Question 1

元朗千色食肆文茜的世界周報 Sisy's World News 在Facebook 的評價

Accepted Answer

0929新加坡聯合早報*【專家：孟晚舟供詞無助於美國起訴華為】華為首席財務官孟晚舟承認，她在華為與伊朗的業務往來誤導了滙豐銀行。雖然孟晚舟上周對一些事情的承認是這起金融欺詐指控的核心，但法律專家們認為，檢察官很難或許根本不可能在庭審中用來起訴華為。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/china/story20210929-1198353*【美議員質疑孟晚舟案受政治干預】美國共和黨議員呼籲拜登政府提供白宮和司法部之間在華為首席財務官孟晚舟獲釋問題上的溝通。此前，孟晚舟和兩名被北京方面扣押的加拿大人幾乎同時獲釋，引發了對華盛頓政治干預的質疑。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/china/story20210929-1198351*【加拿大將在“未來幾周”就華為5G准入做決定】加拿大總理杜魯多草擬大選後議程，暗示加拿大將很快就華為5G准入問題做出決定。據彭博社報導，杜魯多說：“許多加拿大電信公司，雖然不是全部，已經開始移除網路中的華為設備，並以沒有華為參與的方式向前發展，我們繼續權衡並考慮不同選項，但毫無疑問將在未來幾周內宣佈決定。”https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/china/story20210929-1198346*【王毅：美英澳核潛艇合作帶來三大隱患】中國國務委員兼外長王毅說，美國、英國與澳洲結成三方安全夥伴關係並計畫展開核潛艇合作，給地區和平穩定和國際秩序帶來三大隱患，包括冷戰回潮。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/china/story20210929-1198354*【隱身戰機殲-20已使用國產發動機 軍事學者：標誌中國空軍發展重大突破】知名軍事學者宋忠平對本報表示，殲-20用上國產發動機不僅意味著該機可以批量生產，批量列裝部隊，更標誌著長期困擾中國空軍發展的航空發動機問題有了重大突破。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/news/china/story20210929-1198275*【陸克文：太平洋是衝突熱點 中美發生新冷戰危險真實存在】澳洲前總理陸克文接受德國媒體採訪時指出，中美兩國發生冷戰的危險真實存在。他認為中美尚無意在台海開戰，但太平洋是衝突熱點。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/news/world/story20210929-1198259*【馬克洪：澳洲的決定不會改變法國的印太戰略】法國總統馬克洪表示，澳洲撕毀潛艇合同的決定，不會改變法國在印太地區的戰略，但其後果仍有待評估。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/world/story20210928-1198219*【馬克洪：法國大使將于9月29日返回華盛頓】法國總統馬克洪表示，此前因法美外交危機被召回巴黎的法國大使，將于週三返回華盛頓。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/world/story20210928-1198207*【自民黨總裁選戰倒計時 產經新聞獨家爆內幕】自民黨總裁選舉進入倒計時，日本時間29日下午1時舉行投票。《產經新聞》網今早發獨家內幕，透露競選人前外長岸田文雄與前總務大臣高市早苗28日晚在東京會面約定兩大陣營合作，協議對抗行政改革部長河野太郎。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/world/story20210929-1198362*【奧斯汀：阿富汗政府軍無預警潰散出乎所有人的意料】美國國防部長奧斯丁說，五角大廈完全沒料到阿富汗軍隊會突然崩潰，參謀長聯席會議主席米利和中央司令部司令麥肯齊也確認，塔利班攻佔阿富汗的速度以及獲美國支援的阿富汗政府的迅速垮臺，令他們措手不及。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/world/story20210929-1198342*【美商務部長指中國政府阻擋航空公司購買美國飛機】美國商務部長雷蒙多說，中國政府正在阻止其國內航空公司購買數以百億美元計的美國飛機。路透社報導，雷蒙多在華盛頓一場活動後的答問環節表示，中國並未履行其與美國前任政府達成的貿易協定承諾。根據2020年中美第一階段貿易協定，北京承諾多購買美國商品。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/world/story20210929-1198361*【美參謀總長說致電中國旨為緊張局勢降溫】美國參謀長聯席會議主席米利說，他在前總統川普即將卸任前與中國中央軍委聯合參謀部參謀長李作成進行兩次通話，目的是讓緊張局勢“降溫”，他也確定特朗普無意對中國發動攻擊。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/world/story20210929-1198337*【飛行速度超過音速五倍 美成功試射高超音速武器】美國國防部說，美國上周成功試射飛行速度超過音速五倍的高超音速武器。這是自2013年以來美國首次成功試射這類尖端武器。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/news/world/story20210929-1198262*【朝鮮向東部海域發射疑似超音速導彈 學者：試探韓國是否接受“取消雙重標準“】朝鮮昨日向東部海域發射了一枚近程導彈，由於其飛行特點與朝鮮此前發射的飛行器不同，韓方初步判斷這可能是朝鮮首次試射了超音速導彈。分析認為，朝鮮一邊表達對話意願，一邊繼續採取軍事行動，似乎是在試探韓國是否接受金與正作為改善關係前提條件提出的“取消雙重標準”。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/news/world/story20210929-1198257*【美俄將于本周舉行第二輪戰略會談】美國國務院表示，美國和俄羅斯將在本周晚些時候舉行第二輪戰略會談，試圖解決雙方在核武器及網路安全等方面的分歧。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/world/story20210928-1198221*【中國國家電網緊急會議：電力保供工作為最緊迫政治任務】中國多個省份本月相繼拉閘限電，應對供電緊張局面。中國國家電網有限公司昨天召開保障供電緊急電視電話會議，強調要把電力保供工作作為當前最重要、最緊迫的政治任務，並做好國慶保電與迎峰度冬準備工作。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/china/story20210929-1198339*【葉倫：美國財政部恐在10月18日前後耗盡現金】美國財政部長葉倫28日在出席國會參議院銀行、住房和城市事務委員會聽證會時表示，財政部為籌集政府運轉資金而啟動的非常規手段預計將在10月18日用盡舉債空間。屆時，若國會還未解決債務上限問題，聯邦政府將出現歷史上首次債務違約，從而影響美國信譽，恐引發金融危機和經濟衰退。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/world/story20210929-1198338*【德國民調：多數民眾支持社民黨、綠黨和自民黨聯合組閣】德國民意調查機構迪麥頗公司（Infratest Dimap）公佈了德國聯邦議院選舉之後的首次民調結果。民調顯示，55%的民眾支援社民黨、綠黨和自民黨組成德國新一屆政府內閣，而支持聯盟黨、綠黨和自民黨聯合組閣的人數僅占33%。有超過三分之一的民眾表示，對大選結果“滿意”或“非常滿意”。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/world/story20210928-1198224*【德國社民黨希望在本周開啟聯盟談判】德國社會民主黨表示，他們希望在本周晚些時候與綠黨和自由民主黨討論群組建三方政府的問題。社民黨在星期天的全國大選中以微差險勝執政16年的保守派聯盟黨。綠黨和自由民主黨在許多問題上存在很大分歧，他們表示，在與社民黨或保守派開始談判之前，他們將首先相互交談，尋求妥協的領域。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/world/story20210928-1198195*【挪威公共衛生研究所 將冠病歸類為普通流感】挪威公共衛生研究所認定，冠病病毒已不比流感病毒來得危險，因此將冠病歸類為風險等同普通流感的呼吸道疾病。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/news/world/story20210929-1198256*【或是終結疫情關鍵 數千種治冠病口服藥 正在美國等地臨床試驗】冠病疫情仍在全球肆虐，單靠疫苗仍有極限，如今隨著針對冠病治療藥物的研發越來越多，口服藥可能成為終結全球冠病疫情的關鍵。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/news/world/story20210929-1198260*【輝瑞向美國提交5至11歲兒童接種冠病疫苗初步資料】美國輝瑞公司和德國BioNTech公司向美國食品與藥物管理局（FDA）提交了針對5-11歲兒童接種冠病疫苗的初步試驗資料。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/world/story20210929-1198368*【日本第五波疫情放緩 明日全面解除緊急防疫措施】日本第五波冠病疫情持續半年多後終於放緩，政府昨日宣佈將如期在本月30日全面解除緊急防疫措施。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/news/world/story20210929-1198261*【柬逾82%人口打至少一劑疫苗 洪森盼11月實現群體免疫】柬埔寨已有超過82%的人口接種了至少一劑冠病疫苗，首相洪森希望到了11月能夠實現群體免疫，但抗疫挑戰不容樂觀。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/news/sea/story20210929-1198271*【雲頂刁曼島“旅遊泡泡”推遲 須等接種率達90%才開放】馬來西亞政府上周宣佈全國成人人口接種率達90%才開放旅遊景點之後，原定本週五啟動的雲頂和刁曼島“旅遊泡泡”將推遲。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/news/sea/story20210929-1198273*【紐西蘭冠病確診病例躍增】紐西蘭29日通報的新增冠病確診病例為45起，較週二通報的8起大幅上升。路透社報導，紐西蘭新增的45起確診病例都是出現在其最大城市奧克蘭。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/world/story20210929-1198352*【人道危機不斷加深 聯合國報告：緬甸約有300萬人急待救援】聯合國人道事務協調署報告，軍人2月1日發動政變的後續影響以及冠病疫情持續惡化，使這場人道危機不斷加深。根據報告，緬甸目前需要人道援助的300萬人中，多達200萬人是軍人政變發生後被確定陷入困境的。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/news/sea/story20210929-1198272*【緬甸軍方宣佈暫停軍事行動五個月】緬甸國防軍司令部發表聲明宣佈，為紀念第75屆緬甸聯邦節和回應聯合國關於呼籲緬甸各方停火的決議，政府軍將暫停軍事行動五個月，並將停火期限延長到明年2月底，以幫助實施防疫工作和推進和平進程。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/world/story20210928-1198216*【塔利班發言人：期望很快能在聯合國代表阿富汗】由塔利班任命為阿富汗常駐聯合國代表的沙欣表示，他期望自己很快能在聯合國代表阿富汗。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/world/story20210928-1198210*【傳中國政府鼓勵國企或萬科等 收購恆大部分資產減少社會動盪】路透社引述六名消息人士（其中四人來自政府管理部門）稱，中國中央政府不太可能以資金紓困方式，直接出手解決恆大危機。但政府希望資產收購，可以避免或至少減輕恆大倒閉後可能出現的社會動盪程度。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/finance/china/story20210929-1198286*【中國網路遊戲和動畫片整改壓力倍增】中國娛樂圈地震餘波蔓延至二次元世界，網路遊戲和動畫面對的整改壓力倍增。業內人士披露，官方進一步收緊網遊審查，面容柔美的男性角色、刺客、海盜等職業，乃至喝酒和紋身畫面，都成為通過審查“雷區”。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/news/china/story20210929-1198276*【泰國洪水導致五天內6人死亡2人失蹤】泰國內政部防災減災廳28日在該機構網站上發佈的報告中稱，由於9月23日至27日期間的季節性洪水，泰國有六人死亡，兩人失蹤。由季節性熱帶風暴“電母”引起的洪水於9月23日在全國蔓延，影響了泰國77個府中的30個府。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/world/story20210928-1198225*【進口仿製槍危害公共安全 哥倫比亞罪案節節上升】哥倫比亞12年前允許仿製槍進口，至今業者已合法售出160萬支。當地安全專家指出，雖說仿製槍“殺不死人”，但對公共安全的影響是“致命性”的，這些年當地罪案出現上升趨勢。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/news/world/story20210929-1198258

Question 2

元朗千色食肆文茜的世界周報 Sisy's World News 在Facebook 的評價

Accepted Answer

0806新加坡聯合早報*【Novavax冠病疫苗向美申請緊急使用授權再推遲】美國製藥公司Novavax向美國申請冠病疫苗緊急使用授權的時間表再次推遲。路透社報導， Novavax預計將在今年內成為中低收入國家的主要冠病疫苗分銷商，該疫苗需要注射兩劑。Novavax此前表示，將在2021年第三季度向美國食品與藥物管理局（FDA）申請緊急使用授權，現在預計將推遲至第四季度提交申請。Novavax股價在盤後交易中下跌了約7%。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/world/story20210806-1178573*【布林肯：美國將撥50萬美元 支援東協國家購買疫苗】美國國務卿布林肯強調，美國會致力於引領全球應對冠病疫情，並宣佈將為東協應對冠病疫情基金提供50萬美元，以支援東協國家購買冠病疫苗。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/news/world/story20210806-1178486*【白宮證實考慮要求外國旅客出示冠病疫苗證明】美國白宮證實，正在考慮要求外國旅客出示冠病疫苗接種證明，以便重啟國際旅行。路透社報導，美國白宮冠病疫情應對協調員齊恩茨表示，一個跨機構工作組正在制定相關計畫，可能會要求外國公民提供某種冠病疫苗接種證明。由於Delta變種冠病病毒正在擴散，美國政府依然沒有恢復國際旅行的時間表。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/world/story20210806-1178565*【莫德納：第二劑疫苗接種六個月後有效率達93%】冠病疫苗製造商莫德納表示，其疫苗在注射第二劑後4至6個月內的有效性約有93%，與最初臨床試驗中報告的94%有效性接近。莫德納週四發表聲明，稱後期研究最終分析結果顯示，接種者完成標準的兩劑疫苗接種後，疫苗保護力能長期保持穩定。93%的有效性與94%的初步效力相差無幾。據報導，冠病疫苗有效性可能逐步減退的擔憂引發了接種加強劑的辯論。一些國家已經開始向脆弱人群提供第三劑疫苗，但是世衛組織秘書長譚德塞則呼籲，在發展中國家更多人完成接種前，應暫緩提供加強劑。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/world/story20210805-1178421*【讓窮國接種率儘快趕上 世衛籲各國暫停接種冠病疫苗加強劑】世界衛生組織呼籲各國暫停接種冠病疫苗加強劑，好讓窮國在接種率方面能夠儘快趕上。不過，美國、德國、法國及以色列都表態拒絕世衛的要求。美國尚未決定是否追加接種冠病疫苗，但法國及德國將從9月開始為抵抗力弱及年長者追加第三劑疫苗接種，而以色列則呼籲年長者注射第三劑疫苗。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/news/world/story20210806-1178492*【法最高法院批准擴大健康通行證適用範圍】法國最高法院憲法委員會批准政府提交的“健康通行證”法案部分內容，允許擴大健康通行證適用範圍等，以應對新一波冠病疫情。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/world/story20210806-1178561*【馬克洪：老年人和弱勢群體或可在9月注射第三劑冠病疫苗】法國總統馬克洪表示，老年人和弱勢群體很可能需要注射第三劑冠病疫苗，而法國正在努力從9月起推出這項接種計畫。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/world/story20210805-1178400*【印尼經濟一年多來首次增長 分析師：復甦或只是曇花一現】印尼經濟今年第二季回彈，一年多來首次出現增長。不過分析師警告，隨著冠病疫情加劇，確診病例激增，經濟復甦可能只是曇花一現。印尼中央統計局公佈，該國經濟在4月至6月的季度與去年同期相比增長7.07％。這一數字高於印尼央行先前預測的6.75％。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/news/sea/story20210806-1178470*【馬國單日新增病例首次超過2萬起 慕尤丁：將放寬對已接種者防疫管制】馬來西亞冠病新增病例5日再攀高，達到2萬零596起。不過，當局宣佈不再以每日新增病例作為評估八個州屬是否進一步放寬防疫管制的標準。首相慕尤丁則說，他將在今天或明天宣佈放寬對完成接種兩劑疫苗者的防疫管制。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/news/sea/story20210806-1178465*【泰國死亡與確診病例持續上升 停屍間爆滿得租集裝箱應急】泰國新增確診病例4日首次達2萬起，週四再度邁過這個大關，並新增死亡病例160起，使累計死例增至5663起。在曼谷以北的國立法政大學醫院，停屍間已經爆滿，院方必須租用特別集裝箱來存放冠病死者遺體。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/news/sea/story20210806-1178469*【世衛：非洲冠病死亡病例7月未破紀錄】世界衛生組織表示，截至8月1日的過去一周，非洲與冠病有關的死亡人數達到了創紀錄的高峰。世衛組織在一份聲明中說，非洲在該時間段記錄的死亡人數超過6400人，與前一周相比增加了2%。其中，南非和突尼斯占總死亡人數的55%以上。世衛補充說，非洲大陸15個國家的死亡趨勢正在上升。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/world/story20210805-1178423*【東京新增逾5000起新冠病病例 達單日最高增幅】日本東京新增超過5000起冠病確診病例，達疫情爆發以來單日最大增幅。日本放送協會報導，消息人士透露，東京報告新增5042起冠病確診病例，為疫情開始以來的單日最大增幅，也是首次單日新增超過5000起。另外，全日本週四也新增超過1萬5000起新冠病病例，達該國單日最高增幅。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/world/story20210805-1178404*【中國新增本土確診病例80例涉七省】中國昨天新增冠病本土確診病例80例，包括江蘇61例，湖南九例，湖北六例，內蒙古一例，河南一例，海南一例，雲南一例。根據中國國家衛健委網站消息，昨天還新增無症狀感染者58例，其中本土21例，包括湖北12例，河南八例，湖南一例。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/china/story20210806-1178584*【廣東以外省份赴港者須持三天內核酸證明】香港政府公佈從大陸、澳門及臺灣赴港者的檢疫及冠病檢測最新安排，包括增加強制檢測次數等。來自中國大陸、澳門及臺灣的抵港者，增加抵港後第9、16和19天的強制檢測，即連同早前已規定的檢測日數，共要接受最少六次檢測。新增強制檢測要求適用於所有於8月4日或以後抵港者（包括通過“回港易”回港的人）。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/china/story20210806-1178563*【中國宣佈今年將努力向全球提供20億劑疫苗】中國國家主席習近平宣佈，中國將在今年努力向全球提供20億劑冠病疫苗，並決定向冠病疫苗實施計畫（COVAX）捐贈1億美元，用於向發展中國家分配疫苗。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/china/story20210806-1178579*【科興將提交Delta毒株疫苗緊急使用申請】中國最早進入附條件上市的兩家冠病滅活疫苗公司，科興和中生已開展對Delta變異株的疫苗研發。其中科興還將提交針對Delta株的克爾來福的緊急使用申請。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/china/story20210806-1178577*【拜登簽署備忘錄 對部分港人提供“延期強制離境”庇護】美國總統拜登簽署備忘錄，對部分滯留美國的港人提供“延期強制離境”庇護。中國外交部駐港公署譴責美國的做法，並指美國惺惺作態提供避風港。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/china/story20210806-1178564*【拜登定2030年零排放汽車銷量占比50%目標】美國總統拜登簽署一項行政命令，旨在實現2030年零排放汽車占新車總銷量的50%，並提出直到2026年的新車排放規則以減少污染。拜登在白宮南草坪簽署該行政命令時強調，其政府將採取措施加強美國在清潔能源汽車和卡車方面的領導地位。拜登的目標沒有法律約束力，但贏得了美國和外國主要汽車製造商的支持，但它們表示，要實現這個目標，需要數十億美元的政府資金。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/world/story20210806-1178562*【研究：11西方高收入國家之中 美衛生保健系統表現最差】英聯邦基金會發表一份研究報告，比較包括美國在內的11個西方高收入國家的衛生保健系統表現，結果顯示，美國排名再次倒數第一。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/news/world/story20210806-1178490*【泰國崗卡章森林綜合體 獲列為世界文化遺產】聯合國教科文組織世界遺產委員會近日將泰國位於泰緬邊境的崗卡章森林綜合體納入世界文化遺產名錄，然而先前聯合國人權專家卻指出，在該國家公園生活的克倫族人的人權正遭受侵害。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/news/sea/story20210806-1178468*【美國淘金老鎮在加州最大山火中化為灰燼】美國加利福尼亞州一個歷史悠久的淘金小鎮遭山火夷為平地。橫貫加州的內華達山脈正遭到歷來最大山火的肆虐，近1萬6000人疏散。加州格林維爾鎮（Greenville）官員拉瑪法在臉書發佈視頻說：“我們今晚失去了格林維爾……我非常心痛這裡的人們正在經歷的一切。”https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/world/story20210806-1178581*【印太司令：美軍要確保 亞太地區包括台海保持現狀】美國印太司令阿奎利諾上將4日說，美軍在印太地區的重要任務是確保亞太地區，包括臺灣海峽的現狀得以保持。他還說，中國大陸在香港、新疆、中印邊境，以及南中國海等地區的做法令美軍擔憂，也讓他有一種緊迫感必須對中國實施“一體化威懾”。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/news/world/story20210806-1178491*【貝魯特港大爆炸一周年 民眾示威要求查明真相】黎巴嫩首都貝魯特港口去年8月4日發生大爆炸，造成至少218死、7000人傷。週三（4日）是大爆炸發生一周年，貝魯特成千上萬民眾上街示威，要求查明真相，並敦促政府問責下臺。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/news/world/story20210806-1178487*【伊朗新任總統宣誓就職】伊朗邁赫爾通訊社報導，根據伊朗憲法，萊希週四（5日）在議會公開宣誓就任總，並在伊朗司法總監和憲法監護委員會成員面前簽署宣誓檔。受到疫情影響，就職典禮將比以往更加簡短，阿富汗總統加尼、伊拉克總統巴爾哈姆、委內瑞拉副總統羅德里格斯等70多個國家的代表出席。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/world/story20210805-1178434*【白羅斯總統要求關閉西南部邊界 杜絕非法移民活動】為避免非法移民使用白羅斯為跳板到歐洲鄰國，白羅斯總統盧卡申科要求關閉西南部邊界。盧卡申科在舉行邊境局勢會議上說，即日起，無論是從西邊還是南邊，鄰國來的人不能踏入白羅斯國境。此次會議後將進行討論，“關閉每一米邊界”。盧卡申科說，非法移民希望從白羅斯前往鄰國，鄰國已經開始採取措施，遣返入境的非法移民。“白羅斯應該避免非法移民被遣送回來”。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/world/story20210805-1178431*【拒回國白羅斯短跑女將：很高興處於安全狀態】被強制送回國而拒絕登機的白羅斯短跑女將Krystsina Tsimanouskaya在抵達波蘭一天後表示“很高興處於安全狀態”。法新社報導，24歲克莉絲蒂娜4日離開東京，登上了前往奧地利首都維也納的班機。她之後從維也納進入波蘭首都華沙。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/world/story20210805-1178426*【委內瑞拉貨幣嚴重貶值 宣佈發行新鈔票“砍六零“】委內瑞拉中央銀行將從受通貨膨脹困擾的貨幣玻利瓦爾省“砍掉六個零”，以使其更容易使用。這一變化將於10月1日隨著新鈔票的發行而生效。法新社報導，馬杜羅總統領導左派政府的中央銀行說：所有以國家銀行發行的貨幣金額將被除以100萬。”他說，這一舉措的目的是為了 “促進”玻利瓦爾省的使用。據報導，這個曾經富裕的石油生產國正在經歷其第四年的惡性通貨膨脹和第八年的經濟衰退。從今年1月至5月，該國的物品價格已經上漲了265%。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/world/story20210805-1178429*【韓美聯合軍演規模或將縮小】韓聯社報導，韓國國防部發言人夫勝粲在例行記者會上表示，韓美國防部正在對下半年聯合軍演的時間、規模和形式等細節進行協調溝通。鑒於冠病疫情等情況，演習規模或將縮小。據悉，韓美軍方計畫於8月10日至13日舉行危機管理參謀訓練，於8月16日至26日舉行下半年聯合指揮所演習。青瓦台核心人士透露，總統文在寅4日接受國防工作報告時指示，綜合考慮疫情形勢等各種因素，與美方就聯演慎重進行協調。https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/world/story20210805-1178419

Question 3

元朗千色食肆 在Facebook 的評價

Accepted Answer

「地獄空」攝影集即將在八月中元節前出版，由知名設計師與攝影家黃子欽設計，內附在下二位高徒精美繪製符咒、心經版畫書籤、愣嚴咒牌、尊勝咒語...等，感恩十方大德助印，希望疫情退散，平安喜樂，後記如下：

野放台灣五十餘年，貪狼獨坐，三方四正殺破狼格局，少年多舛，白手起家，隨展覽雲遊四海，如閒雲野鶴常持各類底片機流連廢墟、山川、宮廟忘返，遂設幻影堂自詡堂主，一日三省「凡所有相皆是虛妄」，常宅於暗房沖片放大通宵、鍾情黑白世界之單純，彩色照片俗世繽紛花俏做作甜美甚至比現實更現實故少拍也。知天命之年有餘，了悟人生一瞬、眨眼即逝，雖非仙人，亦無道骨，初聞離垢地生清淨心，但離華嚴「不動地」尚遠，待修持也。
2017年盛暑拍畢《巨神連線》，心律不整差點心肌梗塞向閻羅王報到，意識死神隨伺在側，人生苦短，如何了生脫死、盡斷煩惱、無所罣礙、遠離顛倒……總不得解，蒙釋迦摩尼佛開示飆淚三晝夜，聞佛法數載始知自我渺如塵埃，甚感慚愧。閒暇乃參訪名寺古剎，禮敬焚香佛陀菩薩羅漢諸神天仙王爺媽娘，台灣宮廟千奇百怪、宗派錯綜複雜（佛教、道教、一貫道、天主教、基督教、齋教、回教＆大同教、儒教鑾堂、天帝教＆天德教、慈惠堂＆勝安宮、軒轅教、道院、理教、萬國道德會、會靈山……）、神棍橫行（依人不依法、偶像崇拜、斂財、邪淫），因歷史變遷、社會動盪、政治鬥爭、意識形態等因素導致佛道混雜，但地獄造景稀少，後專注拍攝各殿閻王、判官、陰司、獄卒、七爺、八爺乃至一切罪人，各寺造景巧妙、耐人尋味，意境乖張溢於言表，造型扭曲非常人所能塑也，然匠心獨運、自成一格，專研西方藝術數十載方知真誠樸拙最美，絲毫不輸喬托（Giotto di Bondone，1267～1337）乃至米開朗基羅（Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni 1475 ~ 1564）矣。

創立於1986年的石門金剛宮風景優美可眺望北濱，雖主祀四面佛，儒釋道眾神尊也不含糊，可過七星橋解厄、繞行五百黝黑羅漢敲鑼印心、跪拜亞洲最大臥佛涅槃像，安太歲自不在話下，甲子太歲爺雙眼長出手掌印象甚深，1994年經閻羅王指示廟公建造一條肚內設極樂世界及陰曹地府之神龍，行走暗黑通道觸動感應機關，只見面容猙獰受刑者呼天搶地喊冤、身邊盡是血肉糢糊殘肢敗屍腦漿塗地，十殿閻羅各司其職、威儀攝人。新北市林口區青嶺湖北文紫祥宮包公廟則以壁面彩塑地獄浮雕獨步全台，粉嫩色彩搭配卡漫風格，尤為造型簡直恐怖到可愛透頂，該廟主祀森羅殿閻羅天子包拯（包青天），陽世冤屈者可至此參拜祭解，求破懸案者眾，逢中元普渡皆以紙紮船渡亡魂至彼岸，全台唯一閻羅天子巨像籌備中，四周環繞墓地，適合修不淨觀也。台灣首尊彰化八卦山大佛旁南天宮（1971）地府則是首座電動地府，規模精小但驚嚇度破表，略顯破敗但五光十色仍蠻凶悍，出自已故台南大道長金登富之作，而電動神明起始可追溯至1960年代北港朝天宮。倒是嘉義水上鄉白人牙膏觀光工廠「戴相府」、「將軍府」設置十殿地府出乎意料之外，乾淨亮麗、ㄧ殿ㄧ間、簡單樸實。由高雄蓮潭龍虎塔龍口入內可見全臺唯一交趾陶地獄牆面，尊尊栩栩如生，續入龍身乃進聞聲救苦白衣觀音大士三十三化身浮雕隧道，造型設色甚為古錐。高雄大岡山超峰寺入口處「西方三聖蓮池海會」（阿彌陀佛、觀世音菩薩、大勢至菩薩巨像）旁設靜態十殿閻羅（1970年代初），雖略為陳舊然韻味猶存，續往上行可抵「證菩提道－釋迦如來應化事迹」雕塑園區，一攬世尊畢生精華。如來年邁時，琉璃國王為報長期被釋迦族輕蔑之傲慢心，世尊雖三次單獨伽跌坐阻擋大軍進攻之路，但因緣果報無法逆轉，昔日婢女所生王子瞋恨無以復加，還是滅了祖國。自持神通第一目犍連不忍無辜百姓慘遭屠殺，遂以缽盛救度五百族人，最終卻化為血水，佛言神通廣大仍不敵千百劫業力，因緣果報屢試不爽。其母死後墜入餓鬼道飢餓難耐，目犍連遂展神通救渡，但所食尚未入口皆化為赤火，佛陀囑咐農曆七月十五日僧眾解安居自恣日，於盆中設甘露美食供養十方僧眾，因此超度亡母。後世「盂蘭盆法會」乃至「水懺法會」、「瑜珈焰口法會」皆為消業障、斷塵垢之超渡儀軌，既渡亡魂也自懺悔。

台南麻豆代天府規模宏大、造型豔麗，不但可遊十八層地獄尚可逛天堂（1979年興建，1983年開放)，燈光絢爛、聲響駭人，獨自漫步宛如觀落陰、地獄走一回。先過「心頭山」、入「清心池」、進「陰陽界」、抵「交簿廳」、達「鬼門關」、遊「補經所」、探「枉死城」、行「奈何橋」，至ㄧ殿泰廣王照「孽鏡台」現造惡原形，睹抱柱、火床等小地獄。二殿楚江王開「陰查簿」判案定奪，觀糞尿泥、餓鬼、舞池、寒冰、膿血、鞭韃、舌犁、劍葉、戟腹拋接、砧截……等小地獄。三殿宋帝王刑罰為倒吊、銅鐵刮臉、挖眼、搗樁、倒烤、吸血、穿肋、抽筋、蛆蛀等小地獄……兼遊「四生（胎、卵、濕、化）回魂府」。四殿五官王掌管腰斬、拔舌、沸湯、刺嘴、剝皮、箭樹、車崩、射眼……等十六小地獄。隨五殿森羅王豋「望鄉臺」回眸親人最終眼後觀擊膝、誅心、刀山、飛刀火石……小地獄。六殿卞城王別稱「大叫喚大地獄」，轄火牛、虎啖、噬腎、鉗嘴含鍼、釘喉、磨摧、砍頭……等小地獄。七殿泰山王為「熱惱大地獄」，窺烙手指、抽腸、頂石蹲身、油釜滾烹、割舌穿腮……等十六小地獄。八殿都市王掌管「大熱惱大地獄」兼火狗、鐵汁、鐵蛇、鋸劈斷肢、釘板、灸脊、鐵丸、磅秤……等小地獄。九殿平等王直轄十八層「阿鼻大地獄」，直透地心、內中陰森、不見五指、滿溢地漿，皆為極犯，另轄紫赤毒蛇鑽孔、夾頂、鐵鴉、針雨、蜂蠍……等小地獄。至十殿輪轉王上「觀生臺」、「轉劫所八司」（查驗司、稽善司、考過司、恩怨司、壽命司、支配司、掌劫司、授生司）後至「孟婆亭」飲「醧忘湯」忘盡前塵往事，依前世功德過金、銀、玉、石、木、竹六種橋樑至「轉輪臺（紫河車）」入六道輪迴轉生投胎。據《十八泥犁經》記載，人過世後七七四十九天為「中陰生」，經閻羅王審判善惡業力判定去留或懲罰百千萬劫，犯五逆重罪則墮入「無間地獄（阿鼻地獄）」永劫不復。地藏王乃幽冥教主，統轄十殿閻羅，逢三曹普渡便在各殿設「講道所」超度尚存善根之鬼魂。

人類居於五趣（阿修羅、人、傍生、餓鬼、地獄）雜居地五濁惡世之堪忍世界，犯十惡業（殺生、偷盜、邪淫、妄語、兩舌、惡口、綺語、貪慾、嗔恚、愚痴）者必墮三趣惡道。如何出「三界」（欲界、色界、無色界）二十八天？凡人無此意識，別說能破「十二因緣」（無明、行、識、名色、六入、觸、受、愛、取、有、生、老死）還滅門，更別想斷除「四聖諦」（苦、集、滅、道）集地八十一品見惑與八十八使思惑（五利使-身見、邊見、邪見、見取見、戒禁取見、五鈍使-貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑），了悟「五蘊」（色、受、想、行、識）本空、「十二入」（眼、耳、鼻、舌、意、色、聲、香、味、觸、法）空、「十八界」空，破俱生我執與分別我執、法執甚至空執，生十一處「善心所」（信、精進、慚、愧、無貪、無瞋、無痴、輕安、不放逸、行捨、不害），降二十六處「惡心所」（貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑、惡見、忿、恨、覆、惱、嫉、慳、誑、諂、害、憍、無慚、無愧、掉舉、惛沉、不信、懈怠、放逸、失念、散亂、不正知），須知善根斷盡則陷永劫輪迴、無垠轉世之苦。

地獄可能空滅嗎？若地獄空乏人間多鬼怪，地獄淨空世間何嘗非淨土？若能證空性何處現地獄？

地獄曠古來便廣泛流傳各部族間，老死生滅為自然運行之基礎、宇宙意識之核心，然今文明昌盛如咱城邦並非慾望消弭之所，惡性所及實無可根除，礙於憲法國家法律社會軍隊企業公司學校家庭團體之層層束縛不亞於十八層，乃遁於壓抑、束己情懷，暗埋心底、日久貪嗔痴慢疑怨噌會疊穢。而六塵未熄，心多妄念，妖魔鬼怪魑魅魍魎孤魂閃靈出沒於荒郊乃至人間，會靈於曠野密林以增性靈乃出世高人修煉之舉，我等凡人擅闖宛如迪士尼般之人造地獄，三魂七魄尚不足以出竅，驚邪恐怖淒厲猙獰倒滿足了自以為是的慚愧，豈不謬哉？

病毒肆虐年半有餘，全球確診者逼近一億八千萬，枉死者近四百萬，堪比戰爭規模，望眾生發慈悲心、令往生者安息、善待其他物種、平等有情眾生。地獄本空，唯妄念生起一切羨慕嫉妒恨而地獄現前。盡以此書作為世界新冷戰獨裁者、超限戰者、暗網駭客、陰險狡猾冷嘲熱諷落井下石者之良知備忘錄矣。

姚瑞中寫於2021年端午節

Postscript

I have been living recklessly in Taiwan for more than fifty years. According to Zi Wei Dou Shu (Purple Star Astrology), Tan Lang is the sole star in my house of Self. This star, which represents xxx, forms an equilateral triangle with that star Qi Sha and Po Jun on the square chart and constitutes a Sha Po Lang pattern. The pattern indicates a kind of turbulence and change, a life of wandering with ups and downs and it tells a lot about my life. After my ill-fated youth, I started from scratch and traveled around the world with exhibitions that I participated. Like a flaneur, I wandered around ruins, nature, and temples with every type of film camera obliviously. Thus, I founded the Hall of Illusion and claimed to be the master of the hall. Several times a day, I pondered a quote from the Diamond Sutra, “Everything with form is unreal.” In addition, I usually stayed in the darkroom developing film and enlarging those negatives overnight. However, I treasured the simplicity of the black and white world. The earthly, gaudy, garish, phony and pleasing qualities within colored photos make the images even more realistic than the real world. It is not my cup of tea, so I seldom took colored photos. In Confucian thought, the age of fifty marks the stage knowing the mandate of Heaven. I am now at my fifties and realize how ephemeral human life is. However, I am not an immortal, nor having sagelike characteristics. I just learned that the stage of stainless (the second bhūmi) and develop a pure mind that is free from doubt and defilement. However, I’m still far from the immovable state and need to practice.

In the summer of 2017, after filming the work Incarnation, I experienced a severe heart rhythm problem which almost triggered myocardial infarction and could have killed me. Consequently, I realized that death was waiting for me and the life is too short to figure out how I can liberate myself from the cycle of Birth and Death. I couldn’t comprehend how to be free from all afflictions and worries and how to avoid delusive ideas. I wept for three days and nights after being enlightened by Shakyamuni Buddha. Up to the moment, I felt ashamed that I failed to realize that the self is as insignificant as dust after these years learning and practicing Buddhism. Since then, I have visited famous temples and monasteries in my spare time, worshiping Buddha, Bodhisattvas, arhats, and all the deities and immortals. Taiwan’s temples are myriad with a enormous number of sects, including Buddhism, Taoism, Yiguandao, Catholicism, Christianity, Chinese religions of fasting, Islam& Baháʼí Faith, Confucianism, Tiandiism& Tian-De Teachings, Xiwangmu cult, Yellow Emperor Sect, Precosmic Salvationism, Liism, World Wide Ethical Society, séance cult, etc. Some people even claim that they can mediate communication between the deities or spirits of the dead with human beings, having their believer rely on themselves instead of the orthodox dharma or dogma and pay excessive respect and admiration for the mediums or objects, accumulating wealth through such an unfair means or even harassing their believer sexually. Due to Taiwan’s historical changes, social turbulence, political struggles, and ideological issues, Buddhism and Taoism are somehow mixed. However, there are few emphases on the concept of the hell. As I took photographs of Yama of each court, judges, wardens of the underworld, jailers, General Fan and Hsieh (the ghost escorts) and all sinners, I found few temples cleverly created hellish scenes that are intriguing, exaggerating, and extraordinary. However, the creations are unparalleled unique. I have been studying Western arts for decades and then I came to realize that simplicity makes the most beautiful works of art. These hellish scenes can even compete with works of Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337) and Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (1475-1564).

Jingang Temple Shimen District, founded in 1986, overlooks the beautiful North shore. Although the temple is mainly dedicated to Phra Phrom (the Thai representation of Mahabrahma), spirits of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism can also be founded in the temple. The worshipper can go cross the Seven Star bridge to relieve bad luck, walk along the five hundred arhat statues and knock on the gong to affirm one’s Buddha nature. Furthermore, the worshipper can also prostrate themself before Asia’s largest statue of Buddha in Nirvana (the Reclining Buddha statue) and pacify the Taoist Tai Sui deity of the year. I was impressed by the Jia-Zi Tai Sui General that a pair of palms grow out of his eyes. In 1994, the biō-kong (the person taking charge of the temporal affairs of a temple) received a divine inspiration from Yama (the King of Hell) that he had to build a sacred hall in the shape of a divine dragon, with the interior designed according to the World of Ultimate Bliss and the Underworld. When the visitor walks in the dark hallway, they will see the tortured people (dioramas, of course) scrunching their faces and crying bitterly and loudly in excessive grief as the visitor triggers the mechanism. One will even find them in the midst of flesh, body liquid and blood, mutilated limbs, and rotten corpses. While each of the ten Yamas are focusing on their own duties, showing their sacred dignity that collect visitors’ attention. The Baogong Temple in Linkou District, New Taipei City exclusively features colorful depiction of hellish scenes in relief in Taiwan. With its pastel shades and cartoon-like style, the relief is both grotesque and adorable at the same time. This temple is dedicated to Bao Zhen (also known as Justice Bao) representing the incarnation of Yama. Living people who have been treated unjustly can come worshipping Bao Gong and receive exorcism. Therefore, many people come here for seeking to solve unsolved cases. In Zhongyuan Festival (the ghost festival), the temple will burn the Zhizha (paper craft) boat to ferry the ghosts to the other shore, which is the shore of enlightenment. The only giant statue of Yama in Taiwan is still in the making. The temple is surrounded by a cemetery, suitable for meditating on the loathsomeness and impurity. Nantian Temple (1971), located next to the Eight Trigram Mountains Buddha in Changhua, features the first animatronic underworld. Despite the small size, the animatronic underworld is intensely shocking. Though it’s slightly worn, the colorful dioramas are still brutally ferocious. The creator was the late venerable Dao Zhang (Taoist priest) Jing Deng-fu while the origin of animatronic deities can be traced back to the 1960s Beigang Chaotian Temple. On the contrary, the Whiteman Toothpaste Tourism Factory in Shuishang Township, Chiayi, features ten Yamas with individual booth. The place is unexpectedly clean and polished yet keeps a simple and modest tone. Then, the Dragon Pagoda of the Dragon and Tiger Pagodas at Lotus Lake in Zuoying, Kaohsiung, holds the only relief of hellish scenes made of Kochin ceramic. All the figures are vivid and life-like. If one goes further into the pagoda, they will see a relief tunnel of the thirty-three incarnations of the white-robed form of Guanyin (Avalokiteśvara) on a white lotus, with a lovely and interesting design. Another Hall of Yama is built in the 1970s next to the entrance of Dagangshan Chaofeng Temple, located in the Alian District of Kaohsiung. Visitors will also see three statues of the Three Holy Ones of the Western Pureland (Amitābha, Avalokiteśvara, Mahāsthāmaprāpta) which assemble at a lotus pond. Although the hellish scene looks somewhat antiquated, you may still find its previous charm. If one goes further, they will reach the sculptural garden of “Attaining the Bodhi Way: the Incarnation of Sakyamuni Buddha,” where the visitor can see the essence of Bhagavato’s (meaning the Blessed one, one of the common epithets for Buddha) life. When Tathāgata (another epithet for Buddha) was old, the king of Kosala wanted to avenge the arrogance of the tribe of Shakyas who had long despised him, regarding him as a son of a maiden. Although Buddha has sat in lotus position alone three times to stop the army from attacking his tribe. However, one can never reverse the cause and following karma. The prince born of a maiden was so furious that he eventually destroyed his homeland. Maudgalyāyana (one of the Buddha’s closest disciples), who is said to have had supernatural abilities that surpassed the other disciples, could not bear to see the slaughter of innocent people. Thus, he saved five hundred people of his tribe with a pātra (an eating utensil of Buddhist monks). Unfortunately, everything he did was in vain, those who were saved eventually turned into a puddle of blood. The Buddha said that the supernatural abilities cannot surpass the power of karma. The cause and effect work all the time. When Maudgalyāyana’s mother fell into the path of hungry ghost, he used his supernatural abilities to save his mother from hunger. However, all the food turned into fire before being fed to his mother. Later, the Buddha commanded the monks to put nectar and dishes in a basin on the 15th day of the seventh month in the lunar calendar for the monks from all directions to free his mother from reincarnation. In later times, the Ullambana Dharma Service, the Compassionate Samadhi Water Repentance, and the Yoga Collection for Feeding the Searing Mouths Dharma Service are rituals to eliminate karmic hindrance and to cease to worldly delusions. Through such practices, one can free the dead as well as confess their repentance.

Madou Daitian Temple is a magnificent and colorful temple in Tainan. Not only can the worshippers visit the eighteen levels of Hell but also the Heaven (it was built in 1979 and inaugurated in 1983) here. The lighting and sound effects are stunning and frightening. When walking alone in the space, one may feel like taking a Guan Luo Yin trip (a Taoist necromancy which leads people’s spirits to hell and communicate with the dead ones) to visit the underworld prison. Before arriving the first court of the underworld, the visitor will walk through the Mountain of Heart Summit, the Pure Heart Pond, the Frontier between the Living and the Dead Realms, the Soul Registry Hall, the Portico of Demons, the Center for Complementary Teaching of Canonical Books, the Citadel of Premature Death, and the Bridge of Vanity. When one arrives at the first court, they will see King Chin-guang, who is in charge of the court, using the Mirror of Retribution to show the earthly form of evil creatures and also witness the sub-hell of Pillar-Holding and Fire Bed, etc. At the second court, King Chu-jiang collates the register of sins the souls of the dead have committed to impose the punishments. Here, you will see the sub-hell of Excrement and Urine, Hungry Ghost, Burning Dance Floor, Ice, Pus and Blood, Whipping, Tongue-Raking, Sword Blade, Stomach-Piercing, Chopping, etc. Next, the dead at the third court, ruled by King Song-di, will receive the punishments including inversion tortures, face-skinning with steel and copper knife, eye-wrenching, pounding, blood-sucking, rib-piercing, roasting, tendon-taking, being eaten by maggots. The visitor can pay a visit to the Palace of Soul-Resuscitation for the Four Forms of Creatures (birth from an egg, birth from a womb, birth from moisture, and birth by transformation). King Wu-guan is in charge of the fourth court. There are sixteen sub-hells at the fourth court including Waist Chop, Tongue Removal, Boiling Pond, Mouth-stabbing, Skin-peeling, Sword Tree, Burning Wheels and Cart, Eye-shooting, etc. Next, at the fifth court, sinful souls are allowed to ascend the Tower of Hometown-Viewing to take a final look of their family. The visitor will witness sub-hells of Knee-striking, Heart-slicing, Blade Mountain, Flying Swords and Burning Stones, etc. The King of Bian City takes charge of the sixth court, which is also known as the “Great Hell of Screaming,” with sub-hells including Fire Cattle, Tiger-Biting, Kidney-Eating, Mouth-Poking, Throat-Nailing, Iron Mill, Decapitation, etc. The King of Tai-shan is in charge of the seventh court, the “Great Hell of Heat and Fire.” The sixteen sub-hells at this court include Finger-Searing, Bowel-Hauling, Stone-Bearing, Boiling Oil, Tongue-Removal and Cheek-Piercing, etc. Next, the King Du-shi is in charge of the eighth court, the “Great Hell of Intense Fire and Heat,” and the sub-hells including Fire Dogs, Molten Iron, Iron Snakes, Dismemberment, Steel Spikes, Burning-Marrow, Iron Ball, Scale, etc. The ninth court is ruled by the King Ping-deng. It is known as the biggest court, Avici Hell (the Hell of Incessant Suffering), which if the lowest level of the hell realm and the interior is gloomily and terrifyingly dark. Those who committed the most serious evil deed will be sent to the Avici Hell. Sub-hells such as Poisonous Snake, Brain-Removal, Crow-Gnawing, Raining Needles, Wasps and Scorpions are included at this court. After arriving the tenth court, ruled by the Great King of the Reincarnation Palace, one can visit the “Observatory of Life on earth” and the “eight bureaus of the Reincarnation Palace” (including the Bureau of Judicial Control, the Bureau of Good-Actions, the Bureau of Bad-Actions, the Bureau of Debts, Gratitude, and Vengeance, the Bureau of Longevity and Destiny, the Bureau of Familial Ties, the Bureau of the Reincarnated, and the Bureau of Birth). The sinful one will be sent to the Pavilion of Mengpo and made to drink the Soup of Forgetfulness to forget all past affairs. According to the sinful one’s merits of previous life, they will go across one of the six bridges (gold, silver, jade, stone, wood, bamboo) to the “Reincarnation-Wheel (Wheel on the Crimson River).” Finally, one is able to reborn in the six realms. According to the Aṣṭadaśa nāraka sutra ( the Eighteen Hells Sutra), after one passes away, they will enter an intermediate and transitional state between death and rebirth, known as antarābhava in Sanskrit, for forty-nine days. The being will be evaluated by Yama, who will decide if one should get reborn or get punished at the hell. Those who committed the Five Grave Offenses (killing one’s father, killing one’s mother, killing an Arhat, shedding the blood of a Buddha, and creating a schism within the community of Buddhist monks and nun who practice for attaining enlightenment.) will be sent to the Avici Hell and stay there eternally. Kṣitigarbha is the Lord of the Nether World, ruling the ten court of Hell. The lord will set up the “Hall of Teaching” at each court to salvage those sinful ones who still obtain few merits at the offering rituals.

Human beings live the Sahā world (sahāloka in Sanskrit, meaning “endurance of suffering,” a concept of mundane world in Mahāyāna Buddhism) where they share with other reincarnations (including beings of the hells, of the preta, and of malevolent nature spirits) with five turbidities (the Kalpa turbidity, the view turbidity, the affliction turbidity, the living beings turbidity, and the life turbidity). Those who commit the ten evil deeds (killing, stealing, adultery, lying, using immoral language, slandering, equivocating, coveting, anger, and false views) must fall into the three evil paths (animals, preta, and hell). However, how can one escape from the three realms/ twenty-eight heavens (including the six heavens of the desire realm, the eighteen heavens of the form realm, and the four heavens of the formless realm)? Worldly people who don’t have such an awareness cannot leave the cycle of the twelve nidanas (meaning causes or motivations), let alone eliminate the eighty-one afflictions (that have been produced due to misunderstanding regarding reality) and the eighty-eight illusions (including five afflictions of advanced practitioners, also known as five views: view of self, extreme view, evil view, view of attachment to views, and view of morality; and five unintelligent temptations: desire, anger, stupidity, arrogance, and doubt) of thought within the three realms and four Arya satyas (noble truths, including suffering, arising, ending, and path). They cannot realize that the essence of the five skandhas (referring to aggregates of clinging, including the matter of form, sensation, recognition, mental formation, and consciousness) , the twelve ayatana (meaning sense base, including six internal bases: eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind and six external bases: visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects), and the eighteen dhātavah (meaning compositional elements of human existence, including six consciousness, six faculties, and their objects) are the emptiness and the void. Furthermore, they cannot dispel the two reasons for clinging to the idea of the self and the attachment to elemental constructs and even believe in the two (false) tenets that that karma and nirvana are not real and that the ego and phenomena are real. As a consequence, they fail to develop the eleven wholesome mental factors (faith, energy, conscience, being ashamed, non-attachment, non-aggression, non-delusion, calmness, equanimity, conscientiousness, and non-injuriousness) and cease the sixteen unwholesome mental factors (desire, greed, anger, delusion, arrogance, doubt, wrong view, wrath, enmity, hypocrisy, vexation, jealousy, parsimony, deceit, flattery, harming, ambitiousness, stupidity, lacking of faith, idleness, being unrestrained, forgetting, distraction, non-discernment, ). One must bear in mind that once all our virtuous roots are discontinued, they will be trapped in the never-ending reincarnation and the suffering of infinite continuity.
Is it possible that the hell will be empty one day? If the beings in hell will become extinct while evil spirits inhabit the mundane world, the world could be considered as a pure land. If we could witness the nature of the void, then hell will exist no more.
Since ancient times, the concept of hell has been widely spread among all tribes. Aging, death, beginning, and end are the basis of nature and the core of cosmic consciousness. However, the prosperous civilization as our island is not a place where desire can be eliminated. It’s impossible to eradicate evil nature. Since fetters brought by the constitution, the state, the law, society, the military, corporations, schools, families, and groups are not less than the eighteen levels of hell, the mortals repress themselves, bury their feelings. Day after day, greed, anger, stupidity, arrogance, doubt, and resentment are stacking. However, since the six dust (visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects) has not yet been extinguished, people in the mundane world are still full of delusions. The demons, devils, evil spirits, and the wondering dead exist in the wilderness, while only advanced practitioners with transcendent would attempt to make contact with the dead in the wasteland and forest. Worldly people like us trespass in Disneyland-like man-made hell. It is absurd and ridiculous that the hellish scenes cannot stop us from perpetrating evil deeds, but the horrific and cruel scenes yet satisfy our self-righteous shame.

The pandemic has been boiling over for more than a year and a half. The number of infected patients worldwide is nearly a hundred and eighty million, and the death toll has risen to four million, which is equivalent to a war crisis. I hope that we can all be compassionate, give peace to the dead, treat all sentient beings well and equally. The hell is innately empty; however, deluded and misleading thoughts would give rise to all jealousy and hatred and then manifest the hell before us. This book merely serves as a memorandum of conscience for dictators of the world’s new cold war, supporters of unrestrained warfare, dark web hackers, and those who are cunning and contemptuous and maltreat others when knowing they have problems.

June 2021,

Yao Jui-chung

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