[那些年你聽過的營養鬼話#9]
前不久有一位朋友告訴我,
她做完健康檢查之後在諮詢時,
問了某專業人員關於微波食品的問題,
得到了這樣的回答:
"微波食品建議少吃,微波的原理是將使食物分子變性,我是幾乎不吃微波食品的,即使麻煩一點,我也不願意拿身體開玩笑。"
朋友聽完覺得很擔心所以問我這是不是真的。
好。喔。
如果這是事實的的話,
那我每天都在拿自己的身體開玩笑呢!
從唸研究所期間直到現在,
每天中午幾乎都是吃自己帶的便當,
以前是在研究室或辦公室微波;現在是在家裡微波。
(雖然也有電鍋,但個人真的很怕蒸過的便當的味道)
好吧,廢話不多說,闢謠時間到!
🌱🌱🌱🌱微波的原理🌱🌱🌱🌱
🌟哈佛大學健康網站的解釋:
微波爐是以類似無線電波的能量來烹飪食物,
這些波具有非常顯著的選擇性,
主要影響水分子和其他極性分子。
(一端帶正電,另一端帶負電)
微波使這些分子振動並迅速建立熱能(Ref 1)。
🌟美國食品藥品監督管理局的解釋:
微波使食物中的水分子振動,進而產生熱來烹飪食物。
這就是為何使用微波爐烹調時,
含水量高的食物(如新鮮蔬菜)能比其他食物更快煮熟的原因。
微波能量會轉變為熱能而被食物吸收,
並且不會使食物“具有放射性”或“被污染”(Ref 2)。
簡單來說微波的原理就是:
利用微波讓分子震動,
然後利用分子跟分子間的振動時的摩擦產生熱。
(而這些震動的分子主要是水分子)
就是振動>摩擦>產熱,這麼簡單!
"微波讓食物分子變性所以要少吃!"這句話其實很詭異。
乍聽之下好像很可怕,但冷靜下來分析,
幾乎所有食物在"加熱"的過程中都會變性。
舉例來說,
蛋白變性後才會從原本的透明液體變成白色固體🍳。
所以這段話的前半部"微波會讓食物分子變性"算是正確的,
不只微波,蒸、煮、炒、烤、炸也都會讓食物變性。
那麼"要少吃變性的食物"的話,難道都要吃生食嗎?
不過猜想這位專業人員講的"變性",
指的應該是產生有害物質(甚至致癌物質),
只是用詞不夠精準。
會不會產生有害物質主要是看加熱的時間以及溫度,
加熱過頭的話,就算是"炒"也會產生有害物質,
並不是微波本身的問題。
🌱🌱🌱🌱微波過的食物沒營養?🌱🌱🌱🌱
之前分享過一篇用各種烹調方法處理200公克青花菜🥦,
比較各種營養素保留狀況的文獻,
這邊再重新整理並分享一次(Ref 3)。
(以下表示的是烹調後的各營養素含量)
1. 可溶性蛋白質:
生>蒸>微波=炒>水煮=炒+水煮
2. 可溶性糖:
生>蒸>微波=炒=水煮=炒+水煮
3. 維生素C
生=蒸>微波>炒>水煮>炒+水煮
4. 類胡蘿蔔素
生=蒸=微波=炒>水煮>炒+水煮
烹調處理方式:
🥗 水煮:以400mL滾水煮5分鐘
🥗 清蒸:入蒸籠並加蓋,以200mL滾水蒸5分鐘
🥗 微波:加10mL水並微波5分鐘
🥗 油炒:將10mL大豆油預熱至140度C再入青菜炒5分鐘
🥗 炒+水煮:將10mL大豆油預熱至140度C再入青菜炒2分鐘,接著加入50mL水並加蓋煮3分鐘
從本篇研究的結論看來,與其他烹調方式相比,
以微波的方式烹調並不會讓食物流失太多營養。
🌟🌟🌟結論🌟🌟🌟
並非要宣揚微波是多麼偉大或無害的烹調方式,
只是單純想告訴大家,
以現有的科學證據看來,微波的加熱原理是安全的。
若未來出現了新的研究證據,也很樂意與大家分享😁
當然微波時若使用不當的食器而導致危害物質釋出,
或微波時間強度沒拿捏好導致包裝有危害物質釋出,
那又是另外一回事了(本文不討論這部分)。
非常詫異這樣的言論是從同行口中講出來的,
連專業人員都會講出這樣的話語,
一般沒有專業背景的人又該何去何從?
現在網路上的文章何其多,
將歪理寫得振振有詞的也多的是,
沒有相關知識背景的人很容易就相信了。
像我在看非營養相關的文章時也常常分不清真假...
這就是我這幾年來,
堅持每篇文章盡量要有實證證據並列出參考文獻的原因,
也是成立營養麵包的初衷,
希望可以藉由營養麵包將正確的營養知識傳達給大家。😊
如果有任何錯誤的地方,也非常歡迎告訴我喔!
References:
1. Microwave cooking and nutrition. Updated: February 6, 2019; Published: January, 2015. http://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/microwave-cooking-and-nutrition
2. Microwave Oven Radiation.
https://www.fda.gov/radiation-emitting-products/resources-you-radiation-emitting-products/microwave-oven-radiation#What_is_Microwave_Radiation_
3. Yuan, G. F., Sun, B., Yuan, J., & Wang, Q. M. (2009). Effects of different cooking methods on health-promoting compounds of broccoli. Journal of Zhejiang University Science B, 10(8), 580.
#營養麵包 #那些年你聽過的營養鬼話
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終於有逐字稿 & 例句翻譯:
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MIxerBox 也可以收聽《跟賓狗聽新聞學英文》囉~
1 【press 勸說;逼迫】— 動詞(一直問、一直煩)
President Trump has pressed Georgia’s governor to help overturn Joe Biden's election victory.
2【directed 特別瞄準的】— 形容詞
“Directed” microwave radiation is the likely cause of illnesses.
3【farce 鬧劇】— 名詞
The opposition leader calls the vote “farce”.
4【Hungary 匈牙利】— 名詞(跟 hungry 發音很像,但有一點點差別)
This Hungarian politician drafted the Hungarian constitutional prohibition on gay marriage.
5 【cost the earth 價格昂貴】— 常見用法
We can buy products that don’t cost the earth.
(環保雙關)
https://www.positive.news/economics/five-ways-to-shop-for-gifts-more-ethically-this-christmas/
簡單複習:
1)press 逼迫
2)farce 鬧劇
3)pave the way for 為某件事鋪路
4)Hungary 匈牙利
5)cost the earth 價格昂貴
YouTube 也有日更喔,歡迎來訂閱!
https://www.youtube.com/c/BingoBilingual
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The only writing system in the world that has toppled an Education Minister (to my limited knowledge). Bahasa subs included!
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◌ How Jawi changed to Rumi: https://iluminasi.com/bm/sejarah-bertukarnya-sistem-tulisan-jawi-ke-rumi-di-malaysia.html
◌ History of Jawi: doi: 10.15640/jisc.v4n1a7
◌ History of Malays in the Hindu-Buddha era: https://www.malaymail.com/news/opinion/2015/02/16/menyelongkar-rahsia-melayu-era-hindu/841993
◌ Japanese writing system: https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Japanese/Japanese_writing_system
◌ List of borrowed Sanskrit words: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_loanwords_in_Malay
◌ Role of Jawi in the spread of Islam in Malaya: http://www.myjurnal.my/filebank/published_article/24027/Article_5.PDF
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