關於 立新電動床台南 ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

【居家防疫後遺症：小孩電玩成癮了嗎？】
台灣從5月提升疫情警戒至第二級，防疫在家，靠打電玩渡過漫長時光，轉眼間暑假過去了，即將開學，你家裡的小孩「電玩成癮了嗎？」
　
宅在家期間對我們身心的長遠影響，似乎現在才浮現。例如，螢幕成癮問題。疫情爆發前，家長們從來不用擔心螢幕時間的問題。不是因為紀律嚴明，而是因為生活中有那麼多好玩的東西，天氣好的日子可以游泳、可以跟朋友打球，天氣不好的日子也有各種室內遊戲場、購物中心裡的遊戲區可供選擇，家裡兩個小小孩，七歲的兒子、兩歲的女兒壓根兒不會主動想去看電視或玩電玩。
　
但是疫情爆發後，這些活動都沒有了。居家防疫期間，兒子開始跟同學連線玩「太空狼人殺」，女兒開始在迪士尼頻道上看「米奇妙妙屋」。我跟女兒約法三章：「每個週末可以看三集米奇妙妙屋」，但每次關掉電視時，她總會撲倒在地上，聲嘶力竭地大哭至少半小時。兒子的談話內容也總是圍繞著狼人殺遊戲打轉，好像對生活中其他事情都不感興趣了。
　
跟媽媽朋友們聊天時，我開玩笑地說：我的小孩玩電玩、看電視上癮了。她們都表示有類似的困擾，我們互相表示同情，但都解決不了問題[1]。
　
■電玩的回饋造成高濃度多巴胺上癮
「多巴胺」是人類大腦的一種酬賞物質，當我們從事任何讓人快樂的事情時，就會產生多巴胺，讓我們感覺無比的美妙興奮。但這些都是透過自然途徑，刺激的頻率也正常，沒有任何人需要持續不斷接受多巴胺刺激，也絕對沒有人受得了。
　
當打電玩的回饋或是往返不止的社交訊息沒日沒夜地大量湧入，大腦就會被迫一直處在高度興奮之中。但人類尚未發展出抵擋多巴胺攻勢的機制，所以就形成不斷被勾引以維持高濃度多巴胺的上癮行為[2]。
　
■「成癮症」有兩大條件：耐受性和戒斷症狀
▸耐受性
指的是成癮者必須要花愈來愈多的時間玩遊戲，才能帶來快樂感，這代表主掌情緒中樞的大腦前額葉、杏仁核等部位已經受損。
　
▸戒斷症狀
則是指只要不打遊戲，就會出現焦慮、憂鬱、不安等情緒障礙；嚴重的話還可能出現暴力、自殺傾向。
　
不過，與菸癮、酒癮、毒癮這類的「物質成癮」不同，像網路成癮這類的「行為成癮」並沒有讓人體攝入像尼古丁、酒精這樣的額外成分，但在精神醫學上看來，也確實影響到大腦運作，達到精神疾病的等級。
　
世界衛生組織於2018年初在新發布的「國際疾病分類」中，將電玩成癮正式列為精神疾病，正式承認電玩成癮是重大公共衛生議題。在台灣2018年衛福部也追隨WHO的腳步，將網路遊戲成癮納入精神疾病範疇之內，加以預防及推廣相關輔導治療[3]。
　
■「電玩成癮症」：人際關係困難者較高比例
「台南市立安南醫院精神科」王文隆醫師說，「成癮」是指一種重複性的強迫行為，可能會造成身心健康及社交生活方面的不良後果，假若無法控制，比如迷戀電玩遊戲無法自拔就叫做電玩成癮，迷戀上網無法自制就叫網路成癮，如是攝取某種物質就稱為物質成癮，如毒癮、酒癮、菸癮等。
　
世界衛生組織(WHO)已將「電玩成癮」加入第十一版國際疾病分類之精神疾病當中，主要症狀為「無節制沈溺於網路遊戲」，「即使有負面效果仍持續遊玩」，而諸多研究亦發現人際關係困難或個性內向或有憂鬱及焦慮症狀的人比較容易「成癮」。
　
▶大帥，被媽媽帶來安南醫院精神科就醫。大帥低頭不語，但媽媽卻一直駡他：「整天都在打電玩講不聽才讓成績一落千丈，再這樣下去真正就要撿角了...」
　
王文隆醫師表示，有這樣的困擾可以到精神科求助，而不是一味的責駡，處罰與禁止，若造成個案選擇化明為暗將更難解決。他也呼籲正在放暑假的學生及家長們，應把玩電玩成癮看成是一種疾病，所以更應迅速就醫，就如同身體疾病一樣，若不及早治療，病情可能因此日益嚴重。
　
個案中的大帥在經過幾次心理治療後，真正發現其打電玩背後主因竟是因為缺乏愛及為了填補空虛，在王醫師引導方向後，其更懂愛惜自己身體與學會正向思考，面對困難時亦能更加冷靜來處理，也讓人際關係明顯改善許多，真正邁出電玩成癮的深暗黑淵世界[4]。
　
■4題判斷你家的孩子有沒有「手機遊戲成癮」
世界衛生組織（WHO）2018年最新版《國際疾病分類》（ICD-11）將「遊戲成癮症」（Gaming Disorder）歸類為精神疾病，並將過去使用的「網路成癮」聚焦在「網路遊戲成癮」上，針對沈迷於遊戲內容的行為進行相關研究。
　
其中，網路遊戲成癮中的「手機遊戲成癮」類型值得關注，其判斷成癮的主要因素，包括「過度沉迷，產生負面影響」、「耐受性」、「戒斷症狀」，也與傳統上的「成癮行為」相當類似。
　
為了解國內學童、青少年手機成癮情形，「國衛院群體健康學研究所」林煜軒醫師研究團隊，針對全國1萬775名國小四年級到高中三年級學生做大規模調查，當中113名高中生由精神科醫師／臨床心理師進行診斷性會談，以驗證手機遊戲成癮量表與專業人士評估結果的一致性。
　
▶研究結果發現，手機成癮學生使用手機的時間明顯較長，在手機遊戲的消費意願也較高，手機遊戲成癮的國小學童中，有21.4%願意花錢購買手遊點數或寶物，國中生為36.3%，高中生更高達42.2%，遠遠高於一般學生的消費意願。
　
▶判斷你家的孩子有沒有「手機遊戲成癮」
只要回答4個問題，每項敘述可選擇1（極不符合）到4分（非常符合）若得分超過10分以上，就可能有成癮風險。手機遊戲成癮評估量表題目如下：
　
1.我曾因長時間玩手機遊戲而眼睛酸澀、肌肉痠痛，或有其他身體不適。
2.我常常原本沒有打算玩手機遊戲，卻會忍不住拿起手機來玩一下。
3.在過去3個月裡，我感覺需要更常玩手機遊戲，或玩更久的時間才覺得我玩夠了。
4.如果不能玩手機遊戲，我會覺得靜不下心，感到很煩躁[5]。
　
■別小看「網路遊戲成癮症」，世衛已列入精神疾病
▶「網路遊戲成癮」成新疾病，有戒斷問題
根據世衛網站的資訊，包括打線上遊戲（digital-gaming）或電玩（video-gaming）的行為，連續長達12個月以上，已嚴重影響個人生活、家庭關係、學習和工作等，並危及身心健康者，就可被診斷為網路遊戲成癮症。
　
「這個問題被關注十多年了，有愈來愈多證據顯示，網路成癮後的症狀和酗酒、吸毒很像，都有戒斷問題」，「衛福部心口司」諶立中司長說，令人擔心的是，臺灣、大陸、韓國、日本等亞洲國家的網路成癮高風險族群，比歐美國家高，尤其臺灣兒童和青少年的戶外活動時間少，民眾上網時間早已名列全球前茅，很需要提醒。
　
根據亞洲大學副校長柯慧貞「民國103年中小學學生網路使用情形調查」可發現，全球青少年網路成癮高風險比率約為4.6%，台灣的網癮高風險族群，國小為9.9%、國中19.2%、高中職19.4%，均較其他國家高出甚多。以假日實際上網時數來看，國小平均3.5小時、國中5小時、高中職6小時。
　
研究「網路遊戲障礙症」的林煜軒醫師，曾以8000名青少年網路玩家為分析對象，發現經過專業診斷後，被確診的比例是3.1%。[6]。
　
■遊戲成癮具體有哪些表現？
《國際疾病分類》中，專門為「遊戲成癮」設立條目，並明確「遊戲成癮」的多項診斷標準。確診遊戲障礙疾病往往需要相關症狀持續至少12個月，如果症狀嚴重，觀察期也可以縮短。
現行標準中一共列出了9種症狀：
1. 完全專注於遊戲
2. 停止遊戲時，出現難受、焦慮、易怒等症狀
3. 玩遊戲時間逐漸增多
4. 無法減少遊戲時間，無法戒掉遊戲
5. 放棄其他活動，對之前的其他愛好失去興趣
6. 即使了解遊戲對自己造成的影響，仍然專注遊戲
7. 向家人或他人隱瞞自己玩遊戲的時間
8. 通過玩遊戲緩解負面情緒，如罪惡感、絕望感等
9. 因為遊戲而喪失或可能喪失工作和社交[7]
　
■孩子沉迷網路遊戲怎麼辦？
「臺北市立聯合醫院松德院區兒童青少年精神科」黃彥勳醫師建議，遠離誘惑、增加多元興趣，改善人際關係，積極尋求協助是成癮行為改善的不二法門。
　
「減少生活上使用網路、手機、電腦的機會，並且開發其他的興趣，當有更多時間投入不同的興趣或是人際活動時，花在網路遊戲的時間相對就會減少，就能降低網路遊戲的誘惑性。」[8]
　
■網路遊戲成癮是警訊，家長應及時介入
「桃園療養院」邱献章院長表示，網路遊戲成癮這個現象或許可發揮預警功能，幫助家長及時介入處理孩子的心理危險因子或精神疾病。
　
「桃園療養院兒童青少精神科」林峯立醫師提醒，由於每個孩子的情況不同，可能有不同心理危險因子的組合，家長務必帶孩子就醫，經由謹慎且完整的評估，再採取不同的介入協助方式。
　
林峯立醫師強調，即使沒有被診斷為網路遊戲成癮，家長們仍需注意隱藏在背後的心理健康危機。網路成癮在青少年族群常見的共病包括：注意力不足過動症、憂鬱症、社交畏懼症、其他物質濫用、強迫症及其他心理危險因子（例如低自尊、課業或工作壓力、家庭關係不佳、人際關係不佳等）。
　
除了積極就醫外，他提醒家長，網路成癮最大的問題在於和「人」失去連結，這個「人」不僅是同儕、老師，家人更占有重要地位。也就是說，先有良好的親子關係，才有辦法協助孩子建立人際關係和加強溝通技巧[9]。
　　
　　
【Reference】
1.來源
➤➤資料
[1](親子天下)「居家防疫後遺症：我的小孩電玩成癮了嗎？」：https://www.parenting.com.tw/article/5089857
[2](健康遠見 - 對身體好！)「為什麼別人小孩打電動不會成癮？彭菊仙：把孩子從電玩拉走，你要把孩子拉到哪兒呢？」：https://www.gvm.com.tw/article/79488
[3](數位時代)「電玩成癮「5年增3成」！不上網就無法生活，科技發展何以讓網路難以戒斷？」：https://www.bnext.com.tw/article/56099/internet-addiction
[4](臺南市立安南醫院委託中國醫藥大學興建經營 )「電玩成癮症 人際關係困難者較高比例 醫呼籲尋求專業幫助回歸正常生活」：http://www.tmanh.org.tw/NewsInfo/NewsArticle?no=796
[5](媽媽寶寶－懷孕、生產、育兒) 「4題判斷你家的孩子有沒有「手機遊戲成癮」，10分以上即有成癮風險！」：https://www.mombaby.com.tw/articles/17989
[6](Yahoo 新聞)「別小看網路遊戲成癮症 世衛已列入精神疾病」：https://bit.ly/3jwva2a
[7](風傳媒)「孩子一直打遊戲怎麼辦？心理師以過來人角度現身說法，4招帶孩子走出遊戲成癮」：https://www.storm.mg/lifestyle/1427615?page=3
[8](健康醫療網 )「你遊戲成癮了嗎？ 出現這些症狀提高警覺」：https://www.healthnews.com.tw/news/article/41639
[9](健康2.0)「孩子整天上網玩遊戲 家長務必留意：恐暗藏這5種精神疾病！」：https://health.tvbs.com.tw/medical/326168
　　
➤➤照片
[2]
[10] (Yahoo新聞)「遊戲成癮成新疾病，有戒斷問題」：https://bit.ly/38vDWXy
▶圖說：網路遊戲成癮症狀
　　
2. 【國衛院論壇出版品 免費閱覽】
▶「國家衛生研究院-論壇」出版品(電子書免費線上閱覽)
https://forum.nhri.edu.tw/publications/
　　
3. 【國衛院論壇學術活動】
▶https://forum.nhri.org.tw/events/
　　
#衛生福利部 #國家衛生研究院 #國衛院 #國家衛生研究院論壇 #國衛院論壇
#精神疾病 #成癮 #成癮症 #遊戲成癮 #電玩成癮 #螢幕成癮 #手機成癮 #手機遊戲成癮 #網路成癮 #網路遊戲成癮 #網路遊戲障礙症 #多巴胺上癮
　
衛生福利部 / 台南市立安南醫院 / 衛福部心口司 / 台北市立聯合醫院松德院區 / 署立桃園療養院 / 財團法人國家衛生研究院 / 國家衛生研究院-論壇

#新聞放輕鬆節目預告
20210827（週五）早上七點 汪潔民主持
寶島聯播網YT&臉書直播/汪潔民臉書直播【新聞放輕鬆】

※台股&外匯收盤：
台股26日漲21.1點，收在17066.96點，成交值新台幣3724.66億元。三大法人外資及中資賣超159.11億元、投信買超7.77億元，自營商賣超9.97億元，合計賣超161.31億元；新台幣貶1分 收27.937元。

※線上來賓：
07：20~7：32 連線 京華中醫 歐陽任耕中醫師 談「減肥、小孩尿床、老大人漏尿、一直咳嗽怎麼辦？！讓中醫師從針灸開始做起！」

※新聞重點：
●好消息！26.5萬劑AZ自購+3萬劑捷克贈莫德納疫苗 分別週五週六來台
●五倍券數位綁定抽500元好食券 市場、夜市、糕餅店家或餐飲場所皆可用 蘇貞昌：最大誠意推出五倍券 預算將送立院審議//農遊券888元第一波先抽88萬張 消費滿千再抽58萬份//交通部將推面額1000元國旅券 下週公佈細節
●陳時中：各牌疫苗將陸續抵台 年底7成覆蓋率有望
●涉品種貓走私案前海巡隊員遭收押 警追查幕後主嫌
●國內首例中國國藥疫苗「突破性感染」 50多歲男打2劑返台確診
●陸姓專欄作家解剖 主動脈剝離引起心因性休克亡
●中共：18大以來 清除逾90萬不合格黨員出黨
●每股15元投資綠能電動車ETF 成分股台積電、中租-KY均入列
●非洲豬瘟傳播途徑之一是被病毒污染的廚餘，違法使用廚餘的養豬場，最高罰300萬元，若檢舉養豬場違法使用廚餘，最高獎金120萬元，防檢局檢舉電話：0800-039-131
●行車時如遇起霧路段，請減速慢行，開啟車頭大燈、霧燈或危險警示燈，並加大行車安全距離，嘉義縣縣長翁章梁關心您!

**節目時間：週一至週五 7:00-8:00am**

❤️歡迎收看、收聽、按讚、分享

寶島聯播網全台收聽頻率：
北部地區｜FM98.5 寶島新聲
新竹地區｜FM97.9 新竹之音
中部地區｜FM99.1 大千電台
雲嘉地區｜FM91.3 嘉義之音
台南地區｜FM99.7 都會聲音
高屏地區｜FM96.9 主人電台

#台捷友好 #汪潔民 #國際財經 #股市分析 #新聞放輕鬆 #寶島聯播網
------------------------------
{歡迎加入以下頻道可隨時收到“新聞放輕鬆”最新影音與訊息唷~}
※寶島聯播網Youtube｜https://reurl.cc/OXkX3A
※寶島聯播網FB│https://www.facebook.com/superfmtw
※汪潔民FB│https://is.gd/sPTNlj
◎寶島聯播網官網：http://www.superfm98-5.com.tw/
◎財富汪得佛Youtube：https://reurl.cc/5o2Olr
◎財富汪得佛FB：https://reurl.cc/v1VWgj
◎線上收聽：http://hichannel.hinet.net/radio/index.do?id=259

「地獄空」攝影集即將在八月中元節前出版，由知名設計師與攝影家黃子欽設計，內附在下二位高徒精美繪製符咒、心經版畫書籤、愣嚴咒牌、尊勝咒語...等，感恩十方大德助印，希望疫情退散，平安喜樂，後記如下：

野放台灣五十餘年，貪狼獨坐，三方四正殺破狼格局，少年多舛，白手起家，隨展覽雲遊四海，如閒雲野鶴常持各類底片機流連廢墟、山川、宮廟忘返，遂設幻影堂自詡堂主，一日三省「凡所有相皆是虛妄」，常宅於暗房沖片放大通宵、鍾情黑白世界之單純，彩色照片俗世繽紛花俏做作甜美甚至比現實更現實故少拍也。知天命之年有餘，了悟人生一瞬、眨眼即逝，雖非仙人，亦無道骨，初聞離垢地生清淨心，但離華嚴「不動地」尚遠，待修持也。
2017年盛暑拍畢《巨神連線》，心律不整差點心肌梗塞向閻羅王報到，意識死神隨伺在側，人生苦短，如何了生脫死、盡斷煩惱、無所罣礙、遠離顛倒……總不得解，蒙釋迦摩尼佛開示飆淚三晝夜，聞佛法數載始知自我渺如塵埃，甚感慚愧。閒暇乃參訪名寺古剎，禮敬焚香佛陀菩薩羅漢諸神天仙王爺媽娘，台灣宮廟千奇百怪、宗派錯綜複雜（佛教、道教、一貫道、天主教、基督教、齋教、回教＆大同教、儒教鑾堂、天帝教＆天德教、慈惠堂＆勝安宮、軒轅教、道院、理教、萬國道德會、會靈山……）、神棍橫行（依人不依法、偶像崇拜、斂財、邪淫），因歷史變遷、社會動盪、政治鬥爭、意識形態等因素導致佛道混雜，但地獄造景稀少，後專注拍攝各殿閻王、判官、陰司、獄卒、七爺、八爺乃至一切罪人，各寺造景巧妙、耐人尋味，意境乖張溢於言表，造型扭曲非常人所能塑也，然匠心獨運、自成一格，專研西方藝術數十載方知真誠樸拙最美，絲毫不輸喬托（Giotto di Bondone，1267～1337）乃至米開朗基羅（Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni 1475 ~ 1564）矣。

創立於1986年的石門金剛宮風景優美可眺望北濱，雖主祀四面佛，儒釋道眾神尊也不含糊，可過七星橋解厄、繞行五百黝黑羅漢敲鑼印心、跪拜亞洲最大臥佛涅槃像，安太歲自不在話下，甲子太歲爺雙眼長出手掌印象甚深，1994年經閻羅王指示廟公建造一條肚內設極樂世界及陰曹地府之神龍，行走暗黑通道觸動感應機關，只見面容猙獰受刑者呼天搶地喊冤、身邊盡是血肉糢糊殘肢敗屍腦漿塗地，十殿閻羅各司其職、威儀攝人。新北市林口區青嶺湖北文紫祥宮包公廟則以壁面彩塑地獄浮雕獨步全台，粉嫩色彩搭配卡漫風格，尤為造型簡直恐怖到可愛透頂，該廟主祀森羅殿閻羅天子包拯（包青天），陽世冤屈者可至此參拜祭解，求破懸案者眾，逢中元普渡皆以紙紮船渡亡魂至彼岸，全台唯一閻羅天子巨像籌備中，四周環繞墓地，適合修不淨觀也。台灣首尊彰化八卦山大佛旁南天宮（1971）地府則是首座電動地府，規模精小但驚嚇度破表，略顯破敗但五光十色仍蠻凶悍，出自已故台南大道長金登富之作，而電動神明起始可追溯至1960年代北港朝天宮。倒是嘉義水上鄉白人牙膏觀光工廠「戴相府」、「將軍府」設置十殿地府出乎意料之外，乾淨亮麗、ㄧ殿ㄧ間、簡單樸實。由高雄蓮潭龍虎塔龍口入內可見全臺唯一交趾陶地獄牆面，尊尊栩栩如生，續入龍身乃進聞聲救苦白衣觀音大士三十三化身浮雕隧道，造型設色甚為古錐。高雄大岡山超峰寺入口處「西方三聖蓮池海會」（阿彌陀佛、觀世音菩薩、大勢至菩薩巨像）旁設靜態十殿閻羅（1970年代初），雖略為陳舊然韻味猶存，續往上行可抵「證菩提道－釋迦如來應化事迹」雕塑園區，一攬世尊畢生精華。如來年邁時，琉璃國王為報長期被釋迦族輕蔑之傲慢心，世尊雖三次單獨伽跌坐 阻擋大軍進攻之路，但因緣果報無法逆轉，昔日婢女所生王子瞋恨無以復加，還是滅了祖國。自持神通第一目犍連不忍無辜百姓慘遭屠殺，遂以缽盛救度五百族人，最終卻化為血水，佛言神通廣大仍不敵千百劫業力，因緣果報屢試不爽。其母死後墜入餓鬼道飢餓難耐，目犍連遂展神通救渡，但所食尚未入口皆化為赤火，佛陀囑咐農曆七月十五日僧眾解安居自恣日，於盆中設甘露美食供養十方僧眾，因此超度亡母。後世「盂蘭盆法會」乃至「水懺法會」、「瑜珈焰口法會 」皆為消業障、斷塵垢之超渡儀軌，既渡亡魂也自懺悔。

台南麻豆代天府規模宏大、造型豔麗，不但可遊十八層地獄尚可逛天堂（1979年興建，1983年開放)，燈光絢爛、聲響駭人，獨自漫步宛如觀落陰、地獄走一回。先過「心頭山」、入「清心池」、進「陰陽界」、抵「交簿廳」、達「鬼門關」、遊「補經所」、探「枉死城」、行「奈何橋」，至ㄧ殿泰廣王照「孽鏡台」現造惡原形，睹抱柱、火床等小地獄。二殿楚江王開「陰查簿 」判案定奪，觀糞尿泥、餓鬼、舞池、寒冰、膿血、鞭韃、舌犁、劍葉、戟腹拋接、砧截……等小地獄。三殿宋帝王刑罰為倒吊、銅鐵刮臉、挖眼、搗樁、倒烤、吸血、穿肋、抽筋、蛆蛀等小地獄……兼遊「四生（胎、卵、濕、化）回魂府」。四殿五官王掌管腰斬、拔舌、沸湯、刺嘴、剝皮、箭樹、車崩、射眼……等十六小地獄。隨五殿森羅王豋「望鄉臺」回眸親人最終眼後觀擊膝、誅心、刀山、飛刀火石……小地獄。六殿卞城王別稱「大叫喚大地獄」，轄火牛、虎啖、噬腎、鉗嘴含鍼、釘喉、磨摧、砍頭……等小地獄。七殿泰山王為「熱惱大地獄」，窺烙手指、抽腸、頂石蹲身、油釜滾烹、割舌穿腮……等十六小地獄。八殿都市王掌管「大熱惱大地獄」兼火狗、鐵汁、鐵蛇、鋸劈斷肢、釘板、灸脊、鐵丸、磅秤……等小地獄。九殿平等王直轄十八層「阿鼻大地獄」，直透地心、內中陰森、不見五指、滿溢地漿，皆為極犯，另轄紫赤毒蛇鑽孔、夾頂、鐵鴉、針雨、蜂蠍……等小地獄。至十殿輪轉王上「觀生臺」、「轉劫所八司」（查驗司 、稽善司 、考過司 、恩怨司 、壽命司 、支配司、掌劫司 、授生司）後至「孟婆亭」飲「醧忘湯」忘盡前塵往事，依前世功德過金、銀、玉、石、木、竹六種橋樑至「轉輪臺（紫河車）」入六道輪迴轉生投胎。據《十八泥犁經》記載，人過世後七七四十九天為「中陰生」，經閻羅王審判善惡業力判定去留或懲罰百千萬劫，犯五逆重罪則墮入「無間地獄（阿鼻地獄）」永劫不復。地藏王乃幽冥教主，統轄十殿閻羅，逢三曹普渡便在各殿設「講道所」超度尚存善根之鬼魂。

人類居於五趣（阿修羅、人、傍生、餓鬼、地獄）雜居地五濁惡世之堪忍世界，犯十惡業（殺生、偷盜、邪淫、妄語、兩舌、惡口、綺語、貪慾、嗔恚、愚痴）者必墮三趣惡道。如何出「三界」（欲界、色界、無色界）二十八天？凡人無此意識，別說能破「十二因緣」（無明、行、識、名色、六入、觸、受、愛、取、有、生、老死）還滅門，更別想斷除「四聖諦」（苦、集、滅、道）集地八十一品見惑與八十八使思惑（五利使-身見、邊見、邪見、見取見、戒禁取見、五鈍使-貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑），了悟「五蘊」（色、受、想、行、識）本空、「十二入」（眼、耳、鼻、舌、意、色、聲、香、味、觸、法）空、「十八界」空，破俱生我執與分別我執、法執甚至空執，生十一處「善心所」（信、精進、慚、愧、無貪、無瞋、無痴、輕安、不放逸、行捨、不害），降二十六處「惡心所」（貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑、惡見、忿、恨、覆、惱、嫉、慳、誑、諂、害、憍、無慚、無愧、掉舉、惛沉、不信、懈怠、放逸、失念、散亂、不正知），須知善根斷盡則陷永劫輪迴、無垠轉世之苦。

地獄可能空滅嗎？若地獄空乏人間多鬼怪，地獄淨空世間何嘗非淨土？若能證空性何處現地獄？

地獄曠古來便廣泛流傳各部族間，老死生滅為自然運行之基礎、宇宙意識之核心，然今文明昌盛如咱城邦並非慾望消弭之所，惡性所及實無可根除，礙於憲法國家法律社會軍隊企業公司學校家庭團體之層層束縛不亞於十八層，乃遁於壓抑、束己情懷，暗埋心底、日久貪嗔痴慢疑怨噌會疊穢。而六塵未熄，心多妄念，妖魔鬼怪魑魅魍魎孤魂閃靈出沒於荒郊乃至人間，會靈於曠野密林以增性靈乃出世高人修煉之舉，我等凡人擅闖宛如迪士尼般之人造地獄，三魂七魄尚不足以出竅，驚邪恐怖淒厲猙獰倒滿足了自以為是的慚愧，豈不謬哉？

病毒肆虐年半有餘，全球確診者逼近一億八千萬，枉死者近四百萬，堪比戰爭規模，望眾生發慈悲心、令往生者安息、善待其他物種、平等有情眾生。地獄本空，唯妄念生起一切羨慕嫉妒恨而地獄現前。盡以此書作為世界新冷戰獨裁者、超限戰者、暗網駭客、陰險狡猾冷嘲熱諷落井下石者之良知備忘錄矣。

姚瑞中寫於2021年端午節

Postscript

I have been living recklessly in Taiwan for more than fifty years. According to Zi Wei Dou Shu (Purple Star Astrology), Tan Lang is the sole star in my house of Self. This star, which represents xxx, forms an equilateral triangle with that star Qi Sha and Po Jun on the square chart and constitutes a Sha Po Lang pattern. The pattern indicates a kind of turbulence and change, a life of wandering with ups and downs and it tells a lot about my life. After my ill-fated youth, I started from scratch and traveled around the world with exhibitions that I participated. Like a flaneur, I wandered around ruins, nature, and temples with every type of film camera obliviously. Thus, I founded the Hall of Illusion and claimed to be the master of the hall. Several times a day, I pondered a quote from the Diamond Sutra, “Everything with form is unreal.” In addition, I usually stayed in the darkroom developing film and enlarging those negatives overnight. However, I treasured the simplicity of the black and white world. The earthly, gaudy, garish, phony and pleasing qualities within colored photos make the images even more realistic than the real world. It is not my cup of tea, so I seldom took colored photos. In Confucian thought, the age of fifty marks the stage knowing the mandate of Heaven. I am now at my fifties and realize how ephemeral human life is. However, I am not an immortal, nor having sagelike characteristics. I just learned that the stage of stainless (the second bhūmi) and develop a pure mind that is free from doubt and defilement. However, I’m still far from the immovable state and need to practice.

In the summer of 2017, after filming the work Incarnation, I experienced a severe heart rhythm problem which almost triggered myocardial infarction and could have killed me. Consequently, I realized that death was waiting for me and the life is too short to figure out how I can liberate myself from the cycle of Birth and Death. I couldn’t comprehend how to be free from all afflictions and worries and how to avoid delusive ideas. I wept for three days and nights after being enlightened by Shakyamuni Buddha. Up to the moment, I felt ashamed that I failed to realize that the self is as insignificant as dust after these years learning and practicing Buddhism. Since then, I have visited famous temples and monasteries in my spare time, worshiping Buddha, Bodhisattvas, arhats, and all the deities and immortals. Taiwan’s temples are myriad with a enormous number of sects, including Buddhism, Taoism, Yiguandao, Catholicism, Christianity, Chinese religions of fasting, Islam& Baháʼí Faith, Confucianism, Tiandiism& Tian-De Teachings, Xiwangmu cult, Yellow Emperor Sect, Precosmic Salvationism, Liism, World Wide Ethical Society, séance cult, etc. Some people even claim that they can mediate communication between the deities or spirits of the dead with human beings, having their believer rely on themselves instead of the orthodox dharma or dogma and pay excessive respect and admiration for the mediums or objects, accumulating wealth through such an unfair means or even harassing their believer sexually. Due to Taiwan’s historical changes, social turbulence, political struggles, and ideological issues, Buddhism and Taoism are somehow mixed. However, there are few emphases on the concept of the hell. As I took photographs of Yama of each court, judges, wardens of the underworld, jailers, General Fan and Hsieh (the ghost escorts) and all sinners, I found few temples cleverly created hellish scenes that are intriguing, exaggerating, and extraordinary. However, the creations are unparalleled unique. I have been studying Western arts for decades and then I came to realize that simplicity makes the most beautiful works of art. These hellish scenes can even compete with works of Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337) and Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (1475-1564).

Jingang Temple Shimen District, founded in 1986, overlooks the beautiful North shore. Although the temple is mainly dedicated to Phra Phrom (the Thai representation of Mahabrahma), spirits of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism can also be founded in the temple. The worshipper can go cross the Seven Star bridge to relieve bad luck, walk along the five hundred arhat statues and knock on the gong to affirm one’s Buddha nature. Furthermore, the worshipper can also prostrate themself before Asia’s largest statue of Buddha in Nirvana (the Reclining Buddha statue) and pacify the Taoist Tai Sui deity of the year. I was impressed by the Jia-Zi Tai Sui General that a pair of palms grow out of his eyes. In 1994, the biō-kong (the person taking charge of the temporal affairs of a temple) received a divine inspiration from Yama (the King of Hell) that he had to build a sacred hall in the shape of a divine dragon, with the interior designed according to the World of Ultimate Bliss and the Underworld. When the visitor walks in the dark hallway, they will see the tortured people (dioramas, of course) scrunching their faces and crying bitterly and loudly in excessive grief as the visitor triggers the mechanism. One will even find them in the midst of flesh, body liquid and blood, mutilated limbs, and rotten corpses. While each of the ten Yamas are focusing on their own duties, showing their sacred dignity that collect visitors’ attention. The Baogong Temple in Linkou District, New Taipei City exclusively features colorful depiction of hellish scenes in relief in Taiwan. With its pastel shades and cartoon-like style, the relief is both grotesque and adorable at the same time. This temple is dedicated to Bao Zhen (also known as Justice Bao) representing the incarnation of Yama. Living people who have been treated unjustly can come worshipping Bao Gong and receive exorcism. Therefore, many people come here for seeking to solve unsolved cases. In Zhongyuan Festival (the ghost festival), the temple will burn the Zhizha (paper craft) boat to ferry the ghosts to the other shore, which is the shore of enlightenment. The only giant statue of Yama in Taiwan is still in the making. The temple is surrounded by a cemetery, suitable for meditating on the loathsomeness and impurity. Nantian Temple (1971), located next to the Eight Trigram Mountains Buddha in Changhua, features the first animatronic underworld. Despite the small size, the animatronic underworld is intensely shocking. Though it’s slightly worn, the colorful dioramas are still brutally ferocious. The creator was the late venerable Dao Zhang (Taoist priest) Jing Deng-fu while the origin of animatronic deities can be traced back to the 1960s Beigang Chaotian Temple. On the contrary, the Whiteman Toothpaste Tourism Factory in Shuishang Township, Chiayi, features ten Yamas with individual booth. The place is unexpectedly clean and polished yet keeps a simple and modest tone. Then, the Dragon Pagoda of the Dragon and Tiger Pagodas at Lotus Lake in Zuoying, Kaohsiung, holds the only relief of hellish scenes made of Kochin ceramic. All the figures are vivid and life-like. If one goes further into the pagoda, they will see a relief tunnel of the thirty-three incarnations of the white-robed form of Guanyin (Avalokiteśvara) on a white lotus, with a lovely and interesting design. Another Hall of Yama is built in the 1970s next to the entrance of Dagangshan Chaofeng Temple, located in the Alian District of Kaohsiung. Visitors will also see three statues of the Three Holy Ones of the Western Pureland (Amitābha, Avalokiteśvara, Mahāsthāmaprāpta) which assemble at a lotus pond. Although the hellish scene looks somewhat antiquated, you may still find its previous charm. If one goes further, they will reach the sculptural garden of “Attaining the Bodhi Way: the Incarnation of Sakyamuni Buddha,” where the visitor can see the essence of Bhagavato’s (meaning the Blessed one, one of the common epithets for Buddha) life. When Tathāgata (another epithet for Buddha) was old, the king of Kosala wanted to avenge the arrogance of the tribe of Shakyas who had long despised him, regarding him as a son of a maiden. Although Buddha has sat in lotus position alone three times to stop the army from attacking his tribe. However, one can never reverse the cause and following karma. The prince born of a maiden was so furious that he eventually destroyed his homeland. Maudgalyāyana (one of the Buddha’s closest disciples), who is said to have had supernatural abilities that surpassed the other disciples, could not bear to see the slaughter of innocent people. Thus, he saved five hundred people of his tribe with a pātra (an eating utensil of Buddhist monks). Unfortunately, everything he did was in vain, those who were saved eventually turned into a puddle of blood. The Buddha said that the supernatural abilities cannot surpass the power of karma. The cause and effect work all the time. When Maudgalyāyana’s mother fell into the path of hungry ghost, he used his supernatural abilities to save his mother from hunger. However, all the food turned into fire before being fed to his mother. Later, the Buddha commanded the monks to put nectar and dishes in a basin on the 15th day of the seventh month in the lunar calendar for the monks from all directions to free his mother from reincarnation. In later times, the Ullambana Dharma Service, the Compassionate Samadhi Water Repentance, and the Yoga Collection for Feeding the Searing Mouths Dharma Service are rituals to eliminate karmic hindrance and to cease to worldly delusions. Through such practices, one can free the dead as well as confess their repentance.

Madou Daitian Temple is a magnificent and colorful temple in Tainan. Not only can the worshippers visit the eighteen levels of Hell but also the Heaven (it was built in 1979 and inaugurated in 1983) here. The lighting and sound effects are stunning and frightening. When walking alone in the space, one may feel like taking a Guan Luo Yin trip (a Taoist necromancy which leads people’s spirits to hell and communicate with the dead ones) to visit the underworld prison. Before arriving the first court of the underworld, the visitor will walk through the Mountain of Heart Summit, the Pure Heart Pond, the Frontier between the Living and the Dead Realms, the Soul Registry Hall, the Portico of Demons, the Center for Complementary Teaching of Canonical Books, the Citadel of Premature Death, and the Bridge of Vanity. When one arrives at the first court, they will see King Chin-guang, who is in charge of the court, using the Mirror of Retribution to show the earthly form of evil creatures and also witness the sub-hell of Pillar-Holding and Fire Bed, etc. At the second court, King Chu-jiang collates the register of sins the souls of the dead have committed to impose the punishments. Here, you will see the sub-hell of Excrement and Urine, Hungry Ghost, Burning Dance Floor, Ice, Pus and Blood, Whipping, Tongue-Raking, Sword Blade, Stomach-Piercing, Chopping, etc. Next, the dead at the third court, ruled by King Song-di, will receive the punishments including inversion tortures, face-skinning with steel and copper knife, eye-wrenching, pounding, blood-sucking, rib-piercing, roasting, tendon-taking, being eaten by maggots. The visitor can pay a visit to the Palace of Soul-Resuscitation for the Four Forms of Creatures (birth from an egg, birth from a womb, birth from moisture, and birth by transformation). King Wu-guan is in charge of the fourth court. There are sixteen sub-hells at the fourth court including Waist Chop, Tongue Removal, Boiling Pond, Mouth-stabbing, Skin-peeling, Sword Tree, Burning Wheels and Cart, Eye-shooting, etc. Next, at the fifth court, sinful souls are allowed to ascend the Tower of Hometown-Viewing to take a final look of their family. The visitor will witness sub-hells of Knee-striking, Heart-slicing, Blade Mountain, Flying Swords and Burning Stones, etc. The King of Bian City takes charge of the sixth court, which is also known as the “Great Hell of Screaming,” with sub-hells including Fire Cattle, Tiger-Biting, Kidney-Eating, Mouth-Poking, Throat-Nailing, Iron Mill, Decapitation, etc. The King of Tai-shan is in charge of the seventh court, the “Great Hell of Heat and Fire.” The sixteen sub-hells at this court include Finger-Searing, Bowel-Hauling, Stone-Bearing, Boiling Oil, Tongue-Removal and Cheek-Piercing, etc. Next, the King Du-shi is in charge of the eighth court, the “Great Hell of Intense Fire and Heat,” and the sub-hells including Fire Dogs, Molten Iron, Iron Snakes, Dismemberment, Steel Spikes, Burning-Marrow, Iron Ball, Scale, etc. The ninth court is ruled by the King Ping-deng. It is known as the biggest court, Avici Hell (the Hell of Incessant Suffering), which if the lowest level of the hell realm and the interior is gloomily and terrifyingly dark. Those who committed the most serious evil deed will be sent to the Avici Hell. Sub-hells such as Poisonous Snake, Brain-Removal, Crow-Gnawing, Raining Needles, Wasps and Scorpions are included at this court. After arriving the tenth court, ruled by the Great King of the Reincarnation Palace, one can visit the “Observatory of Life on earth” and the “eight bureaus of the Reincarnation Palace” (including the Bureau of Judicial Control, the Bureau of Good-Actions, the Bureau of Bad-Actions, the Bureau of Debts, Gratitude, and Vengeance, the Bureau of Longevity and Destiny, the Bureau of Familial Ties, the Bureau of the Reincarnated, and the Bureau of Birth). The sinful one will be sent to the Pavilion of Mengpo and made to drink the Soup of Forgetfulness to forget all past affairs. According to the sinful one’s merits of previous life, they will go across one of the six bridges (gold, silver, jade, stone, wood, bamboo) to the “Reincarnation-Wheel (Wheel on the Crimson River).” Finally, one is able to reborn in the six realms. According to the Aṣṭadaśa nāraka sutra ( the Eighteen Hells Sutra), after one passes away, they will enter an intermediate and transitional state between death and rebirth, known as antarābhava in Sanskrit, for forty-nine days. The being will be evaluated by Yama, who will decide if one should get reborn or get punished at the hell. Those who committed the Five Grave Offenses (killing one’s father, killing one’s mother, killing an Arhat, shedding the blood of a Buddha, and creating a schism within the community of Buddhist monks and nun who practice for attaining enlightenment.) will be sent to the Avici Hell and stay there eternally. Kṣitigarbha is the Lord of the Nether World, ruling the ten court of Hell. The lord will set up the “Hall of Teaching” at each court to salvage those sinful ones who still obtain few merits at the offering rituals.

Human beings live the Sahā world (sahāloka in Sanskrit, meaning “endurance of suffering,” a concept of mundane world in Mahāyāna Buddhism) where they share with other reincarnations (including beings of the hells, of the preta, and of malevolent nature spirits) with five turbidities (the Kalpa turbidity, the view turbidity, the affliction turbidity, the living beings turbidity, and the life turbidity). Those who commit the ten evil deeds (killing, stealing, adultery, lying, using immoral language, slandering, equivocating, coveting, anger, and false views) must fall into the three evil paths (animals, preta, and hell). However, how can one escape from the three realms/ twenty-eight heavens (including the six heavens of the desire realm, the eighteen heavens of the form realm, and the four heavens of the formless realm)? Worldly people who don’t have such an awareness cannot leave the cycle of the twelve nidanas (meaning causes or motivations), let alone eliminate the eighty-one afflictions (that have been produced due to misunderstanding regarding reality) and the eighty-eight illusions (including five afflictions of advanced practitioners, also known as five views: view of self, extreme view, evil view, view of attachment to views, and view of morality; and five unintelligent temptations: desire, anger, stupidity, arrogance, and doubt) of thought within the three realms and four Arya satyas (noble truths, including suffering, arising, ending, and path). They cannot realize that the essence of the five skandhas (referring to aggregates of clinging, including the matter of form, sensation, recognition, mental formation, and consciousness) , the twelve ayatana (meaning sense base, including six internal bases: eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind and six external bases: visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects), and the eighteen dhātavah (meaning compositional elements of human existence, including six consciousness, six faculties, and their objects) are the emptiness and the void. Furthermore, they cannot dispel the two reasons for clinging to the idea of the self and the attachment to elemental constructs and even believe in the two (false) tenets that that karma and nirvana are not real and that the ego and phenomena are real. As a consequence, they fail to develop the eleven wholesome mental factors (faith, energy, conscience, being ashamed, non-attachment, non-aggression, non-delusion, calmness, equanimity, conscientiousness, and non-injuriousness) and cease the sixteen unwholesome mental factors (desire, greed, anger, delusion, arrogance, doubt, wrong view, wrath, enmity, hypocrisy, vexation, jealousy, parsimony, deceit, flattery, harming, ambitiousness, stupidity, lacking of faith, idleness, being unrestrained, forgetting, distraction, non-discernment, ). One must bear in mind that once all our virtuous roots are discontinued, they will be trapped in the never-ending reincarnation and the suffering of infinite continuity.
Is it possible that the hell will be empty one day? If the beings in hell will become extinct while evil spirits inhabit the mundane world, the world could be considered as a pure land. If we could witness the nature of the void, then hell will exist no more.
Since ancient times, the concept of hell has been widely spread among all tribes. Aging, death, beginning, and end are the basis of nature and the core of cosmic consciousness. However, the prosperous civilization as our island is not a place where desire can be eliminated. It’s impossible to eradicate evil nature. Since fetters brought by the constitution, the state, the law, society, the military, corporations, schools, families, and groups are not less than the eighteen levels of hell, the mortals repress themselves, bury their feelings. Day after day, greed, anger, stupidity, arrogance, doubt, and resentment are stacking. However, since the six dust (visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects) has not yet been extinguished, people in the mundane world are still full of delusions. The demons, devils, evil spirits, and the wondering dead exist in the wilderness, while only advanced practitioners with transcendent would attempt to make contact with the dead in the wasteland and forest. Worldly people like us trespass in Disneyland-like man-made hell. It is absurd and ridiculous that the hellish scenes cannot stop us from perpetrating evil deeds, but the horrific and cruel scenes yet satisfy our self-righteous shame.

The pandemic has been boiling over for more than a year and a half. The number of infected patients worldwide is nearly a hundred and eighty million, and the death toll has risen to four million, which is equivalent to a war crisis. I hope that we can all be compassionate, give peace to the dead, treat all sentient beings well and equally. The hell is innately empty; however, deluded and misleading thoughts would give rise to all jealousy and hatred and then manifest the hell before us. This book merely serves as a memorandum of conscience for dictators of the world’s new cold war, supporters of unrestrained warfare, dark web hackers, and those who are cunning and contemptuous and maltreat others when knowing they have problems.

June 2021,

Yao Jui-chung