"Curry"代表白人帝國殖民主義?
上星期有個美國加州嘅食評家拍咗條片教煮其中一種印度菜,話全世界,特別係英國要"unlearn"(消滅)"curry"呢個字,因為印度根本無咖喱呢種菜色,而且唔足以代表南亞地區嘅飲食文化。老實講,佢呢個論點唔係無道理,正如我地會覺得啲外國人,特別係美國嗰啲,用"Chop Suey"(雜碎)或者"Stir Fry"乜乜物物概括咁理解中餐。因為佢條片就有差唔多四百萬個views,佢個"unlearn"就引發英美之間廣泛嘅爭論,提升到種種歧視層面。
而引爆討論嘅原因,係美國嘅歷史學者Ilyse Morgenstein Furest接受NBC電視台訪問,話印度方言之中根本無"curry"呢個字,話呢個字代表咗基督教白人至上,帝國殖民主義嘅心態,無錯喇,就係吹到咁大。
講到英國帝國殖民主義「屈」咗印度菜變晒"curry",咁個波就緊係射咗去大西洋對岸。英國嘅印度裔食評家同學者又有咩睇法呢?
Patreon原文:
"Curry"咖喱呢個字係種族歧視,應該取消?
https://bit.ly/3seLaso
#東西文化結晶品
報導:
《Sky News》Food bloggers call for word 'curry' to be cancelled over claims it is rooted in British colonialism
https://news.sky.com/story/food-bloggers-call-for-word-curry-to-be-cancelled-over-claims-it-is-rooted-in-british-colonialism-12376985
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📢乞食廣告:文字、時間與心血有價
🥣每日更新乞兒兜:
https://www.patreon.com/goodbyehkhellouk
🎁特別留意8月Patreon奧運送禮
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最近更新:
"Curry"咖喱呢個字係種族歧視,應該取消?
https://bit.ly/3seLaso
1.2%香港人口「消失」嘅報導
https://bit.ly/37DR78C
Obama六十歲生日會,點解會請漏兩個英國「名人」?
https://bit.ly/3yJpA1p
瑞士領事館尋找Wilson事件
https://bit.ly/3CFNFc0
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同時也有8部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過2萬的網紅Arianna 史愛蓮,也在其Youtube影片中提到,大家好!!! 好久不見!!我知道最近我沒有上傳新影片了(不好意思 ? ) 就是因為我一直在努力做我的期末論文和期末報告!我的話題就是台灣棒球~~ 想給大家看看我的期末報告,你們也可以看看為什麼最近我沒有時間拍新的影片!!不好意思!! 其實,我覺得我說的不太好 ? 我超緊張了!! 也忘了說一些句...
colonialism 在 Mordeth13 Facebook 的精選貼文
Jenna Cody :
Is Taiwan a real China?
No, and with the exception of a few intervening decades - here’s the part that’ll surprise you - it never has been.
This’ll blow your mind too: that it never has been doesn’t matter.
So let’s start with what doesn’t actually matter.
Until the 1600s, Taiwan was indigenous. Indigenous Taiwanese are not Chinese, they’re Austronesian. Then it was a Dutch colony (note: I do not say “it was Dutch”, I say it was a Dutch colony). Then it was taken over by Ming loyalists at the end of the Ming dynasty (the Ming loyalists were breakaways, not a part of the new Qing court. Any overlap in Ming rule and Ming loyalist conquest of Taiwan was so brief as to be inconsequential).
Only then, in the late 1600s, was it taken over by the Chinese (Qing). But here’s the thing, it was more like a colony of the Qing, treated as - to use Emma Teng’s wording in Taiwan’s Imagined Geography - a barrier or barricade keeping the ‘real’ Qing China safe. In fact, the Qing didn’t even want Taiwan at first, the emperor called it “a ball of mud beyond the pale of civilization”. Prior to that, and to a great extent at that time, there was no concept on the part of China that Taiwan was Chinese, even though Chinese immigrants began moving to Taiwan under Dutch colonial rule (mostly encouraged by the Dutch, to work as laborers). When the Spanish landed in the north of Taiwan, it was the Dutch, not the Chinese, who kicked them out.
Under Qing colonial rule - and yes, I am choosing my words carefully - China only controlled the Western half of Taiwan. They didn’t even have maps for the eastern half. That’s how uninterested in it they were. I can’t say that the Qing controlled “Taiwan”, they only had power over part of it.
Note that the Qing were Manchu, which at the time of their conquest had not been a part of China: China itself essentially became a Manchu imperial holding, and Taiwan did as well, once they were convinced it was not a “ball of mud” but actually worth taking. Taiwan was not treated the same way as the rest of “Qing China”, and was not administered as a province until (I believe) 1887. So that’s around 200 years of Taiwan being a colony of the Qing.
What happened in the late 19th century to change China’s mind? Japan. A Japanese ship was shipwrecked in eastern Taiwan in the 1870s, and the crew was killed by hostile indigenous people in what is known as the Mudan Incident. A Japanese emissary mission went to China to inquire about what could be done, only to be told that China had no control there and if they went to eastern Taiwan, they did so at their own peril. China had not intended to imply that Taiwan wasn’t theirs, but they did. Japan - and other foreign powers, as France also attempted an invasion - were showing an interest in Taiwan, so China decided to cement its claim, started mapping the entire island, and made it a province.
So, I suppose for a decade or so Taiwan was a part of China. A China that no longer exists.
It remained a province until 1895, when it was ceded to Japan after the (first) Sino-Japanese War. Before that could happen, Taiwan declared itself a Republic, although it was essentially a Qing puppet state (though the history here is interesting - correspondence at the time indicates that the leaders of this ‘Republic of Taiwan’ considered themselves Chinese, and the tiger flag hints at this as well. However, the constitution was a very republican document, not something you’d expect to see in Qing-era China.) That lasted for less than a year, when the Japanese took it by force.
This is important for two reasons - the first is that some interpretations of IR theory state that when a colonial holding is released, it should revert to the state it was in before it was taken as a colony. In this case, that would actually be The Republic of Taiwan, not Qing-era China. Secondly, it puts to rest all notions that there was no Taiwan autonomy movement prior to 1947.
In any case, it would be impossible to revert to its previous state, as the government that controlled it - the Qing empire - no longer exists. The current government of China - the PRC - has never controlled it.
After the Japanese colonial era, there is a whole web of treaties and agreements that do not satisfactorily settle the status of Taiwan. None of them actually do so - those which explicitly state that Taiwan is to be given to the Republic of China (such as the Cairo declaration) are non-binding. Those that are binding do not settle the status of Taiwan (neither the treaty of San Francisco nor the Treaty of Taipei definitively say that Taiwan is a part of China, or even which China it is - the Treaty of Taipei sets out what nationality the Taiwanese are to be considered, but that doesn’t determine territorial claims). Treaty-wise, the status of Taiwan is “undetermined”.
Under more modern interpretations, what a state needs to be a state is…lessee…a contiguous territory, a government, a military, a currency…maybe I’m forgetting something, but Taiwan has all of it. For all intents and purposes it is independent already.
In fact, in the time when all of these agreements were made, the Allied powers weren’t as sure as you might have learned about what to do with Taiwan. They weren’t a big fan of Chiang Kai-shek, didn’t want it to go Communist, and discussed an Allied trusteeship (which would have led to independence) or backing local autonomy movements (which did exist). That it became what it did - “the ROC” but not China - was an accident (as Hsiao-ting Lin lays out in Accidental State).
In fact, the KMT knew this, and at the time the foreign minister (George Yeh) stated something to the effect that they were aware they were ‘squatters’ in Taiwan.
Since then, it’s true that the ROC claims to be the rightful government of Taiwan, however, that hardly matters when considering the future of Taiwan simply because they have no choice. To divest themselves of all such claims (and, presumably, change their name) would be considered by the PRC to be a declaration of formal independence. So that they have not done so is not a sign that they wish to retain the claim, merely that they wish to avoid a war.
It’s also true that most Taiwanese are ethnically “Han” (alongside indigenous and Hakka, although Hakka are, according to many, technically Han…but I don’t think that’s relevant here). But biology is not destiny: what ethnicity someone is shouldn’t determine what government they must be ruled by.
Through all of this, the Taiwanese have evolved their own culture, identity and sense of history. They are diverse in a way unique to Taiwan, having been a part of Austronesian and later Hoklo trade routes through Southeast Asia for millenia. Now, one in five (I’ve heard one in four, actually) Taiwanese children has a foreign parent. The Taiwanese language (which is not Mandarin - that’s a KMT transplant language forced on Taiwanese) is gaining popularity as people discover their history. Visiting Taiwan and China, it is clear where the cultural differences are, not least in terms of civic engagement. This morning, a group of legislators were removed after a weekend-long pro-labor hunger strike in front of the presidential palace. They were not arrested and will not be. Right now, a group of pro-labor protesters is lying down on the tracks at Taipei Main Station to protest the new labor law amendments.
This would never be allowed in China, but Taiwanese take it as a fiercely-guarded basic right.
*
Now, as I said, none of this matters.
What matters is self-determination. If you believe in democracy, you believe that every state (and Taiwan does fit the definition of a state) that wants to be democratic - that already is democratic and wishes to remain that way - has the right to self-determination. In fact, every nation does. You cannot be pro-democracy and also believe that it is acceptable to deprive people of this right, especially if they already have it.
Taiwan is already a democracy. That means it has the right to determine its own future. Period.
Even under the ROC, Taiwan was not allowed to determine its future. The KMT just arrived from China and claimed it. The Taiwanese were never asked if they consented. What do we call it when a foreign government arrives in land they had not previously governed and declares itself the legitimate governing power of that land without the consent of the local people? We call that colonialism.
Under this definition, the ROC can also be said to be a colonial power in Taiwan. They forced Mandarin - previously not a language native to Taiwan - onto the people, taught Chinese history, geography and culture, and insisted that the Taiwanese learn they were Chinese - not Taiwanese (and certainly not Japanese). This was forced on them. It was not chosen. Some, for awhile, swallowed it. Many didn’t. The independence movement only grew, and truly blossomed after democratization - something the Taiwanese fought for and won, not something handed to them by the KMT.
So what matters is what the Taiwanese want, not what the ROC is forced to claim. I cannot stress this enough - if you do not believe Taiwan has the right to this, you do not believe in democracy.
And poll after poll shows it: Taiwanese identify more as Taiwanese than Chinese (those who identify as both primarily identify as Taiwanese, just as I identify as American and Armenian, but primarily as American. Armenian is merely my ethnicity). They overwhelmingly support not unifying with China. The vast majority who support the status quo support one that leads to eventual de jure independence, not unification. The status quo is not - and cannot be - an endgame (if only because China has declared so, but also because it is untenable). Less than 10% want unification. Only a small number (a very small minority) would countenance unification in the future…even if China were to democratize.
The issue isn’t the incompatibility of the systems - it’s that the Taiwanese fundamentally do not see themselves as Chinese.
A change in China’s system won’t change that. It’s not an ethnic nationalism - there is no ethnic argument for Taiwan (or any nation - didn’t we learn in the 20th century what ethnicity-based nation-building leads to? Nothing good). It’s not a jingoistic or xenophobic nationalism - Taiwanese know that to be dangerous. It’s a nationalism based on shared identity, culture, history and civics. The healthiest kind of nationalism there is. Taiwan exists because the Taiwanese identify with it. Period.
There are debates about how long the status quo should go on, and what we should risk to insist on formal recognition. However, the question of whether or not to be Taiwan, not China…
…well, that’s already settled.
The Taiwanese have spoken and they are not Chinese.
Whatever y’all think about that doesn’t matter. That’s what they want, and if you believe in self-determination you will respect it.
If you don’t, good luck with your authoritarian nonsense, but Taiwan wants nothing to do with it.
colonialism 在 羅展鵬 /Lo Chan Peng Facebook 的最讚貼文
The struggle to perfection – the paintings by Lo Chan Peng
Pan An-Yi, Director of Graduate Stdies, The department of the History of Art & Visual Studies, Cornell University
Historic Figures provide concrete clarification to A Brief History of Time and showcase the artist’s perspective and philosophical approaches to the history of humanity. The historical personae he has selected narrate the progress from “godliness” to the “Theory of Evolution” followed by “Anthropocentrism” and “Eurocentrism” before the expansion of Imperialism and Capitalism which then led to Colonialism and eventually the rise of “Socialism”. The “Nazism” of World War II in Europe and “Japanese Imperialism” caused the unprecedented disaster. Skrik from the Portraiture collection shows Lo’s concerns over the working class whom reiterated their mindless tasks in order to survive: “I think I now have a better understanding of this world and have realised how helpless I am in this vast universe.”
Lo tactfully chooses to paint former British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and American president Abraham Lincoln as a contrast and comparison. Churchill fought against the invasion of Nazism, even though he succeeded with the help of allies, the rise of Neo-Nazism and extreme right-wing supporters in recent years are slowly gaining advocates in Europe. The current president of the United States Donald Trump sees himself as a pioneer like Lincoln, yet his deep-rooted racism has encouraged the believers of extreme right-wing philosophy and white supremacy. Despite his defeat in the recent presidential election, the issues regarding extreme right-wing supporters in Europe and America would remain a challenging one. Both Churchill and Lincoln reflect on the bight and the good of humanity, and they are praised for their reminding us of the dark side of humanity.
Through Portraiture, Lo explores the struggles men encounter on their path to the godliness. The female sitter and plants stand for the friction between temptation and the sacred, which then lead to the nuanced relationship between “consciousness” and “the ability to define good and evil”, meaning the connection between the “mortal” and the “saintly” .
#art #artistlife #artists #oil #painting #artworks #artistsofinstagram #artfair #artgalleries #contemporaryart #sketch #lochanpeng #羅展鵬 #羅展鵬工作室 #藝術家 #繪畫 #油畫 #水墨 #藝術 #肖像 #素描 #繪畫 #畫圖 #ink #drawing
colonialism 在 Arianna 史愛蓮 Youtube 的最讚貼文
大家好!!!
好久不見!!我知道最近我沒有上傳新影片了(不好意思 ? ) 就是因為我一直在努力做我的期末論文和期末報告!我的話題就是台灣棒球~~ 想給大家看看我的期末報告,你們也可以看看為什麼最近我沒有時間拍新的影片!!不好意思!!
其實,我覺得我說的不太好 ? 我超緊張了!! 也忘了說一些句子 TT 但是還是希望大家期待聽一下!!!
我大部分談談的事情都是在新聞文章找到的資料! 你們想看一看我的論文的話,就告訴我~~ 我的老師說OK之後我在這邊會給你們一個LINK!❤️
愛你們!
史愛蓮
IG: @_ariannachuc ( https://www.instagram.com/_ariannachuc/ )
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colonialism 在 Amanda Siew Youtube 的精選貼文
HIS251 Group Assignment
Members:
Amanda Siew
Ariel Cheong
Josiah Choong
Te Shun Hui
Yeoh Sheng Kai
![post-title](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/ogs4ijYRbLY/hqdefault.jpg)
colonialism 在 serpentza Youtube 的精選貼文
China owes its most famous beer to the Germans! Tsingtao as the beer is known comes from Qingdao (same pronunciation, the spelling is different due to two different methods of writing Chinese in the English Alphabet is the beginning of my great adventure conquering the North of China, I'd like to introduce you to it and let you all know what this journey is all about, join me as my big adventure gets underway!
Although it was to be a rather short stay for the German occupiers (they would be defeated by Japanese forces after only fifteen years) they would within this short period of time leave a sizable footprint. They built a railroad, made improvements to the harbor and even opened a shipyard (Steinmetz 438). They would also continue to establish their Christian presence through the construction of churches, and were able to construct a brewery, whose first batch of beer was finished in 1904. The brewery has continued to produce beer ever since, and has brought the city national and international recognition.
⚫ Watch Conquering Southern China (my documentary) and see China like no one outside of China has ever seen it before: https://vimeo.com/ondemand/conqueringsouthernchina
⚫ Support me on Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/serpentza
Join me on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/winstoninchina
Twitter: @serpentza
Instagram: serpent_za
My other channel: https://www.youtube.com/c/advchina
Music used: Virtual Vice
Artist's bandcamp: https://virtual-vice.bandcamp.com/releases
![post-title](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/HRpb7Iua4dQ/hqdefault.jpg)
colonialism 在 Colonialism facts and information - National Geographic 的相關結果
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colonialism 在 Western colonialism | Definition, History, Examples, & Effects 的相關結果
Western colonialism, a political-economic phenomenon whereby various European nations explored, conquered, settled, and exploited large areas of the world. ... <看更多>
colonialism 在 Colonialism - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 的相關結果
Colonialism is a practice of domination, which involves the subjugation of one people to another. One of the difficulties in defining ... ... <看更多>