20年前的今天,911事件發生時,你正在做什麼?
對於我們許多人來說,當天的震驚,是一個不容抹滅的記憶。在那之後世界一連串的發展,讓許多的事物被賦予特定的色彩。包括國土安全和恐怖主義等等新的詞彙進入主流。中文翻譯成「聖戰」的伊斯蘭吉哈德 (jihad),成了這一串論述背後的壞人。但任何有回教徒朋友的人應該都知道,穆斯林大部分是非常溫和以及愛好和平的。為什麼有這樣大的反差?而在6到10世紀輝煌的伊斯蘭文化,以及後來發揚光大,橫跨近800年的鄂徒曼帝國,在第一次世界大戰之後又是如何發展?這一些問題都是我在選擇這本書的時候想要得到的答案。
「興亡世界史」這個系列的書籍,之前就看了幾本很棒的,讓我在華人視角的世界史,與西方視角的世界始終史之外,看見一個不一樣的可能。之前一位書友的描述很貼切,說日本人看歷史,很像監視器一樣反應一切,平鋪直敘不帶立場的陳述事情。
從穆罕默德開始創立說起,他說講述的思想與當時阿拉伯社會截然不同。包括獨一真神的信仰,社會的平等,還有賙濟窮人的理念,在當時部落主義盛行,多神信仰,以及富人只管自己的文化當中,幾乎是挑戰權威的一股力量。從那裡開始論述的「吉哈德」,講到的就是內心善與惡的爭戰,還有受到逼迫時自身保護的行為,並沒有什麼侵略或是攻擊他人的含意在內。
這一連串因著堅定意志,和天時地利,與巧合之下,伊斯蘭的世界逐漸擴張在整個阿拉伯地區。到第6世紀開始,更是誕生了輝煌的文化,特別是他們著重翻譯和貿易,更是讓文化交流鼎盛。像是「一千零一夜」故事描述的繁華,還有現在數學基礎的阿拉伯數字和代數 (algebra),以及現代 AI 人工智慧必須由的「演算法」(algorithm) 都是從阿拉伯數學家 al- Khwārizmī 名字衍生的。在當時伊斯蘭文化強調的是對各種宗教信仰的兼容並蓄,社會的平等 (特別是對於窮人,另外伊斯蘭初期,婦女的地位也不低),和整體社會的和平發展。後來因著政治和接班人不明確的因素,什葉派和遜尼派的敵對,讓很多初期的善意開始變質。歷經鄂圖曼帝國百年的傳承後,包括阿富汗,土耳其,和伊朗,都有類似宗教改革的推動。但當時已經是面對20世紀的強大西方世界,因著石油的利益,讓這些改革受到嚴重的干擾。而1948年以色列建國產生的巴勒斯坦問題,更是挑起伊斯蘭世界最敏感的一根神經。
現在我們熟知的一些人物包括賓拉登,以及塔利班,和蓋達等組織,某一段時間之內其實是西方世界所連結的勢力。所以書本最後的一部分是在檢討這些恐怖的攻擊,真的是伊斯蘭世界挑起的戰爭,還是西方世界所埋下的種子?在這裡我就不要破梗了。
雖然這本書許多可蘭經內容,眾多烏瑪和哈里發的翻譯名字,不是那麼容易閱讀。但不要太在乎這些細節,還是可以掌握到一定的輪廓。冤冤相報的循環,到底要怎樣才能結束?我想引用我最欣賞的作 者,同時也是猶太拉比的Jonathan Sacks,在紐約 911 事件10周年紀念所發表的談話來總結:
“Whenever Me takes precedence over We, and pleasure today over viability tomorrow, a society is in trouble. If so, then the enemy is not radical Islam, it is us and our by now unsustainable self-indulgence. The West has expended much energy and courage fighting wars in Afghanistan and Iraq abroad and defeating terror at home. It has spent far less, if any, in renewing its own morality and the institutions — families, communities, ethical codes, standards in public life — where it is created and sustained. But if I am right, this is the West’s greatest weakness in the eyes of its enemies as well as its friends. The only way to save the world is to begin with ourselves. Our burden after 9/11 is to renew the moral disciplines of freedom. Some say it can’t be done. They are wrong: it can and must. Surely we owe the dead no less."
“當我們看重[我]超過[我們],看重今日的歡樂超過明日的繁榮,那麼社會就會陷入麻煩。這樣說來,我們的敵人並不是激烈的伊斯蘭主義,而是我們自己,和我們寅吃卯糧的個人主義。西方的世界用盡許多精力和勇力在阿富汗和伊拉克爭戰並且在國內防恐,卻幾乎沒有花時間精力在更新自身的道德,和創造並保持這些道德標準之處,包括:家庭,社群,道德共識,和在公開場合的行為標準。如果我想得沒有錯,那麼這就是西方世界敵人和盟友眼中,我們最大的弱點。拯救世界的方式,從檢視自己開始。911事件之後,我們共同的負擔就是要重新定義自由世界中的道德標準。很多人說這是不可能的,但我認為他們錯了,這是可能而且必須的。我們向所有逝去的犧牲者,有這樣的責任”
📚延伸閱讀📚
📗“Destiny Disrupted” 中文版 「中斷的天命」
這是我15年前讀的書,是一位伊朗學者從伊斯蘭世界的角度講述世界史,讓我眼界大開,也開始愛上從不同視角來了解世界史。
📙“Not in God’s s Name” 中文版「毋以神為名」
我2018的top 10 之一,也是我知道惟一一本Jonathan Sacks的中文書。原來宗教戰爭,常常是一種有忌妒衍生出來的兄弟鬩牆? “當宗教將人變為兇手,上帝痛心垂淚”
全文與延伸閱讀的連結在部落格中 👇👇👇
https://dushuyizhi.net/%e4%bc%8a%e6%96%af%e8%98%ad%e5%b8%9d%e5%9c%8b%e7%9a%84%e5%90%89%e5%93%88%e5%be%b7/
#伊斯蘭帝國的吉哈德 #興亡的世界史
同時也有2部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過9萬的網紅DREAM清醒夢LUCID,也在其Youtube影片中提到,◎Dream 清醒夢 Lucid FACEBOOK https://www.facebook.com/dr34mlucid ◎Dream 清醒夢 Lucid Instagram https://instagram.com/dr34mlucid/ Thinking of buying a hous...
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My 5 lifestyle choices that – when adopted – can help protect and restore our oceans for our children and future generations.
💙DEMAND PLASTIC-FREE ALTERNATIVES
The oceans face a massive and growing threat from plastics. An estimated 17.6 billion pounds of plastic leaks into the marine environment yearly—that’s roughly equivalent to dumping a garbage truck full of plastic into our oceans EVERY MINUTE. And plastics never go away!
•bring your own coffee mug ☕️ for your daily fix
•bring your own utensils 🍴 and reusable straw
•only buy products in glass or plant based containers
💙REDUCE YOUR CARBON FOOTPRINT
• Ride a bike, walk or use public transportation rather than driving a car.
• Turn off the lights when you leave a room.
• Put on a sweater in the winter instead of turning up your thermostat.
💙AVOID OCEAN-HARMING PRODUCTS
•Don’t support cosmetics that contain shark squalene, jewelry made of coral or sea turtle shell, souvenir shells of conchs, nautiluses and other animals, and single-use plastics like straws and water bottles that can end up in our oceans. These products support unsustainable fishing and threaten important species and ecosystems.
💙 EAT SUSTAINABLE SEAFOOD
Choose seafood that is healthy for you and the oceans from well-managed, wild fisheries. We know it’s hard to know what fish are okay to eat, which is why you can turn to these helpful resources:
• Print or download a guide from Seafood Watch to help you make sustainable choices when you buy or order seafood, and learn about eco-certification of seafood.
I bought my seafood from @mncasia ,responsible seafood. They are MSC and ASC certified which mean they promote sustainability, traceability and seasonality.
💙 LEAVE NOTHING BEHIND
As beach crowds increase, so does the amount of trash left behind or blown away. Don’t let your day outside contribute to the destruction of our oceans. Remember to leave nothing behind but your footprints -- collect and dispose of your trash.
My family and I would pick up rubbish along our hikes and spent an hour at beaches to pick up trash while enjoying our day at the beach. 🏝
💙
unsustainable 在 Samguw Facebook 的最佳解答
Some photos of Cultiveat from a photo assignment on sustainable farming. Got some lovely photos and learnt even more about the state of farming and agriculture here in Malaysia. There is so much we don't know about how the food we consume is grown and distributed. From excessive amounts of pesticides to shady business practices, the food we eat is unethical and unsustainable. But it feels good knowing that there are people like Cultiveat out there that are trying to make a change! Highly encourage you to check them out and read more about sustainable agriculture. The topic has been on my mind for the past few weeks already and I've learnt so much from just doing a couple of Google searches.
Shot on a Canon 1Dx Mark III and 5D Mark IV.
Lenses were the EF 16-35 F4, EF 35MM F1.4II and EF 70-200 F2.8III
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◎Dream 清醒夢 Lucid FACEBOOK
https://www.facebook.com/dr34mlucid
◎Dream 清醒夢 Lucid Instagram
https://instagram.com/dr34mlucid/
Thinking of buying a house in Taiwan? Think again. With a rental yield of 2.46% at best and 1.46% at worst you will be looking at subsadising someone else's rent. Watch out! No one wants to be the last one standing in the dicing musical chairs game that is the Taiwan real estate market! The real estate market in Taiwan has been bid up to unsustainable highs. There has been some let up in the bull market but if rental yield is anything to go by there is a long way further for Taiwan's house prices to fall. If you are planning to keep the property in your family for three generations after you die then its worth seeing if you can get a 40 year mortgage. Perhaps that will make for a more reasonable way to make the payments and live a balanced life style. I can't believe you are still reading this. Subscribe now, its all you need. Houses are over rated. Youtube subscriptions are FREE!!! (and not subject to terms and conditions.)
現在台灣租金的收入跟銀行的利息差不多
租房子之划算,租四十年的金額還不到貸款買房子的金額
也更不用談到買房子的利息了
人們唯一會買房子的原因,通常都是期待房子漲價
並不是認為更多人需要租房子
若將錢放在銀行帳戶裡,無需承擔房地產崩跌的風險
你呢?你打算買台北的房子嗎?
unsustainable 在 周菲比PhebeMuzik Youtube 的最讚貼文
Original by Muse - Isolated System (World War Z Theme)
Covered/Re-Arranged by Phebe Chou 周菲比 Taiwan 台灣
© 2012 WMG ALL RIGHTS RESERVED TO WARNER BRO.
Official Link : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VXPoJAyeF8k
'The 2nd Law: Isolated System' from the album 'The 2nd Law'.
All songs written and composed by Matthew Bellamy,
except "Save Me" and "Liquid State" by Chris Wolstenholme.
Track List
1. "Supremacy"
2. "Madness"
3. "Panic Station"
4. "Prelude"
5. "Survival"
6. "Follow Me"
7. "Animals"
8. "Explorers"
9. "Big Freeze"
10. "Save Me"
11. "Liquid State"
12. "The 2nd Law: Unsustainable"
13. "The 2nd Law: Isolated System"
The 2nd Law is the sixth studio album by English alternative rock band Muse, released throughout most of the world on 28 September 2012, and elsewhere on 2 October 2012.
'The 2nd Law' Deluxe Box Set featuring thermal reactive packaging, heavyweight vinyl, box set only artwork and High Definition 'The 2nd Law' album download; only available at muse.mu http://smarturl.it/the2ndlawboxset
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