Malignant unrestrained power | Lee Yee
The Hong Kong police issued a statement the night before yesterday quoting the Guangdong Provincial Public Security Department’s response to the arrest of the 12 Hongkongers. The short communication was full of loopholes. If these 12 people are still under investigation, how can the authorities be sure that they will be approved by the procuratorate for arrest later? One of the 12 people was the skipper, is he a member of the smuggling organization? If he is indeed part of a smuggling group, why was he escaping to Taiwan? Why was there no mention of the arrest of the skipper? What happened to the speedboat? Did the 12 people buy the boat hence it was confiscated?
It has been more than a month and they still could not spin a better story. The power has become so domineering to the point where they say what they want without regard for whether it is believable or not anymore.
Chinese state media reported that, at the recent Third Central Symposium on Xinjiang Work held in Beijing, Xi Jinping emphasized the need to “uphold efforts to sinicize religion, sinicize Islam and forge the collective consciousness of a common Chinese identity.” Following Xi’s “sinicization of Tibetan Buddhism,” this is another one of his latest sinicization campaigns with requirements explicitly put forward.
Both Tibetan Buddhism and Xinjiang Islam are religions based on beliefs in God or divine inspirations, while in other parts of China, most religious believers just pray to gods and buddhas for blessings. Very few people truly believe in gods, reincarnation, or life after death. If “One China” means China under the dictatorship of the atheist Communist Party, then the “sinicization of religion” denotes a false and bogus religion. A leader who can come up with the idea of sinicization of religion under atheism is enough to show that there is nothing believable about this regime, including the woven tale for the 12 arrested Hongkongers.
In the era of ancient China’s absolute monarchy, although there was no real religious belief, ancient Chinese emperors at least paid respect to ancestors and held ceremonies to worship heaven. Dictatorship began from as early as the Qin dynasty to the Han Dynasty during which Dong Zhongshu proposed the rule to respect the emperor. However, he also proposed to restrict the emperor and respect heaven; the emperor would be called the son of heaven, meaning the heavenly father was watching over. The occurrence of a catastrophic natural disaster would be the wrath of heaven; the emperor would often issue a rescript for penitence, and reflect and review to improve governance.
The atheistic CCP not only does not believe in gods but also disbelieves in heaven. Mao Zedong claimed to be a “monk holding an umbrella,” meaning that he was above the law and above heaven. He also said, “Battling with heaven is endless joy.” Therefore, under the guidance of the idea of “Humans will triumph over the sky,” the Great Leap Forward brought about a situation of “endless suffering” for the Chinese people.
However, the CCP regime before Mao the second at least would not, on the one hand, claim to believe in Marxism-Leninism, and on the other hand, bludgeon itself with such absurd theories as the “sinicization of religion.” Perhaps Mao 2.0 now possesses absolute power such that no one dares to tell the truth, resulting in comments of all illogical nonsense.
Recently, the Chinese education department was so preposterous that it blatantly falsified the Bible. The story of Jesus and the Adulteress from the New Testament was cited in textbooks but the ending of the story was distorted. In the original passage of the Bible, Jesus said to the adulteress, “I, too, do not condemn you; Go and sin no more!” The Chinese textbook, however, presents the story as: “When the crowd disappeared, Jesus stoned the sinner to death saying, ‘I too am a sinner. But if the law could only be executed by men without blemish, the law would be dead.’” Forcing words to justify the Chinese leaders into the mouth of Jesus.
Of course, anyone who enforces the law in any society will not be a flawless person, but in a normal society, at least the law enforcers know that they are either guilty, or that regardless of religion or even non-religion, they believe that “there is a deity watching over them.” In addition to believing that “a deity is watching,” law enforcers are also restrictive in their power by the separation of powers with mutual checks and balances, as well as the supervision of the Fourth Estate. Nearly 300 years ago, the French Enlightenment thinker Montesquieu said, “Every man invested with power is apt to abuse it, and to carry his authority as far as it will go. Power is naturally expansive and has a tendency to turn malignant. As long as there are insufficient restraint and supervision, any power will give rise to corruption. To prevent this abuse, it is necessary from the very nature of things that power should be a check to power.”
The power we face and its extension in Hong Kong may be the most extreme power in human history. It has no restraints nor any checks and balances, and without the constraints of “heaven” from the dark ages of ancient China and the Western Middle Ages. Its “expansion and malignancy” can exceed all human imagination. Therefore, normal people can only completely and absolutely distrust this absolute power.
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[英文學習] 到底該如何閱讀英文?
Extensive, intensive, or narrow reading? What is skimming and scanning?
英語學習者經常被要求在課堂上以多種方式閱讀。有些學習者被要求開口朗誦,讀出每個單詞。有些學習者則默念於心以理解文本。但默讀時,學習者該略讀其要義還是掃讀關鍵細節?抑或專注於語言功能還是練習閱讀策略?
English learners are often asked to read in diverse ways in the classroom. Some are asked to read orally and sound out each word. Others are told to read silently for comprehension. However, when reading silently, should learners skim for essential meanings or scan for key details? Or should they focus on linguistic features and practice reading strategies?
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Oral Reading
在找到一種閱讀方法之前,讓我們來檢視一下不同的閱讀類型。朗誦需要老師或學生大聲地朗讀,並幫助學生掌握聲韻,幫助他們改進語調、腔調、重音與節奏。默讀則包含精讀、泛讀以及窄式閱讀。
Before we can address these questions and find a suitable reading approach, let’s examine what the different reading types are.
Oral reading involves the teacher or students reading aloud and helps students to develop prosody, improving their intonation, tone, stress, and rhythm. Silent reading consists of intensive, extensive, and narrow reading, amongst others.
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Intensive Reading
精讀需要學習者在特定的學習目標與任務中進行精細的閱讀。這通常是課堂上的要求,學生須專注在文法及標示語等細節。同時學生還須辨別關鍵詞彙,並在老師的指導下仔細且反覆地閱讀文本。其目的在於建立語言知識以及對字面意涵、言外之意與修辭關係的理解。閱讀材料通常是少於500字的文本,因為較長的文本可能導致閱讀時難以關注到所有細節。
Intensive reading refers to reading in detail with specific learning aims and tasks. It is typically classroom-based, and students focus on features such as grammar and discourse markers. Students also identify key vocabulary, and text is read carefully and repeatedly with instructor input. The aim is to build language knowledge and understanding of literal meaning, implications, and rhetorical relationships. The materials used are usually shorter texts of 500 words or less at a time because it might be too difficult to focus on so many details with longer texts.
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Narrow Reading
窄式閱讀可被視為一種特殊的精讀,它是基於「可理解輸入」此一概念,意即學生閱讀略高於自身語言能力的材料。如此一來,在老師的協助下,學生得以輕鬆地專注於新的語言特徵。在練習窄式閱讀時,教師通常會找同一作者或同一主題的文章。因此,關鍵詞彙與文法結構會重複出現,學生便有更多機會在稍異的文本中看到這些特徵。這是一種非常成功的方法,因為它可以增進學生對文本的理解。
Narrow reading can be classified as a specific type of intensive reading. It is based on the concept of comprehensible input, in which students read materials slightly above their current linguistic abilities. In this way, students can easily focus on new language features with the aid of their teacher. When practicing narrow reading, teachers can find texts by the same author or the same topic. Thus, key vocabulary and grammatical structures repeat themselves, and students get many opportunities to see these features in slightly different contexts. It is a highly successful method because the comprehension of the text is enhanced due to learner familiarity with the author and subject matter.
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Extensive Reading, Scanning & Skimming
另一方面,泛讀需要學習者閱讀較長的文章,甚至閱讀整本小說以自娛並發展一般的閱讀技巧。泛讀經常是課外活動,因為老師可能會覺得這無法有效利用課堂時間,或者老師不希望課堂上太過安靜。
泛讀可能需要兩項技能:掃讀與略讀。我們可以掃讀關鍵細節或略讀要義。略讀與掃讀可使讀者大致掌握文本涵意。這並非意味著您在精讀時就不能略讀或掃讀,只是精讀通常專注在學習並理解語言特徵。當代的教育政策格外強調泛讀,因為我們期許學習者可以自主學習,並在課外進行閱讀。就其核心理念而言,泛讀鼓勵語言學習者讀其所愛!
On the other hand, extensive reading involves learners reading longer texts and even complete novels for enjoyment, and it aids learners in developing general reading skills. Extensive reading is usually done outside the classroom because teachers might feel it is not an effective use of class time, or are just uncomfortable with the extended silence.
Scanning and skimming are two skills commonly used in extensive reading. Readers can scan for key details or skim for essential meaning. Reading quickly with skimming and scanning can give readers a global or general understanding of the materials. This does not mean students cannot skim or scan when reading intensively, but typically, intensive reading focuses on learning and understanding linguistic features. Extensive reading is stressed in contemporary education policies, as learners are expected to be autonomous and read outside of class. At its core, extensive reading encourages language learners to read what they like!
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How should you read?
既然您已大致瞭解這幾種閱讀方式,您決定好要使用哪一種了嗎?答案是——您需要視情況而定!若您想進行泛讀,可閱讀更多有趣的新聞。若想精讀,您可以分析段落並與老師以及同學們回答問題。若想使用窄式閱讀,您可以找同一作者的同一主題文章,並專注在語言特徵。有些人甚至想以朗誦的方式來加強韻律或是重複閱讀來增加流暢度。
Now that you have a glimpse of different reading approaches, have you decided which you will use? The "answer" is that you need each for a different situation! You can practice extensive reading when reading for pleasure, or intensive reading when analyzing paragraphs with your teachers and peers. As for narrow reading, you can find articles by the same author on the same topic and focus on language features. Some might even want to practice oral reading to improve prosody or repeated reading to increase fluency.
訓練有素的老師可以傳授您各種不同的閱讀方法與策略,如此您便可自行練習。但即便您知道該怎麼做,您是否有足夠的決心與毅力?您該如何選擇閱讀材料並且積累閱讀策略呢?
A trained teacher can provide you with approaches and strategies for each situation so you can practice them on your own. However, even when you know how to read, do you have the determination and perseverance to read or do so much? How do you select the right materials, and how do you acquire reading strategies?
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Narrow Reading Course
如果您需要這些閱讀技巧與學習方法,也想練習窄式閱讀,那麼王梓沅老師的英文課程可以幫助到您。王梓沅老師將窄式閱讀拓展為窄式學習法,在不同的媒體上關注同一作者的同一主題資料。他的課程還使用「成長心態」與「恆毅力」學習法,傳授學習者如何開始並持之以恆,而後成為自己成功路上的最佳導師!
If you need these reading and learning strategies and want to practice narrow reading, Alexander Wang’s course is the one for you. Alex expands the narrow reading approach into narrow learning, focusing on effective language learning by using materials from the same author, the same theme, but different media. His class also guides students in developing a growth mindset with an emphasis on grit, teaching learners how they can start and sustain their learning.
The class aims to help learners become their own teachers on their English learning journey!
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Check out his class here:
限時折扣,最後倒數 >>> https://bit.ly/34DG64O
推薦該課程的所有收益將捐獻給慈善機構。在收到資金並完成捐贈後,我將會發表一個公告。
All proceeds from the referral of the class will be donated to charity. I will make an announcement when the funds are received and donated.
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References
Gardner, D. (2008). Vocabulary recycling in children's authentic reading materials: A corpus-based investigation of narrow reading. Reading in a Foreign Language, 20(1), 92-122.
Krashen, S. (2004). The case for narrow reading. Language Magazine 3(5):17-19.
MacLeod, M. (2013). Types of Reading. Retrieved April 14, 2020.
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睇留言。
//..車長點會唔知咩事? 先唔講每個車廂平時攞黎睇下你有無飲食個兩部閉仔,西鐵車長每次閂門都會行出月台望 直到車箱門閂左 佢駕駛室度門先會閂 所以每次撘車都會聽到兩次閂門聲
仲有 車站月台無老閉,站長唔知乜事簡直係笑話
呢段錄音所有野都好似平行時空咁
咁樣既對話咪啫係叫市民自己搞掂算?
港鐵對乘客既Duty of care 呢?價就識加!..//
有關 7 月 21 日(星期日)於元朗站的暴力事件,以及一羣車務人員的抗議訊息
Summary on the violent acts in Yuen Long Station on 21/Jul (Sun) and the joint petition by operating staff
於 2245 時,西鐵綫元朗站職員發現車站大堂有人展示標語,在表達訴求期出現爭執,繼而有乘客遇襲,因此即時通知車務控制中心召喚 香港警察 Hong Kong Police 到場
期間,車站消防警報系統曾被人啟動,亦有在場人士同時自行致電 999 求助;奈何警方良久未有到場,只有消防處救護員抵達治理傷者
由於車務人員當時已無法確保乘客安全,更有車站職員被人打傷,故此車務控制中心迅速安排元朗站關閉,並開出空車接載於站內的乘客離開現場
而當時月台 1 - 往屯門已有一列如常接載乘客、並非特別安排的班車,但車門因人羣的衝突而失靈,車上多人按動緊急通話器,令車廂的牽引系統鎖死,未能成功載客開出,而要先停止服務
雖然車務控制中心於 2319 時開始,重新安排所有列車於元朗站上落乘客,讓乘客繼續乘搭列車離開打鬥現場
及至 2350 時,緊急服務人員需要於車站內作蒐證,並治理傷者,因此元朗站再次需要關閉,控制中心亦有即時再安排列車接走受影響的乘客
港鐵公司行政總裁金澤培博士強烈譴責在鐵路範圍發生的暴力事件,並將全力配合執法機關的調查。同時代表港鐵公司,向受傷的乘客致以深切慰問
乘客若於 7 月 21 日(星期日)晚在西鐵綫元朗站範圍內不幸受傷,可於下列途徑查詢:
郵遞至 香港郵政總局信箱9916號 📨
傳真至 2795 9991 📠
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At 2245 hours, staff who were on duty at Yuen Long Station on the West Rail Line have noticed that when some members of the public were displaying banners in the station concourse, there were quarrels and assaults breaking out simultaneously and passengers were injured. Hong Kong Police was immediately requested to attend the scene by the Operations Control Centre
During the course, the station fire alert had also been activated, with various reports made separately to the 999 hotline by other members of the public at the scene. Paramedics of the Fire Services Department arrived promptly to provide assistance to those who were injured; however, the police was nowhere to be seen for a prolonged period
Because the operating staff could no longer ensure the safety of passengers and also due to the fact that some station staff had been physically assaulted, the Operations Control Centre quickly arranged Yuen Long Station was to be closed straightaway while dispatching an empty train to pick up those passengers who were still at the station
At the time, there was a normal, timetabled service 08 standing at Platform 1 - to Tuen Mun. However, the doors being blocked then failed during the incident and the multiple Passenger Alarm Devices being operated had caused a traction system lock-up on this train, meaning this service had to be withdrawn
Although the Operations Control Centre had instructed all services to resume calling at Yuen Long Station from 2319 hours in order to enable passengers to leave the violent scene
The emergency services had to investigate the incident inside the station and to assist those who were injured. As a result, Yuen Long Station had to be closed again after 2350 hours, while the Operations Control Centre continued to arrange train services to pick up the affected passengers
Dr Jacob Kam, the Chief Executive Officer of the MTR Corporation, strongly condemns the violent acts that took place on the railway premises and the Corporation shall fully co-operate with the investigation by the law enforcement authorities. On behalf of the MTR Corporation, he has also offers his sincere wishes for the speedy recovery of the injured passengers
Passengers are welcomed to make enquires by following methods If you are injured at 21/Jul (Sun) night in West Rail Line Yuen Long Station:
Mailing Address
MTR Corporation Limited, GPO Box 9916, Hong Kong 📨
Fax
2795 9991 📠
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此外, MTR Service Update 現提供版面予車務人員刊出抗議訊息:
香港都未發生過有人衝入鐵路處所毆鬥的事件,應變程序都係假設全部香港人會守法搭車,車務人員唔係保安,都無其他國家啲鐵路有武警去監視乘客一舉一動,依家有無人值守大堂同無人駕駛列車,應該報警之後,警察係最快到場
唔好講站長、車長唔知邊啲人原來係黑底,邊個組織咩事忽然衝入嚟打人,記者、救護員都俾人扑頭
警察唔派人行咇,屯門、元朗、天水圍啲差館一早落埋閘唔俾人報案,打 999 又 cut 綫叫你:「驚就咪出街啦!」市民收工返屋企都唔得呀 ?
(按:☎️ 999 熱綫由警務處運作,只會於有需要時方轉介消防處安排救護服務)
職員點手無寸鐵出去做超人一個打十個,除咗控制室道鋼門外,月台值班亭、客務中心全部玻璃一打就爛,客務中心外判又唔知保險包幾多,依家仲真係有同事俾人拖出去,又有同事受傷添
我地依家嚴正質問香港鐵路有限公司、香港警察,有乜野措施可以保障乘客、職員安全,喺未有措施保障大家安全之前,唔反對良心罷工令鐵路停駛
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Furthermore, MTR Service Update would like to use this opportunity to publish the joint petition by operating staff:
There has been no precedence of railway premises being turned into the scene of bashing; the standing procedure assumes that Hong Kongers would observe the law when they travel on the MTR. Station staff are no substitutes of professional security and unlike some countries, the police is not here to monitor every single act of the passengers. Nevertheless, the police should be the first to arrive at the scene when they have been requested, especially now when there are unmanned station concourses and driverless trains
Station staff and the Train Captain were unlikely to be aware of the possible background of the attackers or the organisations they potentially associate with; not to mention the fact that even journalists and paramedics had also been hit in the head
There have been no police officers patrolling, the police stations in Tuen Mun, Yuen Long and Tin Shui Wai were closed and the general public had even been advised by the 999 hotline operators to not leave their properties if they felt unsafe. Is it too much to ask for those who would like to go home after work, feeling safe?
(Note : ☎️ the 999 hotline is operated by Hong Kong Police, they would only refer calls to Fire Services Department when ambulance service is needed)
Apart from the steel door of the Station Control Room, no matter how well the staff practise self-defence or even martial art, we have to face the fact that the glasses at the platform booths and Customer Service Centres could easily be breached and that there is a lack of clarity on the insurance
We are here to ask the #MTR Corporation and Hong Kong Police seriously what measures they have to guarantee passengers' and staff safety. We support strike actions if they don't have any
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