關於 nutrition and athletic performance ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

#維生素D 與骨骼健康、曬太陽可合成…這類的資訊大家已經有觀念了🌞
近年研究也發現缺乏維生素D與慢性發炎、罹癌率和免疫力等有關。
那與運動表現呢❓

⚠️維生素D與維護肌肉正常功能有關。

但你知道嗎，根據統計台灣成年人約有六成，體內維生素D不足，和年齡、性別、生活作息、飲食、膚色等都有關係
➡️男性（尤其肥胖的男性）和停經後的婦女最常見

而運動員之間相比較，與他們「照射陽光」的時間有關，
例如：訓練地點的緯度（影響可日照時間）、季節、室內外運動的不同，

➡️平均有 #超過六成的 #室內運動員經檢驗 發現維生素D不足

👨🏻‍⚕️部分研究顯示，連續8週每天補充5000IU維生素D，與肌肉骨骼性能改善有正向影響，
（無論是對運動員或健康的一般人，垂直跳躍高度和10公尺衝刺時間等運動表現都有進步）。
其他研究則顯示體內維生素D含量，與左手握力和下肢力量有顯著相關，有補充維生素D的運動員，在負重反握引體向上這項測驗發現表現更好。

但也不全然實驗都是正面結果，也有些實驗的結果是沒有顯著影響，因此維生素D對運動表現性能還有待未來更多進一步實驗探究。

最後，除了透過每天日曬、日常攝取富含維生素D的食物外，嚴重不足者亦可透過額外補充維生素D加快補充！

資料來源：
1. Al-Horani, H., Abu Dayyih, W., Mallah, E., Hamad, M., Mima, M., Awad, R., & Arafat, T. (2016). Nationality, gender, age, and body mass index influences on vitamin D concentration among elderly patients and young Iraqi and Jordanian in Jordan. Biochemistry research international, 2016.

2. AlQuaiz, A. M., Kazi, A., Fouda, M., & Alyousefi, N. (2018). Age and gender differences in the prevalence and correlates of vitamin D deficiency. Archives of osteoporosis, 13(1), 1-11.

3. Close, G. L., Russell, J., Cobley, J. N., Owens, D. J., Wilson, G., Gregson, W., ... & Morton, J. P. (2013). Assessment of vitamin D concentration in non-supplemented professional athletes and healthy adults during the winter months in the UK: implications for skeletal muscle function. Journal of sports sciences, 31(4), 344-353.

4. Fairbairn, K. A., Ceelen, I. J., Skeaff, C. M., Cameron, C. M., & Perry, T. L. (2018). Vitamin D3 supplementation does not improve sprint performance in professional rugby players: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind intervention study. International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism, 28(1), 1-9.

5. Farrokhyar, F., Tabasinejad, R., Dao, D., Peterson, D., Ayeni, O. R., Hadioonzadeh, R., & Bhandari, M. (2015). Prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy in athletes: a systematic-review and meta-analysis. Sports medicine, 45(3), 365-378.

6. Johnson, L. K., Hofsø, D., Aasheim, E. T., Tanbo, T., Holven, K. B., Andersen, L. F., ... & Hjelmesaeth, J. (2012). Impact of gender on vitamin D deficiency in morbidly obese patients: a cross-sectional study. European journal of clinical nutrition, 66(1), 83-90.

7. Książek, A., Dziubek, W., Pietraszewska, J., & Słowińska-Lisowska, M. (2018). Relationship between 25 (OH) D levels and athletic performance in elite Polish judoists. Biology of sport, 35(2), 191.

8. Verdoia, M., Schaffer, A., Barbieri, L., Di Giovine, G., Marino, P., Suryapranata, H., ... & Novara Atherosclerosis Study Group. (2015). Impact of gender difference on vitamin D status and its relationship with the extent of coronary artery disease. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 25(5), 464-470.

9. Wiciński, M., Adamkiewicz, D., Adamkiewicz, M., Śniegocki, M., Podhorecka, M., Szychta, P., & Malinowski, B. (2019). Impact of vitamin D on physical efficiency and exercise performance—A review. Nutrients, 11(11), 2826.

10. Han, Q., Li, X., Tan, Q., Shao, J., & Yi, M. (2019). Effects of vitamin D3 supplementation on serum 25 (OH) D concentration and strength in athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 16(1), 1-13.

—
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運動員一天練兩次
如何在第二次訓練也活力滿滿
靠的就是飲食‼️

研究顯示肝醣的回補速率每小時只有5%
故第一次練完後的立即進食非常重要
2016ACSM建議運動後4-6小時
✅每小時攝取每公斤體重1.0~1.2克碳水
用以最大化回補肝醣

而根據2020最新整合分析(Meta)
當能量攝取相同時 (單位:每小時每公斤體重)
1️⃣僅攝取碳水(1.2克)
2️⃣碳水+蛋白質(0.9克+0.3克)
均能有效使肝醣回補
研究更指出
想要更好可以攝取每公斤體重1.2克碳水再加蛋白質

另外當同時攝取碳水與蛋白時
可以更刺激胰島素的分泌🔥

#花一分鐘認識身體 #運動員 #碳水攝取 #肝醣回補
#熱愛運動科學 #營養師 #謝朝傑營養師

Reference:
1. Coingestion of Carbohydrate and Protein on Muscle Glycogen Synthesis after Exercise: A Meta-analysis.
2. Nutrition and Athletic Performance (2016ACSM)

*Closed Caption is available in this video*

Here doing my absolute best sharing some Training & Nutrition strategies to everyone who is fasting in this Ramadan. More details about fasting tips below (read more).

Question 1:
When is the Best Time to workout?

Answers:
The most convenient time to train is right before you break-fast. This allows you to train and break-fast at ease for ultimate replenish from hydration and nutrition. The down side? Lack of energy and dehydration, but this feeling will go away right after a few days of practice. You gotta persist the first week!

The other timing that works great is to train 1-2 hours after you had your first break-fast meal. Having some fluid and nutrient in your system will definitely help you to train hard like normal. But the downside of this timing is training at this timing can be a little late during the day, and some may experience sluggishness due to their consumed meal, due to this I would recommend keeping your pre-workout meal small and eat something that is easy to digest.

Question 2:
How many times you should workout in a week?

Answers:
Imo, try to maintain training 3 sessions a week (or more). Frequency allows your body to get adapted to the fasting state faster, and training frequently will will help you maximize fatloss & muscle maintenance (depending of what type of training you do).

For the first week, you can start easy like working out 2-3 times a week. A week later you may want to increase the frequency to 3-4 times a week, and slowly work up to 5 training sessions in a week.

Question 3:
How long should you workout?

Answers:
If you are training frequent (up to 5 sessions a week), your workout session doesn't need to be long. Once again, it is depending on what type of training you do and the timing you decided to train. You should keep your workout shorter if you decided to train before break-fast. Where training after your pre-workout meal, you can stick to the same training duration.

Imo, 15-30 minutes for bodyweight/running/hard-cardio is good. 30-60 minute for gym training is sufficient.

Question 4:
What is the best food to focus during fasting?

Answers:
Protein, Protein, Protein! (Red meat will work better)

I would also recommend adding some healthy fats to your diet such as olive, avocado, egg yellow, cheese, coconut oil, and fish oil. This will prolong the nutrient delivery to your system to stay anabolic.

Question 5:
What food to avoid?

Answers:
Reduce/Avoid anything that makes your thirsty and dehydrated. Such as Caffeine, Salt, and Spicy food.

If you are new to supplement, consuming Whey and Creatine at this time is not a good idea too. But if you've been taking them all this while, it is fine.

If you want to learn more about my secrets, training with the right method to reduce all the time wasted by figuring out your own in the gym, or get overwhelmed with thousands of different facts on the internet. I strongly recommend you to check out my best coaching program (web app pocket trainer) link: https://ironmastery.com

Here you will learn all the exercises that will 100% work with the Muscles you want to build. Not only that, but it also comes with a proven effective training program (feat. Ripped & Fit / Super Training) designed according to your personal training level. All periodized accordingly to help you build muscle and burn fat more aggressive like never before.

Lastly, because time is more valuable than money. And I don't want you to go through the long hard-way of learning to get results just like what I did back then. Over here, we did all the heavy lifting for you and all you need to do is just launch the app, tap, and crush your workout! Yup, is that simple. The best time to start is not tomorrow, is not after Ramadan. It is now! https://ironmastery.com

Happy Fasting & Keep On Training!

▷Connect with Me
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Facebook: http://facebook.com/jordanyeohfitness
My Secret to build a perfect body: https://ironmastery.com

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3 simple fitness tips to all my Muslim friends. Selamat Berpuasa!

If you need a full training program to build lean muscle mass and master all essential training techniques, check out my exclusive online training program: https://ironmastery.com

▷Connect with Me
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/jordanyeohfitness
Facebook: http://facebook.com/jordanyeohfitness
Personal Training Web App: https://ironmastery.com

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不管事專業運動員或是健身練肌肉的人
吃素需要注意甚麼呢？

FB粉絲專頁：https://www.facebook.com/GoVeganTW
提倡一種新的生活態度，透過動畫宣導"動物權利"！

感謝【台灣素食營養學會】整理資料、提供贊助
【台灣素食營養學會 官網】http://www.twvns.org/
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【參考資料】
肌肉男女如何吃純素？　　　http://goo.gl/f2Wzcj
草食男女健身必讀 [懶人包] https://goo.gl/v5H4sN
吃素跑對馬拉松有影響嗎？　http://goo.gl/4MlOsa

1.肯亞少肉：
Olympic vegetarians: the elite athletes who shun meat http://goo.gl/J8GgkL

2.運動選手氧化速度快：
Fuhrman J, Ferreri DM. Fueling the vegetarian (vegan) athlete. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2010 Jul-Aug;9(4):233-41. doi: 10.1249/JSR.0b013e3181e93a6f. Review. Erratum in: Curr Sports Med Rep. 2010 Sep-Oct;9(5):313.

3.藍莓提升選手抗氧化機能：
McAnulty LS, Nieman DC, Dumke CL, Shooter LA, Henson DA, Utter AC, Milne G,McAnulty SR. Effect of blueberry ingestion on natural killer cell counts,oxidative stress, and inflammation prior to and after 2.5 h of running. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2011 Dec;36(6):976-84.

4.澱粉才是主要能量來源：
Thomas DT, Erdman KA, Burke LM. Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Dietitians of Canada, and the American College of Sports Medicine: Nutrition and Athletic Performance. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2016 Mar;116(3):501-28.

5.健身選手蛋白質需求量：
Helms ER, Aragon AA, Fitschen PJ. Evidence-based recommendations for natural bodybuilding contest preparation: nutrition and supplementation. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2014 May 12;11:20. doi: 10.1186/1550-2783-11-20. eCollection 2014. Review. PubMed PMID: 24864135; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4033492.

6.植物性與動物性蛋白質之比較：
Van Vliet S, Burd NA, van Loon LJ. The Skeletal Muscle Anabolic Response to Plant- versus Animal-Based Protein Consumption. J Nutr. 2015 Sep;145(9):1981-91. doi: 10.3945/jn.114.204305. Epub 2015 Jul 29. Review. PubMed PMID: 26224750.

7.素食選手與葷食選手的營養狀況一樣好：
Eisinger M, Plath M, Jung K, Leitzmann C. Nutrient intake of endurance runners with ovo-lacto-vegetarian diet and regular western diet. Z Ernahrungswiss. 1994 Sep;33(3):217-29.