The Spring 2021 men's collection on.dior.com/menspring21 by Kim Jones represents an exploration of the meaning of 'Maison Dior' in its most literal sense. For Monsieur Dior, this meant both the public world of 30 Avenue Montaigne and the privacy of his Château de la Colle Noire refuge. This duality is expressed in a dialogue between couture heritage and the possibilities of Dior savoir-faire which results in refined but edgy sportswear, and traditional tailoring that has been subtly softened, in an equally relaxed and cool palette. The collection also sees the introduction of the 'Dior Oblique Galaxy', a new material effect with the House's iconic motif in precision-perforated leather with a reflective backing, featured on a host of covetable bags and leather goods.
同時也有1部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過2,820的網紅samguw,也在其Youtube影片中提到,Ever since I started this channel, I've always wanted to reach out to others through video. Now, I am starting a project, a 62 second short film proje...
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privacy meaning 在 元毓 Facebook 的最佳貼文
有經濟學好友引述知名聯邦巡迴法院法官R. Posner對隱私權與營業秘密的經濟概念類比:
「The most interesting question in privacy law is whether a person should have a right to conceal embarrassing facts about himself — for example that he is an ex-convict. ...... Should he be encouraged to deceive these people, by being given a right to sue anyone who unmasks his hidden “defects”? At least on economic grounds, the answer seems to be no. It would be different if what was “unmasked” was not an embarrassing fact but a superb dinner recipe. We would then be in the realm of the trade secret, broadly defined, and the case would be no different in principle from the theft of a secret formula by a commercial rival. Here secrecy is a method of enforcing an informal property right and encourages an investment in a socially valuable idea. Concealing discreditable facts about a private individual, a firm, or a product does not.」
正確來說,Posner在argue的是傳統common law對隱私權的處理。
我分幾點說:
1. 我並不認同Posner的經濟分析,因為privacy的權利本質與trade secret畢竟不同,前者與後者的收入也不同。前者在common law底下保護的收入更多是personality,後者則純粹是monetary income。
2. 傳統common law對privacy的保護是放在「侵權行為(tort)」底下,原則上公認的四種隱私權侵害態樣:
a. appropriation by defendant of plaintiff's picture or name for defendant's commercial advantages;
b. intrusion by the defendant upon plaintiff's affairs or seclusion;
c. publication by the defendant of facts placing the plaintiff in a false light; and
d. public disclosures of private facts about the plaintiff by the defendant
第一種就是所謂的肖像權,通常是把名人的照片或名字未經授權拿去從事商業行為。這種不是Posner談的狀況,但卻是落在純粹的金錢收入。
後面三種行為都要求"highly offensive to a reasonable person"或"actual malice",而且相較於其他侵權行為訴訟,這三種隱私權受侵害原告只需要證明「侵害行為存在」,並不需要證明「所受損害」即可成立。反之,營業秘密侵害並不要求"actual malice or highly offensive"之存在,僅需故意、重大過失或違背保密義務即可構成。但營業秘密,原則上是需要證明損害存在與損害額度。除了少數原告不能證明損害,由法官判斷。
這點差異之所以存在,我認為就是因為侵權行為法在處理隱私權受侵害本來就不是以「金錢收入」為基本考量點,而是以保護personality;但營業秘密則完全考量金錢收入,反而不考量原告的personality。
當然,personality是什麼沒有明確定義,在美國法體系下就是靠大量判決累積畫出邊界。
3. 這就回到Armen Alchian著名的「THE MEANING OF UTILITY MEASUREMENT」論文所提出的觀念:如果把personality看成經濟學上的一種utility,則經濟理論上關於量度我們只能做到對utility的偏好做排列,卻無從得出絕對數值。
這點就是我認為Posner犯錯的地方:privacy訴訟大部分情形下是武斷的utility判斷,無法像trade secret那樣有「可能市價」參考損失額度。
這一塊又是海耶克理論的進一步應用了 -- i.法院體系雖然不是市場交易體系,但處理糾紛賠償通常還是要引入外部市場價格作為參考,但;
ii.某些侵權行為損害額計算沒有市價可供引導,法官必須武斷地判斷,這肯定會存在非常高的訊息費用。
但反之,無法引入市價指引,不代表損害不存在,法律上可據此不給予保護。
全文連結:
https://tinyurl.com/v59pptz
privacy meaning 在 大詩人的寂寞投資筆記 Facebook 的最讚貼文
臉書居然是認真的,靠
「https://youtu.be/4zw-jpVFKMY
Libra 介紹影片,看完可以有個基本概念。」
Today, Facebook is coming together with 27 organizations around the world to start the non-profit Libra Association and create a new currency called Libra.
Libra's mission is to create a simple global financial infrastructure that empowers billions of people around the world. It's powered by blockchain technology and the plan is to launch it in 2020. You can read more about the association here: https://libra.org
Being able to use mobile money can have an important positive impact on people's lives because you don't have to always carry cash, which can be insecure, or pay extra fees for transfers. This is especially important for people who don't have access to traditional banks or financial services. Right now, there are around a billion people who don't have a bank account but do have a mobile phone.
We aspire to make it easy for everyone to send and receive money just like you use our apps to instantly share messages and photos. To enable this, Facebook is also launching an independent subsidiary called Calibra that will build services that let you send, spend and save Libra -- starting with a digital wallet that will be available in WhatsApp and Messenger and as a standalone app next year.
Calibra will be regulated like other payment service providers. Any information you share with Calibra will be kept separate from information you share on Facebook. From the beginning, Calibra will let you send Libra to almost anyone with a smartphone at low to no cost. Over time, we hope to offer more services for people and businesses -- like paying bills with the push of a button, buying coffee with the scan of a code, or riding local public transit without needing to carry cash or a metro pass.
In addition to our efforts, many other companies will build their own services using Libra -- from payment companies like Mastercard, PayPal, PayU, Stripe and Visa, to popular services like Booking, eBay, Farfetch, Lyft, Spotify and Uber, to non-profits doing important work around financial inclusion like Kiva, Mercy Corps and Women's World Banking, to companies in the crypto space like Anchorage, Coinbase, Xapo, and Bison Trails. A number of leading Venture firms are also joining to help drive innovation on the Libra network. We're hoping to have over 100 cofounding members of the Libra Association by the time the network launches next year.
All of this is built on blockchain technology. It's decentralized -- meaning it's run by many different organizations instead of just one, making the system fairer overall. It's available to anyone with an internet connection and has low fees and costs. And it's secured by cryptography which helps keep your money safe.
This is an important part of our vision for a privacy-focused social platform -- where you can interact in all the ways you'd want privately, from messaging to secure payments.
Privacy and safety will be built into every step. For example, Calibra will have a dedicated team of experts in risk management focused on preventing people from using Calibra for fraudulent purposes. We'll provide fraud protection so if you lose your Libra coins, we'll offer refunds. We also believe it's important for people to have choices, so you'll have the option to use many other third-party wallets on the Libra network.
There's still a lot more to learn and do before Libra will be ready to officially launch. We know it's a major undertaking and responsibility -- and we're committed to getting this right. We've been working with policymakers and experts in areas like financial inclusion, economics, security, privacy and blockchain, and we'll continue listening to their feedback as we figure out the best way to move forward. We're thankful for their partnership, and for all the businesses, organizations, and academic institutions that are part of the Libra Association.
This is the beginning of an exciting journey and I'm looking forward to sharing more soon.
privacy meaning 在 samguw Youtube 的精選貼文
Ever since I started this channel, I've always wanted to reach out to others through video. Now, I am starting a project, a 62 second short film project where once every two weeks, I will try to come up with a short film with the length of 62 seconds.
The focus of this project is to reach out to specifically youth.
Each short will either give a new perspective on something, make you laugh or even make you cry.
However the mood of the video, I wish to impart to the viewers something that could make the world a better place. To watch something with a meaning behind it and not for the sake of making videos.
Since this is a one man project, I would really hope to inspire some of you to help me such as acting, writing and camera work.
All this is without pay. Its not about the money, its about the future.
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This short is to remind people we might have easy access to people like Facebook and such but just remember where your boundaries are.
Respect privacy.
#mindyourownbusiness
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For business inquiries :
email : thesammojo@gmail.com
privacy meaning 在 Change video privacy settings - Computer - YouTube Help 的推薦與評價
Click the down arrow under "Visibility" and choose Public, Private, or Unlisted. Save. Watch how to change video privacy settings. Check out the following video ... ... <看更多>
privacy meaning 在 Privacy Meaning - YouTube 的推薦與評價
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