible translations of 寒流, or you can just say “I’m freezing my ass off” if you want to express how cold it is.
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How would you use cold wave/snap/spell/surge in an actual sentence?
要如何在實際句子中使用「寒流」相關詞彙呢?
1. A cold wave could sweep through the East Coast late next week.
下週稍晚寒流可能會席捲東岸。
—USA Today (今日美國)
2. Britain is braced for a big chill as a short sharp cold snap heads our way.
面對短暫而突然的寒流,英國已經做好未來天氣寒冷的準備。
—The Sun (太陽報)
3. Britain is expected to enjoy an unseasonably warm weekend as tropical air blows in from the Atlantic after a prolonged cold spell.
由於大西洋從大西洋吹來的空氣,在長期寒流之後,英國預計將度過一個異常溫暖的周末。
—The Sunday Times (星期日泰晤士報)
4. Taiwan's first cold surge of the winter season sent temperatures plummeting across the island Wednesday.
台灣首次寒流發威,週三全島氣溫驟降。
—Focus Taiwan (中央通訊社)
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加分題: 那「韓流」英文怎麼說? ❄️
生活美語: https://bit.ly/2H42k8T
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ทำไม มาตรการ QE ของสหรัฐ ไม่ทำให้เกิดเงินเฟ้อ ขั้นรุนแรง /โดย ลงทุนแมน
Quantitative Easing หรือที่เรียกสั้นๆ ว่า QE
คือเครื่องมือหนึ่ง ที่ธนาคารกลาง ใช้ในการกระตุ้นเศรษฐกิจ
โดยการอัดฉีดเงิน เพื่อเพิ่มสภาพคล่องให้ระบบเศรษฐกิจ ในภาวะเศรษฐกิจชะลอตัว
...Continue ReadingWhy U.S. QE measures don't cause severe inflation / by investman
Quantitative Easing aka QE
Is one tool that central banks use to stimulate the economy.
By pumping money to increase liquidity for the economic system in slowing economic progress.
But the result that many people worry about is.
Amount of money will rise in the economic system which will bring inflation.
And may be severe to severe inflation aka ′′ Hyperinflation
We have seen many countries do QE hard.
Will this lead to severe inflation in the future?
Investing man will try to analyse it.
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First, let's understand the meaning of Hyperinflation.
Hyperinflation is a condition where product prices rise quickly.
Makes the country's money value go down dramatically
Why the value of money goes down
As a result, lots and lots of money flowing into the economy.
Compared to the same amount of goods and services in the economic system.
Price increases product prices quickly
An example of past severe Hyperinflation incident.
Such as in Hungary and Venezuela
Hyperinflation in Hungary happened in 1946
During that time, Hungary was heavily damaged by WWI.
Especially various infrastructure systems.
The Hungarian Government has shortage of budgets in economic revival.
So I decided to print a lot of money to repair the city's home and stimulate the economy.
Making money in Hungary's system is increasing tremendously.
As much as the amount of money increases, the domestic products are still the same.
So it makes inflation rise quickly
Hungary average product prices increase to 2 times in 15 hours.
By the moment of Hyperinflation
Hungary inflation rate rises to 150,000 % within one day.
Venezuela part of year 2019
Venezuelan inflation rises to 10,000,000
The cause of this story is similar to the case of Hungary
Well there is excessive economic system injection
Both to stimulate a slowing economy from low petrol prices.
Including to use for government's populist policies
We'll see that all 2 events have one thing in common.
Well there is a huge economic system injection.
Which leads to hyperinflation
Back at present COVID crisis-19
Many countries have measures to stimulate the economy.
With lots of money pumping into the economic system
US Central Bank
Using unlimited amount of QE measures
From the original designated price of about 22 trillion baht per year.
Central Bank of Japan
It's another country that uses unlimited amount of QE measures.
From the original designated, about 24 trillion baht per year.
European Central Bank announces more projects
In acquisition of emergency assets worth over 27 trillion baht.
It will see that many countries are now pumping a lot of money into the system.
And in many countries, I used to do heavy QE before.
For example, the case of the USA.
There has been a lot of money pumping into the economic system in the past 10 years.
Since the 2008 US Real Estate Bubble crisis.
Interesting is that US inflation rates aren't adjusted to much higher like the cases of Hungary and Venezuela.
2010 US average inflation rate equates to 1.6 %
2019 US average inflation rate equates to 1.8 %
Japan is another country where xỳāng h̄nạk measures are taken.
But inflation is still at low near 0 % as well.
Why is the story like this?
This phenomenon is partly because
US and Japan central banks make QE through asset purchases.
Both bonds, shares, loan from commercial banks.
And commercial banks are responsible for re-releasing money into the economy.
But what happens is that commercial banks don't forward the money they get from central banks.
To the business and household sector as everyone thought at first.
The cause is because during economic recession or slowdown.
Household sector tends to save money rather than bring money to spend.
Due to insecure future economic
For example, in USA.
The deposit amount in the COVID-19 pre-birth system is around 416 trillion baht.
But when COVID-19 goes viral, deposits in the system increase to almost 500 trillion baht.
Within just a few months
Meanwhile, a bad economic situation.
Making selling business sector products and services difficult.
Making production and service still very much available.
Business sector may not require a loan to expand business.
Enough demand for products and services doesn't increase higher.
Well, things don't go much higher.
Even with lots of money in the system
Another point is.
Countries with large economies like USA and Japan
Own the world's main currency with high credibility.
Most people still believe and still demand to hold these currency.
In conclusion, if you ask for QE making of big countries today.
Will it lead to severe inflation in the future?
I have to say that this problem can be difficult for big countries like USA and Japan.
But the point is, this plague crisis doesn't know when it ends.
And countries inject money log in
For a country which is economically stable as a big country, it might be careful.
Because those countries may have severe inflation, different from this case..
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References
-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperinflation
-https://nomadcapitalist.com/2014/04/20/top-5-worst-cases-hyperinflation-history/
-https://www.businessinsider.com/hungarys-hyperinflation-story-2014-4
-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperinflation_in_Venezuela
-https://www.thestreet.com/investing/federal-reserve-unveils-unlimited-qe-to-confront-coronavirus
-https://www.schroders.com/en/bm/asset-management/insights/economic-views/bank-of-japan-ramps-up-qe-again-amid-dismal-outlook/
-https://www.federalreserve.gov/monetarypolicy/bst_recenttrends.htm
-https://www.focus-economics.com/countries/japan/news/inflation/core-consumer-prices-hold-steady-in-june-in-annual-terms
- https://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/projections/html/ecb.projections202006_eurosystemstaff~7628a8cf43.en.html#toc3
-https://www.economicshelp.org/blog/2900/inflation/inflation-and-quantitative-easing/
-https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/DPSACBW027SBOGTranslated
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สรุปเรื่อง Japan Airlines ฟื้นหลังล้มละลาย ได้อย่างไร? แบบเข้าใจง่ายๆ /โดย ลงทุนแมน
ถ้าบริษัทเรามีหนี้สินกว่า 690,000 ล้านบาท และกำลังจะล้มละลาย
เราคงถูกมองว่าบ้า ถ้าไปเอาคนที่ไม่มีประสบการณ์ในธุรกิจนั้นมาแก้ปัญหา
แต่เมื่อ 10 ปีก่อน ตอนที่สายการบิน Japan Airlines ใกล้จะล้มละลาย...
Continue ReadingHow does Japan Airlines revive after bankruptcy? Easy to understand / Invest manly
If our company has more than 690,000 million baht debt and is going bankrupt.
We would be considered crazy if we went to get someone who hasn't experienced in business to solve the problem.
But 10 years ago when Japan Airlines were going bankrupt.
Japanese government invites people who have no experience in aviation business to become CEO.
Why would the Japanese government make that decision?
And who was the one who solved the problem for Japan Airlines that day
Invest. Man will tell you about it
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First let's meet Japan Airlines first
Japan Airlines was founded in 1951 by the Japanese government to build Japan's airplane travel network after WWI ended.
First 3 years after Japan Airlines serving only in Japan.
Before 1954, Japan Airlines began to serve first international flights in Tokyo-Honolulu-San Francisco
Year 1961 Japan Airlines is listed on the Stock Exchange of Japan.
Year 1987 Japan Airlines was privatized from cuddle state enterprises into private companies to provide more agility and profitable capacity.
Japan Airlines has an advantage of many rival airlines as companies have lower loan costs than other airlines. The company not only loans to expand businesses easily, but also to sell tickets below many airlines to attract passengers to service.
But easy access to Japan Airlines funding source is like a double-edged sword because the company started to invest in hotel, resort, or mother, but tour company which is not about the core business of the company.
Japan Airlines employees say that one of the hotels in the USA that the company bought has full customers every year for 30 years. This hotel is not profitable for Japan Airlines..
And it seems that business risk distribution is not working on this airline.
As passengers start to decrease in economic conditions, as the competition in the airline business gradually increases disaster with companies.
Year 2009, the company experienced a financial crisis that it must go into a plan to restore bankruptcy. At that time, this airline has a total debt of 690,000 million baht more than Thai Airways debt. At the moment, it's almost 3 times more until the company's shares are taken Leaving the Japanese Stock Exchange in 2010
Of course, with this burden of debt, there will be no agency except government to help this airline from falling in front of the Japanese government. However, one of the caveats of the Japanese government after putting money is the top executive to run Japan Airlines must be the one who chooses the government. Come by myself only
For the reason the government said at that time, ′′ We must choose the right one first because it is very necessary to fix this airline's problem
Many people predict who is the one who will come to Kriti this time?
Finally, the minister of Japan's Ministry of Transport in those days invited was Mr. Kazuo Inamori, a 78 year old man at that time.
So who is this guy?
Mr. Kazuo Inamori is the founder of Kyocera, currently a multi-business company, electronic parts, office equipment, car parts, electric devices.
Interestingly, this is a profitable company every year since it was founded in 1959, so it's not strange that this guy is recognized as the ′′ father of corporate management
However.
Many questions come back from this decision of Japanese government and few people believe that inexperienced men in airline business can solve the heavy problems of this airline.
Other than that, your people around Kazuo Inamori tell him not to throw away his reputation with Japan Airlines. At this age, he better get some rest in peace.
But for Mr. Kazuo Inamori, he thinks that he needs to help this airline. If he let Japan Airlines fall, it will not only affect the country's economy, but also the appearance, confidence, including nearly 5 thousand companies employees who lose their jobs.
Many people may think that Kazuo Inamori must earn a very high salary to work as CEO to solve this airline crisis.
But actually his condition in getting this job is that he doesn't claim a single salary from Japan Airlines..
Problem he encounters after coming in is that there is a party divided by corporations. There is an internal political system.
Importantly, when he talks to the executives, the shocking number of people don't know how much money each flight department makes for the company.
So the first thing he does is to make everyone in the company know that in 1 years Japan Airlines will go bankrupt if everyone doesn't help each other and have to adjust the idea. Everyone is Japan Airlines. It's the highest service business not just the aviation business.
The one who will impress customers is the company employee.
So he has to make all levels of staff understand what he thinks by talking to the staff himself. Since the ticket salesman, the purse staff is not just the flight attendant.
He also uses Amoeba management system. That's a system that helps determine how much each department makes and how much it costs to work in each department.
When he knows something unnecessary, he cuts all those expenses, including non-profit flight routes.
In addition, the price tags of every product that the company bought so the deployed people will know how much the cost of each company is.
From your hard work, Kazuo Inamori made this airline from a loss of 19,000 million Baht in 2009 Japan Airlines began to profit in 2012 and made the company's shares back to be registered on the Japanese Stock Exchange again this year.
So what is the latest Japan Airlines performance?
Year 2017 Income 415,000 million baht. Profit 40,600 million baht.
Year 2018 Income 446,100 million baht. Profit 45,200 million baht.
Even this year, Japan Airlines should also be affected by the COVID-19 plague.
But going through obstacles and restoration of the organization in the past should help the company go through this crisis again.
And today Japan Airlines has a profit of accumulated over 247,000 million baht.
Currently, the value of Japan Airlines is equal to 191,000 million Baht. Our Thai Airways is about 19 times more..
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References
-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Airlines
-https://www.jal.com/en/investor/highlight/
-https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/JAPSY?p=JAPSY
-https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/ALNPY/
-https://global.kyocera.com/inamori/profile/episode/episode10.html
-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyocera
-https://www.jal.com/en/investor/library/information/
-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zpmX3BrLn-E
-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JW_Marriott_Essex_HouseTranslated
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