感謝 莊昕悅營養師 製圖 被營養耽誤的繪畫設計師🤣🤣
只是小筆記,有些paper還沒看完,之後都會有完整版發文,單純分享,歡迎互相討論唷!
希望我指導教授看到不會問我 阿我癌症的有沒有整理🤭
#吉米健身營養 #運動營養博士Jimmy #小筆記
碳水:
1. 碳水佔比:正常飲食佔50-60%、減醣飲食20-40%、生酮飲食10%以下。
2. 碳水主要來源是全榖雜糧、水果、蔬菜與牛奶,所以生酮飲食的碳水部分幾乎只能吃蔬菜、豆魚蛋肉、油脂與堅果種子。
3. 生酮飲食目前研究,不影響運動表現,但不建議在增肌期使用。
4. 精製糖(營養標示碳水化合物下面那行「糖」),每日建議攝取量:男生50g以下、女生40g以下。
5. 60公斤的人平均肝醣在肝中約100g,在肌肉中約350g。
6. 每公斤肌肉中肝醣含量為15g (1.5%)。肌肉約等於40%體重。
7. 肝醣帶水很重,肝醣1g會帶2.7g水,總重2.7+1=3.7g。如果你60 kg,肌肉量24 kg (佔24%),肝醣量360g(1.5%),水重為972g,肌肉加帶水總重為1.3 kg。
8. 運動後建議補充簡單醣類(精製醣)1.2g/kg體重,回補肝醣。
9. 碳水可以增加胰島素,胰島素不能幫助肌肉合成,但可以預防肌肉降解。
10. 飲食中碳水比例55%,最長壽。所以低碳飲食,除非攝取植物性蛋白與脂肪為主,不然不建議長期使用。
脂肪:
1. 肉類包含蛋白質與脂肪,肉吃多不會只有蛋白質攝取高,脂肪也會攝取過多。
2. 減脂時普遍不缺脂肪,酪梨與堅果都與屬於油脂類,再健康都不需要多吃。
3. 膽固醇大部分是內生性的,跟吃海鮮蛋黃無關,蛋黃一天可以超過一顆。
4. 脂肪補充不會增加耐力型運動表現。
蛋白質:
1. 減脂期飲食蛋白質高比例(1.6g/kg體重以上),可以幫助肌肉維持。
2. 重訓後,肌肉蛋白在48小時內,肌肉合成速度都會提高,這段時間都可以補充優質蛋白質或乳清。
3. 2001年Esmarck文獻認為運動後2小時內補充蛋白質對肌力提昇及肌肥大效果比較有效。(後幾年文獻很多不認同,認為蛋白質合成時間不應該這麼狹隘)
4. 平常人每餐一次吸收的蛋白質平均上限為20g。蛋白質攝取會隨著年紀而增加,老年人平均每餐上限約為40g。
5. 但有阻力訓練維持的人,蛋白攝入40g比20g有更高的肌肉蛋白合成。
6. 較新文獻認為,年輕人單餐攝入的優質蛋白質(即乳清)平均為0.31 g / kg。
7. 40 g蛋白質可以在夜晚睡眠中維持較高的肌肉蛋白質合成速率。
8. 最優質蛋白質(擁有全面性胺基酸)來源:蛋、牛奶、乳清。
9. 每公斤體重要吃多少g蛋白質?成人1.1、老人1.2、耐力訓練1.3-1.7、阻力訓練1.6-2.2。
10. 植物性蛋白缺乏全面胺基酸,可使用兩種素食蛋白(例如穀類與豆類)搭配使用及增加使用量,一樣有增肌效果。
11. 高蛋白飲食可以有效減少肝臟脂肪堆積。
牛奶與乳製品:
1. 豆漿是豆魚蛋肉類,牛奶是乳品類,不一樣。
2. 骨質疏鬆建議負重訓練與補充蛋白質以外,要額外補充鈣1000-1200 mg、維生素D3 800 I.U.,約等於3瓶牛奶、曬太陽20 min。
3. 即使都有補充蛋白質、維生素D3 、鈣,沒有負重訓練,可能會有骨密度下降的問題。
4. 增加骨密度最好的運動,跳繩!
5. 肌少症建議負重訓練與補充蛋白質,可減少TypeII肌肉降解,預防肌少症發生。
減重:
1. 減重的過程中,脂肪減少的比例要占減少總重量70%才算有效減重。(每減重1kg,要減脂肪重0.7kg以上。)
2. 減重一定要熱量赤字,沒有熱量赤字使用任何減脂方法都是無效的。
3. 隔日斷食:一天正常飲食,隔天吃800大卡內循環。
4. 五二輕斷食:五天正常飲食,二天吃500大卡內。
5. 186斷食:一天18小時不吃東西,6小時內進食完畢。
6. 間些性斷食可以減重/減脂、改善胰島素阻抗,降血糖血壓,降低體內發炎反應。但對於改善血脂差異不大。
7. 減脂期3個月後一定要進休息期,改善代謝適應造成的減重卡關。
8. 作弊日是指休息日,類是像五二輕斷食的那五天,是正常飲食,不是暴食!
9. 休息期的介入可以保留較多的肌肉並同時減少更多的脂肪,且基礎代謝率也不會因為熱量赤字而大幅下降。
10. 充足的睡眠有更好的減脂效果。
11. 科學文獻已經證實,沒有運動後燃脂效應。
12. 女生最健康體脂為22%,17%以下有停經的可能。
13. 訓練強度愈強,後續所帶來的減脂效果愈好。有氧減脂效果沒有比較好。
14. 運動當下是燃燒肝醣不是脂肪,運動當下不會減脂。
15. 運動的減脂效應是肌肉搶走脂肪原本要拿走的碳氫能源,使的脂肪能量收入少,開始減脂。
16. 運動後馬上進食,對於整體減脂效果更好。
17. 訓前訓後的營養支持,對於運動表現沒有影響。
增肌:
1. 運動後補充碳水0.9g /kg +蛋白質0.3 g/kg體重,可以幫助肝醣回補及肌肉合成。
2. 增肌期,新手熱量多500-1000大卡,肌肉合成快。但老手建議多250大卡即可,肌肉成長慢,過多熱量容易轉為脂肪。
3. 肌肉合成需要:重訓刺激、全面性胺基酸(優質蛋白質)的補充。
4. 碳水補充不會增加肌肉合成。
運動營養:
1. 文獻中認為pre-workout中最有效的補充劑就是肌酸與丙胺酸,可以增加運動表現。
2. 水合型肌酸是目前被公認最有效形式,每天5g補充即可。填充期被證明不需要也可以慢慢到達肌酸最大存量。
3. 文獻中證實HMB,對於新手肌肉成長十分有效。
4. 運動前補充咖啡因可以提高運動表現。
5. 低肝醣對於短時間(45m)運動不影響運動表現,但長時間會。
6. 高肝醣存量可以增加耐力型運動表現。
7. 耐力型運動可以增加粒線體數目,心室容積增加,有氧產能提昇。
8. 運動後補充碳水與蛋白質比例3:1,效果最好!(量要依照每人每日熱量換算)
9. 喝水量每天被建議每公斤體重30-40c.c. 但是科學文獻證實沒有喝水量建議(因為個體差異太大,所以要適當調整)
10. 喝水不會提昇代謝率幫忙減脂。
11. 喝冰水可以降低中心溫度,增加運動表現。
12. 人體在缺水2%才會感到口渴,3%會降低運動表現。
13. 運動中建議每15分鐘要喝一次水。
14. 含有醣類、胺基酸的運動飲料跟水比,更能提昇長時間的運動表現。
1. Margolis, L.M., et al., Coingestion of Carbohydrate and Protein on Muscle Glycogen Synthesis after Exercise: A Meta-analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2020.
2. Biolo, G., et al., Insulin action on muscle protein kinetics and amino acid transport during recovery after resistance exercise. Diabetes, 1999. 48(5): p. 949-57.
3. Seidelmann, S.B., et al., Dietary carbohydrate intake and mortality: a prospective cohort study and meta-analysis. Lancet Public Health, 2018. 3(9): p. e419-e428.
4. Goedecke, J.H., et al., Metabolic adaptations to a high-fat diet in endurance cyclists. Metabolism, 1999. 48(12): p. 1509-17.
5. Garthe, I., et al., Effect of two different weight-loss rates on body composition and strength and power-related performance in elite athletes. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab, 2011. 21(2): p. 97-104.
6. Phillips, S.M., A brief review of critical processes in exercise-induced muscular hypertrophy. Sports Med, 2014. 44 Suppl 1(Suppl 1): p. S71-7.
7. Esmarck, B., et al., Timing of postexercise protein intake is important for muscle hypertrophy with resistance training in elderly humans. J Physiol, 2001. 535(Pt 1): p. 301-11.
8. Macnaughton, L.S., et al., The response of muscle protein synthesis following whole-body resistance exercise is greater following 40 g than 20 g of ingested whey protein. Physiol Rep, 2016. 4(15).
9. Moore, D.R., Maximizing Post-exercise Anabolism: The Case for Relative Protein Intakes. Front Nutr, 2019. 6: p. 147.
10. Trommelen, J. and L.J. van Loon, Pre-Sleep Protein Ingestion to Improve the Skeletal Muscle Adaptive Response to Exercise Training. Nutrients, 2016. 8(12).
11. van Vliet, S., N.A. Burd, and L.J. van Loon, The Skeletal Muscle Anabolic Response to Plant- versus Animal-Based Protein Consumption. J Nutr, 2015. 145(9): p. 1981-91.
12. Lynch, H.M., et al., No Significant Differences in Muscle Growth and Strength Development When Consuming Soy and Whey Protein Supplements Matched for Leucine Following a 12 Week Resistance Training Program in Men and Women: A Randomized Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2020. 17(11).
13. Xu, C., et al., High-protein diet more effectively reduces hepatic fat than low-protein diet despite lower autophagy and FGF21 levels. Liver Int, 2020.
14. Kemmler, W., et al., Effects of High-Intensity Resistance Training on Osteopenia and Sarcopenia Parameters in Older Men with Osteosarcopenia-One-Year Results of the Randomized Controlled Franconian Osteopenia and Sarcopenia Trial (FrOST). J Bone Miner Res, 2020. 35(9): p. 1634-1644.
15. Cienfuegos, S., et al., Effects of 4- and 6-h Time-Restricted Feeding on Weight and Cardiometabolic Health: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Adults with Obesity. Cell Metab, 2020. 32(3): p. 366-378.e3.
16. Tinsley, G.M., et al., Time-restricted feeding plus resistance training in active females: a randomized trial. Am J Clin Nutr, 2019. 110(3): p. 628-640.
17. Nedeltcheva, A.V., et al., Insufficient sleep undermines dietary efforts to reduce adiposity. Ann Intern Med, 2010. 153(7): p. 435-41.
18. Lytle, J.R., et al., Predicting Energy Expenditure of an Acute Resistance Exercise Bout in Men and Women. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2019. 51(7): p. 1532-1537.
19. Huhmann, K., Menses Requires Energy: A Review of How Disordered Eating, Excessive Exercise, and High Stress Lead to Menstrual Irregularities. Clin Ther, 2020. 42(3): p. 401-407.
20. Kuo, C.H. and M.B. Harris, Abdominal fat reducing outcome of exercise training: fat burning or hydrocarbon source redistribution? Can J Physiol Pharmacol, 2016. 94(7): p. 695-8.
21. Schoenfeld, B.J., et al., Pre- versus post-exercise protein intake has similar effects on muscular adaptations. PeerJ, 2017. 5: p. e2825.
22. Glynn, E.L., et al., Muscle protein breakdown has a minor role in the protein anabolic response to essential amino acid and carbohydrate intake following resistance exercise. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 2010. 299(2): p. R533-40.
23. Kreider, R.B., et al., International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: safety and efficacy of creatine supplementation in exercise, sport, and medicine. J Int Soc Sports Nutr, 2017. 14: p. 18.
24. Hultman, E., et al., Muscle creatine loading in men. J Appl Physiol (1985), 1996. 81(1): p. 232-7.
25. Savoie, F.A., et al., Effect of Hypohydration on Muscle Endurance, Strength, Anaerobic Power and Capacity and Vertical Jumping Ability: A Meta-Analysis. Sports Med, 2015. 45(8): p. 1207-27.
同時也有2部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過250萬的網紅Joanna Soh Official,也在其Youtube影片中提到,All Customers can get a discount off their iHerb order but for a special October offer, *New Customers can get an additional $10 off their minimum $40...
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Supplementing L-Citrulline also increases Ornithine and Arginine in the blood. This means L-Citrulline improves the ammonia recycling process and Nitric Oxide metabolism: Nitric Oxide increases blood flow, therefore oxygen and nutrient transport to working muscles!
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________________
Female's Guide to Fitness Supplements (Top 5)
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________________
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Female's Guide to Fitness Supplements (Top 5) | Joanna Soh
This video is sponsored by iHerb
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1000 mg to g 在 Nami Channel Youtube 的最佳解答
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1000 mg to g 在 How To Convert From Grams to Milligrams - g to mg - YouTube 的推薦與評價
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