[教育時評] How to Set & Achieve Goals 如何制定目標
對大多數人而言,制定短期目標 (short-term objectives/proximal goals) 是相當輕鬆的。通常視自己現階段缺少什麼來判斷需要獲得什麼。例如缺錢買機車,就去打工賺取所需的金錢來達成目標。長期目標 (long-term goals/ distal goals) 則較難制定,因為無法及時帶來滿足 (instant gratification) 且相對抽象 (abstract)。缺乏對未來即視感,再加上個人當下的心態、興趣、環境家庭以及金錢等種種限制不斷的變動,因此很難去製定一個明確的長期目標。至於人生的目標(life purpose)的設立就更難了。通常是需要特別經歷或者不斷的摸索和自我反省(continuous exploration and self-reflection)才會有所觸動,那是時間累積或因緣契機下的感悟,並非一覺醒來就清楚的知道自己想要什麼。
老師目前40歲(雖然看起來很年輕,謝謝),來自於低收入戶單親家庭,18歲就獨立,吃住和唸書的每一分錢都是自己打工和獎學金而來。雖然我已經比許多人幸運,但仍花費不少時間才累積到足夠的學經歷、技能、人脈乃至資金去獲得扎實的人生,並且釐清自己人生的目標。每一個人的生活背景、家庭環境、學習起點以及自我要求都不同,因此在僅是就自身經驗來說明如何制定目標獲得成就,希望能有所啟發。
因為小時候家境清寒,所以當時唯一抽象的人生目標僅是想要獲取金錢取得平穩生活。年輕時其實很活在當下而沒有那份計畫未來的遠見,所有的學習計畫和工作規畫也就朝著眼前的需求而發展。我高一就開始打工,再加上擁有全額獎學金,所以18歲就獨立生活。隨著不斷的學習和工作的累積,逐漸探索出自己的能力與興趣,並在完成無數不斷變換的目標後逐漸的勾勒出一個相對清楚的人生規劃並摸索出自己的人生目標。
大約在30歲時有了清楚的人生目標後,在制定長短期目標上就更有方向。同時,透過長期的磨練,思考模式和行事都進一步的提升,更精準更有效率。雖然還有許多地方需要提升,但目前的我按照自己設定的人生的目標邁向一步一步完成自己的短期和長期目標。畢竟是靠自己摸索,因此走過許多不少冤枉路,這裡分享我的自我檢討希望給同學更明確制定目標的方向。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
以下是三個基礎目標制定的流程圖提供同學參考:
1. encounter need -> set and meet short-term goals = inefficient
當你碰到眼前的需求後才制定短期目標的確是可以解決問題,但你為完成此目標累積的技能和經驗是否可以運用在其他領域?
這種制定目標的方式很常見有無可厚非,但大多數人沒有受過指導去學習如何發掘與制定長期目標,所以只懂得著眼於當下的需求,畢竟經驗尚淺缺乏相對長遠的眼光又怎麼會知道自己真爭追求的目標?所以,除非碰巧有機會可以運用這些為了達成目標而去累積的技能和經驗在以後的人生規劃,否則著眼於當下的目標制定缺乏效率。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
2. have general long-term/distal goals -> set and meet aligned short-term objectives/proximal goals = more efficient
Example: https://wp.me/p44l9b-26t
若有明確的長期目標,則制一致性的訂短期目標會更有方向,完成短期目標所累積的技能和經驗都可以最大化的運用於完成長期目標。例如當教授是長期目標,那麼嘗試教書,到出版社工作,再投入學術界發表論文就是跟隨著長期目標所指定的明確短期目標。完成以上短期目標所累積的經驗和獲取的技能,都為當教授這一長期目標提供了有效實際的支撐。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
3. self-exploration + life experiences + fulfillment of past goals + self-reflection + inspiration -> possess life purpose
life purpose -> form and accomplish a series of aligned long-term goals -> set and meet aligned short-term objectives = most efficient
透過不斷完成人生的短期和長期目標,在不斷的探索和反省中越發了解自我。人生目標這個時候就逐漸形成。明確的人生目的帶來清晰的發展方向,就可以製定更明確的長短期目標,有效率的活出自己想要的人生。
也許有人有疑問,如果人生目標的達成需要經歷許多歷練,也要透過如此這般的多呈磨練探索才可以辨析出自己的目標,那年輕如同學這邊到底要如何在現階段設定目標?
每一個人完成這個過程的時間都不同,我們的目標也會不停的變動,甚至許多人一輩子可能都不會發覺自己的人生目標。 但我們依然可以透過一個有彈性的成長框架/心態 (a flexible growth framework/mindset) 和指導來更有效率的輔助自己建立和完成目標。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
接下來我會透過自身經歷和參考近代教育和心理學的一些理論幫同學寫的「成長心態的10個必知 / 10 Must Knows for a Growth Mindset」,來更進一步的探討如何建立和達成自己目標。請按個讚和留言「 I want to know」。我再把相關的文章寄給你,超過100個留言我就直接公佈下一篇文章。Motivate me to share!
★★★★★★★★★★★★
2020我們一起加油吧! I KNOW you can do it.
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Further readings:
Duckworth, A., & Duckworth, A. (2016). Grit: The power of passion and perseverance (Vol. 234). New York, NY: Scribner.
Dweck, C. S. (2009). Developing Talent Through a Growth Mindset. Olympic Coach, 21(1).
Dweck, C. (2015). Carol Dweck revisits the growth mindset. Education Week, 35(5), 20-24.
Judge, T. A., & Ilies, R. (2002). Relationship of personality to performance motivation: A meta-analytic review. Journal of applied psychology, 87(4), 797.
★★★★★★★★★★★★
學習的動力 Motivation to Learn: http://bit.ly/3a4G607
10 Must-Knows for a Growth Mindset 成長心態十大必知: https://bit.ly/2WBiUCi
相關影片: https://wp.me/p44l9b-26t
★★★★★★★★★★★★
教育時評: http://bit.ly/39ABON9
同時也有10000部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過2,910的網紅コバにゃんチャンネル,也在其Youtube影片中提到,...
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general journal example 在 Eric's English Lounge Facebook 的最佳解答
[教育時評] How to Set & Achieve Goals 如何制定目標
對大多數人而言,制定短期目標 (short-term objectives/proximal goals) 是相當輕鬆的。通常視自己現階段缺少什麼來判斷需要獲得什麼。例如缺錢買機車,就去打工賺取所需的金錢來達成目標。長期目標 (long-term goals/ distal goals) 則較難制定,因為無法及時帶來滿足 (instant gratification) 且相對抽象 (abstract)。缺乏對未來即視感,再加上個人當下的心態、興趣、環境家庭以及金錢等種種限制不斷的變動,因此很難去製定一個明確的長期目標。至於人生的目標(life purpose)的設立就更難了。通常是需要特別經歷或者不斷的摸索和自我反省(continuous exploration and self-reflection)才會有所觸動,那是時間累積或因緣契機下的感悟,並非一覺醒來就清楚的知道自己想要什麼。
老師目前40歲(雖然看起來很年輕,謝謝),來自於低收入戶單親家庭,18歲就獨立,吃住和唸書的每一分錢都是自己打工和獎學金而來。雖然我已經比許多人幸運,但仍花費不少時間才累積到足夠的學經歷、技能、人脈乃至資金去獲得扎實的人生,並且釐清自己人生的目標。每一個人的生活背景、家庭環境、學習起點以及自我要求都不同,因此在僅是就自身經驗來說明如何制定目標獲得成就,希望能有所啟發。
因為小時候家境清寒,所以當時唯一抽象的人生目標僅是想要獲取金錢取得平穩生活。年輕時其實很活在當下而沒有那份計畫未來的遠見,所有的學習計畫和工作規畫也就朝著眼前的需求而發展。我高一就開始打工,再加上擁有全額獎學金,所以18歲就獨立生活。隨著不斷的學習和工作的累積,逐漸探索出自己的能力與興趣,並在完成無數不斷變換的目標後逐漸的勾勒出一個相對清楚的人生規劃並摸索出自己的人生目標。
大約在30歲時有了清楚的人生目標後,在制定長短期目標上就更有方向。同時,透過長期的磨練,思考模式和行事都進一步的提升,更精準更有效率。雖然還有許多地方需要提升,但目前的我按照自己設定的人生的目標邁向一步一步完成自己的短期和長期目標。畢竟是靠自己摸索,因此走過許多不少冤枉路,這裡分享我的自我檢討希望給同學更明確制定目標的方向。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
以下是三個基礎目標制定的流程圖提供同學參考:
1. encounter need -> set and meet short-term goals = inefficient
當你碰到眼前的需求後才制定短期目標的確是可以解決問題,但你為完成此目標累積的技能和經驗是否可以運用在其他領域?
這種制定目標的方式很常見有無可厚非,但大多數人沒有受過指導去學習如何發掘與制定長期目標,所以只懂得著眼於當下的需求,畢竟經驗尚淺缺乏相對長遠的眼光又怎麼會知道自己真爭追求的目標?所以,除非碰巧有機會可以運用這些為了達成目標而去累積的技能和經驗在以後的人生規劃,否則著眼於當下的目標制定缺乏效率。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
2. have general long-term/distal goals -> set and meet aligned short-term objectives/proximal goals = more efficient
Example: https://wp.me/p44l9b-26t
若有明確的長期目標,則制一致性的訂短期目標會更有方向,完成短期目標所累積的技能和經驗都可以最大化的運用於完成長期目標。例如當教授是長期目標,那麼嘗試教書,到出版社工作,再投入學術界發表論文就是跟隨著長期目標所指定的明確短期目標。完成以上短期目標所累積的經驗和獲取的技能,都為當教授這一長期目標提供了有效實際的支撐。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
3. self-exploration + life experiences + fulfillment of past goals + self-reflection + inspiration -> possess life purpose
life purpose -> form and accomplish a series of aligned long-term goals -> set and meet aligned short-term objectives = most efficient
透過不斷完成人生的短期和長期目標,在不斷的探索和反省中越發了解自我。人生目標這個時候就逐漸形成。明確的人生目的帶來清晰的發展方向,就可以製定更明確的長短期目標,有效率的活出自己想要的人生。
也許有人有疑問,如果人生目標的達成需要經歷許多歷練,也要透過如此這般的多呈磨練探索才可以辨析出自己的目標,那年輕如同學這邊到底要如何在現階段設定目標?
每一個人完成這個過程的時間都不同,我們的目標也會不停的變動,甚至許多人一輩子可能都不會發覺自己的人生目標。 但我們依然可以透過一個有彈性的成長框架/心態 (a flexible growth framework/mindset) 和指導來更有效率的輔助自己建立和完成目標。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
接下來我會透過自身經歷和參考近代教育和心理學的一些理論幫同學寫的「成長心態的10個必知 / 10 Must Knows for a Growth Mindset」,來更進一步的探討如何建立和達成自己目標。請按個讚和留言「 I want to know」。我再把相關的文章寄給你,超過100個留言我就直接公佈下一篇文章。Motivate me to share!
★★★★★★★★★★★★
2020我們一起加油吧! I KNOW you can do it.
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Further readings:
Duckworth, A., & Duckworth, A. (2016). Grit: The power of passion and perseverance (Vol. 234). New York, NY: Scribner.
Dweck, C. S. (2009). Developing Talent Through a Growth Mindset. Olympic Coach, 21(1).
Dweck, C. (2015). Carol Dweck revisits the growth mindset. Education Week, 35(5), 20-24.
Judge, T. A., & Ilies, R. (2002). Relationship of personality to performance motivation: A meta-analytic review. Journal of applied psychology, 87(4), 797.
★★★★★★★★★★★★
學習的動力 Motivation to Learn: http://bit.ly/3a4G607
10 Must-Knows for a Growth Mindset 成長心態十大必知: https://bit.ly/2WBiUCi
相關影片: https://wp.me/p44l9b-26t
★★★★★★★★★★★★
教育時評: http://bit.ly/39ABON9
general journal example 在 堅離地城:沈旭暉國際生活台 Simon's Glos World Facebook 的最佳貼文
🇩🇰 這是一篇深度報導,來自歐洲現存最古老的報紙:丹麥Weekendavisen,題目是從香港抗爭運動、香港聯繫加泰羅尼亞的集會,前瞻全球大城市的「永久革命」。一篇報導訪問了世界各地大量學者,我也在其中,雖然只是每人一句,加在一起,卻有了很完整的圖像。
以下為英譯:
Protest! The demonstrations in Hong Kong were just the beginning. Now there are unrest in big cities from Baghdad to Barcelona. Perhaps the stage is set for something that could look like a permanent revolution in the world's big cities.
A world on the barricades
At the end of October, an hour after dark, a group of young protesters gathered at the Chater Garden Park in Hong Kong. Some of them wore large red and yellow flags. The talk began and the applause filled the warm evening air. There were slogans of independence, and demands of self-determination - from Spain. For the protest was in sympathy with the Catalan independence movement.
At the same time, a group of Catalan protesters staged a protest in front of the Chinese Consulate in Barcelona in favor of Hong Kong's hope for more democracy. The message was not to be mistaken: We are in the same boat. Or, as Joshua Wong, one of the leading members of the Hong Kong protest movement, told the Catalan news agency: "The people of Hong Kong and Catalonia both deserve the right to decide their own destiny."
For much of 2019, Hong Kong's streets have been ravaged by fierce protests and a growing desperation on both sides, with escalating violence and vandalism ensuing. But what, do observers ask, if Hong Kong is not just a Chinese crisis, but a warning of anger that is about to break out globally?
Each week brings new turmoil from an unexpected edge. In recent days, attention has focused on Chile. Here, more than 20 people have lost their lives in unrest, which has mainly been about unequal distribution of economic goods. Before then, the unrest has hit places as diverse as Lebanon and the Czech Republic, Bolivia and Algeria, Russia and Sudan.
With such a geographical spread, it is difficult to bring the protests to any sort of common denominator, but they all reflect a form of powerlessness so acute that traditional ways of speaking do not seem adequate.
Hardy Merriman, head of research at the International Center for Nonviolent Conflict in Washington, is not in doubt that it is a real wave of protest and that we have not seen the ending yet.
"I have been researching non-violent resistance for 17 years, and to me it is obvious that there are far more popular protest movements now than before. Often the protests have roots in the way political systems work. Elsewhere, it is about welfare and economic inequality or both. The two sets of factors are often related, ”he says.
Economic powerlessness
Hong Kong is a good example of this. The desire among the majority of Hong Kong's seven million residents to maintain an independent political identity vis-à-vis the People's Republic of China is well known, but the resentment of the streets is also fueled by a sense of economic powerlessness. Hong Kong is one of the most unequal communities in the world, and especially the uneven access to the real estate market is causing a stir.
According to Lee Chun-wing, a sociologist at Hong Kong Polytechnic University, the turmoil in the city is not just facing Beijing, but also expressing a daunting showdown with the neoliberal economy, which should diminish the state's role and give the market more influence, but in its real form often ends with the brutal arbitrariness of jungle law.
'The many protests show that neoliberalism is unable to instill hope in many. And as one of the world's most neoliberal cities, Hong Kong is no exception. While the protests here are, of course, primarily political, there is no doubt that social polarization and economic inequality make many young people not afraid to participate in more radical protests and do not care whether they are accused of damage economic growth, 'he says.
The turmoil is now so extensive that it can no longer be dismissed as a coincidence. Something special and significant is happening. As UN Secretary General António Guterres put it last week, it would be wrong to stare blindly at the superficial differences between the factors that get people on the streets.
“There are also common features that are recurring across the continents and should force us to reflect and respond. It is clear that there is growing distrust between the people and the political elites and growing threats to the social contract. The world is struggling with the negative consequences of globalization and the new technologies that have led to growing inequality in individual societies, "he told reporters in New York.
Triggered by trifles
In many cases, the riots have been triggered by questions that may appear almost trivial on the surface. In Chile, there was an increase in the price of the capital's subway equivalent to 30 Danish cents, while in Lebanon there were reports of a tax on certain services on the Internet. In both places, it was just the reason why the people have been able to express a far more fundamental dissatisfaction.
In a broad sense, there are two situations where a population is rebelling, says Paul Almeida, who teaches sociology at the University of California, Merced. The first is when more opportunities suddenly open up and conditions get better. People are getting hungry for more and trying to pressure their politicians to give even more concessions.
“But then there is also the mobilization that takes place when people get worse. That seems to be the overall theme of the current protests, even in Hong Kong. People are concerned about various kinds of threats they face. It may be the threat of inferior economic conditions, or it may be a more political threat of erosion of rights. But the question is why it is happening right now. That's the 10,000-kroner issue, ”says Almeida.
Almeida, who has just published the book Social Movements: The Structure of Social Mobilization, even gives a possible answer. A growing authoritarian, anti-democratic flow has spread across the continents and united rulers in all countries, and among others it is the one that has now triggered a reaction in the peoples.
“There is a tendency for more use of force by the state power. If we look at the death toll in Latin America, they are high considering that the countries are democracies. This kind of violence is not usually expected in democratic regimes in connection with protests. It is an interesting trend and may be related to the authoritarian flow that is underway worldwide. It's worth watching, 'he says.
The authoritarian wave
Politologists Anna Lürhmann and Staffan Lindberg from the University of Gothenburg describe in a paper published earlier this year a "third autocratic wave." Unlike previous waves, for example, in the years before World War II, when democracy was beaten under great external drama , the new wave is characterized by creeping. It happens little by little - in countries like Turkey, Nicaragua, Venezuela, Hungary and Russia - at such a slow pace that you barely notice it.
Even old-fashioned autocrats nowadays understand the language of democracy - the only acceptable lingua franca in politics - and so the popular reaction does not happen very often when it becomes clear at once that the electoral process itself is not sufficient to secure democratic conditions. Against this backdrop, Kenneth Chan, a politician at Hong Kong Baptist University, sees the recent worldwide wave of unrest as an expression of the legitimacy crisis of the democratic regimes.
“People have become more likely to take the initiative and take part in direct actions because they feel that they have not made the changes they had hoped for through the elections. In fact, the leaders elected by the peoples are perceived as undermining the institutional guarantees of citizens' security, freedom, welfare and rights. As a result, over the past decade, we have seen more democracies reduced to semi-democracies, hybrid regimes and authoritarian regimes, ”he says.
"Therefore, we should also not be surprised by the new wave of resistance from the people. On the surface, the spark may be a relatively innocent or inconsiderate decision by the leadership, but people's anger quickly turns to what they see as the cause of the democratic deroute, that is, an arrogant and selfish leadership, a weakened democratic control, a dysfunctional civil society. who are no longer able to speak on behalf of the people. ”The world is changing. Anthony Ince, a cardiff at Cardiff University who has researched urban urban unrest, sees the uprisings as the culmination of long-term nagging discontent and an almost revolutionary situation where new can arise.
"The wider context is that the dominant world order - the global neoliberalism that has dominated since the 1980s - is under pressure from a number of sides, creating both uncertainty and at the same time the possibility of change. People may feel that we are in a period of uncertainty, confusion, anxiety, but perhaps also hope, ”he says.
Learning from each other.
Apart from mutual assurances of solidarity the protest movements in between, there does not appear to be any kind of coordination. But it may not be necessary either. In a time of social media, learning from each other's practices is easy, says Simon Shen, a University of Hong Kong political scientist.
“They learn from each other at the tactical level. Protesters in Hong Kong have seen what happened in Ukraine through YouTube, and now protesters in Catalonia and Lebanon are taking lessons from Hong Kong. It's reminiscent of 1968, when baby boomers around the globe were inspired by an alternative ideology to break down rigid hierarchies, 'he says.
But just as the protest movements can learn from each other, the same goes for their opponents. According to Harvard political scientist Erica Chenoweth, Russia has been particularly active in trying to establish cooperation with other authoritarian regimes, which feel threatened by riots in the style of the "color revolutions" on the periphery of the old Soviet empire at the turn of the century.
"It has resulted in joint efforts between Russian, Chinese, Iranian, Venezuelan, Belarusian, Syrian and other national authorities to develop, systematize and report on techniques and practices that have proved useful in trying to contain such threats," writes Chenoweth in an article in the journal Global Responsibility to Protect.
Max Fisher and Amanda Taub, commentators at the New York Times, point to the social media as a double-edged sword. Not only are Twitter and Facebook powerful weapons in the hands of tech-savvy autocrats. They are also of questionable value to the protesting grass roots. With WhatsApp and other new technologies, it is possible to mobilize large numbers of interested and almost-interested participants in collective action. But they quickly fall apart again.
The volatile affiliation is one of the reasons why, according to a recent survey, politically motivated protests today only succeed in reaching their targets in 30 percent of cases. A generation ago, the success rate was 70 percent. Therefore, unrest often recurs every few years, and they last longer, as Hong Kong is an example of. Perhaps the scene is set for something that might resemble a permanent revolution in the world's big cities - a kind of background noise that other residents will eventually just get used to.
"Since there is still no obvious alternative to neoliberalism, the polarization that led to the protests initially will probably continue to apply," says Lee of Hong Kong Polytechnic University. "At the same time, this means that the anger and frustration will continue to rumble in society."
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