關於 design assets ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

支持 亞洲插畫年度大賞 理事長日前挺身而出對江孟芝的事情提出看法。

我認為一說成十，不能是藝術設計者的包裝方式。
＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
提供各項創意提案與視覺美學方案，包含英雄聯盟(League of Legends)、Nokia、M·A·C Cosmetics、美國運通(American Express)紐約總部等。作品以內斂細膩，色彩精緻繽紛的設計風格見長，悠遊在平面與數位藝術領域，並在紐約創立個人品牌「夢界設計實驗室」，持續累積新穎創新的數位設計能量。
_________________
以上都是她自己對外宣稱。

然而英雄聯盟在她有參與之前早就已經是全世界爆紅，我讀研究所的時候，一堆人在瘋玩，而後來他參與的案子，也只是負責那個專案底下的其中一個部分，並不是創意提案與視覺方案提供者。

American Express 的案子，她也只是負責一個設計的頁面，不是創意提案與視覺方案提供者。

她提到她與M·A·C Cosmetics合作的M·A·Cnificent，她說她是Design Lead，何謂Disign lead?心知肚明吧？

如果她是Design Lead又如他自己說的那麼重要... 這個專案的名單怎完全沒提到她：
Design Agency: HUSH
David Schwarz, Partner
Erik Karasyk, Partner
Jodi Terwilliger, Creative Director
Dan Rodriguez, Director of Client Engagement
Gabe Banner, Director of Production
Ryan McGrath, Director of Operations
Katie Hepp, Producer
Jessie Rauch, Art Director
Andrew Teoh, Designer
David Yates, UX Designer
Matthew Knight, Technical Lead

Jen Ascencio 也是沒有被提到名單裡面的一個參與設計者，跟江的負責性質很類似，就說得非常謙虛也實際：
http://www.jenascencio.com/macnificent-me
My role as a freelancer was to aid in creating assets from existing artwork created by the senior designers. I would like to add that this is merely an example of the work that I touched on while at MAC and I do not take credit for the concept.

Jodi Terwilliger才是當時這個專案的Design Lead，ＨＵＳＨ當時負責並提供各項創意提案與視覺美學方案的創意總監。

所有她說的案件，都是她去待的公司所接到的案件，並不是好像是那個公司裡面有她，所以才接到那些案件，這差別非常大！

一說成十的習慣竟然可以唬的公家機關一愣一愣的，尤其設計概念許多是「借鏡」和「致敬」。

美國Snickers、ＵＰＳ、NBC、Ｎew Balance因為喜歡我的創意風格所以找我合作，雇用我的創作做主視覺，我也不會說我是這些品牌創意的提案人或是爆紅原因的幕後推手。

到目前為止我的作品還是活躍於歐美，所以都還沒能有機會去了解或是接洽政府標案。

這個影片就是我當時參與的Goodyear廣告宣傳案件，到之前ＮＢＡ季後賽還在全美播放；我參與的部分是前期廣告製作的創意發想與插畫概念繪製，也就是說這個廣告是按照我們討論的方向和我提供的創意去製作的，但是我會說我是Design Lead嗎？

ＮＯ！為何？因為我老實。

因為我還得回報我的資訊給真正的Diesign Lead，況且...我知道我就是以freelance的身份參與了概念發想的性質而已，然後我也沒有被提在名單裏，所以我也不會說——我曾經是固特異的幕後推手和品牌創意的提案人。

相信他這次不要明明浮水印那麼明顯卻說自己一筆一劃、不眠不休、手快要抽筋才畫出 #麟楊配 ，就不會讓大家想到兩年前他石虎買圖卻硬要說自己畫的糟糕事，應該就不會引起這麼大的風波。

#插畫 #設計 #插畫設計 #刊物插畫 #廣告設計 #藝術設計者要的是創意十足不是話術包裝

#NFTsummer Hi founders~ My name is Natalie and I’m an analyst at AppWorks. This month, my coworker Alyssa and I will be sharing some stories about founders in AppWorks and our blockchain ecosystem. We are excited that our upcoming batch AW#23 will have resources and a community to help founders working in the NFT space so we wanted to highlight blockchain founders this month in anticipation for the next batch which kicks off in September 2021.

Why NFTs? Although they are technically an application of blockchain, we believe they are actually significant enough to deserve their own category, similar to the relationship between e-commerce and the internet. It now appears that the initial application of NFTs is leaning more towards the proof of digital art and assets ownership, but we believe that in the long-term, much more types of activities will occur through NFTs.

This month, we will explain why we’re bullish on NFTs. Alyssa will interview some of the blockchain alumni in our ecosystem and I will highlight some of the blockchain founders we’ve collaborated with. I currently design the accelerator program for the batches so we’ll also showcase some of the current batch AW#22 and what we’re anticipating for AW#23.

Join us as we take you through our blockchain community and the overall AppWorks ecosystem! We’re always looking for founders working in NFT, blockchain in general, AI, or Southeast Asia to join our community, so if that sounds like you, check out our application here >> https://bit.ly/3uEZGcr

📜 [專欄新文章] Uniswap v3 Features Explained in Depth

✍️ 田少谷 Shao

📥 歡迎投稿： https://medium.com/taipei-ethereum-meetup #徵技術分享文 #使用心得 #教學文 #medium

Once again the game-changing DEX 🦄 👑

Image source: https://uniswap.org/blog/uniswap-v3/

Outline

0. Intro1. Uniswap & AMM recap2. Ticks 3. Concentrated liquidity4. Range orders: reversible limit orders5. Impacts of v36. Conclusion

0. Intro

The announcement of Uniswap v3 is no doubt one of the most exciting news in the DeFi place recently 🔥🔥🔥

While most have talked about the impact v3 can potentially bring on the market, seldom explain the delicate implementation techniques to realize all those amazing features, such as concentrated liquidity, limit-order-like range orders, etc.

Since I’ve covered Uniswap v1 & v2 (if you happen to know Mandarin, here are v1 & v2), there’s no reason for me to not cover v3 as well ✅

Thus, this article aims to guide readers through Uniswap v3, based on their official whitepaper and examples made on the announcement page. However, one needs not to be an engineer, as not many codes are involved, nor a math major, as the math involved is definitely taught in your high school, to fully understand the following content 😊😊😊

If you really make it through but still don’t get shxt, feedbacks are welcomed! 🙏

There should be another article focusing on the codebase, so stay tuned and let’s get started with some background noise!

1. Uniswap & AMM recap

Before diving in, we have to first recap the uniqueness of Uniswap and compare it to traditional order book exchanges.

Uniswap v1 & v2 are a kind of AMMs (automated market marker) that follow the constant product equation x * y = k, with x & y stand for the amount of two tokens X and Y in a pool and k as a constant.

Comparing to order book exchanges, AMMs, such as the previous versions of Uniswap, offer quite a distinct user experience:

AMMs have pricing functions that offer the price for the two tokens, which make their users always price takers, while users of order book exchanges can be both makers or takers.

Uniswap as well as most AMMs have infinite liquidity¹, while order book exchanges don’t. The liquidity of Uniswap v1 & v2 is provided throughout the price range [0,∞]².

Uniswap as well as most AMMs have price slippage³ and it’s due to the pricing function, while there isn’t always price slippage on order book exchanges as long as an order is fulfilled within one tick.

In an order book, each price (whether in green or red) is a tick. Image source: https://ftx.com/trade/BTC-PERP

¹ though the price gets worse over time; AMM of constant sum such as mStable does not have infinite liquidity

² the range is in fact [-∞,∞], while a price in most cases won’t be negative

³ AMM of constant sum does not have price slippage

2. Tick

The whole innovation of Uniswap v3 starts from ticks.

For those unfamiliar with what is a tick:

Source: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/tick.asp

By slicing the price range [0,∞] into numerous granular ticks, trading on v3 is highly similar to trading on order book exchanges, with only three differences:

The price range of each tick is predefined by the system instead of being proposed by users.

Trades that happen within a tick still follows the pricing function of the AMM, while the equation has to be updated once the price crosses the tick.

Orders can be executed with any price within the price range, instead of being fulfilled at the same one price on order book exchanges.

With the tick design, Uniswap v3 possesses most of the merits of both AMM and an order book exchange! 💯💯💯

So, how is the price range of a tick decided?

This question is actually somewhat related to the tick explanation above: the minimum tick size for stocks trading above 1$ is one cent.

The underlying meaning of a tick size traditionally being one cent is that one cent (1% of 1$) is the basis point of price changes between ticks, ex: 1.02 — 1.01 = 0.1.

Uniswap v3 employs a similar idea: compared to the previous/next price, the price change should always be 0.01% = 1 basis point.

However, notice the difference is that in the traditional basis point, the price change is defined with subtraction, while here in Uniswap it’s division.

This is how price ranges of ticks are decided⁴:

Image source: https://uniswap.org/whitepaper-v3.pdf

With the above equation, the tick/price range can be recorded in the index form [i, i+1], instead of some crazy numbers such as 1.0001¹⁰⁰ = 1.0100496621.

As each price is the multiplication of 1.0001 of the previous price, the price change is always 1.0001 — 1 = 0.0001 = 0.01%.

For example, when i=1, p(1) = 1.0001; when i=2, p(2) = 1.00020001.

p(2) / p(1) = 1.00020001 / 1.0001 = 1.0001

See the connection between the traditional basis point 1 cent (=1% of 1$) and Uniswap v3’s basis point 0.01%?

Image source: https://tenor.com/view/coin-master-cool-gif-19748052

But sir, are prices really granular enough? There are many shitcoins with prices less than 0.000001$. Will such prices be covered as well?

Price range: max & min

To know if an extremely small price is covered or not, we have to figure out the max & min price range of v3 by looking into the spec: there is a int24 tick state variable in UniswapV3Pool.sol.

Image source: https://uniswap.org/whitepaper-v3.pdf

The reason for a signed integer int instead of an uint is that negative power represents prices less than 1 but greater than 0.

24 bits can cover the range between 1.0001 ^ (2²³ — 1) and 1.0001 ^ -(2)²³. Even Google cannot calculate such numbers, so allow me to offer smaller values to have a rough idea of the whole price range:

1.0001 ^ (2¹⁸) = 242,214,459,604.341

1.0001 ^ -(2¹⁷) = 0.000002031888943

I think it’s safe to say that with a int24 the range can cover > 99.99% of the prices of all assets in the universe 👌

⁴ For implementation concern, however, a square root is added to both sides of the equation.

How about finding out which tick does a price belong to?

Tick index from price

The answer to this question is rather easy, as we know that p(i) = 1.0001^i, simply takes a log with base 1.0001 on both sides of the equation⁴:

Image source: https://www.codecogs.com/latex/eqneditor.php

Let’s try this out, say we wanna find out the tick index of 1000000.

Image source: https://ncalculators.com/number-conversion/log-logarithm-calculator.htm

Now, 1.0001¹³⁸¹⁶² = 999,998.678087146. Voila!

⁵ This formula is also slightly modified to fit the real implementation usage.

3. Concentrated liquidity

Now that we know how ticks and price ranges are decided, let’s talk about how orders are executed in a tick, what is concentrated liquidity and how it enables v3 to compete with stablecoin-specialized DEXs (decentralized exchange), such as Curve, by improving the capital efficiency.

Concentrated liquidity means LPs (liquidity providers) can provide liquidity to any price range/tick at their wish, which causes the liquidity to be imbalanced in ticks.

As each tick has a different liquidity depth, the corresponding pricing function x * y = k also won’t be the same!

Each tick has its own liquidity depth. Image source: https://uniswap.org/blog/uniswap-v3/

Mmm… examples are always helpful for abstract descriptions 😂

Say the original pricing function is 100(x) * 1000(y) = 100000(k), with the price of X token 1000 / 100 = 10 and we’re now in the price range [9.08, 11.08].

If the liquidity of the price range [11.08, 13.08] is the same as [9.08, 11.08], we don’t have to modify the pricing function if the price goes from 10 to 11.08, which is the boundary between two ticks.

The price of X is 1052.63 / 95 = 11.08 when the equation is 1052.63 * 95 = 100000.

However, if the liquidity of the price range [11.08, 13.08] is two times that of the current range [9.08, 11.08], balances of x and y should be doubled, which makes the equation become 2105.26 * 220 = 400000, which is (1052.63 * 2) * (110 * 2) = (100000 * 2 * 2).

We can observe the following two points from the above example:

Trades always follow the pricing function x * y = k, while once the price crosses the current price range/tick, the liquidity/equation has to be updated.

√(x * y) = √k = L is how we represent the liquidity, as I say the liquidity of x * y = 400000 is two times the liquidity of x * y = 100000, as √(400000 / 100000) = 2.

What’s more, compared to liquidity on v1 & v2 is always spread across [0,∞], liquidity on v3 can be concentrated within certain price ranges and thus results in higher capital efficiency from traders’ swapping fees!

Let’s say if I provide liquidity in the range [1200, 2800], the capital efficiency will then be 4.24x higher than v2 with the range [0,∞] 😮😮😮 There’s a capital efficiency comparison calculator, make sure to try it out!

Image source: https://uniswap.org/blog/uniswap-v3/

It’s worth noticing that the concept of concentrated liquidity was proposed and already implemented by Kyper, prior to Uniswap, which is called Automated Price Reserve in their case.⁵

⁶ Thanks to Yenwen Feng for the information.

4. Range orders: reversible limit orders

As explained in the above section, LPs of v3 can provide liquidity to any price range/tick at their wish. Depending on the current price and the targeted price range, there are three scenarios:

current price < the targeted price range

current price > the targeted price range

current price belongs to the targeted price range

The first two scenarios are called range orders. They have unique characteristics and are essentially fee-earning reversible limit orders, which will be explained later.

The last case is the exact same liquidity providing mechanism as the previous versions: LPs provide liquidity in both tokens of the same value (= amount * price).

There’s also an identical product to the case: grid trading, a very powerful investment tool for a time of consolidation. Dunno what’s grid trading? Check out Binance’s explanation on this, as this topic won’t be covered!

In fact, LPs of Uniswap v1 & v2 are grid trading with a range of [0,∞] and the entry price as the baseline.

Range orders

To understand range orders, we’d have to first revisit how price is discovered on Uniswap with the equation x * y = k, for x & y stand for the amount of two tokens X and Y and k as a constant.

The price of X compared to Y is y / x, which means how many Y one can get for 1 unit of X, and vice versa the price of Y compared to X is x / y.

For the price of X to go up, y has to increase and x decrease.

With this pricing mechanism in mind, it’s example time!

Say an LP plans to place liquidity in the price range [15.625, 17.313], higher than the current price of X 10, when 100(x) * 1000(y) = 100000(k).

The price of X is 1250 / 80 = 15.625 when the equation is 80 * 1250 = 100000.

The price of X is 1315.789 / 76 = 17.313 when the equation is 76 * 1315.789 = 100000.

If now the price of X reaches 15.625, the only way for the price of X to go even higher is to further increase y and decrease x, which means exchanging a certain amount of X for Y.

Thus, to provide liquidity in the range [15.625, 17.313], an LP needs only to prepare 80 — 76 = 4 of X. If the price exceeds 17.313, all 4 X of the LP is swapped into 1315.789 — 1250 = 65.798 Y, and then the LP has nothing more to do with the pool, as his/her liquidity is drained.

What if the price stays in the range? It’s exactly what LPs would love to see, as they can earn swapping fees for all transactions in the range! Also, the balance of X will swing between [76, 80] and the balance of Y between [1250, 1315.789].

This might not be obvious, but the example above shows an interesting insight: if the liquidity of one token is provided, only when the token becomes more valuable will it be exchanged for the less valuable one.

…wut? 🤔

Remember that if 4 X is provided within [15.625, 17.313], only when the price of X goes up from 15.625 to 17.313 is 4 X gradually swapped into Y, the less valuable one!

What if the price of X drops back immediately after reaching 17.313? As X becomes less valuable, others are going to exchange Y for X.

The below image illustrates the scenario of DAI/USDC pair with a price range of [1.001, 1.002] well: the pool is always composed entirely of one token on both sides of the tick, while in the middle 1.001499⁶ is of both tokens.

Image source: https://uniswap.org/blog/uniswap-v3/

Similarly, to provide liquidity in a price range < current price, an LP has to prepare a certain amount of Y for others to exchange Y for X within the range.

To wrap up such an interesting feature, we know that:

Only one token is required for range orders.

Only when the current price is within the range of the range order can LP earn trading fees. This is the main reason why most people believe LPs of v3 have to monitor the price more actively to maximize their income, which also means that LPs of v3 have become arbitrageurs 🤯

I will be discussing more the impacts of v3 in 5. Impacts of v3.

⁷ 1.001499988 = √(1.0001 * 1.0002) is the geometric mean of 1.0001 and 1.0002. The implication is that the geometric mean of two prices is the average execution price within the range of the two prices.

Reversible limit orders

As the example in the last section demonstrates, if there is 4 X in range [15.625, 17.313], the 4 X will be completely converted into 65.798 Y when the price goes over 17.313.

We all know that a price can stay in a wide range such as [10, 11] for quite some time, while it’s unlikely so in a narrow range such as [15.625, 15.626].

Thus, if an LP provides liquidity in [15.625, 15.626], we can expect that once the price of X goes over 15.625 and immediately also 15.626, and does not drop back, all X are then forever converted into Y.

The concept of having a targeted price and the order will be executed after the price is crossed is exactly the concept of limit orders! The only difference is that if the range of a range order is not narrow enough, it’s highly possible that the conversion of tokens will be reverted once the price falls back to the range.

As price ranges follow the equation p(i) = 1.0001 ^ i, the range can be quite narrow and a range order can thus effectively serve as a limit order:

When i = 27490, 1.0001²⁷⁴⁹⁰ = 15.6248.⁸

When i = 27491, 1.0001²⁷⁴⁹¹ = 15.6264.⁸

A range of 0.0016 is not THAT narrow but can certainly satisfy most limit order use cases!

⁸ As mentioned previously in note #4, there is a square root in the equation of the price and index, thus the numbers here are for explantion only.

5. Impacts of v3

Higher capital efficiency, LPs become arbitrageurs… as v3 has made tons of radical changes, I’d like to summarize my personal takes of the impacts of v3:

Higher capital efficiency makes one of the most frequently considered indices in DeFi: TVL, total value locked, becomes less meaningful, as 1$ on Uniswap v3 might have the same effect as 100$ or even 2000$ on v2.

The ease of spot exchanging between spot exchanges used to be a huge advantage of spot markets over derivative markets. As LPs will take up the role of arbitrageurs and arbitraging is more likely to happen on v3 itself other than between DEXs, this gap is narrowed … to what extent? No idea though.

LP strategies and the aggregation of NFT of Uniswap v3 liquidity token are becoming the blue ocean for new DeFi startups: see Visor and Lixir. In fact, this might be the turning point for both DeFi and NFT: the two main reasons of blockchain going mainstream now come to the alignment of interest: solving the $$ problem 😏😏😏

In the right venue, which means a place where transaction fees are low enough, such as Optimism, we might see Algo trading firms coming in to share the market of designing LP strategies on Uniswap v3, as I believe Algo trading is way stronger than on-chain strategies or DAO voting to add liquidity that sort of thing.

After reading this article by Parsec.finance: The Dex to Rule Them All, I cannot help but wonder: maybe there is going to be centralized crypto exchanges adopting v3’s approach. The reason is that since orders of LPs in the same tick are executed pro-rata, the endless front-running speeding-competition issue in the Algo trading world, to some degree, is… solved? 🤔

Anyway, personal opinions can be biased and seriously wrong 🙈 I’m merely throwing out a sprat to catch a whale. Having a different voice? Leave your comment down below!

6. Conclusion

That was kinda tough, isn’t it? Glad you make it through here 🥂🥂🥂

There are actually many more details and also a huge section of Oracle yet to be covered. However, since this article is more about features and targeting normal DeFi users, I’ll leave those to the next one; hope there is one 😅

If you have any doubt or find any mistake, please feel free to reach out to me and I’d try to reply AFAP!

Stay tuned and in the meantime let’s wait and see how Uniswap v3 is again pioneering the innovation of DeFi 🌟

Uniswap v3 Features Explained in Depth was originally published in Taipei Ethereum Meetup on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.

👏 歡迎轉載分享鼓掌

第二場那賺 真的太爽了.....
有缺的可以用:密碼尖兵/入魔巨鷹/哈尼哈尼 之類的

遊戲王 夢幻光の英雄系列
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOZL0jQwbR1V4B8msYQHuVVd5MCytK1Lw

遊戲王 夢幻光の燒血と自閉系列
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOZL0jQwbR1VUwZgY_300SHItAijBqJNz

牌組資訊 由左到右:
熔岩 (馬利克新手牌組 / 與他決鬥隨機掉落
蜥蜴 (第4盒
參參九 (第11盒
栗子 (第1盒
骨豬 (第7盒
AD (卡片交易商
新宇俠 (十代新手牌組 / 與他決鬥隨機掉落
奇蹟接觸 (卡片交易商
宇旋 (第8盒
新宇俠融合 (英勇套牌
狡猾 (第11迷你盒

牌組連結 / Deck list link:
https://duellinks.konami.net/att/06bbc094229470d3e8bcf88dc5f915fe0360c80f79

FB粉專:
https://www.facebook.com/%E5%A4%A2%E5%B9%BB%E5%85%89o-758777787573618/

BGM:【東方ボーカル】 「Duplicity」 【Liz Triangle】“},“html5“ true,“assets“ {“css“ “_⁄yts_⁄cssbin_⁄player-vfl1eudre_⁄www-player.css
BGM2:【東方ボーカル】 「疵とマントと〇〇心」 【凋叶棕】
BGM3:【東方Vocal／Rock】 21時の探しモノ 「minimum electric design」

階級實戰系列
(大部分是主流 有強度/穩定 至少可以上傳說 乃至到王階的牌組介紹)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOZL0jQwbR1WCvaIjvgo7dlQ2-sFNxBIn

娛樂系列
(讓對手傻眼!多半是可以瞬間秒殺 或很娛樂 好玩的牌組介紹)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOZL0jQwbR1UDmqLC2jVWfaNO5ThxjYAT

應用系列
(穩定度 不及階級實戰系列 娛樂程度也不及娛樂系列 多半是介紹特殊冷門或應觀眾要求想看的牌組 但只要沒卡手 很多都比階級實戰系列還強!)
(不過有些強度勝過階級實戰)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOZL0jQwbR1XNBI1ndot8JWMY71VZkQuv

教學系列
(從新手入門的卡組組法概念/與卡包抉擇 乃至到成為高端 上王的許多技巧教學)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOZL0jQwbR1WQPW_DpgPhNK7zxnBodLFo

實況操作系列
(夢幻光本人實際開打的影片操作)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOZL0jQwbR1VHrbldr8YzmDQNw15pVRWr

上王/Max牌組系列
(每月上王的牌組 都是階級實戰系列中有的~)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOZL0jQwbR1VZj9JrWHnQb1Zi8Qs3vRuu

夢幻光 三系列 BGM精華濃縮特輯系列 (每一部都花我數十天時間才完成)
(平時玩遊戲/讀書聽音樂的首選)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOZL0jQwbR1UClsAQrMyJapCKqsklTAFc

小光的B站(bilibili)網址:
https://space.bilibili.com/389492882?from=search&seid=14663347694783262147

贊助小光o
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCP7cAD9spVq_8uAi3YEFasw/join

圖源:
https://www.pinterest.com.mx/pin/818740407227717816/

#元素英雄 #エレメンタルヒーロー #ElementalHERO