關於 west antarctica ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

A-Z你去過幾個？
Afghanistan
Akrotiri
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Anguilla
Antarctica
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Ashmore and Cartier Islands
Australia✈️
Austria✈️
Azerbaijan
Bahamas, The
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Bassas da India
Belarus
Belgium✈️
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
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Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Bouvet Island
Brazil
British Indian Ocean Territory
British Virgin Islands
Brunei✈️
Bulgaria
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Burma
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Cameroon
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Chad
Chile
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Christmas Island
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Colombia
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Cook Islands
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Costa Rica
Cote d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus✈️
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Denmark✈️
Dhekelia
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Ecuador
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El Salvador
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Finland✈️
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French Guiana
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Gabon
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Gaza Strip
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Ghana
Gibraltar
Glorioso Islands
Greece✈️
Greenland
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Guinea
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Hong Kong✈️
Hungary✈️
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Spain
Spratly Islands
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Sudan
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Svalbard
Swaziland
Sweden✈️
Switzerland😝
Syria
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Tajikistan
Tanzania✈️
Thailand✈️
Timor-Leste
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🚩南極氣溫持續上升😓😓😓

地球的最主要的儲冰的地方是在南極及北極
北極有格陵蘭南極有南極半島、東大陸及西大陸
因為面積不同融冰會做成不同程度的海平面上升
如格陵蘭全融海平面會上升6.6米
南極半島是0.5米…西大陸8.1米…東大陸64.8米
科學家預計本世紀末海平面至少上升1米

而說實在到底未來的海平面會變成如何
就看今天大家有多努力想要活久一點
南極的溫度在這陣子一直破紀錄地上升

如果我們還不行動
未來的日子只會更多天災
而這通通也是人禍

節能減碳
多菜少肉
拒絕拋丟式生活
都是我們馬上該擁抱的生活

//The Antarctic has registered a temperature of more than 20C (68F) for the first time on record, prompting fears of climate instability in the world’s greatest repository of ice.

The impacts vary across Antarctica, which encompasses the land, islands and ocean south of 60 degrees latitude. This region stores about 70% of the world’s fresh water in the form of snow and ice. If it were all to melt, sea levels would rise by 50 to 60 metres, but that will take many generations. UN scientists predict oceans will be between 30cm and 110cm higher by the end of this century, depending on human efforts to reduce emissions and the sensitivity of ice sheets.

While temperatures in eastern and central Antarctica are relatively stable, there are growing concerns about west Antarctica, where warming oceans are undermining the huge Thwaites and Pine Islandglaciers. Until now, this has led to a relatively low amount of sea-level rise, but this could change rapidly if there is a sustained jump in temperature.//

法國籍客船 L'AUSTRAL號(GRT/10944,142x18m,2010年造)於11/16未經申報即在印尼蘇門答臘西北方Bayak島外下錨,從事海上娛樂活動.11/18日經官方發現後進行驅離,船上載有264位澳洲及歐洲旅客.

客船(Passenger ship)與郵輪(Cruise)兩者之間很難有明顯的界定,近年來在亞洲區風行的郵輪,一般多指4,5萬噸以上,船上備有許多娛樂設施,在船上即可吃喝玩樂,也靠幾個大的港口,一般多適合年輕人.
現代郵輪的前身就是"客輪"(Passenger Ship),其所載客數不多幾百人而已,主要客戶群鎖定在退休之銀髮族,優閒的享受海上大自然風光.為了與郵輪有所區隔所以除了一般大港之外,更以人煙罕至的世外桃源小島,生態豐富的礁石區為其主要賣點.在河流密布的歐洲大陸,更多小型而精緻的江輪(River cruise)沿河道悠閒的眺望兩岸風光與風土人情.

隨著船上自身航儀及設備的進步與營業範圍之拓展,這些船慢慢向亞洲區擴大延伸,安全的問題來了,船在海上航行海圖最重要,而海圖之精密度多數取決於"船隻航行密度之大小",換句話說就是常常有船經過的地方,海道測量的密度大,較精密.人煙罕至的地方,多數政府是疏於測量,水深,礁石,水流的資訊多數不足.對於航行安全來說幾近於"探險"的程度,因此而產生之擱淺,觸礁常常發生
2008 7.8.The 207-foot Spirit of Glacier Bay was stranded for about nine hours.
2014.8.14One hundred and thirty six passengers on a cruise ship which inexplicably got stuck on a sandbank had to wait eight hours before they were rescued.
The German ship, Lady Busum, became stranded near the German island of Trischen after it ran aground.
2015.12.23.Windstar Cruises' Star Pride (photo left in Europe when it was operated by Seabourn) hit rocks near Isla de Coiba, Panama yesterday morning. "We have just picked up 109 passenger and crew from another Windstar Cruise Liner in (what I think is) the south end of Costa Rica. The other Windstar ship hit rocks and took on water near the port where people got off. We left our port in an emergency to assist and it took 13 hours to get to them
2009.2.18 Seventeen British tourists are among 106 passengers and crew stranded today on an adventure cruise ship that has run aground in Antarctica.
The 73m-long Ocean Nova ran into trouble in high winds near an Argentinian research station west of Debenham Island at about 3am yesterday
2017.3.14. Noble Caledonia公司旗下的Caledonia Sky在由巴布亞新幾內亞往菲律賓的航程中,彎靠印尼 Kri Island附近的國家海洋公園時擱淺,隨即自行雇用一艘當地拖船經9小時奮戰,損毀大幅海洋公園內之珊瑚後離去,據估計損毀之珊瑚復育期當在百年以上.
一般人會懷疑,船長在擱淺後為何不按照正常SOP等P&I派海難救護公司按正常程序來脫困?而急呼呼的找當地拖船,不惜破壞保育區中之珊瑚群大動作的"逃命"而去?
abu sayyaf group !台灣船員對於這些"童話故事中"的海盜,只有羅曼蒂克的感覺,殊不知其兇殘已經使外國人到"聞之色變"的地步.對Caledonian Sky的船長,我只能按一個"讚"!對一個船長來說,沒有什麼比維護旅客,船員的生命更重要的事!
海洋首都中的航海家在2016.9.12及2017.3.17有兩篇專頁報導
我們在此案例中(2017.3.14)學到的教訓:
(1)環保云云,是已開發國家對於未開發國家的制約方法,看看剛打開的"北極航線"是那些國家為經濟資源而衝鋒陷陣?鑽油,觀光.駐軍,破冰…..左手呼籲全球減排,降溫之同時;右手就近就便伸入北極圈.
(2)海上航行員(Navigator)對於貿易主航線之外的地區,越是風光明媚,人間仙境,越要小心當地水深因測量不足對船舶航安而產生的危險性. 記住:測量是為經貿而服務的,不是為人命而服務的.
(3)對於珊瑚礁破壞的賠償,國際一般賠償的價格是USD200-400/平方米,本案中印尼政府評估後開出之價格為USD800-1200/平方米,1600平方米共要求賠償美金128萬-192萬.(台幣6000萬上下),但是因為已經將船放行出境,所以估計打官司要花上好幾年,結果仍是未知數.這些國際案例與我國房屋買賣之"實價登錄"有異曲同工之妙.
(4)該郵輪航經之地,正是菲律賓著名海盜(Abu Sayyaf )出沒盛行之處,擄人勒索殺害,惡名全球昭彰,明知山有虎,偏向虎山行? 船長難為!