關於 自動售賣機牌照 ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

《十大麻雀館如何經營? 你要知》相信是香港歷史上最詳盡關於麻雀館點做生意的影片。

第十: 香港麻雀館的歷史
第九: 麻雀館行業現況
第八: 麻雀館如何出牌?
第七: 麻雀館內設施
第六: 麻雀館規則
第五: 麻雀館員工如何分工?
第四: 麻雀館點賺錢?
第三: 麻雀館最大成本?
第二: 麻雀館如何防範老千?
第一: 麻雀館賺幾錢?

全文內容:

(旺角卡門電影開端) 這樣的電影已過時了! 已是30年前了。我並不是鼓勵你去賭錢，不過真的希望能夠跟你一起揭開麻雀館這個神秘面紗。我走遍港九新界七間不同的麻雀館，與不同的負責人私底下了解過他們如何運作。今天就跟你分享一下《十大麻雀館如何經營? 你要知》

第十: 香港麻雀館的歷史

麻雀館每月從中抽取利潤(俗稱抽水)超過千萬，是真的! 但成本高到你不能相信，為了留住客人，什麼都會送，成本十分驚人。一旦計錯數，隨時會蝕本。但要記住，是麻雀館，並不是麻雀會! 麻雀會只是普通「會所牌照」，不能抽水，牌照並不值錢。麻雀館就不同了，並不是有錢就能夠買得到。要了解麻雀館，先跟你講解一下相關的歷史。

麻雀館的歷史一定要先提雞記，與他的始創人：麻雀業鼻祖—林坤。1933年他於廟街經營了雞記士多專門售賣零食，當時如果沒事幹，便會於門口擺放幾張麻雀枱供街坊打麻雀耍樂，每人每日收一毫子。怎料來打麻雀的街坊越來越多，麻雀生意越來越好，便索性關閉士多業務，而其他士多又效法，法例又沒有監管，從此越來越多的麻雀館相繼誕生。

後來由於太過盛行，1955年港英政府決定立法全面禁賭，頭號目標就是要打擊全港成行成市的麻雀館，令麻雀業瀕臨滅絕的危機。

人稱雞叔的林坤，就組織了一個「港九麻雀商會」跟政府理論，指出打麻雀乃中國國粹，亦是平民百姓的消遣娛樂，有錢人可以去賽馬，但窮人又可以到哪裡消閒呢?

他認為香港人打麻雀就如外國人玩啤牌一樣， 如果要禁麻雀，不如一併禁啤牌。 再者，啤牌可以安安靜靜於家中耍樂，但麻雀噪音比較大，容易影響鄰居，因此於麻雀館內有規範的情況下會更好。經過他一連四個月的游說，終於能夠說服港英政府，於1956年刊登憲報，宣佈麻雀業合法化。並以一副麻雀牌的總數144隻作上限，發出144個牌照。 油麻地雞記亦因此而成為香港第一間持牌麻雀館。

當時港英政府為免鼓吹賭博，牌照上英文名稱是以Mahjong School (麻雀學校)， 因此輸錢會被取笑為交學費。

第九: 麻雀館行業現況

麻雀館的現況? 以前麻雀用竹製造，因此麻雀館又名竹館。麻雀館一向予人感覺是江湖人物的生意—品流複雜，烏煙瘴氣，粗口橫飛，龍蛇混雜，打架霸地盤，刀光劍影，無法無天，動不動就拉去後巷拳打腳踢，沒有監管的九反之地。加上七八十年代，很多警匪/英雄/江湖電影中，麻雀館內的暴力情節為大眾洗腦，如果你未入過麻雀館的話，以上全部都可能是一個假像。

因此，2007年起業界就團結起來，全行通過不能夠再將麻雀館外借拍江湖片，免得形象再受損。

但老實說，形象已經負面便很難改善，令很多第二/三代皆不願意接手，再加上顧客群老化，最衰落的時候是2003年沙士一役令到很多間麻雀館倒閉。新牌又難以申請，舊的相繼倒閉，現在全港就只剩下大約六十間持牌的麻雀館。

沙士後鹹魚翻生，多謝 (1) 自由行，(2)新移民，(3)很多麻雀館都放棄廣東牌， 引入深圳牌的碰槓牌玩法，亦即全沖牌，俗稱「跑馬仔」以鬥快食糊為目標， 只可碰，不可上，不再浪費時間造牌及計番，除食糊能夠收錢外，開槓亦有錢收，以及 (4)自動麻雀機的盛行，縮短時間至每局三至五分鐘就完成，立刻付款。減少出千的機會。新玩法吸引了不少年青人以及大陸客，現在可以說是從返麻雀業界的黃金歲月。

第八: 黃金歲月? 麻雀館如何出牌? 現在的牌照正式稱為「麻將/天九牌照」，由民政事務總署發出。出牌條件包括:

. 不得於中午12時至午夜12時以外的時間營業

. 18歲以下人士不得內進

. 不能向客人提供任何貸款或賒帳

. 抽佣不能多於牌照列明的上限，一般是5%

. 持牌人必須親自經營管理，不能轉讓牌照等。

以上項目都比較容易執行，以下3項條件才是最難以執行：

(1) 你需要證明申請人是合適經營麻雀館；(2) 地區有確實的需要去開設多一間麻雀館(public demand)；以及(3)充分考慮區內人士可能會提出的反對。如果我家樓下突然開了一間麻雀館，我也一定會反對。

難怪行外人想申請麻將/天九牌照根本上是不可能。即使是行內人，也起碼要申請一年至一年半。期間還要納空租，所以麻雀館若非自己的物業是相當難申請的。

還有請你留意一下，中環/上環/西環/柴灣/小西灣/赤柱/ 將軍澳/九龍灣/青衣/東涌/沙田/上水等等地方，皆沒有麻雀館。 並非因為以上各區均沒有public demand，而是政府根本不願意通過申請。

第七: 麻雀館內有什麼設施呢？一進入門口，先見一見關公。記住營業期間要持續上香，避免得失意頭而導致輸錢。除了傳統祭品之外，最緊要擺放足夠的生薑，何解呢? 因為「夠薑」(夠膽)。 我錄這一條片都可以算是夠薑了。

茶水間，全場閉路電視，當然是以防有人出千，以防員工中飽私囊。牌例介紹， 若然不明白便可以問人解釋到你明白為止。牌種吊牌則顯示每張枱的注碼，當抽水後員工會拍一拍吊牌表示已經抽水。牆上面會有水兜，兜著已抽水的細額面鈔及銀幣；而水箱則用來裝金大額面鈔。

賽馬有分草地及泥地。而打麻雀亦一樣。舊式廣東牌用的是酸枝木檯面，因是啡色，故行內稱之為「泥地」。而新式的全沖牌(深圳牌)改用的電動麻雀枱，一般是綠色絨布檯面，故行內稱之為「草地」。 由於流轉量快及抽水量多，因此絕大部分都會選擇「草地」。

第六: 麻雀館規則

不要想得太複雜，比起廣東牌簡單得多。Really?! 我是麻雀門外漢，但我去了七間麻雀館打麻雀，一入去我就會選擇最細注碼的枱，通常100/200，與另外三個陌生人打牌，並說明我是初哥，會比較慢。他們都是很友善的，還會教我打牌。如果不夠4人呢? 沒關係，他們還有「檯面」，即是穿著制服的「戥腳」，方便幫人客湊夠4人開枱。

我雖然前後支付了一千多元的學費，但其實我都有食糊的。再加上其中幾間，一進去便給我利是，足足100元，對於我這個「運吉」的客人來說也算不錯。

牌例? 打法為大陸碰槓牌（即跑馬仔），以鬥快糊牌為目標。不用造牌或計番數，只準碰牌(例如三隻九萬)，不準上牌(例如一二三萬)。開槓即收錢 (例如4隻四萬)。以100/200為例，自摸明槓每位收100，自摸暗槓每位收200，打牌給對手槓，一人輸300，如槓後自摸或再槓就三家均需付款。出沖，一人輸200。自摸食糊每位收200，自摸之後再中獎馬，每位再收多200。何謂中獎馬呢? 意指你食糊後，會有一次機會，按你的位置要抽到以下的牌就可以贏雙倍錢。所有牌例要說也說不完，但基本上沒有什麼技巧可言。行內人會形容為八成靠運氣，兩成靠技巧。

試想想，我這個初哥，去了七間，也只是輸了一千多元。如果去澳門絕對不只這個數。與澳門不同的是，你是與賭場對賭。而麻雀館則純粹抽水，誰贏錢就抽水5%，可以說是沒有風險可言。

第五: 麻雀館員工如何分工?

持牌人—即是最終負責任人，任何責任均需由他來承擔。

頭排—即係店舖總管，通常會站在舖中間，一眼關七。

巡場—負責看守自己範圍內左右兩邊的麻雀枱

檯面—即是穿著制服的戥腳。麻雀館給他們的指引，一般都是「贏少少或是打和」，避免大輸大贏，以吸引客人繼續打下去。

圍場—即是穿便服的戥腳，又稱「特約客戶commissioned player」。免得讓人客有被三個制服人員包圍的感覺，好大壓力的!

後生—即是跑腿，幫人客買零食/交電費/買餸等等

茶水—即是斟茶遞水

水袋—即是拿著錢袋到處走，負責幫人客找零錢及抽水

櫃面—負責現金收支

庶務—即是打雜

賬房—即是管數

以一間三十張枱的麻雀館為例，員工足足有六十人以上。麻雀館的工作，一般都被認為是「筍工」。每一位員工都入職數十年都不願意辭職。何解呢? 雖然上班12小時，但通常都包括膳食時間及小息時間。零售業通常上班六天才放假一天，但麻雀館則是上班兩天便放假一天。

何謂資本主義? 我現在就展現一個最完美的典範給你看。麻雀館行規，如賺錢呢? 老闆分六成，員工分四成。我重複，老闆分六成，員工分四成。基本上除底薪以外，按職級分份數多少，頭排分兩至三份，後生分半份。以二線區的麻雀館為例，每月每份花紅約七千元至萬蚊，如果旺區，如旺角，一個普通女工的月入隨時高達六至八萬。 以前就會日日結帳分紅，不過由於太麻煩了，現在已改為每個星期分紅。是否好過一般上班族要等到年底才有分紅呢？為什麼我會知? 不是我編的，而是「鷄鳴報喜」這本書有寫!

第四: 麻雀館如何賺錢呢? 了解完行內的術語你便會明白了。

銀頭—每日開店時做生意的現金

水份—麻雀館每日抽水生意的收入，一般都是抽贏家的5%。

上數/下數—即是指員工落場戥腳，贏錢就是上數，輸錢就是下數。行內人士稱，一般都是輸錢的， 因為一家對三家，卻只玩一會，輸錢的機會率當然比較大， 平均約10-20%。

看看這張「上下數」更紙。最頂的數字就是員工圍客編號，上半紅色字是「上數」，下半藍色字就是「下數」。

還有:

大閘—就是每日固定支出，例如人工，租金，水電等

小閘—就是每日不固定的支出，例如人客的餐飲費，利是，日用品等

哪麼麻雀館如何賺錢呢? 好簡單，你就要睇「收實」。

收實—就是水份(即是5%抽水)減去大閘、小閘(即是固定支出及雜項)、再加/減上下數、即等於每天的盈利或虧蝕。

但要緊記，老闆只收六成，其餘四成會分給員工，這樣才能夠上下一心，真是良心企業。我還未做得到!

第三: 麻雀館最大的成本是什麼? 店舖通常都是自己的物業，因此並無租金可言。員工人工? 賺錢才會分多點給他們。

要吸引新客，留住舊客，最大的成本當然是顧客服務。來到麻雀館打牌，舖內固然有免費茶水及小食，想叫跑腿幫手買零食或者叫外賣都無問題，想吃得比較好?魚翅/鮑魚/燕窩，都無問題。交水費/電費/去街市買餸兼接小朋友放學呢? No problem! 最緊要是你留低打得開心。當然大家做生意，如果你打得細，便不要要求太多了。

對於大陸豪客而言，正! 專車口岸接送，包飲、包食、包住、包shopping。聽說，人客撞壞了別人的車，麻雀館都會負責維修費。成本是否很高呢? 行內人士稱，這些貼身客戶服務的成本已佔了水份的二至五成。但如果你不是這樣做，而其他行家做，你便會流失客人。真是生意難做，這也是業界最擔心的成本失控。

第二: 麻雀館如何防範老千?

這些情節，過氣了。雖然間中都有報道，稱麻雀館有人出千。但近年真的不太多。如何防範呢?

(1) 麻雀館的麻雀牌一般比較大隻一點，較難用掩眼法。現在碰槓牌的新玩法， 簡單，快，亦都比較難出千。

(2) 一般幾個朋友入去，都要分開枱坐，免得幾個串通。四周圍都是閉路電視， 加上幾十對員工的眼睛望實哪個熟口熟面的老千出現，一見到你打牌的方法出現問題，就會馬上請你走並跟你說：「外面有人找你」，你便明白了。

最後，第一，麻雀館賺多少錢呢?

現在香港最大的麻雀集團就是瑞興麻雀，包括瑞昌、瑞豐、誠興麻雀館等。由前探長石鑑輝創立，人人都知道他身家幾百億。代表麻雀館，肯定賺到錢。新玩法、新移民、新遊客、新設備，成為麻雀館近年的四大新動力，但政府現在又難發牌， 我自己親身去了好多間麻雀館，都要排隊打牌。往往旺足12小時。現在就要跟你計數。

以一間麻雀館有三十張枱為例，每局玩三至五分鐘，即是一小時就能夠玩12局，三十張枱，12小時，全場全日就有4,320局。我明白，未必由朝旺到晚，就打個七折，即是每日3,000局。

注額平則街坊100/200，貴則旺區10000/20000，開槓馬上付款，自摸三家付，中獎馬又雙倍，就當每局平均係300/600，明槓每位300，再自摸食糊每家收600，合共2,700，抽水5%即係135。

每局抽水135，乘以每日3,000局， 即係合共抽水差不多四十萬。乘以30日，即每月抽水約千二萬。

難怪，細雞林國強，於他的書內第104頁寫道，現在是麻雀業的黃金歲月，據知收入最好的麻雀館，憑每局牌抽水百分之五，一日就有過百萬元的進帳。」扣除人工，分紅，以及顧客貼身服務及送出去優惠的成本，每月賺多少? 大家現在都心裡有數吧。

賺到錢後，就買舖買物業，幾百億身家從何處來，你總算明白了。

最後，麻雀館並不是你想像中的黑暗。大家都是打開門口做生意，有機會你去光顧一下便會明白。

買舖/租舖/放舖/投資商舖基金熱線: 28301111 或 whatsapp +852 90361143

盛滙商舖基金 Bridgeway 網頁 www.bwfund.com

李根興創業之友 https://www.facebook.com/EdwinNetwork/

李根興商舖之友 https://www.facebook.com/edwinprimeshop/

李根興 youtube 商舖創業及投資分享商舖創業及投資分享https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEN66AnLghXESgCDIsz-3Nw

#麻雀館點做生意，#商舖, #李根興, #麻雀館

Just a quick update for those who might not have heard of our election result as of yesterday.

We've had the highest voting rate since 2004, with a turnout rate of 58% - reflecting how important it is given that it is the first one since the Umbrella Movement in 2014.

Pro-democracy camp has maintained its veto power in LegCo (at least in relation to members bills and constitutional reforms), winning 19 seats out of 35 in the Geographical Constituency, and 11 out of 35 in the Functional Constituency.

There are some new faces in the LegCo, with new generations now entering the council. Six candidates have set to advocate for Hong Kong's "self-determination" in the LegCo. Although localist parties did not do as well as I'd hope, overall the results still remain positive.

In case you've missed it, here's the video which is a continuation of my previous video explaining how Hong Kong is not China. This video will give you a better idea into Hong Kong's flawed institutional structure. It is to be seen whether call for Hong Kong's self-determination can really be brought up in the LegCo.

Lastly, for the next period of time, I will be returning to my usual Cantonese videos (travelling, vlogging etc). I know that many of you perhaps don't understand Cantonese so I will be putting on English subtitles in my future videos.

Thanks,
Auman

Hong Kong Independence?
…all you need to know about recent Hong Kong in 15 minutes
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↓↓Transcript (as requested)↓↓

我們之前提及香港與中國有截然不同的制度
So previously we talked about Hong Kong and China having vastly a different system
香港是一個仿民主社會，而中國即由中國共產黨統治
Hong Kong is a quasi-democratic society while China is dominated by the Chinese Communist Party
所以我們不希望人們混淆兩者
…so we don’t want people to get confused between the two
但故事還未講完
But the story doesn’t end here
明年是2017年，香港主權移交給中國的20週年
Next year 2017, it would be 20 years since Hong Kong’s turnover to China
你大概會以為這段時間香港和中國會越走越近
You would’ve thought that during this time, Hong Kong and China would’ve grown closer to one another
但事實卻非如此
But it has not been so.
香港人和中國人反而變得越來越有隔膜
If anything, we’ve grown to be more and more apart.
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沒錯 在過去20年
Yes it is true that during the last two decades
中國從一個發展中國家 發展成現時最大經濟體系之一
China has gone from being a developing country to what is now one of the largest, if not the largest economy in the world
人民收入增加 生活質素提升 有些中國人也躋身全球富豪榜
…which means rising income for Chinese citizens, better quality of life and China has some of the richest people in the world
香港人應該為中國人身份感到自豪吧
If anything, Hong Kong people should be a proud China man!
我還記得2008北京奧運 那個開幕典禮實在是精妙絕倫
I still remember seeing the Beijing Olympics in 2008; that opening ceremony was outrageously amazing
花了很多心機 很好看
…it was beautifully done and such a joy to watch
那是香港人少有地為國家感到自豪的一刻
It was one of those rare moments where Hong Kong people share the same sense of pride as the rest of China
不過 現實歸現實
But the Olympics is one thing, and reality is another
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事實上，自主權移交以來，香港和中國一直有許多矛盾和衝突
The truth is there have been a lot of conflicts between Hong Kong and China since the handover
香港向中國打開了大門，每天都有大量中國遊客到訪
Hong Kong has largely opened up to China where we get a huge number of Chinese tourists every day
旅客本身不應該是個問題，但我們目睹過不少中國旅客的不文明行為
並不是問題。重點在於中國遊客所製造出來的問題。
While tourism shouldn’t be a problem in itself, we have witnessed a lot of issues with these Chinese tourists
例如不懂得在迪士尼樂園排隊 和隨地小便
There had been reports of uncivilized behavior such as not knowing how to queue in Disneyland and… pissing on the street.
我必須強調 不是所有中國遊客都會這樣做 只有一部份會這樣做
And I can’t emphasize enough, not every Chinese tourists do it, it’s just some that does it
但由於香港每天都有大量的中國遊客 這成為了一個逼切的問題
…but because Hong Kong gets so many of them, that becomes a daily problem for people living in Hong Kong.
除此之外，我們可以看到名牌店和藥房的數量激增，以滿足中國遊客的需求
And it’s not just that, we see the rise in luxury shops and pharmacies in Hong Kong to tailor the need of Chinese tourists
如果你去上水（很接近中國邊境的地方）的街頭
If you go to a street in Sheung Shui, which is a place very close to the mainland border
我以前常常去的──你會看見到處都是藥房
I used to go there a lot - you see streets full of pharmacies
其實我完全不明白為何這些店舖會叫做藥房
…and I don’t even know why they are called pharmacies
因為他們主要不是售賣藥物，而是奶粉和尿片
…because mainly they don’t sell medicine, they sell baby milk formula and diapers.
事實上 大陸人不相信中國製的貨品
The thing is, mainland Chinese don’t trust their own stuff
因為在中國任何東西都有可能是假的 那裡沒有質量管制或食物安全
…because you can get fake everything in China; there’s no quality control or food safety
所以很多中國人都會來香港買日用品 如奶粉
So many Chinese come to Hong Kong to buy daily stuff and one product that has always been in high demand is baby milk formulas
香港部份地區甚至出現奶粉短缺的問題
It has got to a point where the supply became so tight that there is a shortage of milk formulas in some areas of Hong Kong
如果你住在歐洲或美國，這情況可能難以置信
If you are living in the Europe or the US, this might sound really hard to believe
嬰兒配方奶粉和尿片！但這是真的，這切切實實在香港發生
Milk formula and diapers, but it’s true, it is what’s happening in Hong Kong.
還有其他問題，例如中國孕婦來港產子等
I can go on about other stuff as well such as the number of Mainland pregnant women who come to Hong Kong
事實上，在2010年，37%新生嬰兒的父母均不是香港永久居民
In fact, in 2010, as much as 37% of all babies born in Hong Kong have neither parents being a permanent Hong Kong resident
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基於這些中港矛盾的問題 香港出現越來越嚴重的反中情緒
Basically because of all these things, this has led to an increasingly serious anti-Chinese hype in Hong Kong
很多香港人都不歡迎中國人 只想他們離開
Many local people are furious and just want them to go away
但對我來說 問題永遠出於制度
But to me, the real problem always lies in the system
我不想將整件事歸疚於中國人身上
Conceptually, I hate to put my frustration upon the Chinese people
因為要來港購物以保障自身安全並不是他們的錯
Because it’s not their fault that they have to buy things from Hong Kong to ensure that they are safe
但制度上出了甚麼問題？
But what about the system?
關於這個制度我簡述如下
There’s a lot I can say about this system, but for now I will just simplify it as follows
在制度頂端有中國共產黨，之後有香港政府和立法會中的建制派
At the top of the system we have the Chinese Communist Party, then we have the Hong Kong government and the pro-establishment camp in our Legislative council
簡單來說，這個制度一直想將香港變成中國的一個普通城市
In short, this system has been trying to turn Hong Kong into just another city of China
並且破壞一國兩制的原則
…and damaging the core principle of “One Country, Two Systems”
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很長時間以來，香港人一直在爭取民主
For a long time, Hong Kong people have been advocating for full democracy
即是普選，可以提名和投票給我們自己的領袖（行政長官）
That means universal suffrage with the right to nominate and elect our own leader, which in Hong Kong is called the Chief Executive
根據基本法，我們有普選的權利
According to the Basic Law, we have a legal right to universal suffrage.
在過去20年，中國政府曾多次承諾香港人會有普選
In the past 20 years, the Chinese government has assured Hong Kong several times that we are going to get universal suffrage
但他們一直拖延實施普選的日期
But they have been pushing back the date for it
又推托說香港人未準備好，所以2007年和2012年都沒有普選。
…and kept saying Hong Kong wasn’t ready, so we didn’t get it in 2007 and 2012
但北京承諾香港2017年可普選特首
But the Chinese has set a timeline for it, and they said Hong Kong would eventually get universal suffrage by 2017
結果，2014年8月31日，北京說
And guess what, on 31st August 2014, the Chinese said
好，你可以有你想要的普選，但我們需要增加幾個條件
Alright you are going to get your universal suffrage, but we are going to have to impose some conditions
首先，行政長官必需愛國
First the Chief Executive must be someone who is patriotic to China
第二，候選人需要先得到現有的行政長官選舉委員會的提名 (絕大部分都是親中代表)
Secondly candidates are going to be nominated by the current Election Committee, which consists (mostly) of 1200 pro-Beijing representatives
最後，無論誰勝出選舉，都要得到中國政府委任才可成為行政長官
Lastly, whoever wins the popular election must be appointed by the Chinese government
所以他們就是說，好，你們可以普選，但我們保留剔除任何人的權利
So basically they are saying, alright you can get your vote but we reserve the right to screen out anyone that we dislike
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北京公布831決定後，香港人當然很憤怒
After this was announced by the Chinese officials, we were bloody furious
所以我們展開了一連串抗議行動，要求真普選
So we began a series of protests demanding for “true universal suffrage”
我們一直以來都覺得普選就是
For years we have always thought universal suffrage means just that
一個民主及公開的選舉
The right to vote in a democratic and open election
但是中共卻憑空製造了完全相反的東西
But the CCP managed to create something that is completely contrary to that
結果，大學生開始罷課
As a result, university students like myself began boycotting classes
並參與在金鐘香港政府總部外舉行的集會
…and attended gathering outside the Hong Kong government headquarters in Admiralty to protest
這演變成持續79天的佔領金鐘、銅鑼灣和旺角的運動
This has then turned into a 79-days long widespread occupy movement in streets of Admiralty, Causeway Bay and Mongkok
期間警察使用催淚彈和胡椒噴霧來驅散我們，我們即用雨傘作盾
During this time, police has used tear gas and pepper spray to try to get rid of us and we used umbrellas as shield
解釋了為什麼這叫雨傘運動或雨傘革命
That’s why this is called the Umbrella Movement or Umbrella Revolution
我個人不喜歡稱之為革命，因為革命通常與激進的改變有關
Personally I don’t like to call it a revolution, because revolution is often associated with some sort of radical change
但對於我們來說，79天佔領街頭後，仍毫無成果
But for us, after 79-days of occupying the streets, nothing has changed.
到今天為止，一切維持原狀──沒有行政長官普選
So to this day, the status quo remains – there is no universal suffrage for our Chief Executive election
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但是為何我們這麼想要普選？
But why do we want universal suffrage so much?
你要明白，我們的制度一直都有缺陷
Well you have to understand that our governmental system has always been institutionally flawed
一般當我們提到三權分立時，有行政、立法和司法三個機關
Usually when we talk about the Separation of Powers, we have the Executive, the Legislative and the Judiciary
這三個機關本應互相制衡，沒有人能夠掌控一切的權力
They are meant to act as checks and balances of each other so no one gets too much power
因為正如英國的阿克頓男爵所言：
…because as Lord Acton famously said,
「權力導致腐敗，絕對權力導致絕對腐敗。」
“Power corrupts, and absolute power corrupts absolutely.”
我們不但行政長官是經由1200人的小圈子挑選 當中大部份為親中人士
Not only is our leader of the executive selected by a small-group of 1,200 voters – the majority of whom are pro-Beijing
我們連立法會也不能全部直選
We also don’t get to vote entirely for our Legislative Council
事實上，我們只能直選立法會的一半議員
In fact, only half of our legislators get directly elected by us
另外一半是由所謂的功能組別選出
The other half are elected through the so-called Functional Constituencies
香港一共有28個功能組別
There are 28 different functional constituencies, representing different seats in our Legislative council
原意是為了讓香港不同的界別和工種都能對政府政策有話語權
Originally this meant to provide different professions across Hong Kong to have a say in government politics
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但這個制度本質上存在缺陷
But there’s a huge problem – this system is fundamentally flawed
最為人爭議的是，這制度容許公司和專業團體登記為選民
Most controversially, it allows companies and professional bodies to register as voters
製造了一個漏洞讓大公司同時間可持有多張選票
So this creates a loophole where big business can hold multiple votes at the same time
以飲食業為例，大公司可以登記每間分店為一個選民
Consider the catering constituency, big restaurant companies can register each of their outlets as voters
像大家樂這種大型的連鎖餐廳
So big food chain like Café De Carol
不，這不是一間法國菜餐廳，這是港式快餐店
Nope, it is not a French restaurant – it’s a fast food Chinese restaurant
這些大公司可以登記上一百張選票
Something like that can register up to a hundred votes if they like
另外，不同功能組別之間也有很大差異
Also there is a huge discrepancy between different functional constituencies
例如，在衛生服務界，有37,000個登記選民，但在保險界卻只有130個
For example, in the Health Services sector, there are 37,000 registered voters, whereas in Insurance, there are only 130 registered voters
這個差異根本不合邏輯 為甚麼有些行業會得到更廣泛的代表？
There is really no logical explanation for it – why are some industry represented more fairly while others are not
事實上，近半功能組別都是自動當選的，大部份的席位都由建制派瓜分
In fact, almost half of the functional constituencies are uncontested and most of the seats are dominated by the pro-establishment camp.
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這有甚麼實際意義？
But what is the actual significance?
當立法會議員自行提出草案和議案時，我們有所謂的分組點票
You see, when individual legislators propose bills and motions, we have a split-voting system
意思是，在草案通過之前，
…meaning that to be able to pass the bill
需要得到地區直選和功能組別兩方面均過半數支持
It requires a majority vote in both the geographical constituency – those directly elected by us – and the functional constituency
所以就算一個草案得到總共過半數的支持
So we can have a bill that is supported by the majority of the legislators
但仍會因為在功能組別方面未過半數而流產
But fails nonetheless because it did not pass the functional constituency
理論上，只要控制了功能組別的半數就可以否決任何議員草案或議案
So in effect, you only need half of the votes within the Functional Constituency to reject all bills and motions put forward by individual legislators.
但政府提出的卻不一樣，
But the same does not apply to government bills
只需要取得過半數的支持就可以了
For government bills, you only need to get a majority from all the legislators as a whole
所以有時候會有一些政府議案原本被大部分直選議員反對
So sometimes we have bills that are opposed by the majority of those legislators directly elected by us
但基於功能界別大部份贊成而通過
…but nonetheless get through because of the functional constituency
這個制度的問題在於政府和大商家會有勾結的誘因
The major problem of this is that it creates an incentive for the Government and big business players to side with each other
一方面，有功能組別的支持，政府可以否決所有由議員提出的議案
On one hand with the help of functional constituency, the Government has an effective veto over all motions in the Legislative council
另一方面，商界自己也可以否決不符合他們商業利益的議案，如最低工資和標準工時
…while on the other hand businesses can reject motions that are contrary to their interests such as minimum wage and standard working hours
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因此，行政機關在立法方面有很大的控制權
Because of this, the executive has a lot of control over our Legislative Council
他們很多時候也會做很多與市民意願相反的決定
And they often make decisions that are contrary to public opinions
由於選舉制度上的缺陷，我們也不能有效地向行政機關問責
And because of the fundamental flaws in our electoral systems, there is no way we could hold our executive accountable in any shape or form
你也必須明白 香港政府和和中國政府之間的關係
Conceptually you also have to understand the relationship between our executive and the Chinese government
你也許會認為，在一國兩制原則下，香港政府和中國政府是分開的
It’s easy to say, well the Hong Kong government is separate from the Chinese government because of the principle of one country two systems
我們可以實行自己的政策，這不是中國政府的問題，而是香港政府本身的問題
And we can implement our own policies so it’s not the fault of the Chinese government but of our own government
也許是吧，但我們的選舉制度確保香港行政長官是忠於北京的
That is partly true, but remember we have a system as such where our Chief Executive is guaranteed to be pro-Beijing
因此香港政府和中國政府密不可分
That’s why it has an incentive to side with the Chinese government
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以現任行政長官梁振英為例 他自上任以來都在替北京擦鞋
For example, our current Chief Executive, CY Leung, he has been keen to please Beijing wherever possible
他重視中國的利益多於香港的利益
There are lots of policies where he appeared to have put Mainland’s interest above Hong Kong’s interest
如2012年，政府打算推行強制國民教育
For example, in 2012, the government tried to introduce mandatory National Education classes
想加強學生的國家認同感
…so that students can strengthen their national identity about China
但這被大眾反對，因為很多人都擔心這是偏向共產黨的洗腦教育
This was met with huge public protests as many fear that it would simply be a brainwashing curriculum biased towards the Chinese Communist Party
其他情況還包括否決香港電視的牌照申請，梁振英的5,000萬元賄款醜聞等等
There are also other instances such as the rejection of HKTV, CY Leung’s $50 million corrupt scandal – etc
我們極不滿意現在的政府
Basically, we are extremely unsatisfied with our current Government
制度本身容許我們的政府恣意妄為
The system itself allows for our government to potentially be arbitrary and self-serving
而我們沒有有效的方法向政府問責
And there’s no way we could hold our government accountable in any shape or forms
這就是我們想要普選的原因：我們想選擇自己的領袖
That’s why we want universal suffrage so much – so that we can choose our own leader
當然，這不會在一夕間解決所有問題，但會是一個通往更民主和平的制度的開端。
Yes it won’t solve everything but it will be a start to a more democratic and fair system
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雨傘運動是前所未有的
The Umbrella Movement was a first of its kind
雨傘運動一開始十分和平
It started off extremely peacefully
強調非暴力、理性、愛與和平等等
With an emphasis on being non-violent, rational, love and peace and all that
但隨着時間經過，梁振英政府拒絕回應
But as it went on, the CY Leung’s government managed to remain unresponsive
過了兩個月，人們都不知道要怎麼辦
Two months into occupying the streets, people simply didn’t know what to do
而示威者和警察之間的關係則每況愈下
And the relationship between the protesters and the police got worse by days
有警察使用暴力對待示威者
There was alleged police violence
其中有七個警察將一個示威者拖到暗角施暴
Seven police officers took a protester to a dark corner and beat him up
無可避免地，雨傘運動最終演變成示威者和警察之間暴力的衝突──市民被打、被捕
Inevitably the movement turned into something more violent with protesters clashing with the police – people were beaten up and arrested.
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自雨傘運動以來，社會處於嚴重撕裂的狀態
Since the Umbrella Movement, the society has been hugely divided
市民對警察的信任度跌至新低
Police confidence has gone to an all-time low
一方面，我們發現和平的示威遊行再沒有用
On one hand, we realize peaceful protest no longer does a damn thing,
另一方面，人們正在尋找抗衡警力的方法──亦即採取更激進的行動
…while on the other hand, people are finding ways to counter police force – essentially resorting to more radical actions
這也引致部份市民在意識形態上與傳統泛民主派分道揚鑣
It also led to an ideological separation within the pro-democracy camp
香港的傳統泛民主派視建設民主中國為己任
Traditionally pro-democracy activists in Hong Kong felt it was their duty to build a democratic China
他們其實比任何人都更愛中國
If anything they are more patriotic to China than anyone
他們是對六四天安門事件最大感觸的人
They are the people who felt most strongly about stuff like Tiananmen Square
但在過去20年，香港民主沒有寸進，也看不到中國民主化的希望
But for the last 20 years, democracy has not been advanced for Hong Kong nor does it look likely for China
所以有人開始說
That’s why new advocates are saying,
建設民主中國是不切實際的
Well there’s no real possibility of so-called building a democratic China
我們要先自救
We need to start rescuing ourselves first
因此本土和香港獨立的概念開始萌芽，因為人們對一國兩制開始失去信心
So, there emerges the idea of localism and Hong Kong independence because people are simply losing faith in the so-called One Country Two Systems.
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這些社會不穩和躁動最終導致今年初在旺角發生的事件
All this social unrest has led to what happened earlier this year in Mongkok
那是農曆正月初一
It was the first day into Chinese Lunar New Year;
街上有小販在賣熟食
There were some street hawkers selling street food
這些小販雖是無牌經營，但他們一向都在農曆新年頭幾天擺賣，賺幾個快錢
They are unlicensed but that’s what they have always done in the first few days of Chinese New Year, just trying to make a few extra bucks
這就像香港的小傳統
It’s like a little local tradition in Hong Kong.
但今年警察突然執法，引發示威者與警察之間的衝突
But somehow this time the police decided to confront them – which has led to protesters confronting the police
突然間，小販擺賣演變成騷動，或暴亂，視乎你怎麼看
Suddenly it has turned into a huge unrest, or riot, depending which side you are on
街上有雜物起火，市民撿起磚和樽扔向警察
There were fire on the street, people picking up bricks and bottles throwing at the police
警察向天開了兩槍以鎮壓人群
Two shots were fired in the air for crowd control
這是香港二十年來都未見過的暴力
It was violence on a scale that has never been seen in Hong Kong for the last 20 years
的確 暴力的程度與本身的小販問題根本完全不相稱
In no way was the violence proportional to the whole street food and street hawker issue
但你必須明白背後的原因
But you have to be able to understand it in the light of the whole circumstances
那種自雨傘運動以來積累的憤怒和不滿
The sort of anger that has been accumulated since the Umbrella Movement
社會民怨達臨界點
Social unrest is now at its highest point
-\-\-
雨傘運動後，各種事情由壞變更壞，北京加重了對香港的控制
Things have gotten from bad to worse for Hong Kong since the Umbrella Movement. Beijing has tighten up control of Hong Kong
我們曾經享有的自由受到嚴峻挑戰
Our once enjoyed freedom has been put to some serious doubt
去年，五個在香港出售中國敏感話題的書籍的書商消失了
Five Hong Kong booksellers who sell sensitive stuff about the Chinese Communist Party went missing last year
他們沒有任何出境記錄，憑空消失了
There were no record of them going out of Hong Kong, and they just disappeared
有好一段時間，沒有人知道他們到哪裡去了，然後……
For a while no-one really knows where they went, and then…
好像魔法一樣，他們出現在中國的電視台，承認他們所謂的罪行
Like magic, there they are in Mainland China appearing on TV, confessing their guilt
其他事情還包括廉政公署（香港引以為傲的反貪污機構）大地震
Other stuff such as the ICAC, an anti-corruption body that we have always been proud of, has also been involved in some major shake-ups
更近期的有立法會選舉有六位候選人被取消資格
More recently, six candidates have been disqualified from running the Legislative Council election
他們被取消資格的原因是因為他們提倡香港獨立
They have been disqualified because they advocate for Hong Kong Independence
沒有法例授權行政機關以政治原因篩選候選人
There is nothing in the law that allows the administrative to screen out candidates running for the legislative council for political reason
這根本違反言論自由
That’s just simply grossly against freedom of speech
-\-\-
還記得四年前，港獨根本無人提及
And remember, four years ago, Hong Kong independence was not even an idea to start with
現在卻成長為一個熱議的社會話題，越來越多人支持香港獨立
Now it has turned into a whole serious social movement – more and more people are turning to Hong Kong independence
背後的原因？
And the reason behind that?
不久之前有一個網上比賽，讓人用六個字寫悲慘故事。有人寫：
A while back there was a post asking people to write sad stories in six words, and someone wrote this:
「一國，兩制，笑話。」
“One Country, Two Systems, Just kidding.”
這就是香港的現況
And that pretty much sums it up for Hong Kong.
主權移交時，曾經有人承諾我們會有
When Hong Kong got handed back over to China, we were guaranteed of all these things:
言論自由、新聞自由和法治
...the freedom of speech, the freedom of press and the rule of law
但這些都一直被破壞
But these things have been undermined hugely
北京的訊息很清晰：
The message from China is clear:
你想要高度自治嗎？
You want your high degree of autonomy and you want to feel special right?
可是你只能在我容許的限度裡享有自由
But you are only as free as we allow you to be
這些自由是我給你們的，我現在要取回你也不能作聲
We gave you that stuff so shut up if we want to take them back. Period.
但事實上中國沒有給予我們自由
But the truth is China didn’t give us freedom of speech\\
我們的人權都不是中國給予的
You didn’t give us any of our fundamental rights. Period.
-\-\-
我的理解？
The way I understand it?
香港獨立是被動而不是主動的
Well Hong Kong independence is reactive rather than proactive
這是對中國收緊香港的控制所走的一步
It’s a response to the Chinese government for increasingly tightening up control of Hong Kong
我們已經對一國兩制完全失去信心
We’ve completely lost faith in One Country Two systems
所以我們要求更多自主
As a counteractive response we are demanding for more autonomy
我們想要把握自己的命運
We want to be able to grasp hold of our own fate
所以這就是香港的現狀
So this is where things are right now in Hong Kong
這是一個死結
It’s in a complete deadlock
我們只能二擇其一：接受一國一制或更激進地抗爭
We either accept for one country one system or we have to fight in a more radical manner
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星期日是下屆立法會的選舉投票日，是雨傘運動以來的第一次選舉
On Sunday, it will be our next Legislative Council election – the first since the Umbrella Movement
天知道會發生甚麼事
God knows what’s going to happen
我希望你能去投票，好好考慮要投給誰
But I do urge you to vote, and to think about your vote
Because in a perfect world
你試想，在完美的世界裡
當立法會可以處理大多數事情的話，市民便不需要走上街頭暴力抗爭
…if things can get done in the Legislative Council, then people wouldn’t need to take to the street and to resort to any kind of violence
我們極需立法會抗衡行政機關的權力，而你的一票有莫大的幫助
We desperately need a balance of power right now – and your vote can contribute to that
我們需要議會內有更大的聲音──我們需要更多人去尋找不同的可能
We need more voice in our Legislative council – we need people to look for different possibility
呼。就是這樣。
Phew, so that’s it.
無論你來自香港或香港以外的地方
Whether you are from Hong Kong, or from outside of Hong Kong,
這段和上一段影片都對我以及很多香港人來說很重要。
This video and the last video is important to me, and to a lot of people in Hong Kong
霎時之間這可能難以消化
This is probably a lot to take in if you’re new to this, but don’t just take my words for it
但請繼續留意新聞，和其他人一起討論，做更多的資料搜集，這些東西都可在網上找到
Keep reading the news; keep talking to people about it; go research about this, it’s all over the internet
最後，謝謝收看
And lastly, thanks for watching.
天祐香港

Hong Kong Independence?
…all you need to know about recent Hong Kong in 15 minutes
▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄
↓↓Transcript (as requested)↓↓

我們之前提及香港與中國有截然不同的制度
So previously we talked about Hong Kong and China having vastly a different system
香港是一個仿民主社會，而中國即由中國共產黨統治
Hong Kong is a quasi-democratic society while China is dominated by the Chinese Communist Party
所以我們不希望人們混淆兩者
…so we don’t want people to get confused between the two
但故事還未講完
But the story doesn’t end here
明年是2017年，香港主權移交給中國的20週年
Next year 2017, it would be 20 years since Hong Kong’s turnover to China
你大概會以為這段時間香港和中國會越走越近
You would’ve thought that during this time, Hong Kong and China would’ve grown closer to one another
但事實卻非如此
But it has not been so.
香港人和中國人反而變得越來越有隔膜
If anything, we’ve grown to be more and more apart.
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沒錯 在過去20年
Yes it is true that during the last two decades
中國從一個發展中國家 發展成現時最大經濟體系之一
China has gone from being a developing country to what is now one of the largest, if not the largest economy in the world
人民收入增加 生活質素提升 有些中國人也躋身全球富豪榜
…which means rising income for Chinese citizens, better quality of life and China has some of the richest people in the world
香港人應該為中國人身份感到自豪吧
If anything, Hong Kong people should be a proud China man!
我還記得2008北京奧運 那個開幕典禮實在是精妙絕倫
I still remember seeing the Beijing Olympics in 2008; that opening ceremony was outrageously amazing
花了很多心機 很好看
…it was beautifully done and such a joy to watch
那是香港人少有地為國家感到自豪的一刻
It was one of those rare moments where Hong Kong people share the same sense of pride as the rest of China
不過 現實歸現實
But the Olympics is one thing, and reality is another
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事實上，自主權移交以來，香港和中國一直有許多矛盾和衝突
The truth is there have been a lot of conflicts between Hong Kong and China since the handover
香港向中國打開了大門，每天都有大量中國遊客到訪
Hong Kong has largely opened up to China where we get a huge number of Chinese tourists every day
旅客本身不應該是個問題，但我們目睹過不少中國旅客的不文明行為
並不是問題。重點在於中國遊客所製造出來的問題。
While tourism shouldn’t be a problem in itself, we have witnessed a lot of issues with these Chinese tourists
例如不懂得在迪士尼樂園排隊 和隨地小便
There had been reports of uncivilized behavior such as not knowing how to queue in Disneyland and… pissing on the street.
我必須強調 不是所有中國遊客都會這樣做 只有一部份會這樣做
And I can’t emphasize enough, not every Chinese tourists do it, it’s just some that does it
但由於香港每天都有大量的中國遊客 這成為了一個逼切的問題
…but because Hong Kong gets so many of them, that becomes a daily problem for people living in Hong Kong.
除此之外，我們可以看到名牌店和藥房的數量激增，以滿足中國遊客的需求
And it’s not just that, we see the rise in luxury shops and pharmacies in Hong Kong to tailor the need of Chinese tourists
如果你去上水（很接近中國邊境的地方）的街頭
If you go to a street in Sheung Shui, which is a place very close to the mainland border
我以前常常去的──你會看見到處都是藥房
I used to go there a lot - you see streets full of pharmacies
其實我完全不明白為何這些店舖會叫做藥房
…and I don’t even know why they are called pharmacies
因為他們主要不是售賣藥物，而是奶粉和尿片
…because mainly they don’t sell medicine, they sell baby milk formula and diapers.
事實上 大陸人不相信中國製的貨品
The thing is, mainland Chinese don’t trust their own stuff
因為在中國任何東西都有可能是假的 那裡沒有質量管制或食物安全
…because you can get fake everything in China; there’s no quality control or food safety
所以很多中國人都會來香港買日用品 如奶粉
So many Chinese come to Hong Kong to buy daily stuff and one product that has always been in high demand is baby milk formulas
香港部份地區甚至出現奶粉短缺的問題
It has got to a point where the supply became so tight that there is a shortage of milk formulas in some areas of Hong Kong
如果你住在歐洲或美國，這情況可能難以置信
If you are living in the Europe or the US, this might sound really hard to believe
嬰兒配方奶粉和尿片！但這是真的，這切切實實在香港發生
Milk formula and diapers, but it’s true, it is what’s happening in Hong Kong.
還有其他問題，例如中國孕婦來港產子等
I can go on about other stuff as well such as the number of Mainland pregnant women who come to Hong Kong
事實上，在2010年，37%新生嬰兒的父母均不是香港永久居民
In fact, in 2010, as much as 37% of all babies born in Hong Kong have neither parents being a permanent Hong Kong resident
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基於這些中港矛盾的問題 香港出現越來越嚴重的反中情緒
Basically because of all these things, this has led to an increasingly serious anti-Chinese hype in Hong Kong
很多香港人都不歡迎中國人 只想他們離開
Many local people are furious and just want them to go away
但對我來說 問題永遠出於制度
But to me, the real problem always lies in the system
我不想將整件事歸疚於中國人身上
Conceptually, I hate to put my frustration upon the Chinese people
因為要來港購物以保障自身安全並不是他們的錯
Because it’s not their fault that they have to buy things from Hong Kong to ensure that they are safe
但制度上出了甚麼問題？
But what about the system?
關於這個制度我簡述如下
There’s a lot I can say about this system, but for now I will just simplify it as follows
在制度頂端有中國共產黨，之後有香港政府和立法會中的建制派
At the top of the system we have the Chinese Communist Party, then we have the Hong Kong government and the pro-establishment camp in our Legislative council
簡單來說，這個制度一直想將香港變成中國的一個普通城市
In short, this system has been trying to turn Hong Kong into just another city of China
並且破壞一國兩制的原則
…and damaging the core principle of “One Country, Two Systems”
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很長時間以來，香港人一直在爭取民主
For a long time, Hong Kong people have been advocating for full democracy
即是普選，可以提名和投票給我們自己的領袖（行政長官）
That means universal suffrage with the right to nominate and elect our own leader, which in Hong Kong is called the Chief Executive
根據基本法，我們有普選的權利
According to the Basic Law, we have a legal right to universal suffrage.
在過去20年，中國政府曾多次承諾香港人會有普選
In the past 20 years, the Chinese government has assured Hong Kong several times that we are going to get universal suffrage
但他們一直拖延實施普選的日期
But they have been pushing back the date for it
又推托說香港人未準備好，所以2007年和2012年都沒有普選。
…and kept saying Hong Kong wasn’t ready, so we didn’t get it in 2007 and 2012
但北京承諾香港2017年可普選特首
But the Chinese has set a timeline for it, and they said Hong Kong would eventually get universal suffrage by 2017
結果，2014年8月31日，北京說
And guess what, on 31st August 2014, the Chinese said
好，你可以有你想要的普選，但我們需要增加幾個條件
Alright you are going to get your universal suffrage, but we are going to have to impose some conditions
首先，行政長官必需愛國
First the Chief Executive must be someone who is patriotic to China
第二，候選人需要先得到現有的行政長官選舉委員會的提名 (絕大部分都是親中代表)
Secondly candidates are going to be nominated by the current Election Committee, which consists (mostly) of 1200 pro-Beijing representatives
最後，無論誰勝出選舉，都要得到中國政府委任才可成為行政長官
Lastly, whoever wins the popular election must be appointed by the Chinese government
所以他們就是說，好，你們可以普選，但我們保留剔除任何人的權利
So basically they are saying, alright you can get your vote but we reserve the right to screen out anyone that we dislike
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北京公布831決定後，香港人當然很憤怒
After this was announced by the Chinese officials, we were bloody furious
所以我們展開了一連串抗議行動，要求真普選
So we began a series of protests demanding for “true universal suffrage”
我們一直以來都覺得普選就是
For years we have always thought universal suffrage means just that
一個民主及公開的選舉
The right to vote in a democratic and open election
但是中共卻憑空製造了完全相反的東西
But the CCP managed to create something that is completely contrary to that
結果，大學生開始罷課
As a result, university students like myself began boycotting classes
並參與在金鐘香港政府總部外舉行的集會
…and attended gathering outside the Hong Kong government headquarters in Admiralty to protest
這演變成持續79天的佔領金鐘、銅鑼灣和旺角的運動
This has then turned into a 79-days long widespread occupy movement in streets of Admiralty, Causeway Bay and Mongkok
期間警察使用催淚彈和胡椒噴霧來驅散我們，我們即用雨傘作盾
During this time, police has used tear gas and pepper spray to try to get rid of us and we used umbrellas as shield
解釋了為什麼這叫雨傘運動或雨傘革命
That’s why this is called the Umbrella Movement or Umbrella Revolution
我個人不喜歡稱之為革命，因為革命通常與激進的改變有關
Personally I don’t like to call it a revolution, because revolution is often associated with some sort of radical change
但對於我們來說，79天佔領街頭後，仍毫無成果
But for us, after 79-days of occupying the streets, nothing has changed.
到今天為止，一切維持原狀──沒有行政長官普選
So to this day, the status quo remains – there is no universal suffrage for our Chief Executive election
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但是為何我們這麼想要普選？
But why do we want universal suffrage so much?
你要明白，我們的制度一直都有缺陷
Well you have to understand that our governmental system has always been institutionally flawed
一般當我們提到三權分立時，有行政、立法和司法三個機關
Usually when we talk about the Separation of Powers, we have the Executive, the Legislative and the Judiciary
這三個機關本應互相制衡，沒有人能夠掌控一切的權力
They are meant to act as checks and balances of each other so no one gets too much power
因為正如英國的阿克頓男爵所言：
…because as Lord Acton famously said,
「權力導致腐敗，絕對權力導致絕對腐敗。」
“Power corrupts, and absolute power corrupts absolutely.”
我們不但行政長官是經由1200人的小圈子挑選 當中大部份為親中人士
Not only is our leader of the executive selected by a small-group of 1,200 voters – the majority of whom are pro-Beijing
我們連立法會也不能全部直選
We also don’t get to vote entirely for our Legislative Council
事實上，我們只能直選立法會的一半議員
In fact, only half of our legislators get directly elected by us
另外一半是由所謂的功能組別選出
The other half are elected through the so-called Functional Constituencies
香港一共有28個功能組別
There are 28 different functional constituencies, representing different seats in our Legislative council
原意是為了讓香港不同的界別和工種都能對政府政策有話語權
Originally this meant to provide different professions across Hong Kong to have a say in government politics
---
但這個制度本質上存在缺陷
But there’s a huge problem – this system is fundamentally flawed
最為人爭議的是，這制度容許公司和專業團體登記為選民
Most controversially, it allows companies and professional bodies to register as voters
製造了一個漏洞讓大公司同時間可持有多張選票
So this creates a loophole where big business can hold multiple votes at the same time
以飲食業為例，大公司可以登記每間分店為一個選民
Consider the catering constituency, big restaurant companies can register each of their outlets as voters
像大家樂這種大型的連鎖餐廳
So big food chain like Café De Carol
不，這不是一間法國菜餐廳，這是港式快餐店
Nope, it is not a French restaurant – it’s a fast food Chinese restaurant
這些大公司可以登記上一百張選票
Something like that can register up to a hundred votes if they like
另外，不同功能組別之間也有很大差異
Also there is a huge discrepancy between different functional constituencies
例如，在衛生服務界，有37,000個登記選民，但在保險界卻只有130個
For example, in the Health Services sector, there are 37,000 registered voters, whereas in Insurance, there are only 130 registered voters
這個差異根本不合邏輯 為甚麼有些行業會得到更廣泛的代表？
There is really no logical explanation for it – why are some industry represented more fairly while others are not
事實上，近半功能組別都是自動當選的，大部份的席位都由建制派瓜分
In fact, almost half of the functional constituencies are uncontested and most of the seats are dominated by the pro-establishment camp.
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這有甚麼實際意義？
But what is the actual significance?
當立法會議員自行提出草案和議案時，我們有所謂的分組點票
You see, when individual legislators propose bills and motions, we have a split-voting system
意思是，在草案通過之前，
…meaning that to be able to pass the bill
需要得到地區直選和功能組別兩方面均過半數支持
It requires a majority vote in both the geographical constituency – those directly elected by us – and the functional constituency
所以就算一個草案得到總共過半數的支持
So we can have a bill that is supported by the majority of the legislators
但仍會因為在功能組別方面未過半數而流產
But fails nonetheless because it did not pass the functional constituency
理論上，只要控制了功能組別的半數就可以否決任何議員草案或議案
So in effect, you only need half of the votes within the Functional Constituency to reject all bills and motions put forward by individual legislators.
但政府提出的卻不一樣，
But the same does not apply to government bills
只需要取得過半數的支持就可以了
For government bills, you only need to get a majority from all the legislators as a whole
所以有時候會有一些政府議案原本被大部分直選議員反對
So sometimes we have bills that are opposed by the majority of those legislators directly elected by us
但基於功能界別大部份贊成而通過
…but nonetheless get through because of the functional constituency
這個制度的問題在於政府和大商家會有勾結的誘因
The major problem of this is that it creates an incentive for the Government and big business players to side with each other
一方面，有功能組別的支持，政府可以否決所有由議員提出的議案
On one hand with the help of functional constituency, the Government has an effective veto over all motions in the Legislative council
另一方面，商界自己也可以否決不符合他們商業利益的議案，如最低工資和標準工時
…while on the other hand businesses can reject motions that are contrary to their interests such as minimum wage and standard working hours
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因此，行政機關在立法方面有很大的控制權
Because of this, the executive has a lot of control over our Legislative Council
他們很多時候也會做很多與市民意願相反的決定
And they often make decisions that are contrary to public opinions
由於選舉制度上的缺陷，我們也不能有效地向行政機關問責
And because of the fundamental flaws in our electoral systems, there is no way we could hold our executive accountable in any shape or form
你也必須明白 香港政府和和中國政府之間的關係
Conceptually you also have to understand the relationship between our executive and the Chinese government
你也許會認為，在一國兩制原則下，香港政府和中國政府是分開的
It’s easy to say, well the Hong Kong government is separate from the Chinese government because of the principle of one country two systems
我們可以實行自己的政策，這不是中國政府的問題，而是香港政府本身的問題
And we can implement our own policies so it’s not the fault of the Chinese government but of our own government
也許是吧，但我們的選舉制度確保香港行政長官是忠於北京的
That is partly true, but remember we have a system as such where our Chief Executive is guaranteed to be pro-Beijing
因此香港政府和中國政府密不可分
That’s why it has an incentive to side with the Chinese government
---
以現任行政長官梁振英為例 他自上任以來都在替北京擦鞋
For example, our current Chief Executive, CY Leung, he has been keen to please Beijing wherever possible
他重視中國的利益多於香港的利益
There are lots of policies where he appeared to have put Mainland’s interest above Hong Kong’s interest
如2012年，政府打算推行強制國民教育
For example, in 2012, the government tried to introduce mandatory National Education classes
想加強學生的國家認同感
…so that students can strengthen their national identity about China
但這被大眾反對，因為很多人都擔心這是偏向共產黨的洗腦教育
This was met with huge public protests as many fear that it would simply be a brainwashing curriculum biased towards the Chinese Communist Party
其他情況還包括否決香港電視的牌照申請，梁振英的5,000萬元賄款醜聞等等
There are also other instances such as the rejection of HKTV, CY Leung’s $50 million corrupt scandal – etc
我們極不滿意現在的政府
Basically, we are extremely unsatisfied with our current Government
制度本身容許我們的政府恣意妄為
The system itself allows for our government to potentially be arbitrary and self-serving
而我們沒有有效的方法向政府問責
And there’s no way we could hold our government accountable in any shape or forms
這就是我們想要普選的原因：我們想選擇自己的領袖
That’s why we want universal suffrage so much – so that we can choose our own leader
當然，這不會在一夕間解決所有問題，但會是一個通往更民主和平的制度的開端。
Yes it won’t solve everything but it will be a start to a more democratic and fair system
---
雨傘運動是前所未有的
The Umbrella Movement was a first of its kind
雨傘運動一開始十分和平
It started off extremely peacefully
強調非暴力、理性、愛與和平等等
With an emphasis on being non-violent, rational, love and peace and all that
但隨着時間經過，梁振英政府拒絕回應
But as it went on, the CY Leung’s government managed to remain unresponsive
過了兩個月，人們都不知道要怎麼辦
Two months into occupying the streets, people simply didn’t know what to do
而示威者和警察之間的關係則每況愈下
And the relationship between the protesters and the police got worse by days
有警察使用暴力對待示威者
There was alleged police violence
其中有七個警察將一個示威者拖到暗角施暴
Seven police officers took a protester to a dark corner and beat him up
無可避免地，雨傘運動最終演變成示威者和警察之間暴力的衝突──市民被打、被捕
Inevitably the movement turned into something more violent with protesters clashing with the police – people were beaten up and arrested.
---
自雨傘運動以來，社會處於嚴重撕裂的狀態
Since the Umbrella Movement, the society has been hugely divided
市民對警察的信任度跌至新低
Police confidence has gone to an all-time low
一方面，我們發現和平的示威遊行再沒有用
On one hand, we realize peaceful protest no longer does a damn thing,
另一方面，人們正在尋找抗衡警力的方法──亦即採取更激進的行動
…while on the other hand, people are finding ways to counter police force – essentially resorting to more radical actions
這也引致部份市民在意識形態上與傳統泛民主派分道揚鑣
It also led to an ideological separation within the pro-democracy camp
香港的傳統泛民主派視建設民主中國為己任
Traditionally pro-democracy activists in Hong Kong felt it was their duty to build a democratic China
他們其實比任何人都更愛中國
If anything they are more patriotic to China than anyone
他們是對六四天安門事件最大感觸的人
They are the people who felt most strongly about stuff like Tiananmen Square
但在過去20年，香港民主沒有寸進，也看不到中國民主化的希望
But for the last 20 years, democracy has not been advanced for Hong Kong nor does it look likely for China
所以有人開始說
That’s why new advocates are saying,
建設民主中國是不切實際的
Well there’s no real possibility of so-called building a democratic China
我們要先自救
We need to start rescuing ourselves first
因此本土和香港獨立的概念開始萌芽，因為人們對一國兩制開始失去信心
So, there emerges the idea of localism and Hong Kong independence because people are simply losing faith in the so-called One Country Two Systems.
---
這些社會不穩和躁動最終導致今年初在旺角發生的事件
All this social unrest has led to what happened earlier this year in Mongkok
那是農曆正月初一
It was the first day into Chinese Lunar New Year;
街上有小販在賣熟食
There were some street hawkers selling street food
這些小販雖是無牌經營，但他們一向都在農曆新年頭幾天擺賣，賺幾個快錢
They are unlicensed but that’s what they have always done in the first few days of Chinese New Year, just trying to make a few extra bucks
這就像香港的小傳統
It’s like a little local tradition in Hong Kong.
但今年警察突然執法，引發示威者與警察之間的衝突
But somehow this time the police decided to confront them – which has led to protesters confronting the police
突然間，小販擺賣演變成騷動，或暴亂，視乎你怎麼看
Suddenly it has turned into a huge unrest, or riot, depending which side you are on
街上有雜物起火，市民撿起磚和樽扔向警察
There were fire on the street, people picking up bricks and bottles throwing at the police
警察向天開了兩槍以鎮壓人群
Two shots were fired in the air for crowd control
這是香港二十年來都未見過的暴力
It was violence on a scale that has never been seen in Hong Kong for the last 20 years
的確 暴力的程度與本身的小販問題根本完全不相稱
In no way was the violence proportional to the whole street food and street hawker issue
但你必須明白背後的原因
But you have to be able to understand it in the light of the whole circumstances
那種自雨傘運動以來積累的憤怒和不滿
The sort of anger that has been accumulated since the Umbrella Movement
社會民怨達臨界點
Social unrest is now at its highest point
---
雨傘運動後，各種事情由壞變更壞，北京加重了對香港的控制
Things have gotten from bad to worse for Hong Kong since the Umbrella Movement. Beijing has tighten up control of Hong Kong
我們曾經享有的自由受到嚴峻挑戰
Our once enjoyed freedom has been put to some serious doubt
去年，五個在香港出售中國敏感話題的書籍的書商消失了
Five Hong Kong booksellers who sell sensitive stuff about the Chinese Communist Party went missing last year
他們沒有任何出境記錄，憑空消失了
There were no record of them going out of Hong Kong, and they just disappeared
有好一段時間，沒有人知道他們到哪裡去了，然後……
For a while no-one really knows where they went, and then…
好像魔法一樣，他們出現在中國的電視台，承認他們所謂的罪行
Like magic, there they are in Mainland China appearing on TV, confessing their guilt
其他事情還包括廉政公署（香港引以為傲的反貪污機構）大地震
Other stuff such as the ICAC, an anti-corruption body that we have always been proud of, has also been involved in some major shake-ups
更近期的有立法會選舉有六位候選人被取消資格
More recently, six candidates have been disqualified from running the Legislative Council election
他們被取消資格的原因是因為他們提倡香港獨立
They have been disqualified because they advocate for Hong Kong Independence
沒有法例授權行政機關以政治原因篩選候選人
There is nothing in the law that allows the administrative to screen out candidates running for the legislative council for political reason
這根本違反言論自由
That’s just simply grossly against freedom of speech
---
還記得四年前，港獨根本無人提及
And remember, four years ago, Hong Kong independence was not even an idea to start with
現在卻成長為一個熱議的社會話題，越來越多人支持香港獨立
Now it has turned into a whole serious social movement – more and more people are turning to Hong Kong independence
背後的原因？
And the reason behind that?
不久之前有一個網上比賽，讓人用六個字寫悲慘故事。有人寫：
A while back there was a post asking people to write sad stories in six words, and someone wrote this:
「一國，兩制，笑話。」
“One Country, Two Systems, Just kidding.”
這就是香港的現況
And that pretty much sums it up for Hong Kong.
主權移交時，曾經有人承諾我們會有
When Hong Kong got handed back over to China, we were guaranteed of all these things:
言論自由、新聞自由和法治
...the freedom of speech, the freedom of press and the rule of law
但這些都一直被破壞
But these things have been undermined hugely
北京的訊息很清晰：
The message from China is clear:
你想要高度自治嗎？
You want your high degree of autonomy and you want to feel special right?
可是你只能在我容許的限度裡享有自由
But you are only as free as we allow you to be
這些自由是我給你們的，我現在要取回你也不能作聲
We gave you that stuff so shut up if we want to take them back. Period.
但事實上中國沒有給予我們自由
But the truth is China didn’t give us freedom of speech\
我們的人權都不是中國給予的
You didn’t give us any of our fundamental rights. Period.
---
我的理解？
The way I understand it?
香港獨立是被動而不是主動的
Well Hong Kong independence is reactive rather than proactive
這是對中國收緊香港的控制所走的一步
It’s a response to the Chinese government for increasingly tightening up control of Hong Kong
我們已經對一國兩制完全失去信心
We’ve completely lost faith in One Country Two systems
所以我們要求更多自主
As a counteractive response we are demanding for more autonomy
我們想要把握自己的命運
We want to be able to grasp hold of our own fate
所以這就是香港的現狀
So this is where things are right now in Hong Kong
這是一個死結
It’s in a complete deadlock
我們只能二擇其一：接受一國一制或更激進地抗爭
We either accept for one country one system or we have to fight in a more radical manner
---
星期日是下屆立法會的選舉投票日，是雨傘運動以來的第一次選舉
On Sunday, it will be our next Legislative Council election – the first since the Umbrella Movement
天知道會發生甚麼事
God knows what’s going to happen
我希望你能去投票，好好考慮要投給誰
But I do urge you to vote, and to think about your vote
Because in a perfect world
你試想，在完美的世界裡
當立法會可以處理大多數事情的話，市民便不需要走上街頭暴力抗爭
…if things can get done in the Legislative Council, then people wouldn’t need to take to the street and to resort to any kind of violence
我們極需立法會抗衡行政機關的權力，而你的一票有莫大的幫助
We desperately need a balance of power right now – and your vote can contribute to that
我們需要議會內有更大的聲音──我們需要更多人去尋找不同的可能
We need more voice in our Legislative council – we need people to look for different possibility
呼。就是這樣。
Phew, so that’s it.
無論你來自香港或香港以外的地方
Whether you are from Hong Kong, or from outside of Hong Kong,
這段和上一段影片都對我以及很多香港人來說很重要。
This video and the last video is important to me, and to a lot of people in Hong Kong
霎時之間這可能難以消化
This is probably a lot to take in if you’re new to this, but don’t just take my words for it
但請繼續留意新聞，和其他人一起討論，做更多的資料搜集，這些東西都可在網上找到
Keep reading the news; keep talking to people about it; go research about this, it’s all over the internet
最後，謝謝收看
And lastly, thanks for watching.
天祐香港

《十大麻雀館點做生意? 你要知》相信是香港歷史上最詳盡關於麻雀館點做生意的影片。 

第十: 香港麻雀館的歷史

第九: 麻雀館行業現況

第八: 麻雀館如何出牌?

第七: 麻雀館內設施

第六: 麻雀館規則

第五: 麻雀館員工如何分工?

第四: 麻雀館點賺錢?

第三: 麻雀館最大成本?

第二: 麻雀館如何防範老千?

第一: 麻雀館賺幾錢?

全文內容: 

(旺角卡門電影開端) 這樣的電影已過時了! 已是30年前了。我並不是鼓勵你去賭錢，不過真的希望能夠跟你一起揭開麻雀館這個神秘面紗。我走遍港九新界七間不同的麻雀館，與不同的負責人私底下了解過他們如何運作。今天就跟你分享一下《十大麻雀館如何經營? 你要知》

第十: 香港麻雀館的歷史

麻雀館每月從中抽取利潤(俗稱抽水)超過千萬，是真的! 但成本高到你不能相信，為了留住客人，什麼都會送，成本十分驚人。一旦計錯數，隨時會蝕本。但要記住，是麻雀館，並不是麻雀會! 麻雀會只是普通「會所牌照」，不能抽水，牌照並不值錢。麻雀館就不同了，並不是有錢就能夠買得到。要了解麻雀館，先跟你講解一下相關的歷史。


麻雀館的歷史一定要先提雞記，與他的始創人：麻雀業鼻祖—林坤。1933年他於廟街經營了雞記士多專門售賣零食，當時如果沒事幹，便會於門口擺放幾張麻雀枱供街坊打麻雀耍樂，每人每日收一毫子。怎料來打麻雀的街坊越來越多，麻雀生意越來越好，便索性關閉士多業務，而其他士多又效法，法例又沒有監管，從此越來越多的麻雀館相繼誕生。

後來由於太過盛行，1955年港英政府決定立法全面禁賭，頭號目標就是要打擊全港成行成市的麻雀館，令麻雀業瀕臨滅絕的危機。

人稱雞叔的林坤，就組織了一個「港九麻雀商會」跟政府理論，指出打麻雀乃中國國粹，亦是平民百姓的消遣娛樂，有錢人可以去賽馬，但窮人又可以到哪裡消閒呢?

他認為香港人打麻雀就如外國人玩啤牌一樣， 如果要禁麻雀，不如一併禁啤牌。 再者，啤牌可以安安靜靜於家中耍樂，但麻雀噪音比較大，容易影響鄰居，因此於麻雀館內有規範的情況下會更好。經過他一連四個月的游說，終於能夠說服港英政府，於1956年刊登憲報，宣佈麻雀業合法化。並以一副麻雀牌的總數144隻作上限，發出144個牌照。 油麻地雞記亦因此而成為香港第一間持牌麻雀館。

當時港英政府為免鼓吹賭博，牌照上英文名稱是以Mahjong School (麻雀學校)， 因此輸錢會被取笑為交學費。

第九: 麻雀館行業現況

麻雀館的現況? 以前麻雀用竹製造，因此麻雀館又名竹館。麻雀館一向予人感覺是江湖人物的生意—品流複雜，烏煙瘴氣，粗口橫飛，龍蛇混雜，打架霸地盤，刀光劍影，無法無天，動不動就拉去後巷拳打腳踢，沒有監管的九反之地。加上七八十年代，很多警匪/英雄/江湖電影中，麻雀館內的暴力情節為大眾洗腦，如果你未入過麻雀館的話，以上全部都可能是一個假像。

因此，2007年起業界就團結起來，全行通過不能夠再將麻雀館外借拍江湖片，免得形象再受損。

但老實說，形象已經負面便很難改善，令很多第二/三代皆不願意接手，再加上顧客群老化，最衰落的時候是2003年沙士一役令到很多間麻雀館倒閉。新牌又難以申請，舊的相繼倒閉，現在全港就只剩下大約六十間持牌的麻雀館。

沙士後鹹魚翻生，多謝 (1) 自由行，(2)新移民，(3)很多麻雀館都放棄廣東牌， 引入深圳牌的碰槓牌玩法，亦即全沖牌，俗稱「跑馬仔」以鬥快食糊為目標， 只可碰，不可上，不再浪費時間造牌及計番，除食糊能夠收錢外，開槓亦有錢收，以及 (4)自動麻雀機的盛行，縮短時間至每局三至五分鐘就完成，立刻付款。減少出千的機會。新玩法吸引了不少年青人以及大陸客，現在可以說是從返麻雀業界的黃金歲月。

第八: 黃金歲月? 麻雀館如何出牌? 現在的牌照正式稱為「麻將/天九牌照」，由民政事務總署發出。出牌條件包括:

. 不得於中午12時至午夜12時以外的時間營業

. 18歲以下人士不得內進

. 不能向客人提供任何貸款或賒帳

. 抽佣不能多於牌照列明的上限，一般是5%

. 持牌人必須親自經營管理，不能轉讓牌照等。

以上項目都比較容易執行，以下3項條件才是最難以執行：

(1) 你需要證明申請人是合適經營麻雀館；(2) 地區有確實的需要去開設多一間麻雀館(public demand)；以及(3)充分考慮區內人士可能會提出的反對。如果我家樓下突然開了一間麻雀館，我也一定會反對。

難怪行外人想申請麻將/天九牌照根本上是不可能。即使是行內人，也起碼要申請一年至一年半。期間還要納空租，所以麻雀館若非自己的物業是相當難申請的。

還有請你留意一下，中環/上環/西環/柴灣/小西灣/赤柱/ 將軍澳/九龍灣/青衣/東涌/沙田/上水等等地方，皆沒有麻雀館。 並非因為以上各區均沒有public demand，而是政府根本不願意通過申請。

第七: 麻雀館內有什麼設施呢？一進入門口，先見一見關公。記住營業期間要持續上香，避免得失意頭而導致輸錢。除了傳統祭品之外，最緊要擺放足夠的生薑，何解呢? 因為「夠薑」(夠膽)。 我錄這一條片都可以算是夠薑了。

茶水間，全場閉路電視，當然是以防有人出千，以防員工中飽私囊。牌例介紹， 若然不明白便可以問人解釋到你明白為止。牌種吊牌則顯示每張枱的注碼，當抽水後員工會拍一拍吊牌表示已經抽水。牆上面會有水兜，兜著已抽水的細額面鈔及銀幣；而水箱則用來裝金大額面鈔。

賽馬有分草地及泥地。而打麻雀亦一樣。舊式廣東牌用的是酸枝木檯面，因是啡色，故行內稱之為「泥地」。而新式的全沖牌(深圳牌)改用的電動麻雀枱，一般是綠色絨布檯面，故行內稱之為「草地」。 由於流轉量快及抽水量多，因此絕大部分都會選擇「草地」。

第六: 麻雀館規則

不要想得太複雜，比起廣東牌簡單得多。Really?! 我是麻雀門外漢，但我去了七間麻雀館打麻雀，一入去我就會選擇最細注碼的枱，通常100/200，與另外三個陌生人打牌，並說明我是初哥，會比較慢。他們都是很友善的，還會教我打牌。如果不夠4人呢? 沒關係，他們還有「檯面」，即是穿著制服的「戥腳」，方便幫人客湊夠4人開枱。

我雖然前後支付了一千多元的學費，但其實我都有食糊的。再加上其中幾間，一進去便給我利是，足足100元，對於我這個「運吉」的客人來說也算不錯。

牌例? 打法為大陸碰槓牌（即跑馬仔），以鬥快糊牌為目標。不用造牌或計番數，只準碰牌(例如三隻九萬)，不準上牌(例如一二三萬)。開槓即收錢 (例如4隻四萬)。以100/200為例，自摸明槓每位收100，自摸暗槓每位收200，打牌給對手槓，一人輸300，如槓後自摸或再槓就三家均需付款。出沖，一人輸200。自摸食糊每位收200，自摸之後再中獎馬，每位再收多200。何謂中獎馬呢? 意指你食糊後，會有一次機會，按你的位置要抽到以下的牌就可以贏雙倍錢。所有牌例要說也說不完，但基本上沒有什麼技巧可言。行內人會形容為八成靠運氣，兩成靠技巧。

試想想，我這個初哥，去了七間，也只是輸了一千多元。如果去澳門絕對不只這個數。與澳門不同的是，你是與賭場對賭。而麻雀館則純粹抽水，誰贏錢就抽水5%，可以說是沒有風險可言。

第五: 麻雀館員工如何分工?

持牌人—即是最終負責任人，任何責任均需由他來承擔。

頭排—即係店舖總管，通常會站在舖中間，一眼關七。

巡場—負責看守自己範圍內左右兩邊的麻雀枱

檯面—即是穿著制服的戥腳。麻雀館給他們的指引，一般都是「贏少少或是打和」，避免大輸大贏，以吸引客人繼續打下去。

圍場—即是穿便服的戥腳，又稱「特約客戶commissioned player」。免得讓人客有被三個制服人員包圍的感覺，好大壓力的!

後生—即是跑腿，幫人客買零食/交電費/買餸等等

茶水—即是斟茶遞水

水袋—即是拿著錢袋到處走，負責幫人客找零錢及抽水

櫃面—負責現金收支

庶務—即是打雜

賬房—即是管數

以一間三十張枱的麻雀館為例，員工足足有六十人以上。麻雀館的工作，一般都被認為是「筍工」。每一位員工都入職數十年都不願意辭職。何解呢? 雖然上班12小時，但通常都包括膳食時間及小息時間。零售業通常上班六天才放假一天，但麻雀館則是上班兩天便放假一天。

何謂資本主義? 我現在就展現一個最完美的典範給你看。麻雀館行規，如賺錢呢? 老闆分六成，員工分四成。我重複，老闆分六成，員工分四成。基本上除底薪以外，按職級分份數多少，頭排分兩至三份，後生分半份。以二線區的麻雀館為例，每月每份花紅約七千元至萬蚊，如果旺區，如旺角，一個普通女工的月入隨時高達六至八萬。 以前就會日日結帳分紅，不過由於太麻煩了，現在已改為每個星期分紅。是否好過一般上班族要等到年底才有分紅呢？為什麼我會知? 不是我編的，而是「鷄鳴報喜」這本書有寫!

　
第四: 麻雀館如何賺錢呢? 了解完行內的術語你便會明白了。

銀頭—每日開店時做生意的現金

水份—麻雀館每日抽水生意的收入，一般都是抽贏家的5%。

上數/下數—即是指員工落場戥腳，贏錢就是上數，輸錢就是下數。行內人士稱，一般都是輸錢的， 因為一家對三家，卻只玩一會，輸錢的機會率當然比較大， 平均約10-20%。

看看這張「上下數」更紙。最頂的數字就是員工圍客編號，上半紅色字是「上數」，下半藍色字就是「下數」。

還有:

大閘—就是每日固定支出，例如人工，租金，水電等

小閘—就是每日不固定的支出，例如人客的餐飲費，利是，日用品等

哪麼麻雀館如何賺錢呢? 好簡單，你就要睇「收實」。

收實—就是水份(即是5%抽水)減去大閘、小閘(即是固定支出及雜項)、再加/減上下數、即等於每天的盈利或虧蝕。

但要緊記，老闆只收六成，其餘四成會分給員工，這樣才能夠上下一心，真是良心企業。我還未做得到!

第三: 麻雀館最大的成本是什麼? 店舖通常都是自己的物業，因此並無租金可言。員工人工? 賺錢才會分多點給他們。

要吸引新客，留住舊客，最大的成本當然是顧客服務。來到麻雀館打牌，舖內固然有免費茶水及小食，想叫跑腿幫手買零食或者叫外賣都無問題，想吃得比較好?魚翅/鮑魚/燕窩，都無問題。交水費/電費/去街市買餸兼接小朋友放學呢? No problem! 最緊要是你留低打得開心。當然大家做生意，如果你打得細，便不要要求太多了。

對於大陸豪客而言，正! 專車口岸接送，包飲、包食、包住、包shopping。聽說，人客撞壞了別人的車，麻雀館都會負責維修費。成本是否很高呢? 行內人士稱，這些貼身客戶服務的成本已佔了水份的二至五成。但如果你不是這樣做，而其他行家做，你便會流失客人。真是生意難做，這也是業界最擔心的成本失控。

第二: 麻雀館如何防範老千?

這些情節，過氣了。雖然間中都有報道，稱麻雀館有人出千。但近年真的不太多。如何防範呢?

(1) 麻雀館的麻雀牌一般比較大隻一點，較難用掩眼法。現在碰槓牌的新玩法， 簡單，快，亦都比較難出千。

(2) 一般幾個朋友入去，都要分開枱坐，免得幾個串通。四周圍都是閉路電視， 加上幾十對員工的眼睛望實哪個熟口熟面的老千出現，一見到你打牌的方法出現問題，就會馬上請你走並跟你說：「外面有人找你」，你便明白了。

最後，第一，麻雀館賺多少錢呢?

現在香港最大的麻雀集團就是瑞興麻雀，包括瑞昌、瑞豐、誠興麻雀館等。由前探長石鑑輝創立，人人都知道他身家幾百億。代表麻雀館，肯定賺到錢。新玩法、新移民、新遊客、新設備，成為麻雀館近年的四大新動力，但政府現在又難發牌， 我自己親身去了好多間麻雀館，都要排隊打牌。往往旺足12小時。現在就要跟你計數。

以一間麻雀館有三十張枱為例，每局玩三至五分鐘，即是一小時就能夠玩12局，三十張枱，12小時，全場全日就有4,320局。我明白，未必由朝旺到晚，就打個七折，即是每日3,000局。

注額平則街坊100/200，貴則旺區10000/20000，開槓馬上付款，自摸三家付，中獎馬又雙倍，就當每局平均係300/600，明槓每位300，再自摸食糊每家收600，合共2,700，抽水5%即係135。

漁港曾經是香港的代名詞，誰會想到有一天，漁港無魚，漁港之名變成一種諷刺。

面對大陸廉價魚攻港，本地養魚業逐年萎縮，以海魚來說，現時不足一千人領有海魚養殖牌照，魚類養殖區只餘26個，大部分已荒廢，真正養魚為生的人不足一成，據漁農署提供的數據資料，本地養殖的海魚只佔市場6%。

剩下繼續養魚的人，其實是在參與一場「倒錢落海」的賭博遊戲。Monique (林汶嬉)是參與這場賭局的賭徒，一個外行人，花十年光陰構建一個不可能的養魚夢。

「差不多十年前的事了。我弟弟Alex超級喜歡滑水，他常常在西貢榕樹澳一帶滑水，有天他看中了這裏的魚排，叫我一起來看看環境，後來很偶然買下了這個魚排。」Monique說。

魚排最初只是弟弟Alex的消閒地，養魚亦只為應付牌照條例所需，加上二人本身經營婚紗晚裝公司，像不丹公主、呂慧儀的婚紗造型及照片，都是由他們操刀，一雙摸盡繁華衣飾的手，與浸在鹹水裏養魚的夕陽行業扯不上邊際。


「其實香港有很好的養魚環境，但因為種種政策及現實原因，愈來愈少本地養殖的海魚。加上眼見市面上充斥着很多有食安問題的海魚，既然我們有這個魚排，有了先天條件，為何不能發展成這一門事業呢？」Monique說。

姐弟二人開始研究試養魚類，參加漁農署舉辦的養魚班，到養飼業發達的台灣取經，由構建食物鏈開始做起，先養活一些蝦仔、龍蝦、BB魚苗等，再引入工具、改良飼料等等，「我們花了很多時間在前期工夫上，像引入些先進點的技術去飼養魚，如以雙網設計、環保物料來搭建魚排，耐用安全亦環保一點；利用自動投料機，把每次魚糧的餵飼時間及數量都控制好，因為穩定對魚類來說很重要。」Monique說。

魚糧更落重本，用貴價石斑飼料（成長期）及鰻魚飼料(魚苗期)來餵飼，魚油成分及蛋白質豐富，令魚能吸收更多營養，肉質滑潤飽滿，魚味重，Monique說：「魚糧來自台灣，有認證的，會按魚不同生長環境或階段，調配不同營養成分。因為魚糧除了影響肉質，同時影響魚的健康，始終是大家吃下肚的東西，一定要嚴謹。」


一般養殖海魚多見青斑、花尾龍躉、沙巴龍躉，這些能賣得高價格的魚，但Monique他們卻主打價錢大眾化的黃鱲鯧，坊間用作製作花膠的白花魚、本地泥鯭、深海泥鯭，另外還有青龍蝦、錦繡龍蝦、軟殼龍蝦、南美白蝦等等。「都有養過些貴價或特別的魚，像台灣海鱸鰻（即花錦鱔）曾經花八年時間養殖過。始終我們想把養殖海魚普及，不是只有少數人能吃，而是以合理價錢，隨時能買能吃到。Monique說。

他們還有一點跟其他魚排養殖戶不同，生猛活魚不是放到街市售賣，而是以冷凍品形式自產自銷。「聽得最多漁民辛酸史，是被魚欄壓價，假設一條魚成本要二三十元，但魚欄卻出十數元去收貨。試想想養一條魚每天要吃多少飼料？一條一斤的魚需要養近一年，成本賺不回，還要賤賣給魚欄，所以本地很多漁民都不再做這行了。」Monique說。

雖是冷凍魚，處理方法比活魚更花工夫。他們先以「血拔」的方式，以針刺魚的神經，令其失去知覺後再劏，接着去內臟及清洗乾淨，入袋抽真空，再利用日本處理刺身的「低溫速凍」技術，立即速凍至-28℃至-40℃。這個方式能清除魚肉內的寄生蟲，還能保持肉質及鮮味，「其實大家都知，新鮮魚劏好後，在數小時內已有變化，表面看不出來，其實已非魚的最佳狀態，低溫速凍有殺菌過程，可以保障食物安全。」Monique說。

包裝袋折開後，魚仍然保持新鮮形貌，以黃鱲鯧魚為例，簡單薑葱蒸熟，入口魚肉仍然鮮香，飽滿富油脂，跟活捉的魚沒甚分別。

「因為一是不要做，要做就要做到最好。好像有一種使命感，想生產健康有良心的東西，即使成本要比別人高，但只要大家最終能受惠就足夠了。」Monique說。

花了近十年時間，由外行變內行，去年一月正式創立「仟國水產」這個品牌，並在漁農署舉辦的嘉年華市集裏首次登場。首次登場反應不俗，吸引到媽媽們及公公婆婆購買，連酒店及大型餐飲店也入貨，最近還取得WWF的可持續發展海鮮的認證。「他們異口同聲說很支持，很想購買到有保證的魚產品，得到的回應都很正面，像給我們打了強心針，有了更大的動力繼續下去。」Monique說。

仟國水產
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