[時事英文] 世界衛生組織為何被批為「CHO」？
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《紐約時報》報導：
President Trump unleashed a tirade against the World Health Organization on Tuesday, accusing it of acting too slowly to sound the alarm about the coronavirus. It was not the first time in this pandemic that the global health body has faced such criticism. In Japan, Taro Aso, the deputy prime minister and finance minister, recently noted that some people have started referring to the World Health Organization as the “Chinese Health Organization” because of what he described as its close ties to Beijing. Taiwanese officials say the W.H.O. ignored its early warnings about the virus because China refuses to allow Taiwan, a self-governing island it claims as its territory, to become a member.
1、unleash 突然釋放；使爆發
2、tirade 長篇的抨擊性演說
3、face criticisms 面臨批評
4、deputy prime minister 副首相
5、note (v.) that… 提及⋯⋯；注意到⋯⋯
6、refer to (sb/sth) as (sb/sth) 將⋯⋯稱作*
7、sound the alarm 敲響警鐘；發出危險的訊號；引起警覺
8、close ties with 與⋯⋯的密切關係
9、self-governing 自治
週二，川普總統對世界衛生組織發起抨擊，指責該組織行動太慢，未及時就新冠病毒發出警報。在此次疫情中，這家全球衛生機構不是第一次面臨這樣的批評。日本副首相兼財務大臣麻生太郎最近稱，由於該組織與北京關係密切，有大量聲音將世界衛生組織稱為「中國衛生組織」。臺灣官員說，世界衛生組織忽視了有關該病毒的早期警告，這是因為中國拒絕臺灣成為世界衛生組織成員，聲稱該自治島嶼為其領土的一部分。
*refer to:
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/refer+to+as
https://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/refer+to+as
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Critics say the W.H.O. has been too trusting of the Chinese government, which initially tried to conceal the outbreak in Wuhan. Others have faulted the organization and its leader, Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, for moving too slowly in declaring a global health emergency.
10、conceal 隱蔽；隱瞞
11、fault (v.) 指責；挑……毛病；找……的缺點
12、a global health emergency 全球衛生緊急事件
評論人士稱，世界衛生組織一直以來過於信任中國政府，而中國政府最初試圖掩蓋武漢的疫情。還有人指責該組織及其領導人譚德塞在宣布全球衛生緊急事件方面行動太慢。
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The W.H.O., a United Nations agency, has defended its response, saying on Wednesday it alerted the world to the threat posed by the virus in a timely manner and that it was “committed to ensuring all member states are able to respond effectively to this pandemic.” The agency’s defenders say its powers over any individual government are limited, and that it has done the best it can in dealing with a public health threat with few precedents in history. There will be time later to assess successes and failings, “this virus and its shattering consequences.”
13、be posed by 由……所構成
14、in a timely manner 及時；在適當的時間內
15、be committed to 致力於；投入
16、have power over sb/sth 對⋯⋯有影響力（或操控力）
17、precedent 先例；慣例；判例
18、there will be time later to 之後將有……的時候
19、assess success and failings 評判成敗
20、shattering consequence 破壞性後果
身為聯合國機構的世界衛生組織對此作出了辯護，它在週三表示，自己已向世界發出警報，及時提醒人們該病毒所構成的威脅，並「致力於確保所有會員國都能有效應對該流行病疫情」。該機構的辯護者說，它對任何一個政府能行使的權力都是有限的，並且它已經盡了最大努力，來處理這個幾乎前所未見的公衛威脅。今後會有評判成敗以及評估「這種病毒及其破壞性後果」的時候。
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When cases of a mysterious viral pneumonia first appeared in Wuhan in December, Chinese health officials silenced whistle-blowers and repeatedly played down the severity of the outbreak. Even as late as mid-January, as the virus spread beyond China’s borders, Chinese officials described it as “preventable and controllable” and said there was no evidence it could be transmitted between humans on a broad scale. The W.H.O. endorsed the government’s claims, saying in mid-January, for example, that human-to-human transmission had not been proven.
21、viral pneumonia 病毒性肺炎
22、silence (v.) 使噤聲；使沉默
23、play down 對……作低調處理；淡化……的重要性（或糟糕程度）
24、severity (n.) 嚴重性
25、preventable and controllable 可防止的與可控制的（可防可控）
26、on a broad scale 廣泛地
27、endorse (v.)（公開）認可，支持；宣傳，吹捧
28、human-to-human transmission 人傳人
去年１２月，當武漢首現神秘的病毒性肺炎病例時，中國的衛生官員使吹哨人噤聲，並一再淡化疫情的嚴重性。甚至到了１月中旬，隨著該病毒傳播到中國境外，中國官員還稱其「可防可控」，並表示未發現明顯人傳人證據。世界衛生組織認可中國政府的說法，例如，它在1月中旬稱，人傳人現象尚未得到證實。
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Critics say the organization’s repeated deference to Beijing exacerbated the spread of the disease. A group of international experts was not allowed to visit Wuhan until mid-February. W.H.O. officials were slow to declare a public health emergency, critics say. Even as the virus spread to more than half a dozen countries and forced China to place parts of Hubei Province under lockdown in late January, the W.H.O. was reluctant to declare it a global health emergency. W.H.O. officials said at the time that a committee that discussed the epidemic was divided on the question of whether to call it an emergency, but concluded that it was too early. One official added that they weighed the impact such a declaration might have on the people of China.
29、deference (n.) to 服從；遵從
30、exacerbate 使惡化；使加劇
31、place (v.) …under lockdown 將……置於封鎖之中
32、reluctant 不情願的
33、conclude 斷定；作出結論
34、add 補充說；繼續說
35、weigh the impact 權衡此一衝擊
批評人士說，該組織對北京的再三遵從加劇了疾病的傳播。一組國際專家直到２月中旬才被允許訪問武漢。這次，世界衛生組織官員遲遲不宣布進入公共衛生緊急狀態。批評人士道。儘管該病毒擴散到六個以上的國家，並迫使中國在１月下旬封鎖湖北省部分地區，但世界衛生組織仍不願宣布這是全球衛生緊急事件。世界衛生組織官員當時表示，一個討論疫情的委員會在是否宣布緊急事件的問題上存在分歧，但最後得出的結論是現在下結論為時過早。一位官員補充說，他們權衡了這樣的聲明可能對中國人民產生的影響。
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China’s leader, Xi Jinping, has made it a priority to strengthen Beijing’s clout at international institutions, including the W.H.O., seeing the American-dominated global order as an impediment to his country’s rise as a superpower. China contributes only a small fraction of the W.H.O.’s $6 billion budget, while the United States is one of its main benefactors. But in recent years, Beijing has worked in other ways to expand its influence at the organization. The government has lobbied the W.H.O. to promote traditional Chinese medicine, which Mr. Xi has worked to harness as a source of national pride and deployed as a soft-power tool in developing countries, despite skepticism from some scientists about its effectiveness.
36、clout 權勢；影響力
37、the American-dominated global order 美國主導的全球秩序
38、impediment 阻礙；障礙物
39、superpower 霸權
40、benefactor 捐助者；贊助者
41、lobby (v.) 遊說
42、traditional Chinese medicine 中藥
43、harness 控制；利用……的動力
44、soft-power 軟實力
45、national pride 民族自豪感；民族自尊
46、skepticism 懷疑論；懷疑的態度
中國領導人習近平將美國主導的全球秩序視為中國崛起為超級大國的障礙，他把加強北京在世界衛生組織等國際機構中的影響力作為一項優先任務。在世界衛生組織６０億美元的預算中，中國的出資只佔一小部分，而美國是它的主要捐助者之一。但近年來，北京通過其他方式擴大自己在該組織中的影響力。中國政府一直遊說世界衛生組織推廣中藥，習近平曾利用它作為增進民族自豪感的源泉，並將其作為軟實力工具部署在發展中國家，儘管一些科學家懷疑它的有效性。
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Last year, the W.H.O. offered an endorsement of traditional Chinese medicine, including it in its influential medical compendium. China has sought to promote traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of symptoms of the coronavirus both at home and abroad. Last month, the W.H.O. was criticized after it removed a warning against taking traditional herbal remedies to treat the coronavirus from its websites in mainland China. China’s role at the W.H.O. will probably continue to grow in the coming years, especially if Western governments retreat from the organization, as Mr. Trump has threatened.
47、endorsement 支持；簽署
48、compendium 綱要
49、at home and abroad 國內外（在國內與國外）
50、herbal remedy 草藥療法*
51、treat (v.) the coronavirus 治療冠狀病毒
去年，世界衛生組織提出支持中藥，將其納入該組織頗具影響力的醫學綱要。中國一直尋求在國內外推廣治療新冠病毒癥狀的中藥。上個月，世界衛生組織在其中國大陸的網站上刪除了一條關於不要使用傳統草藥治療冠狀病毒的警告，該組織因此受到了批評。未來幾年，中國在世界衛生組織的作用可能會繼續增強，尤其是如果西方政府像川普威脅的那樣退出該組織的話。
＊按《劍橋詞典》，「herb」之定義為「a type of plant whose leaves are used in cooking to give flavour to particular dishes or in making medicine」，意即以植物的「葉子」製作藥材；其形容詞作「herbal」。再按《教育部重編國語辭典修訂本》，「藥草」意為「可供治病的草本植物」，而「草本植物」即「草質莖植物的總稱，屬開花植物」，故「herb」當譯作「藥草」，「herbal」則為「藥草的」。惟「草藥」係「取自植物界的藥材」，慮及中醫的藥材並非僅限於「草本植物」，此處遂將「herbal remedy」譯作「草藥療法」容較妥切。
《紐約時報》完整報導：https://nyti.ms/2V2ewes
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