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什麼時候用being 在 [分享] having/being該不該刪? - 看板GMAT 的推薦與評價
大家在研究SC的時候,總是有一種迷思:「having/being」少選,
但是事實上,OG/PP裡也不乏有正確選項帶有having/being的。
那麼,究竟該怎麼判斷呢?
在這裡,Dustin一如以往從句意上的邏輯出發,而不談技巧,
跟大家分享個人認為having/being何時應該出現的判斷準則。
(以下所舉出的皆為OG正確句子)
Referring to the current hostility toward smoking,
smokers frequently express anxiety that their
prospects for being hired and promoted are being stunted by their habit.
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
注意「smokers frequently express anxiety that
their prospects for being hired and promoted…」為什麼要用being呢?
因為for是介係詞,介係詞之後必定要接Ving/N,
但若是接hiring and promoting不能表示「被動」的概念,
所以要接由被動式(原形beV+Vpp)改成的動名詞(being+Vpp),
是為表被動的動名詞,being不可省,
否則「for hired and promoted」在文法上有錯,
「for hiring and promoting」又無法表達被動意思。
請看另外兩個正確句子:
In his research paper, Dr. Frosh, medical director of
the Payne Whitney Clinic, distinguishes between mood swings,
which may be violent without being grounded in mental disease,
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
and genuine manic-depressive psychosis.
Archaeologists in Ireland believe that a recently discovered
chalice, which dates from the eighth century, was probably
buried to keep it from being stolen by invaders.
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
繼續回到這句分析:
Referring to the current hostility toward smoking,
smokers frequently express anxiety that their prospects
for being hired and promoted are being stunted by their habit.
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
這裡的「promoted are being stunted…」
因為是同時要表達「被動」跟「進行」的概念,
所以要補出being,將原形beV Vpp變成進行式的being Vpp。
不能只寫成「are stunted」(只讀出被動的意思),
或者「are stunting」(只讀出進行式)。所以being是必要的,不算冗長。
同樣的用法,請參照此句:
The recent surge in the number of airplane flights
has clogged the nation's air-traffic control system,
leading to a 55-percent increase in delays at airports
and prompting fears among some officials that
safety is being compromised.
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
至於,having出現的時機?
請連讀下面兩個正確句子:
1. Egyptians are credited with having pioneered embalming methods
as long ago as 2650 B.C.
2. Pablo Picasso, the late Spanish painter, credited African art
with having had a strong influence on his work.
大家第一個注意到的共通點是credited with跟having一起出現。
但我必須說,這並不是固定搭配。
我們應該注意的是句意上的共通點:都是在強調時間的持續性。
「Pablo Picasso, the late Spanish painter, credited African art
with having had a strong influence on his work.」
在強調「(在他credited的當下)已經持續影響一段時間了」
而「Egyptians are credited with having pioneered embalming methods
as long ago as 2650 B.C.」
在強調的也是「埃及人 持續 擁有pioneered embalming methods」。
當我們要特別強調「一段時間(持續)」的時候,可以使用have + Vpp的完成式來表達。
---
結論:
看見having/being(beV或助動詞have作為分詞出現時,
請細讀句意,若有以上情形則不可直接刪去。
若是不確定句意是否有表達上述意思,請先去找其他考點,切不可武斷作答。
Dustin
--
Dustin Deng
(一戰自修760,AWA 5.5)
1月Dustin GMAT 機經班:
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SC之句意邏輯與順暢性解析(每日更新):
https://goo.gl/AoShnS
GMAT 準備相關詢問:
[email protected]
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◆ From: 42.66.223.183
※ 編輯: danyuchn 來自: 42.66.223.183 (01/05 20:37)
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