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在openssl dns 1這個產品中，有1篇Facebook貼文，粉絲數超過2,850的網紅矽谷牛的耕田筆記，也在其Facebook貼文中提到， 本篇是一個 Kubernetes 的入門介紹文，探討 Kubernetes 內要如何透過 SSL/TLS 憑證來加強應用程式之間的連線。 本篇文章不使用任何第三方套件，反而是從 Kubernetes 內建的資源功能出發去探討，理解 Kubernetes 的能力與極限其實長久下來對於評估各種專案都滿...

openssl dns 1 在 矽谷牛的耕田筆記 Facebook 的最佳貼文

矽谷牛的耕田筆記 By 矽谷牛的耕田筆記

2021-05-15 08:00:08 有 67 人按讚
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本篇是一個 Kubernetes 的入門介紹文，探討 Kubernetes 內要如何透過 SSL/TLS 憑證來加強應用程式之間的連線。

本篇文章不使用任何第三方套件，反而是從 Kubernetes 內建的資源功能出發去探討，理解 Kubernetes 的能力與極限其實長久下來對於評估各種專案都滿有幫助的。

Kubernetes 的 Secret 除了使用 base64 作為編碼技術外，其實本身也提供不少類型方便管理人員使用，譬如本文提到的 tls 類型， container registry credential 以及最廣泛使用的 generic 等。

Secret(tls類型)本身創建時會吃兩個參數，分別是 tls.crt 與 tls.key，接者這類型的 secret 可以與 ingress 進行整合，將 TLS 給掛載到 Ingress 物件中並且同時執行 TLS Termination，讓 Ingres 與外部連線使用 HTTPS 而內部服務則使用 HTTP 來溝通。

文章中提到如何透過 openssl 創建一個 self-signed 的憑證，並且針對 self-signed 的特性進行討論，其列出了四個 self-signed 的缺點

1. 瀏覽器連接到這些 self-signed 憑證的網站時都會露出警告告知使用者，因此這類型的憑證不適合任何正式生產環境使用
2. 因為 self-signed 就是開發者自行創造，缺少第三方可信任機關的認證，因此惡意攻擊者可以輕鬆換掉服務上的簽證，畢竟瀏覽器本來就覺得簽證有問題，無法分辨到底是先前的自簽憑證還是被替換的憑證。
3. 第三方CA都會針對發行的憑證給予一些保固與服務，這部分是自簽沒有辦法擁有的
4. 愈來愈多的使用者會不太願意瀏覽與使用沒有合法且信任憑證的網站

作者提到 Kubernetes 內部雖然有一個 CA，但是不推薦把任何服務相關的憑證都跟其扯上關係，
因為該 CA 是給 Kubernetes 內部控制平面使用的，譬如 kubelet, API Server, Controller, Scheduler 等元件彼此溝通中間使用的。

文章最後作者示範透過 cfssl 的該指令幫一個內部服務創建一個憑證，由於內部服務會透過 Kubernetes Service 提供的 DNS 來存取，因此創建憑證時會於 CN 欄位補上 alternative 的名稱，把 service.svc.... 之類的全部都補上。

https://medium.com/avmconsulting-blog/how-to-secure-applications-on-kubernetes-ssl-tls-certificates-8f7f5751d788

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矽谷牛的耕田筆記

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目前工作內容主要以 DevOps 為主，本身是微軟 Cloud and Datacenter Management MVP，閒暇之餘會透過文章記錄所學，記錄於 https://www.hwchiu.com. 喜歡參加社群活動來學習不同的經驗，藉此增廣見聞 目前主要參加的社群是 CNTUG，偶而會參加線上 Meetup ，透過網路的方式分享一些心得，並且錄影分享於 Youtube 上
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openssl dns 1 在 Generate ssl certificates with Subject Alt Names on OSX - gists ... 的推薦與評價

DNS.1 = my-project.dev DNS.2 = www.my-project.dev DNS.3 = fr.my-project.dev ... openssl req -new -sha256 \ -out private.csr \ -key private.key \ -config ... ... <看更多>

openssl dns 1 在 使用OpenSSL 製作萬用字元SSL 憑證 - 黑暗執行緒 的推薦與評價

很久以前介紹過使用OpenSSL 建立CA 並簽發SSL 憑證， 相較於自我簽署憑證， ... subjectAltName = @alt_names [alt_names] DNS.1 = *.darkthread.net ... <看更多>

openssl dns 1 在 Provide subjectAltName to openssl directly on the command line 的推薦與評價

As of OpenSSL 1.1.1, providing subjectAltName directly on command line ... <(cat /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf <(printf "[SAN]\nsubjectAltName=DNS:example.com ... ... <看更多>

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#2. Working with OpenSSL and DNS alternative names - Oren ...

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#3. Generate ssl certificates with Subject Alt Names on OSX - gists ...

DNS.1 = my-project.dev DNS.2 = www.my-project.dev DNS.3 = fr.my-project.dev ... openssl req -new -sha256 \ -out private.csr \ -key private.key \ -config ...

#4. 使用OpenSSL 製作萬用字元SSL 憑證 - 黑暗執行緒

很久以前介紹過使用OpenSSL 建立CA 並簽發SSL 憑證， 相較於自我簽署憑證， ... subjectAltName = @alt_names [alt_names] DNS.1 = *.darkthread.net

#5. Provide subjectAltName to openssl directly on the command line

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#8. 用OpenSSL 自簽開發用HTTPS SSL 憑證

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#9. FAQ/subjectAltName (SAN) - CAcert Wiki

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#10. OpenSSL SAN 证书- Fantasy - 坚实的幻想

使用OpenSSL 制作一个包含SAN（Subject Alternative Name）的证书 ... [ alt_names ] DNS.1 = www.ustack.in DNS.2 = www.test.ustack.com.

#11. Know about SAN Certificate and How to Create With OpenSSL

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#12. How to Create a Self-Signed SAN Certificate Using OpenSSL ...

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#13. How can I generate a self-signed certificate with ...

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#14. OpenSSL CSR with Alternative Names one-line | End Point Dev

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#15. 一起幫忙解決難題，拯救IT 人的一天

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#19. 如何在openssl cli中指定subjectAltName？ - QA Stack

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#20. This manpage - OpenSSL

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#25. openssl_csr_new - Manual - PHP

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#26. Specifying Subject Alternative Names with OpenSSL - CERN ...

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1 ## 免互動式製作CA公鑰2 openssl req -sha256 -new -x509 -days 36500 ... Name: 23 DNS:zhangbook.com, DNS:*.zhangbook.com 24 Certificate is to ...

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#31. Chrome:不受信任的證書----openssl簽發帶Subject ... - 台部落

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#39. Generating a self-signed cert with openssl that works in ...

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#65. OpenSSL configuration examples - IBM

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#67. K3s Nats tls by openssl - KaiChu - KAI CHU CHUNG

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1. openssl req \. 2. -newkey rsa:4096 \ ... ]\nsubjectAltName='DNS.1:*.api-scispike.com,DNS.2:api.scispike.com,DNS.3:app.scispike.com'")) \.

#69. 使用openssl为ssl证书增加“使用者备用名称（DNS）” - 程序员 ...

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Create a configuration file openssl.cnf like the example ... [alt_names] DNS.1 = <your.domain.com>.

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（以下步骤亲测有效，遇到的坑也会在下文提到，望高手指教！） 1、安装OpenSSL. 本来准备直接放一个链接在这的， ...

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#73. Create a Self-Signed SAN(Subject Alternate Name) Certificate ...

Creating a self-signed certificate using OpenSSL fulfills basic in-house need for ... [alt_names] DNS.1 = host1.testdomain.com DNS.2 = host2.testdomain.com ...

#74. Fix 'Subject Alternative Name Missing ...

Command line arguments :: %1 - Root CA certificate name openssl ... DNS entries which will be used as the Subject Alternative Name (SAN).

#75. 筆記：使用OpenSSL 製作萬用字元SSL 憑證…一點心得 - 古毛曰

DNS.1 = *.168.coffee. 10.產生CRT憑證(168.coffee.crt) –> openssl x509 -req -in 168.coffee.csr -CA rootCA.crt -CAkey rootCA.key -CAcreateserial -out ...

#76. Security - Create self signed SAN certificate with OpenSSL

If more SAN names are needed, add more DNS lines in the [alt_names] section. Run OpenSSL command. The command generates the certificate (-out) ...

#77. OpenSSL 自签多域名或IP HTTPS证书 - 微视界俱乐部

生成证书请求文件对于一个通用的ssl证书请求文件（CSR），openssl不需要很多 ... [alt_names] DNS.1 = a.com DNS.2 = *.b.com DNS.3 = *.c.com IP.1 ...

#78. How to Create a Self-Signed SAN Certificate Using OpenSSL

... DNS.1 = www.company.net DNS.2 = company.com DNS.3 = company.net. 2. Generate a Self-Signed Certificate. openssl req -newkey rsa:2048 ...

#79. Chrome导入ca根证书后提示subject Alternative Name Missing ...

SHA-1 Certificate The certificate chain for this site contains a certificate signed using SHA-1. 解决方案：. 在利用openssl生成根证书的时候，加上 ...

#80. Using OpenSSL to Create Certificates - The Blinking Caret

-days is for specifying for how long the certificate authority's certificate should be valid. The default value is 1 month. Note that even ...

#81. [openssl-users] x509_config nameConstraints - Google Groups

nameConstraints so I adapted it for my setup. First I tried the following but that doesn't work. permitted;DNS.0=lan permitted;DNS.1=local

#82. Openssl Multi-Domain CSR erstellen – Thomas-Krenn-Wiki

... @alt_names [alt_names] DNS.1 = www.ihre-firma.de DNS.2 = ihre-firma.de DNS.3 = www.ihrefirma.de DNS.4 = ihrefirma.de.

#83. Fixing Chrome 58+ [missing_subjectAltName] with openssl ...

openssl genrsa -des3 -out ~/ssl/rootCA.key 2048 ... sudo openssl req -new -sha256 -nodes -out server.csr -newkey ... DNS.1 = localhost.

#84. Using OpenSSL's subjectAltName with Multiple Site Domains

Edit the file openssl.cnf , inserting the following line immediately ... DNS names that should be considered valid for new certificates.

#85. 附录-B-用于测试的OpenSSL服务器证书 - MongoDB中文手册

1. 使用以下内容为您的服务器创建一个测试配置文件 openssl-test-server.cnf ：. 1 ... 在该 [alt_names] 部分中，输入适合MongoDB服务器的DNS名称和/或IP地址。

#86. openssl.conf - Apple Open Source

openssl.conf [plain text] ... extension sections [altExt1] subjectAltName = DNS:localhost # 2+3: AltNames with multiple ... commonName = Common Name 1.

#87. How to generate a self-signed SSL certificate ... - StackGuides

The restrictions arise in two key areas: (1) trust anchors, and (2) DNS names. Modern browsers (like the warez we're using in 2014/2015) want a certificate ...

#88. Using OpenSSL to generate CSR's with Subject Alternative ...

Step 1 – Create an OpenSSL configuration file ... subjectAltName = @alt_names [alt_names] DNS.1 = prtg1.corp.netassured.co.uk DNS.2 ...

#89. 使用openssl为ssl证书增加“使用者备用名称（DNS）” - 跳墙网

使用openssl为ssl证书增加“使用者备用名称（DNS）” 为什么80%的码农都做不了 ... 注意括号前后的空格，DNS.x 的数量可以自己加[ alt_names ] DNS.1 ...

#90. Generate Self-Signed Certificates Overview - .NET - Microsoft ...

With dotnet dev-certs; With PowerShell; With OpenSSL ... and that there's appropriate SAN / DNS entries for contoso.com .

#91. Ssl: How can I generate a self-signed certificate ... - devpeace

I am trying to generate a self-signed certificate with OpenSSL with SubjectAltName ... [ alternate_names ] DNS.1 = example.com DNS.2 = www.example.com DNS.3 ...

#92. 如何使用OpenSSL生成具有SubjectAltName的自签名证书？[闭 ...

ssl; openssl; ssl-certificate; x509certificate; x509; 120; 1 ... [ alternate_names ] DNS.1 = example.com DNS.2 = www.example.com DNS.3 ...

#93. certificati:server:openssl [Area dei Servizi ICT - Documentation]

Creare un file di configurazione openssl.cnf possibilmente diverso da quello di ... altri nomi a dns per cui si vuole che il certificato sia valido: DNS.1 ...

#94. OpenSSL: Create CSR for certificate with additional Subject ...

Login into server where you have OpenSSL installed (or download it ... DNS.1 = sslcert.wesleygeelhoed.nl DNS.2 = dns2.com DNS.3 = dns3.com.

#95. Creating a SubjectAltName (SAN/UCC) CSR - langui.sh

... using the interactive prompt in OpenSSL so we'll need to make a conf: ... [alt_names] DNS.1 = test.domain.com DNS.2 = other.domain.com ...

#96. 【OpenSSL】SANでDNS情報を付与した証明書を作成する

Subject Alternative Nameは「サブジェクトの別名」という意味で通称SAN（またはSANs）。証明書の拡張領域に記載されるようです。 マルチドメインを1枚の ...

#97. Self-Signed SSL Certificates / OpenSSL Cheatsheet and Guide

Covers using OpenSSL in the CLI, as well as alternative tools. ... under which our DNS entries are stored (e.g. DNS.1 = localhost ).

#98. Using OpenSSL toolkit to create a CSR for Skype for Business ...

An alternative common way of creating a CSR is through the OpenSSL toolkit ... The SAN entries themselves are listed as DNS.1, DNS.2, DNS.3 and so on and ...