【對跑者來說最大肌力愈大愈好?】
最近幾天Pose Method的教練社群裡在討論這個問題:「羅曼諾夫博士和我都認為『力量是為了輔助技術』,所以跑者不需要強調最大肌力的訓練;不過有些教練的想法是相反,認為『最大肌力是一切的基礎』,過於專注專項,會影響最大肌力發展。」我們在社群中有很棒的討論,這邊整理分享出我個人的想法。
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我以前也認為「最大肌力是一切的基礎」,但在跟羅曼諾夫博士學習幾年,再到翻譯《Ths System》這本專門談力量訓練的書之後,想法已大有轉變。《Ths System》的其中兩位作者所帶的大都是美式足球選手,照理說是最需要最大肌力訓練的,但其實書中「完全不強調」最大肌力。
作者群中的其中兩位,強尼帕克(Johnny Parker)與艾爾米勒(Al Miller) ,都是美國NFL中赫赫有名的力量與體能教練,精讀這本書後發現他們完全不提最大肌力,只是一直強調 「Explosive strength」、「Power」和「Speed」,書中所有的內容都是為這三種能力而寫。這在近年來興起的「速度依循訓練」(Velocity Based Training, VBT)也可看到「重視速度而非1RM」的相同發展軌跡。
所以看來不只是跑步,連美式足球這種需要大力量的專項也不會太強調最大肌力要練到多大。我們有教練反應「練了半年重訓(期間沒有跑步),之後重新開始練跑雖然腳變有力,卻發現步頻從每分鐘一八幾掉到一六幾。」
我的理解是,
跑者的步頻跟下肢的「剛性」與「彈性」有很大的關係,而剛性與彈性不全跟肌肉有關(需要肌肉沒錯,但跟非肌肉組織關係比較大),這點大家應該也看得出來,頂尖的中長距離跑者的肌肉並不特別發達,他們的蹲舉等三關節大範圍活動的肌力可能也不是很強,但觸地時間較短、步頻也較高 (180~190之間,菁英長跑者很少高於195)。
肌力當然需要,但跟觸地時間與步頻比較相關的是「非肌肉組織的力量」。我看《Ths System》所引用的一些文獻,其實國外不少教練已經看 Strength Training 不只在訓練 Muscular Strength ,也不再過份強調最大肌力的訓練了。
在羅曼諾夫博士的《Pose Method 游、騎、跑 三項運動技術》書中的第13章簡要地談了〈肌肉在跑步中所扮演的角色〉(頁87~92),若先能了解肌肉的本質與演化出來的功能,就比較能了解跑者需要肌力的目的;到了第14章接著談〈肌肉肌腱的彈力〉(頁94~96),博士在書中指稱的「彈性/彈力」的概念中就包含了「牽張-收縮循環」(SSC),也是力量訓練方法中「增強式訓練」的主要訓練機制。
我覺得博士在書中的這段說得很好:「彈力跟重力與地面反作用力一樣都被歸類在免費的外力。善用肌肉肌腱的彈性可以節省肌肉的力量。當跑者能妥善運用下肢的彈力之後,同一個配速下的耗氧量與肌肉力量都會下降,這代表跑者在比賽時能夠保留更多寶貴的能量。」
我的理解是「肌力是主動力」,而「彈力是被動力/免費的外力」,想要高效地運用免費的外力,就要發展本身的彈性結構。而發展彈性結構,跟肌力會有一定的衝突,因為肌肉的成長空間很大,沒重訓的人只要認真練兩個月肌力就會進步很多,若不小心一下子進步太多會影響彈性結構(我前述案例練半年重訓後跑步的步頻下降跟這個有關)。
我們在討論時有另一位教練分享:「如果肌力(主動力)太強則可能會干涉到關節活動度,讓原本可以被用動力的部分,反而要用主動力去提供。讓整體效能降低,也提高受傷風險。」
這位教練說得很好,我舉誇張一點的例子是「健美選手」,肌肉變大後,各關節的活動空間也變得相當小了。每一項運動都需要肌肉,但當肌肉量超過該項運動(或某項運動的位置)時反而就會形成限制。關於這點,在《Pose Method 游、騎、跑 三項運動技術》第14章(94頁)開頭引言中的一句話就很有啟發性:
「自然不做無用之事。」( 亞里士多德)
就像家裡十年都沒用到的東西,通常都是多餘的一樣(該移除了);多的肉(不只肥肉)包括肌肉,若該項運動用不到,也會形成身體的負擔與防礙動作的流暢度。
Pose Method 強調「好的跑步技術是去除『多餘的動作』,只留關鍵跑步三元素」。不足與多餘都是不好的,因此我的理解是:對跑者來說,多餘的肌力(肌力太強)與肌肉(肌肉太大),反而會造成阻礙(當然,肌力或肌肉量不足也不行)。
而且我覺得最大的問題是,目前最大肌力(1RM)的進步與否大都是蹲舉、硬舉、推舉、上膊、抓舉、挺舉,而這些動作都是下肢三關節活動範圍比較大的動作,那跟跑步支撐期有很大的差異(支撐期髖膝踝三關節活動範圍小很多),所以用這些動作的1RM進步與否來判斷跑者的力量也相對不合理,當然,對自行車專項或大部分球類運動就比較合理,因為這些運動的三關節活動範圍在支撐期時跟蹲舉與上膊等動作就接近多了。
以上是我個人針對「對跑者來說最大肌力愈大愈好?」這個問題的分析和思考,若有不恰當的地方也歡迎各界提出與指正。
同時也有5部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過0的網紅CarDebuts,也在其Youtube影片中提到,เปิดตัวครั้งแรกในโลก พร้อมราคา The All-New Mitsubishi Outlander 2021-2022 World Premiere มิตซูบิชิ เอาท์แลนเดอร์ โฉมใหม่ล่าสุด มี 3 แถว 7 ที่้นั่ง ทำต...
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คือความเชื่อที่ว่า
‘เปลี่ยนท่าบ่อยๆกล้ามเนื้อจะได้ไม่ชิน’
มันก็มีท่ามาที่ไป ไม่ได้ผิด 100% แต่ไม่ได้ถูก 100%
แล้วก็ส่วนใหญ่ใช้ใน Intensity ที่ 90% ของ 1RM แล้วก็ เป้าหมายเป็น Strength Training ซึ่งอันนี้ประสบการณ์ตรงเลย ถ้ายกตัวอย่างเช่น Intensity 50-60% หรือเล่น Bodybuilding อาจจะสามารถเล่นได้เกิน 8-10 สัปดาห์
แต่ถ้าเมื่อไรอัด Bench Press ความหนักเกิน 90% ต่อๆกัน เนี่ย ตันง่ายมาก แล้วก็น้ำหนักที่ยกจะลดลงด้วย
เหตุไม่ใช่เพราะกล้ามเนื้อแต่เป็นระบบประสาท (Central Nervouse System) ซึ่งบางทีใช้เวลา Recover มากถึง 1-2 สัปดาห์
ต่างกับกล้ามเนื้อในช่วง 48-72 ชม (ถ้าใคร 3 วันแล้วกล้ามยังปวดแสดงว่า 1.แดกไม่ถึง 2.นอนไม่พอ 3.มึงบาดเจ็บละ)
แนะนำคือ เล่นได้ประมาณ 3 สัปดาห์ แต่ทุกสัปดาห์ให้ใช้เป็น Variation ของท่านั้น ยกตัวอย่าง
Week 1 : Bench Press
Week 2 : Incline Bench Press
Week 3 : Floor Press
Week 4 : Bench Press (Deload น้ำหนักลดลง)
Week 5 : วนใหม่
แค่เพื่อไม่ให้มันพังใน Plane Of Movement หรือ Neuro Muscular System เดิม
แล้วก็ต้องบริหารความเหนื่อยให้เป็น อยู่ในสภาพแวดล้อมที่ กิน กับพักผ่อนดี
สรุป
เปลี่ยนท่าบ้าง แต่ไม่ใช่เปลี่ยนแม่งทุกวัน เพราะที่ต้องการคือ พัฒนาการ ก็ต้องฝึกให้เป็นระบบ ชัดเจน แน่นอน รู้ว่าทำไปทำไม ทำอะไร เพื่ออะไร และหวังผลอย่างไร
ถ้าทำไปโดยฟังคนอื่นมาอีกที มั่วมโน เพ้อเจ้อ มึงก็ได้ผลลัพธ์แบบเพ้อเจ้อหวังว่าชาตินี้จะเป็น Arnold แบบเพ้อเจ้อต่อไป
References มาจาก หนังสือ Basic Elite FTS Training ของ Dave Tate กับ Jim Wendler
#heroathletes
#knowledgeispower
muscular system 在 Carol Yeung Yoga Facebook 的精選貼文
27 March – 2 May 2021
100小時產前產後孕婦瑜伽導師培訓課程
課程大綱 (一)
瑜伽器材應用:
.學習正確使用瑜伽櫈、瑜伽帶、瑜伽毯、瑜伽磚、瑜伽
長枕及瑜伽墊
.學習有效率地使用瑜伽器材,維持課堂的流暢性
.學習更多使用瑜伽器材的方法,輔助在式子上進度較慢
的學生
.帶傷時,使用瑜伽器材來輔助;採用不同的方法去研究
瑜伽姿勢,去進一步了解解剖學及生理學
.瑜伽解剖學入門——人體器官及系統、骨骼系統、肌肉
系統、以及人體的生物力學智能
.研究所有的主要關節——活動、限制、肌肉系統、生
理、姿勢肌
.了解肌肉系統——在式子的哲學中,肌肉的活動與正位
解剖學及懷孕期的特殊情況:
.一般的解剖學和懷孕女性的解剖學
.解剖學與瑜伽學的觀點
.孕懷期間的各種情況:常見的痛症、恥骨聯合、臀位等
.了解盆骨底肌肉對孕婦及準媽媽們的重要性
放鬆與舒緩:
.冥想和放鬆的技巧
.瑜伽式子、冥想和放鬆於療癒上的效益
.懷孕及分娩的呼吸法
The 100-hour Pre- and Post-natal Teacher Training
Syllabus (2)
Yoga prop usage:
•Study the proper use of a yoga chair, belt, blanket, blocks, bolster, and yoga mat
•Learn quick use of props for flow classes
-Learn more methodical use of props for slower study of asanas
•Use props for injuries and to investigate poses from different approaches to go deeper Anatomy & Physiology
Introduction to yoga anatomy – organs and systems of the body, skeletal system, muscular system, and the biomechanics intelligence of the body
•Study all the major joints – movements, restrictions, muscular system, physiology, postural muscles
•Understand the muscular system – muscles for movement and alignment in asana Philosophy
Anatomy and special condition during pregnancy
· General anatomy and the anatomy of pregnant women
· Anatomical and yogic point of view
· Various condition during pregnancy: common aches and pains, pubic symphysis, breech, etc.
· The important of pelvis floor for pregnancy and new mothers
Relaxation
· Meditation and relaxation techniques
· Therapeutic benefit of asanas, meditation and relaxation
· Pranayama for pregnancy and labour
📸 @ear_will
muscular system 在 CarDebuts Youtube 的最讚貼文
เปิดตัวครั้งแรกในโลก พร้อมราคา The All-New Mitsubishi Outlander 2021-2022 World Premiere มิตซูบิชิ เอาท์แลนเดอร์ โฉมใหม่ล่าสุด มี 3 แถว 7 ที่้นั่ง ทำตลาดในอเมริกาเหนือ ก่อนมาขายในไทย
Mitsubishi Motors Corporation ประกาศเปิดตัว All-New outlander โฉมใหม่ เจนเนอเรชั่นที่ 4 รุ่นปี 2022 รถครอสโอเวอร์รุ่น flagship ของบริษัท ผ่านทาง Amazon Livestream เป็นครั้งแรก โดยมาพร้อมดีไซน์ใหม่ คุณภาพระดับพรีเมี่ยม สมรรถนะที่เหนือชั้น และเทคโนโลยีที่ล้ำสมัย ที่คุณสามารถคาดหวังได้ จากรถยนต์ของ Mitsubishi พร้อมเริ่มจำหน่ายในตลาดอเมริกาเหนือ เป็นที่แรกในโลก ในราคาเริ่มต้น 25,795 เหรียญสหรัฐ หรือราว 773,000 บาท ในเดือนเมษายน ปี 2021 นี้ ก่อนที่จะมีการทำตลาดทั่วโลก หลังจากนั้น
FRANKLIN, Tenn. – As part of a game-changing collaboration with Amazon, MITSUBISHI MOTORS CORPORATION (MMC) today revealed the all-new 2022 OUTLANDER crossover SUV via livestream, the first vehicle to ever debut on Amazon Live.2 All-new from the wheels up, the 2022 Outlander features a new design direction for both this vehicle and the brand, plus the premium quality, rugged performance and innovative technology expected of a Mitsubishi Motors vehicle.
The flagship of the Mitsubishi Motors line, it is reimagined and reinvented in every way, and is the best-equipped, most thoughtfully engineered vehicle the company has ever developed. Outlander gears up for sale in North America first in April 2021, with other global markets to follow.
With a U.S. Manufacturer's Suggested Retail Price starting at $25,7951, the all-new 2022 Mitsubishi Outlander delivers the equipment, quality and lasting value that Mitsubishi customers have come to expect of the brand. Full pricing and packaging details will be made available at a later date.
"Based on the product concept 'I-Fu-Do-Do,' which means authentic and majestic in Japanese, the all-new OUTLANDER has been crafted into a reliable SUV with significantly upgraded styling, road performance, and a high-quality feel to satisfy the needs of customers who want to expand their horizons and take on challenges of every kind," said Takao Kato, chief executive officer of MMC. "With the launch of the all-new OUTLANDER, we will first expand our sales in the North American market and then aim for global growth."
The Outlander was first launched in North America in 2002, and this new model is the fourth generation to be sold.
Styling debuts the brand's next generation Dynamic Shield front face and design language, with muscular fenders, bold proportions and available large-diameter 20-inch wheels. Inside, Outlander is a quiet and serene space, showcasing quality and convenience through class-above materials, seating for seven in the segment's only standard-equipment third-row, available 12.3-inch digital instrument cluster and 9-inch center screen, and also newly available wireless smartphone charging capability with Android Auto3 and wireless Apple CarPlay.4
The engineering underpinnings are also all-new. Partnered with a newly developed platform and 2.5L four-cylinder engine, Mitsubishi's rally-derived Super All-Wheel Control5 system provides unmatched confidence for drivers in all environments. The newly developed drive mode selector allows performance and grip to be tailored to the conditions through six distinct settings, increasing on-road and off-pavement performance. Even two-wheel drive models are fitted with the drive-mode selector, offering five distinct modes in this setup, to help drivers feel more confident in all driving conditions.
Standard equipment on the 2022 Outlander includes 11 airbags6, three rows of seats, myriad storage locations, USB-A and USB-C charge ports and 18-inch wheels.
Depending on trim level, the 2022 Outlander can be fitted with 20-inch wheels, Mitsubishi's MI-PILOT Assist driver assistance system with adaptive cruise control and lane-keep assist7, semi-aniline leather seating, integrated navigation using what3words technology, a windshield-display 10.8-inch full-color Head-Up Display (HUD), Mitsubishi's industry-leading Mitsubishi Connect smart-car system, and a 10-speaker BOSE® audio system.8
Mitsubishi Motors North America is in the midst of introducing a full showroom of redesigned, reengineered or all-new vehicles, and the 2022 Outlander is the culmination of that program. This much-anticipated vehicle is here, and the game-changing launch is well under way. The all-new 2022 Mitsubishi Outlander is set to break boundaries, reset expectations and demand attention.
muscular system 在 CarDebuts Youtube 的最佳解答
ชมบรรยากาศในงานเปิดตัว All-New 2019 Toyota Corolla Hatchback (โตโยต้า โคโรลล่า แฮทช์แบ็ค) ในงาน 2018 New York International Auto Show
Corolla Hatchback has flair extraordinaire. With a theme of Shooting Robust, along with a design goal of Agile, influencing their every pen stroke, designers created a form that is simultaneously distinct, dynamic, muscular, and sophisticated. Shooting references the design’s sport coupe traits implemented in all facets.
With those concepts in mind, Corolla Hatchback is a meticulously mixed cocktail of emotive lines, creases, and surfaces. It’s lower (by 1.0 in.), wider (by 1.2 in.), and longer (by 1.5 in.) than its predecessor, Corolla iM. It also has wider front and rear tracks, and a longer wheelbase.
Its hood sits two inches lower than before, affording passengers excellent forward visibility. The new frontal styling with a rounded nose and trapezoidal-shaped under grille is a further evolution of Toyota’s Under Priority Catamaran and Keen Look design philosophies, both of which emphasize Corolla Hatchback’s increased width.
Slim, J-shaped Bi-Beam LED headlamps wrap deep into the front fenders and accent the front in both stylishness and precise illumination. Front overhang has been cut by 0.8 inches; at the rear, it’s 0.8 inches longer. Chiseled character lines at its profile link both ends’ protruding flanks making for an active, well-planted expression that is uncommon amongst its peers. Wheel sizes range from 16-inches to 18-inches in diameter.
Its new rear style articulates Corolla Hatchback’s overarching emphasis on athletic presence. The relationship between front and rear design is closely aligned given the rear’s more rounded physique that encompasses simple, condensed, yet powerful, three-dimensional landscapes. Its hatch – now made from TSOP (Toyota Super Olefin Polymer) and ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) – is not only lightweight to aid fuel efficiency, it is set at a steeper angle (moved 14 degrees forward) for that ultimate sporty look. The rear all-LED taillamps feature a diffusing inner lens designed to highlight the hatchback’s stout stance. And the rear bumper styling echoes the frontal Under Priority Catamaran design with its thin lower lip and chrome diffuser.
Differentiation between SE and XSE is distinct. Both grades receive LED headlamps and taillights, chrome rear diffuser, and alloy wheels. XSE ups the ante with 18-inch wheels, LED fog lights, chrome front grille surround, and an available innovative Adaptive Front Lighting System (AFS). AFS – available only on XSE CVT – allows for the focused distribution of light in an area that matches the vehicle’s speed and steering angle. The Bi-Beam LED units move vertically and horizontally to provide optimal light output by analyzing steering angle, vehicle speed, and the vehicle’s longitudinal axes angle to adjust lamps.
Corolla Hatchback’s color range includes the new-for-2019 color Rival Blue, as well as Blizzard Pearl, Silver Metallic, Midnight Black, Galactic Aqua Mica, Scarlet, and Oxide Bronze.
PRELIMINARY EXTERIOR DIMENSIONS (vs. MY2018) [difference]
Wheelbase 103.9 in. (102.4) [+1.5 in.]
Overall Length 172.0 in. (170.5) [+1.5 in.]
Overall Width 70.5 in. (69.3) [+1.2 in.]
Overall Height 56.6 in. (57.5) [-1.0 in.]
muscular system 在 CarDebuts Youtube 的最佳解答
เปิดตัว 2019 Toyota Corolla Hatchback (โตโยต้า โคโรลล่า แฮทช์แบ็ค) ดีไซน์ใหม่หมดทั้งคัน ฟังค์ชั่นล้ำสมัยมาครบ
NEW YORK, March 23, 2018 – Talk about going big in the Big Apple! For the first time in North America, Toyota’s newest, stylish, and most technologically-advanced small car, the all-new 2019 Corolla Hatchback, makes its debut at the New York International Auto Show.
Don’t let its diminutive dimensions fool you – the hatchback, in either SE or XSE grades, is all about making a huge impression. With its lengthy list of standard features that includes Entune 3.0 with Apple CarPlay and Amazon Alexa Connectivity; a revised sport-tuned suspension and new Toyota New Global Architecture (TNGA) platform; and the first North American application of Toyota Safety Sense 2.0, Corolla Hatchback strikes a resounding chord with drivers who value authenticity, utility, practicality, and style.
Hot hatch? More like Haute Hatch.
Indomitable Style
Corolla Hatchback has flair extraordinaire. With a theme of Shooting Robust, along with a design goal of Agile, influencing their every pen stroke, designers created a form that is simultaneously distinct, dynamic, muscular, and sophisticated. Shooting references the design’s sport coupe traits implemented in all facets.
With those concepts in mind, Corolla Hatchback is a meticulously mixed cocktail of emotive lines, creases, and surfaces. It’s lower (by 1.0 in.), wider (by 1.2 in.), and longer (by 1.5 in.) than its predecessor, Corolla iM. It also has wider front and rear tracks, and a longer wheelbase.
Its hood sits two inches lower than before, affording passengers excellent forward visibility. The new frontal styling with a rounded nose and trapezoidal-shaped under grille is a further evolution of Toyota’s Under Priority Catamaran and Keen Look design philosophies, both of which emphasize Corolla Hatchback’s increased width.
Slim, J-shaped Bi-Beam LED headlamps wrap deep into the front fenders and accent the front in both stylishness and precise illumination. Front overhang has been cut by 0.8 inches; at the rear, it’s 0.8 inches longer. Chiseled character lines at its profile link both ends’ protruding flanks making for an active, well-planted expression that is uncommon amongst its peers. Wheel sizes range from 16-inches to 18-inches in diameter.
Its new rear style articulates Corolla Hatchback’s overarching emphasis on athletic presence. The relationship between front and rear design is closely aligned given the rear’s more rounded physique that encompasses simple, condensed, yet powerful, three-dimensional landscapes. Its hatch – now made from TSOP (Toyota Super Olefin Polymer) and ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) – is not only lightweight to aid fuel efficiency, it is set at a steeper angle (moved 14 degrees forward) for that ultimate sporty look. The rear all-LED taillamps feature a diffusing inner lens designed to highlight the hatchback’s stout stance. And the rear bumper styling echoes the frontal Under Priority Catamaran design with its thin lower lip and chrome diffuser.
Differentiation between SE and XSE is distinct. Both grades receive LED headlamps and taillights, chrome rear diffuser, and alloy wheels. XSE ups the ante with 18-inch wheels, LED fog lights, chrome front grille surround, and an available innovative Adaptive Front Lighting System (AFS). AFS – available only on XSE CVT – allows for the focused distribution of light in an area that matches the vehicle’s speed and steering angle. The Bi-Beam LED units move vertically and horizontally to provide optimal light output by analyzing steering angle, vehicle speed, and the vehicle’s longitudinal axes angle to adjust lamps.
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