【雖然這是一個湖南爸爸走火入魔的故事,但絕對沒有辱華 (尚氣) | 盧斯達 on Patreon】
一向對 Marvel 有成見,但我喜歡《尚氣》。這是一部像電影的電影,故事相對獨立,喜歡看動作電影的人也會收貨。這更像一部被公司創意限制而不能發揮所有潛能的單頭作品。
作為沒有腳的雀仔,軍閥父親組織家庭過平靜生活,解散了組織,武力真空,仇人上門打死了愛妻。梁朝偉又戴上十環重出江湖,他想兒子繼承他的武力,能夠保護身邊人就不需要面對失去愛人的痛苦。導致一對子女極度恐懼而逃離祖國,兒子去了最不一樣的美國,女兒也去了澳門做地下格鬥場賺錢。兒子承受期望的重擔,女兒承受被忽略的重擔。
電影的前半段是最 raw 最成功的,編導們將這部片的根基設定為「家庭倫理劇」而不是科幻、超級英雄電影,那是這部片最不 Marvel 的一面,導演也用大片寶貴的一些時間交代新一代 ABC 背負來自中國的家族豐滿期望,但在新環境力爭上游卻是現實骨感。婆婆輩問尚氣何時和女朋友結婚,她越慈祥越真心,作為後輩就越尷尬越有壓力。
劉思慕不像先前人們預計一樣僅是一個路人,他其實會演,但無疑他在戲中是一個 socially awkward 的存在,這個設定在父親大人的閃回劇情中慢慢獲得處置。當你父親是一個恐怖份子,而且精神開始有問題,你自己也是一個殺過人的殺手,而你理論上正在著草,躲在一個遙遠的地方,當然會 socially awkward 和自我封閉。尚氣和疑似女朋友代表著廣義的新一代,有無窮力量但缺乏方向,仙境老人家後來慈祥地教誨:沒有靶而猛射箭,只是無的放矢。
但係
你仍然能夠感受到那種「迪士尼」的 cliché。當尚氣在巴士上勇猛打人,觀眾嫌看不夠,但電影還是要中斷它,鏡頭轉到一個彩蛋角色在現場直播打鬥。當尚氣好像很沉重地交代自己的過去,「適當時」又要插入一些緩和氣氛的笑話。最後的 CG 神獸大戰當然也取代了徒手和兵器搏擊。梁朝偉帶兒子來到一間類似一代宗師茶餐廳的地方,在兒子面前手刃仇人,那一場就相當有化學作用,而可能挖深了氣氛就會很可怕,所以又是交代得點到即止。
尚氣和爸爸的對立與和解也是意料之內。《尚氣》的好在於前期故事設置,它找來梁朝偉、元華、成家班等人,致敬了大量港產功夫片,整件事本來十分生猛,但迪士尼必須置入一些意料之內的發展,對我們來說是打斷情緒的東西,但對美國人來說可能是這種節奏才算老少咸宜。令我聯想到在環球影城坐的 3D 過山車,車上到一個高位,是為了之後急速俯衝,這是我們預期中的事,因而 satisfaction moderately earned。過山車沿路特定路段就會出現催狂魔來嚇你,迪士尼電影的節奏也是這樣一個高度控制和釋放期望的藝術。
效力 DC 多年的 Zack Snyder 經常被問到怎麼看 MCU,他大概是這樣回答:MCU 是另一種電影,但他們全心全意去做,做到極致,他本人也對這種 sophisticated 的技藝表示欽敬。
迪士尼希望多元化,繼彈指大魔王之後,他們終於又能拿出一個道德立場模糊的反派,但種種改變只能成功了一半。改革,不可以革了自己的命。
外國有人這樣歌頌梁朝偉的演出:梁朝偉就算是夢游交出的表演,也足夠令「文武」一角在整個系列彈出。雖然文武已經算是多層次的角色,但梁以前演過的角色複雜得多。他私人貢獻一些角色研究和設定的功夫,已經令整部片飽滿得多。然後你看見他真是游刃有餘,雖然在片中武打風格霸道,但梁朝偉同時是打起演技的太極,片場中的遊戲三味,演得毫不費力。
「梁朝偉指導」的文武這個角色有巨大威脅感,因為他是個情緒有問題而不自知的人,想到妻子會寂寞,子女離家出走會氣結,然後他會在某個時間點將怒火發泄給世界。梁朝偉說,他們不肯從,就把全村燒掉,一點不在乎,又好像清掃蟲子一樣平常,這一下真把角色寫滿,這是一個反社會人格。
文武設定上是一個活了千年的人,一隻不用吸血、可以見烈陽的吸血鬼。吸血鬼活了那麼久,活過所有的滄海桑田,食鹽多過元華食米,他的道德觀、時間觀、人生觀也肯定相當不同。小說中有很多吸血鬼因為不會死而陷入存在和人生無意義的存在主義危機,文武應對存在的空虛便以「汗」的名字東征西討,直至他沒有可以再征服的對象,這不是一個穿西裝的秦始皇或漢武帝?一開場有一些古裝文武攻打西域的片段。文武若有一千歲,他在中國見過甚麼?從西人的角度來看,文武的背後有著成吉思汗的陰影和威勢——唯一有能力征服世界的亞洲人。
一千歲的文武,是一個「活著的中國」,中國傳統和思想就在他身上,他在一千年裡面殺了無數人、攻陷無數國家,被冠以「汗」的稱號。現代來臨之後,文武也「現代化」,採用大量西洋科技。他有大量現代武器,學會了多國語言,穿起好看的恤衫,但他心底裡仍然是一個古代人,古代人就比較習慣用暴力解決問題,也習慣用絕對父權統治家庭。
如果考慮文武的背景,他在戲中表現的冷酷無情和格格不入,其實只表達了本體的一小部份。美國觀眾如果明白中國人家庭關係,恐怕也會覺得梁已演得十分溫和。兒女的獨立人格、女兒的教育權甚至人權這個概念,可以想像根本不太存在於文武的認知。但梁朝偉自然也像處理易先生一樣處理文武,他是愛子女的,只是用一種蜷曲和強加的方式。「自古以來」就存在的文武,不是越活越通達而是越活越沉迷。
在電影中有一兩句交代尚氣來自哪裡,尚氣來自中國湖南。這是一個湖南青年的父親得到絕對權力 (十環) 之後走火入魔,最後成為恐怖份子和地下皇帝的故事——聽起來很辱華,但其實迪士尼機關算盡,一個辱華的位置都沒有。十環幫最後倒戈和大羅人民並肩作戰,文武去到最後發現愛妻之情被黑暗生物利用和蒙騙,把十環傳給兒子幫忙收拾局面,所以嚴格來說文武雖然是 super villian,但其實也不是「奸角」,即來自中國的他們並不是美國真正敵人,兩者還是可能停戰或者合作。這真是伸出完美的橄欖支,只是不知會否得到完美的體諒。
當然,美式混血精神還是王道的存在。尚氣去澳門找妹妹,二人打交,妹妹問:美國使你變弱了?尚氣沒有答,後來電影說出這不是「弱」,而是美式英雄精神可以相通於道家的以柔克剛理念。尚氣本來是一個殺手,但在美國過上了「正常生活」,雖然有自我訓練,但日常生活基本沒有動手。尚氣由一個加入爸爸報仇行動的兒子,之後變成一個有正義感 (巴士救人)、有同情心的人,為甚麼?是因為他住在三藩市。雖然他流著華人的血,卻是美國社會和文化製造了作為英雄的尚氣。
如果拋開大羅的中國神獸主題樂園、華人父子大對決表皮,你會發現這也是一套骨子裡的美國電影,它嘗試 (自以為) 理解華人文化,卻沒有紆尊降貴,也同樣歌頌美國理想。這電影本身就是充滿混雜元素的大雜燴,就看廚師這碟炒飯能不能炒得活色生香。在這裡你會看到徐克的武俠電影、成龍的功夫電影、王家衛的抒情電影、李安的家庭倫理電影、功夫熊貓式的仙境中國、還有美式的 Lovecraftian 魔龍作為最終危機。慣穿全片的小心思,是張開了的掌打贏了緊閉的拳頭,呼應對西人最大影響力的《臥虎藏龍》。
父親作為帶來威脅的一極,尚氣靠著美國精神和大羅 / 中國背景將其戰勝,電影試圖接通美國式鋤強扶弱理念和傳統中國的血脈肉身,而產生新物種。美國以個體形成集體,中國以集體形成個體。
作為文化工業,這部電影不只講述了尚氣本身,也講述了美國對吸收外來物駕輕就熟的文明特性 (或優勢)。活了一千年的暴君終於死了,但美國接過了暴君的血脈,將「年輕人」拉了過去。這可能才是尚氣遲遲無法在某些地方上映的深層原因。即使迪士尼有多試圖合家歡、有多不願意得罪各國文化,美國文化崇尚個人超越、崇尚見義勇為這一點,對「文武」而言可能都是頂撞和不孝。
這部片也後設地評論了劉思慕、梁朝偉等人。有人說尚氣在戲中沒甚麼成長。其實劉思慕能接到這個角色,早就於戲外完成了「成長」。尚氣在劇中表示被誤會為韓國人就是自己抽自己水,影射他曾參與的一套由韓國人主演的劇集。而他做泊車仔的部份,則對應了他以前要拍 stock photo 的艱難日子。你以為尚氣打出「如來神掌」還未算大成長,但尚氣的成長早就通過後設評論現實中的演員劉思慕而另類完成。
「文武」也像融合了《英雄》劍客、易先生、王家衛感情宇宙男主角等角色。這些角色對天下、女人、武道的情心款款,在這套美國片裡面也成為了受評論的素材。理想中的傳統男人,在 21 世紀的當下遇到了不能適應的困境,兒子漸長而可能挑戰其權力也是困境,文武面對困境的方法是訴諸屠村和鎮壓,使用十環打碎了「牆」,將背後病毒般的魔鬼散播出去。
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【雖然這是一個湖南爸爸走火入魔的故事,但絕對沒有辱華 (尚氣) | 盧斯達 on Patreon】
一向對 Marvel 有成見,但我喜歡《尚氣》。這是一部像電影的電影,故事相對獨立,喜歡看動作電影的人也會收貨。這更像一部被公司創意限制而不能發揮所有潛能的單頭作品。
作為沒有腳的雀仔,軍閥父親組織家庭過平靜生活,解散了組織,武力真空,仇人上門打死了愛妻。梁朝偉又戴上十環重出江湖,他想兒子繼承他的武力,能夠保護身邊人就不需要面對失去愛人的痛苦。導致一對子女極度恐懼而逃離祖國,兒子去了最不一樣的美國,女兒也去了澳門做地下格鬥場賺錢。兒子承受期望的重擔,女兒承受被忽略的重擔。
電影的前半段是最 raw 最成功的,編導們將這部片的根基設定為「家庭倫理劇」而不是科幻、超級英雄電影,那是這部片最不 Marvel 的一面,導演也用大片寶貴的一些時間交代新一代 ABC 背負來自中國的家族豐滿期望,但在新環境力爭上游卻是現實骨感。婆婆輩問尚氣何時和女朋友結婚,她越慈祥越真心,作為後輩就越尷尬越有壓力。
劉思慕不像先前人們預計一樣僅是一個路人,他其實會演,但無疑他在戲中是一個 socially awkward 的存在,這個設定在父親大人的閃回劇情中慢慢獲得處置。當你父親是一個恐怖份子,而且精神開始有問題,你自己也是一個殺過人的殺手,而你理論上正在著草,躲在一個遙遠的地方,當然會 socially awkward 和自我封閉。尚氣和疑似女朋友代表著廣義的新一代,有無窮力量但缺乏方向,仙境老人家後來慈祥地教誨:沒有靶而猛射箭,只是無的放矢。
但係
你仍然能夠感受到那種「迪士尼」的 cliché。當尚氣在巴士上勇猛打人,觀眾嫌看不夠,但電影還是要中斷它,鏡頭轉到一個彩蛋角色在現場直播打鬥。當尚氣好像很沉重地交代自己的過去,「適當時」又要插入一些緩和氣氛的笑話。最後的 CG 神獸大戰當然也取代了徒手和兵器搏擊。梁朝偉帶兒子來到一間類似一代宗師茶餐廳的地方,在兒子面前手刃仇人,那一場就相當有化學作用,而可能挖深了氣氛就會很可怕,所以又是交代得點到即止。
尚氣和爸爸的對立與和解也是意料之內。《尚氣》的好在於前期故事設置,它找來梁朝偉、元華、成家班等人,致敬了大量港產功夫片,整件事本來十分生猛,但迪士尼必須置入一些意料之內的發展,對我們來說是打斷情緒的東西,但對美國人來說可能是這種節奏才算老少咸宜。令我聯想到在環球影城坐的 3D 過山車,車上到一個高位,是為了之後急速俯衝,這是我們預期中的事,因而 satisfaction moderately earned。過山車沿路特定路段就會出現催狂魔來嚇你,迪士尼電影的節奏也是這樣一個高度控制和釋放期望的藝術。
效力 DC 多年的 Zack Snyder 經常被問到怎麼看 MCU,他大概是這樣回答:MCU 是另一種電影,但他們全心全意去做,做到極致,他本人也對這種 sophisticated 的技藝表示欽敬。
迪士尼希望多元化,繼彈指大魔王之後,他們終於又能拿出一個道德立場模糊的反派,但種種改變只能成功了一半。改革,不可以革了自己的命。
外國有人這樣歌頌梁朝偉的演出:梁朝偉就算是夢游交出的表演,也足夠令「文武」一角在整個系列彈出。雖然文武已經算是多層次的角色,但梁以前演過的角色複雜得多。他私人貢獻一些角色研究和設定的功夫,已經令整部片飽滿得多。然後你看見他真是游刃有餘,雖然在片中武打風格霸道,但梁朝偉同時是打起演技的太極,片場中的遊戲三味,演得毫不費力。
「梁朝偉指導」的文武這個角色有巨大威脅感,因為他是個情緒有問題而不自知的人,想到妻子會寂寞,子女離家出走會氣結,然後他會在某個時間點將怒火發泄給世界。梁朝偉說,他們不肯從,就把全村燒掉,一點不在乎,又好像清掃蟲子一樣平常,這一下真把角色寫滿,這是一個反社會人格。
文武設定上是一個活了千年的人,一隻不用吸血、可以見烈陽的吸血鬼。吸血鬼活了那麼久,活過所有的滄海桑田,食鹽多過元華食米,他的道德觀、時間觀、人生觀也肯定相當不同。小說中有很多吸血鬼因為不會死而陷入存在和人生無意義的存在主義危機,文武應對存在的空虛便以「汗」的名字東征西討,直至他沒有可以再征服的對象,這不是一個穿西裝的秦始皇或漢武帝?一開場有一些古裝文武攻打西域的片段。文武若有一千歲,他在中國見過甚麼?從西人的角度來看,文武的背後有著成吉思汗的陰影和威勢——唯一有能力征服世界的亞洲人。
一千歲的文武,是一個「活著的中國」,中國傳統和思想就在他身上,他在一千年裡面殺了無數人、攻陷無數國家,被冠以「汗」的稱號。現代來臨之後,文武也「現代化」,採用大量西洋科技。他有大量現代武器,學會了多國語言,穿起好看的恤衫,但他心底裡仍然是一個古代人,古代人就比較習慣用暴力解決問題,也習慣用絕對父權統治家庭。
如果考慮文武的背景,他在戲中表現的冷酷無情和格格不入,其實只表達了本體的一小部份。美國觀眾如果明白中國人家庭關係,恐怕也會覺得梁已演得十分溫和。兒女的獨立人格、女兒的教育權甚至人權這個概念,可以想像根本不太存在於文武的認知。但梁朝偉自然也像處理易先生一樣處理文武,他是愛子女的,只是用一種蜷曲和強加的方式。「自古以來」就存在的文武,不是越活越通達而是越活越沉迷。
在電影中有一兩句交代尚氣來自哪裡,尚氣來自中國湖南。這是一個湖南青年的父親得到絕對權力 (十環) 之後走火入魔,最後成為恐怖份子和地下皇帝的故事——聽起來很辱華,但其實迪士尼機關算盡,一個辱華的位置都沒有。十環幫最後倒戈和大羅人民並肩作戰,文武去到最後發現愛妻之情被黑暗生物利用和蒙騙,把十環傳給兒子幫忙收拾局面,所以嚴格來說文武雖然是 super villian,但其實也不是「奸角」,即來自中國的他們並不是美國真正敵人,兩者還是可能停戰或者合作。這真是伸出完美的橄欖支,只是不知會否得到完美的體諒。
當然,美式混血精神還是王道的存在。尚氣去澳門找妹妹,二人打交,妹妹問:美國使你變弱了?尚氣沒有答,後來電影說出這不是「弱」,而是美式英雄精神可以相通於道家的以柔克剛理念。尚氣本來是一個殺手,但在美國過上了「正常生活」,雖然有自我訓練,但日常生活基本沒有動手。尚氣由一個加入爸爸報仇行動的兒子,之後變成一個有正義感 (巴士救人)、有同情心的人,為甚麼?是因為他住在三藩市。雖然他流著華人的血,卻是美國社會和文化製造了作為英雄的尚氣。
如果拋開大羅的中國神獸主題樂園、華人父子大對決表皮,你會發現這也是一套骨子裡的美國電影,它嘗試 (自以為) 理解華人文化,卻沒有紆尊降貴,也同樣歌頌美國理想。這電影本身就是充滿混雜元素的大雜燴,就看廚師這碟炒飯能不能炒得活色生香。在這裡你會看到徐克的武俠電影、成龍的功夫電影、王家衛的抒情電影、李安的家庭倫理電影、功夫熊貓式的仙境中國、還有美式的 Lovecraftian 魔龍作為最終危機。慣穿全片的小心思,是張開了的掌打贏了緊閉的拳頭,呼應對西人最大影響力的《臥虎藏龍》。
父親作為帶來威脅的一極,尚氣靠著美國精神和大羅 / 中國背景將其戰勝,電影試圖接通美國式鋤強扶弱理念和傳統中國的血脈肉身,而產生新物種。美國以個體形成集體,中國以集體形成個體。
作為文化工業,這部電影不只講述了尚氣本身,也講述了美國對吸收外來物駕輕就熟的文明特性 (或優勢)。活了一千年的暴君終於死了,但美國接過了暴君的血脈,將「年輕人」拉了過去。這可能才是尚氣遲遲無法在某些地方上映的深層原因。即使迪士尼有多試圖合家歡、有多不願意得罪各國文化,美國文化崇尚個人超越、崇尚見義勇為這一點,對「文武」而言可能都是頂撞和不孝。
這部片也後設地評論了劉思慕、梁朝偉等人。有人說尚氣在戲中沒甚麼成長。其實劉思慕能接到這個角色,早就於戲外完成了「成長」。尚氣在劇中表示被誤會為韓國人就是自己抽自己水,影射他曾參與的一套由韓國人主演的劇集。而他做泊車仔的部份,則對應了他以前要拍 stock photo 的艱難日子。你以為尚氣打出「如來神掌」還未算大成長,但尚氣的成長早就通過後設評論現實中的演員劉思慕而另類完成。
「文武」也像融合了《英雄》劍客、易先生、王家衛感情宇宙男主角等角色。這些角色對天下、女人、武道的情心款款,在這套美國片裡面也成為了受評論的素材。理想中的傳統男人,在 21 世紀的當下遇到了不能適應的困境,兒子漸長而可能挑戰其權力也是困境,文武面對困境的方法是訴諸屠村和鎮壓,使用十環打碎了「牆」,將背後病毒般的魔鬼散播出去。
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「地獄空」攝影集即將在八月中元節前出版,由知名設計師與攝影家黃子欽設計,內附在下二位高徒精美繪製符咒、心經版畫書籤、愣嚴咒牌、尊勝咒語...等,感恩十方大德助印,希望疫情退散,平安喜樂,後記如下:
野放台灣五十餘年,貪狼獨坐,三方四正殺破狼格局,少年多舛,白手起家,隨展覽雲遊四海,如閒雲野鶴常持各類底片機流連廢墟、山川、宮廟忘返,遂設幻影堂自詡堂主,一日三省「凡所有相皆是虛妄」,常宅於暗房沖片放大通宵、鍾情黑白世界之單純,彩色照片俗世繽紛花俏做作甜美甚至比現實更現實故少拍也。知天命之年有餘,了悟人生一瞬、眨眼即逝,雖非仙人,亦無道骨,初聞離垢地生清淨心,但離華嚴「不動地」尚遠,待修持也。
2017年盛暑拍畢《巨神連線》,心律不整差點心肌梗塞向閻羅王報到,意識死神隨伺在側,人生苦短,如何了生脫死、盡斷煩惱、無所罣礙、遠離顛倒……總不得解,蒙釋迦摩尼佛開示飆淚三晝夜,聞佛法數載始知自我渺如塵埃,甚感慚愧。閒暇乃參訪名寺古剎,禮敬焚香佛陀菩薩羅漢諸神天仙王爺媽娘,台灣宮廟千奇百怪、宗派錯綜複雜(佛教、道教、一貫道、天主教、基督教、齋教、回教&大同教、儒教鑾堂、天帝教&天德教、慈惠堂&勝安宮、軒轅教、道院、理教、萬國道德會、會靈山……)、神棍橫行(依人不依法、偶像崇拜、斂財、邪淫),因歷史變遷、社會動盪、政治鬥爭、意識形態等因素導致佛道混雜,但地獄造景稀少,後專注拍攝各殿閻王、判官、陰司、獄卒、七爺、八爺乃至一切罪人,各寺造景巧妙、耐人尋味,意境乖張溢於言表,造型扭曲非常人所能塑也,然匠心獨運、自成一格,專研西方藝術數十載方知真誠樸拙最美,絲毫不輸喬托(Giotto di Bondone,1267~1337)乃至米開朗基羅(Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni 1475 ~ 1564)矣。
創立於1986年的石門金剛宮風景優美可眺望北濱,雖主祀四面佛,儒釋道眾神尊也不含糊,可過七星橋解厄、繞行五百黝黑羅漢敲鑼印心、跪拜亞洲最大臥佛涅槃像,安太歲自不在話下,甲子太歲爺雙眼長出手掌印象甚深,1994年經閻羅王指示廟公建造一條肚內設極樂世界及陰曹地府之神龍,行走暗黑通道觸動感應機關,只見面容猙獰受刑者呼天搶地喊冤、身邊盡是血肉糢糊殘肢敗屍腦漿塗地,十殿閻羅各司其職、威儀攝人。新北市林口區青嶺湖北文紫祥宮包公廟則以壁面彩塑地獄浮雕獨步全台,粉嫩色彩搭配卡漫風格,尤為造型簡直恐怖到可愛透頂,該廟主祀森羅殿閻羅天子包拯(包青天),陽世冤屈者可至此參拜祭解,求破懸案者眾,逢中元普渡皆以紙紮船渡亡魂至彼岸,全台唯一閻羅天子巨像籌備中,四周環繞墓地,適合修不淨觀也。台灣首尊彰化八卦山大佛旁南天宮(1971)地府則是首座電動地府,規模精小但驚嚇度破表,略顯破敗但五光十色仍蠻凶悍,出自已故台南大道長金登富之作,而電動神明起始可追溯至1960年代北港朝天宮。倒是嘉義水上鄉白人牙膏觀光工廠「戴相府」、「將軍府」設置十殿地府出乎意料之外,乾淨亮麗、ㄧ殿ㄧ間、簡單樸實。由高雄蓮潭龍虎塔龍口入內可見全臺唯一交趾陶地獄牆面,尊尊栩栩如生,續入龍身乃進聞聲救苦白衣觀音大士三十三化身浮雕隧道,造型設色甚為古錐。高雄大岡山超峰寺入口處「西方三聖蓮池海會」(阿彌陀佛、觀世音菩薩、大勢至菩薩巨像)旁設靜態十殿閻羅(1970年代初),雖略為陳舊然韻味猶存,續往上行可抵「證菩提道-釋迦如來應化事迹」雕塑園區,一攬世尊畢生精華。如來年邁時,琉璃國王為報長期被釋迦族輕蔑之傲慢心,世尊雖三次單獨伽跌坐 阻擋大軍進攻之路,但因緣果報無法逆轉,昔日婢女所生王子瞋恨無以復加,還是滅了祖國。自持神通第一目犍連不忍無辜百姓慘遭屠殺,遂以缽盛救度五百族人,最終卻化為血水,佛言神通廣大仍不敵千百劫業力,因緣果報屢試不爽。其母死後墜入餓鬼道飢餓難耐,目犍連遂展神通救渡,但所食尚未入口皆化為赤火,佛陀囑咐農曆七月十五日僧眾解安居自恣日,於盆中設甘露美食供養十方僧眾,因此超度亡母。後世「盂蘭盆法會」乃至「水懺法會」、「瑜珈焰口法會 」皆為消業障、斷塵垢之超渡儀軌,既渡亡魂也自懺悔。
台南麻豆代天府規模宏大、造型豔麗,不但可遊十八層地獄尚可逛天堂(1979年興建,1983年開放),燈光絢爛、聲響駭人,獨自漫步宛如觀落陰、地獄走一回。先過「心頭山」、入「清心池」、進「陰陽界」、抵「交簿廳」、達「鬼門關」、遊「補經所」、探「枉死城」、行「奈何橋」,至ㄧ殿泰廣王照「孽鏡台」現造惡原形,睹抱柱、火床等小地獄。二殿楚江王開「陰查簿 」判案定奪,觀糞尿泥、餓鬼、舞池、寒冰、膿血、鞭韃、舌犁、劍葉、戟腹拋接、砧截……等小地獄。三殿宋帝王刑罰為倒吊、銅鐵刮臉、挖眼、搗樁、倒烤、吸血、穿肋、抽筋、蛆蛀等小地獄……兼遊「四生(胎、卵、濕、化)回魂府」。四殿五官王掌管腰斬、拔舌、沸湯、刺嘴、剝皮、箭樹、車崩、射眼……等十六小地獄。隨五殿森羅王豋「望鄉臺」回眸親人最終眼後觀擊膝、誅心、刀山、飛刀火石……小地獄。六殿卞城王別稱「大叫喚大地獄」,轄火牛、虎啖、噬腎、鉗嘴含鍼、釘喉、磨摧、砍頭……等小地獄。七殿泰山王為「熱惱大地獄」,窺烙手指、抽腸、頂石蹲身、油釜滾烹、割舌穿腮……等十六小地獄。八殿都市王掌管「大熱惱大地獄」兼火狗、鐵汁、鐵蛇、鋸劈斷肢、釘板、灸脊、鐵丸、磅秤……等小地獄。九殿平等王直轄十八層「阿鼻大地獄」,直透地心、內中陰森、不見五指、滿溢地漿,皆為極犯,另轄紫赤毒蛇鑽孔、夾頂、鐵鴉、針雨、蜂蠍……等小地獄。至十殿輪轉王上「觀生臺」、「轉劫所八司」(查驗司 、稽善司 、考過司 、恩怨司 、壽命司 、支配司、掌劫司 、授生司)後至「孟婆亭」飲「醧忘湯」忘盡前塵往事,依前世功德過金、銀、玉、石、木、竹六種橋樑至「轉輪臺(紫河車)」入六道輪迴轉生投胎。據《十八泥犁經》記載,人過世後七七四十九天為「中陰生」,經閻羅王審判善惡業力判定去留或懲罰百千萬劫,犯五逆重罪則墮入「無間地獄(阿鼻地獄)」永劫不復。地藏王乃幽冥教主,統轄十殿閻羅,逢三曹普渡便在各殿設「講道所」超度尚存善根之鬼魂。
人類居於五趣(阿修羅、人、傍生、餓鬼、地獄)雜居地五濁惡世之堪忍世界,犯十惡業(殺生、偷盜、邪淫、妄語、兩舌、惡口、綺語、貪慾、嗔恚、愚痴)者必墮三趣惡道。如何出「三界」(欲界、色界、無色界)二十八天?凡人無此意識,別說能破「十二因緣」(無明、行、識、名色、六入、觸、受、愛、取、有、生、老死)還滅門,更別想斷除「四聖諦」(苦、集、滅、道)集地八十一品見惑與八十八使思惑(五利使-身見、邊見、邪見、見取見、戒禁取見、五鈍使-貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑),了悟「五蘊」(色、受、想、行、識)本空、「十二入」(眼、耳、鼻、舌、意、色、聲、香、味、觸、法)空、「十八界」空,破俱生我執與分別我執、法執甚至空執,生十一處「善心所」(信、精進、慚、愧、無貪、無瞋、無痴、輕安、不放逸、行捨、不害),降二十六處「惡心所」(貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑、惡見、忿、恨、覆、惱、嫉、慳、誑、諂、害、憍、無慚、無愧、掉舉、惛沉、不信、懈怠、放逸、失念、散亂、不正知),須知善根斷盡則陷永劫輪迴、無垠轉世之苦。
地獄可能空滅嗎?若地獄空乏人間多鬼怪,地獄淨空世間何嘗非淨土?若能證空性何處現地獄?
地獄曠古來便廣泛流傳各部族間,老死生滅為自然運行之基礎、宇宙意識之核心,然今文明昌盛如咱城邦並非慾望消弭之所,惡性所及實無可根除,礙於憲法國家法律社會軍隊企業公司學校家庭團體之層層束縛不亞於十八層,乃遁於壓抑、束己情懷,暗埋心底、日久貪嗔痴慢疑怨噌會疊穢。而六塵未熄,心多妄念,妖魔鬼怪魑魅魍魎孤魂閃靈出沒於荒郊乃至人間,會靈於曠野密林以增性靈乃出世高人修煉之舉,我等凡人擅闖宛如迪士尼般之人造地獄,三魂七魄尚不足以出竅,驚邪恐怖淒厲猙獰倒滿足了自以為是的慚愧,豈不謬哉?
病毒肆虐年半有餘,全球確診者逼近一億八千萬,枉死者近四百萬,堪比戰爭規模,望眾生發慈悲心、令往生者安息、善待其他物種、平等有情眾生。地獄本空,唯妄念生起一切羨慕嫉妒恨而地獄現前。盡以此書作為世界新冷戰獨裁者、超限戰者、暗網駭客、陰險狡猾冷嘲熱諷落井下石者之良知備忘錄矣。
姚瑞中寫於2021年端午節
Postscript
I have been living recklessly in Taiwan for more than fifty years. According to Zi Wei Dou Shu (Purple Star Astrology), Tan Lang is the sole star in my house of Self. This star, which represents xxx, forms an equilateral triangle with that star Qi Sha and Po Jun on the square chart and constitutes a Sha Po Lang pattern. The pattern indicates a kind of turbulence and change, a life of wandering with ups and downs and it tells a lot about my life. After my ill-fated youth, I started from scratch and traveled around the world with exhibitions that I participated. Like a flaneur, I wandered around ruins, nature, and temples with every type of film camera obliviously. Thus, I founded the Hall of Illusion and claimed to be the master of the hall. Several times a day, I pondered a quote from the Diamond Sutra, “Everything with form is unreal.” In addition, I usually stayed in the darkroom developing film and enlarging those negatives overnight. However, I treasured the simplicity of the black and white world. The earthly, gaudy, garish, phony and pleasing qualities within colored photos make the images even more realistic than the real world. It is not my cup of tea, so I seldom took colored photos. In Confucian thought, the age of fifty marks the stage knowing the mandate of Heaven. I am now at my fifties and realize how ephemeral human life is. However, I am not an immortal, nor having sagelike characteristics. I just learned that the stage of stainless (the second bhūmi) and develop a pure mind that is free from doubt and defilement. However, I’m still far from the immovable state and need to practice.
In the summer of 2017, after filming the work Incarnation, I experienced a severe heart rhythm problem which almost triggered myocardial infarction and could have killed me. Consequently, I realized that death was waiting for me and the life is too short to figure out how I can liberate myself from the cycle of Birth and Death. I couldn’t comprehend how to be free from all afflictions and worries and how to avoid delusive ideas. I wept for three days and nights after being enlightened by Shakyamuni Buddha. Up to the moment, I felt ashamed that I failed to realize that the self is as insignificant as dust after these years learning and practicing Buddhism. Since then, I have visited famous temples and monasteries in my spare time, worshiping Buddha, Bodhisattvas, arhats, and all the deities and immortals. Taiwan’s temples are myriad with a enormous number of sects, including Buddhism, Taoism, Yiguandao, Catholicism, Christianity, Chinese religions of fasting, Islam& Baháʼí Faith, Confucianism, Tiandiism& Tian-De Teachings, Xiwangmu cult, Yellow Emperor Sect, Precosmic Salvationism, Liism, World Wide Ethical Society, séance cult, etc. Some people even claim that they can mediate communication between the deities or spirits of the dead with human beings, having their believer rely on themselves instead of the orthodox dharma or dogma and pay excessive respect and admiration for the mediums or objects, accumulating wealth through such an unfair means or even harassing their believer sexually. Due to Taiwan’s historical changes, social turbulence, political struggles, and ideological issues, Buddhism and Taoism are somehow mixed. However, there are few emphases on the concept of the hell. As I took photographs of Yama of each court, judges, wardens of the underworld, jailers, General Fan and Hsieh (the ghost escorts) and all sinners, I found few temples cleverly created hellish scenes that are intriguing, exaggerating, and extraordinary. However, the creations are unparalleled unique. I have been studying Western arts for decades and then I came to realize that simplicity makes the most beautiful works of art. These hellish scenes can even compete with works of Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337) and Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (1475-1564).
Jingang Temple Shimen District, founded in 1986, overlooks the beautiful North shore. Although the temple is mainly dedicated to Phra Phrom (the Thai representation of Mahabrahma), spirits of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism can also be founded in the temple. The worshipper can go cross the Seven Star bridge to relieve bad luck, walk along the five hundred arhat statues and knock on the gong to affirm one’s Buddha nature. Furthermore, the worshipper can also prostrate themself before Asia’s largest statue of Buddha in Nirvana (the Reclining Buddha statue) and pacify the Taoist Tai Sui deity of the year. I was impressed by the Jia-Zi Tai Sui General that a pair of palms grow out of his eyes. In 1994, the biō-kong (the person taking charge of the temporal affairs of a temple) received a divine inspiration from Yama (the King of Hell) that he had to build a sacred hall in the shape of a divine dragon, with the interior designed according to the World of Ultimate Bliss and the Underworld. When the visitor walks in the dark hallway, they will see the tortured people (dioramas, of course) scrunching their faces and crying bitterly and loudly in excessive grief as the visitor triggers the mechanism. One will even find them in the midst of flesh, body liquid and blood, mutilated limbs, and rotten corpses. While each of the ten Yamas are focusing on their own duties, showing their sacred dignity that collect visitors’ attention. The Baogong Temple in Linkou District, New Taipei City exclusively features colorful depiction of hellish scenes in relief in Taiwan. With its pastel shades and cartoon-like style, the relief is both grotesque and adorable at the same time. This temple is dedicated to Bao Zhen (also known as Justice Bao) representing the incarnation of Yama. Living people who have been treated unjustly can come worshipping Bao Gong and receive exorcism. Therefore, many people come here for seeking to solve unsolved cases. In Zhongyuan Festival (the ghost festival), the temple will burn the Zhizha (paper craft) boat to ferry the ghosts to the other shore, which is the shore of enlightenment. The only giant statue of Yama in Taiwan is still in the making. The temple is surrounded by a cemetery, suitable for meditating on the loathsomeness and impurity. Nantian Temple (1971), located next to the Eight Trigram Mountains Buddha in Changhua, features the first animatronic underworld. Despite the small size, the animatronic underworld is intensely shocking. Though it’s slightly worn, the colorful dioramas are still brutally ferocious. The creator was the late venerable Dao Zhang (Taoist priest) Jing Deng-fu while the origin of animatronic deities can be traced back to the 1960s Beigang Chaotian Temple. On the contrary, the Whiteman Toothpaste Tourism Factory in Shuishang Township, Chiayi, features ten Yamas with individual booth. The place is unexpectedly clean and polished yet keeps a simple and modest tone. Then, the Dragon Pagoda of the Dragon and Tiger Pagodas at Lotus Lake in Zuoying, Kaohsiung, holds the only relief of hellish scenes made of Kochin ceramic. All the figures are vivid and life-like. If one goes further into the pagoda, they will see a relief tunnel of the thirty-three incarnations of the white-robed form of Guanyin (Avalokiteśvara) on a white lotus, with a lovely and interesting design. Another Hall of Yama is built in the 1970s next to the entrance of Dagangshan Chaofeng Temple, located in the Alian District of Kaohsiung. Visitors will also see three statues of the Three Holy Ones of the Western Pureland (Amitābha, Avalokiteśvara, Mahāsthāmaprāpta) which assemble at a lotus pond. Although the hellish scene looks somewhat antiquated, you may still find its previous charm. If one goes further, they will reach the sculptural garden of “Attaining the Bodhi Way: the Incarnation of Sakyamuni Buddha,” where the visitor can see the essence of Bhagavato’s (meaning the Blessed one, one of the common epithets for Buddha) life. When Tathāgata (another epithet for Buddha) was old, the king of Kosala wanted to avenge the arrogance of the tribe of Shakyas who had long despised him, regarding him as a son of a maiden. Although Buddha has sat in lotus position alone three times to stop the army from attacking his tribe. However, one can never reverse the cause and following karma. The prince born of a maiden was so furious that he eventually destroyed his homeland. Maudgalyāyana (one of the Buddha’s closest disciples), who is said to have had supernatural abilities that surpassed the other disciples, could not bear to see the slaughter of innocent people. Thus, he saved five hundred people of his tribe with a pātra (an eating utensil of Buddhist monks). Unfortunately, everything he did was in vain, those who were saved eventually turned into a puddle of blood. The Buddha said that the supernatural abilities cannot surpass the power of karma. The cause and effect work all the time. When Maudgalyāyana’s mother fell into the path of hungry ghost, he used his supernatural abilities to save his mother from hunger. However, all the food turned into fire before being fed to his mother. Later, the Buddha commanded the monks to put nectar and dishes in a basin on the 15th day of the seventh month in the lunar calendar for the monks from all directions to free his mother from reincarnation. In later times, the Ullambana Dharma Service, the Compassionate Samadhi Water Repentance, and the Yoga Collection for Feeding the Searing Mouths Dharma Service are rituals to eliminate karmic hindrance and to cease to worldly delusions. Through such practices, one can free the dead as well as confess their repentance.
Madou Daitian Temple is a magnificent and colorful temple in Tainan. Not only can the worshippers visit the eighteen levels of Hell but also the Heaven (it was built in 1979 and inaugurated in 1983) here. The lighting and sound effects are stunning and frightening. When walking alone in the space, one may feel like taking a Guan Luo Yin trip (a Taoist necromancy which leads people’s spirits to hell and communicate with the dead ones) to visit the underworld prison. Before arriving the first court of the underworld, the visitor will walk through the Mountain of Heart Summit, the Pure Heart Pond, the Frontier between the Living and the Dead Realms, the Soul Registry Hall, the Portico of Demons, the Center for Complementary Teaching of Canonical Books, the Citadel of Premature Death, and the Bridge of Vanity. When one arrives at the first court, they will see King Chin-guang, who is in charge of the court, using the Mirror of Retribution to show the earthly form of evil creatures and also witness the sub-hell of Pillar-Holding and Fire Bed, etc. At the second court, King Chu-jiang collates the register of sins the souls of the dead have committed to impose the punishments. Here, you will see the sub-hell of Excrement and Urine, Hungry Ghost, Burning Dance Floor, Ice, Pus and Blood, Whipping, Tongue-Raking, Sword Blade, Stomach-Piercing, Chopping, etc. Next, the dead at the third court, ruled by King Song-di, will receive the punishments including inversion tortures, face-skinning with steel and copper knife, eye-wrenching, pounding, blood-sucking, rib-piercing, roasting, tendon-taking, being eaten by maggots. The visitor can pay a visit to the Palace of Soul-Resuscitation for the Four Forms of Creatures (birth from an egg, birth from a womb, birth from moisture, and birth by transformation). King Wu-guan is in charge of the fourth court. There are sixteen sub-hells at the fourth court including Waist Chop, Tongue Removal, Boiling Pond, Mouth-stabbing, Skin-peeling, Sword Tree, Burning Wheels and Cart, Eye-shooting, etc. Next, at the fifth court, sinful souls are allowed to ascend the Tower of Hometown-Viewing to take a final look of their family. The visitor will witness sub-hells of Knee-striking, Heart-slicing, Blade Mountain, Flying Swords and Burning Stones, etc. The King of Bian City takes charge of the sixth court, which is also known as the “Great Hell of Screaming,” with sub-hells including Fire Cattle, Tiger-Biting, Kidney-Eating, Mouth-Poking, Throat-Nailing, Iron Mill, Decapitation, etc. The King of Tai-shan is in charge of the seventh court, the “Great Hell of Heat and Fire.” The sixteen sub-hells at this court include Finger-Searing, Bowel-Hauling, Stone-Bearing, Boiling Oil, Tongue-Removal and Cheek-Piercing, etc. Next, the King Du-shi is in charge of the eighth court, the “Great Hell of Intense Fire and Heat,” and the sub-hells including Fire Dogs, Molten Iron, Iron Snakes, Dismemberment, Steel Spikes, Burning-Marrow, Iron Ball, Scale, etc. The ninth court is ruled by the King Ping-deng. It is known as the biggest court, Avici Hell (the Hell of Incessant Suffering), which if the lowest level of the hell realm and the interior is gloomily and terrifyingly dark. Those who committed the most serious evil deed will be sent to the Avici Hell. Sub-hells such as Poisonous Snake, Brain-Removal, Crow-Gnawing, Raining Needles, Wasps and Scorpions are included at this court. After arriving the tenth court, ruled by the Great King of the Reincarnation Palace, one can visit the “Observatory of Life on earth” and the “eight bureaus of the Reincarnation Palace” (including the Bureau of Judicial Control, the Bureau of Good-Actions, the Bureau of Bad-Actions, the Bureau of Debts, Gratitude, and Vengeance, the Bureau of Longevity and Destiny, the Bureau of Familial Ties, the Bureau of the Reincarnated, and the Bureau of Birth). The sinful one will be sent to the Pavilion of Mengpo and made to drink the Soup of Forgetfulness to forget all past affairs. According to the sinful one’s merits of previous life, they will go across one of the six bridges (gold, silver, jade, stone, wood, bamboo) to the “Reincarnation-Wheel (Wheel on the Crimson River).” Finally, one is able to reborn in the six realms. According to the Aṣṭadaśa nāraka sutra ( the Eighteen Hells Sutra), after one passes away, they will enter an intermediate and transitional state between death and rebirth, known as antarābhava in Sanskrit, for forty-nine days. The being will be evaluated by Yama, who will decide if one should get reborn or get punished at the hell. Those who committed the Five Grave Offenses (killing one’s father, killing one’s mother, killing an Arhat, shedding the blood of a Buddha, and creating a schism within the community of Buddhist monks and nun who practice for attaining enlightenment.) will be sent to the Avici Hell and stay there eternally. Kṣitigarbha is the Lord of the Nether World, ruling the ten court of Hell. The lord will set up the “Hall of Teaching” at each court to salvage those sinful ones who still obtain few merits at the offering rituals.
Human beings live the Sahā world (sahāloka in Sanskrit, meaning “endurance of suffering,” a concept of mundane world in Mahāyāna Buddhism) where they share with other reincarnations (including beings of the hells, of the preta, and of malevolent nature spirits) with five turbidities (the Kalpa turbidity, the view turbidity, the affliction turbidity, the living beings turbidity, and the life turbidity). Those who commit the ten evil deeds (killing, stealing, adultery, lying, using immoral language, slandering, equivocating, coveting, anger, and false views) must fall into the three evil paths (animals, preta, and hell). However, how can one escape from the three realms/ twenty-eight heavens (including the six heavens of the desire realm, the eighteen heavens of the form realm, and the four heavens of the formless realm)? Worldly people who don’t have such an awareness cannot leave the cycle of the twelve nidanas (meaning causes or motivations), let alone eliminate the eighty-one afflictions (that have been produced due to misunderstanding regarding reality) and the eighty-eight illusions (including five afflictions of advanced practitioners, also known as five views: view of self, extreme view, evil view, view of attachment to views, and view of morality; and five unintelligent temptations: desire, anger, stupidity, arrogance, and doubt) of thought within the three realms and four Arya satyas (noble truths, including suffering, arising, ending, and path). They cannot realize that the essence of the five skandhas (referring to aggregates of clinging, including the matter of form, sensation, recognition, mental formation, and consciousness) , the twelve ayatana (meaning sense base, including six internal bases: eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind and six external bases: visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects), and the eighteen dhātavah (meaning compositional elements of human existence, including six consciousness, six faculties, and their objects) are the emptiness and the void. Furthermore, they cannot dispel the two reasons for clinging to the idea of the self and the attachment to elemental constructs and even believe in the two (false) tenets that that karma and nirvana are not real and that the ego and phenomena are real. As a consequence, they fail to develop the eleven wholesome mental factors (faith, energy, conscience, being ashamed, non-attachment, non-aggression, non-delusion, calmness, equanimity, conscientiousness, and non-injuriousness) and cease the sixteen unwholesome mental factors (desire, greed, anger, delusion, arrogance, doubt, wrong view, wrath, enmity, hypocrisy, vexation, jealousy, parsimony, deceit, flattery, harming, ambitiousness, stupidity, lacking of faith, idleness, being unrestrained, forgetting, distraction, non-discernment, ). One must bear in mind that once all our virtuous roots are discontinued, they will be trapped in the never-ending reincarnation and the suffering of infinite continuity.
Is it possible that the hell will be empty one day? If the beings in hell will become extinct while evil spirits inhabit the mundane world, the world could be considered as a pure land. If we could witness the nature of the void, then hell will exist no more.
Since ancient times, the concept of hell has been widely spread among all tribes. Aging, death, beginning, and end are the basis of nature and the core of cosmic consciousness. However, the prosperous civilization as our island is not a place where desire can be eliminated. It’s impossible to eradicate evil nature. Since fetters brought by the constitution, the state, the law, society, the military, corporations, schools, families, and groups are not less than the eighteen levels of hell, the mortals repress themselves, bury their feelings. Day after day, greed, anger, stupidity, arrogance, doubt, and resentment are stacking. However, since the six dust (visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects) has not yet been extinguished, people in the mundane world are still full of delusions. The demons, devils, evil spirits, and the wondering dead exist in the wilderness, while only advanced practitioners with transcendent would attempt to make contact with the dead in the wasteland and forest. Worldly people like us trespass in Disneyland-like man-made hell. It is absurd and ridiculous that the hellish scenes cannot stop us from perpetrating evil deeds, but the horrific and cruel scenes yet satisfy our self-righteous shame.
The pandemic has been boiling over for more than a year and a half. The number of infected patients worldwide is nearly a hundred and eighty million, and the death toll has risen to four million, which is equivalent to a war crisis. I hope that we can all be compassionate, give peace to the dead, treat all sentient beings well and equally. The hell is innately empty; however, deluded and misleading thoughts would give rise to all jealousy and hatred and then manifest the hell before us. This book merely serves as a memorandum of conscience for dictators of the world’s new cold war, supporters of unrestrained warfare, dark web hackers, and those who are cunning and contemptuous and maltreat others when knowing they have problems.
June 2021,
Yao Jui-chung
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