跟著怡琳看世界 15
本週讓我們來了解一下最近聲名大噪的蘇伊士運河
🌸🌸🌸🌸🌸🌸🌸🌸🌸
Here's a look at the canal in numbers, using figures from the Suez Canal Authority and Reuters.
用蘇伊士運河和路透社的數字了解運河
Navigation 航行
Vessel 船
Transit 穿越
Channel 航道
Volume 數量/音量
Nautical mile 浬
1869 - The year the canal opened for navigation.
193.3 km - The total length of the canal.
12 to 16 hours - How long it takes a vessel to transit through the canal.
365 - Number of days a year the canal is open for navigation.
313m - The width of the water's surface, although the width of the navigation channel is between 200m and 210m.
Roughly 30% - Percentage of the world's shipping container volume that transits through the canal.
12% - Percentage of total global trade of all goods that passes through the canal.
3,315 nautical miles - Distance saving for a vessel travelling from Tokyo to Rotterdam via the canal rather than via the southern tip of Africa - a 23% saving.
One week - Additional journey time if some firms are forced to re-route ships caught in the delay via the southern tip of Africa.
1869 運河開放航行的年份。
193.3公里 運河總長。
12-16小時 船艇通過運河需要的時間。
365 運河一年開放通行的天數。
313公尺 運河表面寬度,雖然可以航行的航道寬度是200公尺和210公尺。
大約30% 全世界貨櫃通過運河的佔比。
12% 全世界貿易商品通過運河的佔比。
3315浬 比起繞過非洲南端,船艇從東京航行至鹿特丹通過運河所省下的時間,省了航程23%。
一週 若一些公司因為被延誤而被迫改道,航經非洲南端所需額外的時間。
資料來源: world economic forum Instagram
15 miles to km 在 新‧二七部隊 軍事雜談 Facebook 的最讚貼文
這款大家應該都很熟,原為二戰運輸機C-47原,在1960年代越戰期間,改裝成空中砲艇「AC-47」,代號「幽靈」(Spooky),綽號被稱「噴火神龍」(Puff, the Magic Dragon,出自1963年發表的美國流行歌曲〈魔法龍帕夫〉)
美軍在C-47的兩個窗開口上,以及所有左側的貨艙門上安裝3挺M134機槍(Minigun),其主要功能是為地面部隊實行近距空中支援,可以提供綿密的火網支援,有效火力覆蓋約為一個平均直徑47.5公尺的微橢圓面,由於在越南戰場上得到實戰驗證,獲得駐越美軍的尊敬與仰賴,這也是美軍首個空中砲艇的始祖
#VietnamReviited
The Douglas AC-47 Spooky (also nicknamed "Puff, the Magic Dragon") was the first in a series of gunships developed by the United States Air Force during the Vietnam War. It was designed to provide more firepower than light and medium ground-attack aircraft in certain situations when ground forces called for close air support.
In August 1964, years of fixed-wing gunship experimentation reached a new peak with Project Tailchaser under the direction of Capt. John C. Simons. This test involved the conversion of a single Convair C-131B to be capable of firing a single GAU-2/A Minigun at a downward angle out of the left side of the aircraft. Even crude grease pencil crosshairs were quickly discovered to enable a pilot flying in a pylon turn to hit a stationary area target with relative accuracy and ease. The Armament Development and Test Center tested the craft at Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, but lack of funding soon suspended the tests. In 1964, Capt. Ron W. Terry returned from temporary duty in Vietnam as part of an Air Force Systems Command team reviewing all aspects of air operations in counter-insurgency warfare, where he had noted the usefulness of C-47s and C-123s orbiting as flare ships during night attacks on fortified hamlets. He received permission to conduct a live-fire test using the C-131 and revived the side-firing gunship program.
By October, Capt. Terry's team under Project Gunship provided a C-47D, which was converted to a similar standard as the Project Tailchaser aircraft and armed with three miniguns, which were initially mounted on locally fabricated mounts—essentially strapped gun pods intended for fixed-wing aircraft (SUU-11/A) onto a mount allowing them to be fired remotely out the port side. Captain Terry and a testing team arrived at Bien Hoa Air Base, South Vietnam, on 2 December 1964, with equipment needed to modify two C-47s. The first test aircraft (43-48579, a C-47B-5-DK mail courier converted to C-47D standard by removal of its superchargers) was ready by 11 December, the second by 15 December, and both were allocated to the 1st Air Commando Squadron for combat testing. The newly dubbed "FC-47" often operated under the radio call sign "Puff". Its primary mission involved protecting villages, hamlets, and personnel from mass attacks by VC guerrilla units.
Puff's first significant success occurred on the night of 23–24 December 1964. An FC-47 arrived over the Special Forces outpost at Tranh Yend in the Mekong Delta just 37 minutes after an air support request, fired 4,500 rounds of ammunition, and broke the Viet Cong attack. The FC-47 was then called to support a second outpost at Trung Hung, about 20 miles (32 km) away. The aircraft again blunted the VC attack and forced a retreat. Between 15 and 26 December, all the FC-47's 16 combat sorties were successful. On 8 February 1965, an FC-47 flying over the Bong Son area of Vietnam’s Central Highlands demonstrated its capabilities in the process of blunting a Viet Cong offensive. For over four hours, it fired 20,500 rounds into a Viet Cong hilltop position, killing an estimated 300 Viet Cong troops.
The early gunship trials were so successful, the second aircraft was returned to the United States early in 1965 to provide crew training. In July 1965, Headquarters USAF ordered TAC to establish an AC-47 squadron. By November 1965, a total of five aircraft were operating with the 4th Air Commando Squadron, activated in August as the first operational unit, and by the end of 1965, a total of 26 had been converted. Training Detachment 8, 1st Air Commando Wing, was subsequently established at Forbes AFB, Kansas. In Operation Big Shoot, the 4th ACS in Vietnam grew to 20 AC-47s (16 aircraft plus four reserves for attrition).
The 4th ACS deployed to Tan Son Nhut Air Base, Vietnam, on 14 November 1965. Now using the call sign "Spooky", each of its three 7.62 mm miniguns could selectively fire either 50 or 100 rounds per second. It can be seen in action here. Cruising in an overhead left-hand orbit at 120 knots air speed at an altitude of 3,000 feet (910 m), the gunship could put a bullet or glowing red tracer (every fifth round) bullet into every square yard of a football field-sized target in potentially less than 10 seconds. And, as long as its 45-flare and 24,000-round basic load of ammunition held out, it could do this intermittently while loitering over the target for hours.
In May 1966, the squadron moved north to Nha Trang Air Base to join the newly activated 14th Air Commando Wing. The 3rd Air Commando Squadron was activated at Nha Trang on 5 April 1968 as a second AC-47 squadron, with both squadrons redesignated as Special Operations Squadrons on 1 August 1968. Flights of both squadrons were stationed at bases throughout South Vietnam, and one flight of the 4th SOS served at Udorn Royal Thai Air Force Base with the 432nd Tactical Reconnaissance Wing. The superb work of the two AC-47 squadrons, each with 16 AC-47s flown by aircrews younger than the aircraft they flew, was undoubtedly a key contributor to the award of the Presidential Unit Citation to the 14th Air Commando Wing in June 1968.
One of the most publicized battles of the Vietnam War was the siege of Khe Sanh in early 1968, known as "Operation Niagara". More than 24,000 tactical and 2700 B-52 strikes dropped 110,000 tons of ordnance in attacks that averaged over 300 sorties per day. During the two and a half months of combat in that tiny area, fighters were in the air day and night. At night, AC-47 gunships kept up a constant chatter of fire against enemy troops. During darkness, AC-47 gunships provided illumination against enemy troops.
The AC-47D gunship should not be confused with a small number of C-47s which were fitted with electronic equipment in the 1950s. Prior to 1962, these aircraft were designated AC-47D. When a new designation system was adopted in 1962, these became EC-47Ds. The original gunships had been designated FC-47D by the United States Air Force, but with protests from fighter pilots, this designation was changed to AC-47D during 1965. Of the 53 aircraft converted to AC-47 configuration, 41 served in Vietnam and 19 were lost to all causes, 12 in combat. Combat reports indicate that no village or hamlet under Spooky Squadron protection was ever lost, and a plethora of reports from civilians and military personnel were made about AC-47s coming to the rescue and saving their lives.
As the United States began Project Gunship II and Project Gunship III, many of the remaining AC-47Ds were transferred to the Vietnam Air Force, the Royal Lao Air Force, and to Cambodia's Khmer Air Force, after Prince Norodom Sihanouk was deposed in a coup by General Lon Nol.
A1C John L. Levitow, an AC-47 loadmaster with the 3rd SOS, received the Medal of Honor for saving his aircraft, Spooky 71, from destruction on 24 February 1969 during a fire support mission at Long Binh. The aircraft was struck by an 82-mm mortar round that inflicted 3,500 shrapnel holes, wounding Levitow 40 times, but he used his body to jettison an armed magnesium flare, which ignited shortly after Levitow ejected it from the aircraft, allowing the AC-47 to return to base. #Phoenix
15 miles to km 在 小偉 Running Coach - Wei Facebook 的最讚貼文
一起跑的感覺真的很棒!
因為知道,所以跑跑跑班,馬季一定有團練😍😍😍
https://sports.garmin.com/web/camp/663
【20 公里貓空長征】+3.2公里暖身 (English below)
上個星期天我很幸運的可以和剛歸國的「真男人」嘉哲,以及「北市大長跑隊」進行一週一次的貓空特訓。
每次跑完貓空,我都覺得受益頗多。雖然目前已經習慣單獨練跑,但是練跑的過程中有其他選手相伴,跑起來就是會有種「時間過得比平常快啊~」的錯覺,所以某種程度上,我認為團體練跑能夠減輕長跑的心理負擔。此外,跑貓空還會有張叔叔在一旁熱心的為選手遞水,這絕對是跑「國手之道」的亮點之一。
和「真男人」以及「北市大各選手」一同練跑的趣味在於,大家跑步的時候都會雙眼緊盯前方跑者的後腦勺,一聲也不吭,因此,除了路過車子的引擎聲,也只能聽到在周圍環繞的此起彼落的呼吸。這和我在(維吉尼亞)大學田徑社練跑的氛圍截然不同。同樣跑山路,我們大學田徑社練跑的時候就很會製造噪音,就算是跑間歇,也會有學弟在旁邊嬉鬧,不過,我發現就算他們外在表現的不以為然,他們內在的競爭心理卻不容小覷。我就親眼見過學弟學長跑到吐,跑到摔在地上,甚至在比賽中途幹拐子互嗆 (看到一群瘦排骨在那邊互相攻擊其實滿搞笑的)。總歸是文化上的差異吧,我也沒有特別偏好哪種氣氛,能夠一起練跑我就覺得很幸福。
最後我想說的是「貓空國手之道」的山路不算太陡,跑的時候可以維持相當的配速,山路的坡度也對肌力和心肺發展有利。另外,山上溫度通常會比市區低個兩至三度,大家若是不介意週末開車上來的話,這會是個很適合做長跑訓練的地方。
9/2 菜單:3.2公里暖身+20 公里 @ 1:15:55 (3:48/km)。最後兩公里有力氣加速,約3:30/km,狀況不錯,很期待之後可以碰到涼爽的天氣(9月中旬我又要離開台灣囉!)
感謝跑友原原 Chang-Yuan Hsieh提供影片!
Haven't been posting as much as I like, but I haven't been slacking! Enjoy this dramatic clip of runners running, sweaty shorts, and refueling-in-motion. A good workout, but still quite hot and humid...really looking forward to cooler weather (or polar-vortex-weather -- an anouncement coming soon!).
This Sunday: 2 mile warmup + 12.5 miles steady over hilly terrain (6:08/mile, closed 1.5 miles at ~5:35/mile).
As always, many thanks to 2012 London Olympian Chang Chia-che and the University of Taipei distance squad for letting me join in!