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public policy 在 Facebook 的最讚貼文

2021-09-27 23:44:06 有 107 人按讚

在昨日受臺灣公衛學生聯合會 FPHSA｜Taiwan 和中華民國藥學生聯合會PSA-Taiwan邀請
很榮幸在第二屆藥學公衛學生聯合學術研討會成為首場講者
題目著重在 #公衛師的發展

當然實質而言，推動公衛的工作不必然是公衛師
但是參考台大公衛學院陳保中教授對於公衛師的歸納

是希望能夠更能導正台灣過於注重末端治療與執行細節
前端不健康預防的專業視野是普遍缺乏的
更別說預防方案的評估、分析和推動

這在醫院機構感染管制、校園健康、職場安全、社區環境都需要建立這樣的角色
這也不是單純的管理、與收案管理的個管師也不同
而是需要具備基本的生物知識才有辦法做方案的規劃

我一直記得在非常久以前，有參加一場邀請各國職安專家的講座
其中有一位芬蘭的專家就說“Prevention and Promotion is the best policy“ (預防和促進是最佳策略)
因為把問題養大到下游再處理才是成本最大的

但是如果是既定的體制因素，把大家習慣養成為：
每個人都只扮演自己的角色、事前溝通不夠評估也不夠、最冤枉的是大家其實都沒有錯
那就顯然我們很注重事情後端執行面
在事情前端我們有缺乏一個恰當可以跟大家溝通的角色
除了問題養大、也會造成既定問題一而再、再而三重複發生

以健保為例，健保推動之初在政治上被視為社會福利
一度造成有些民眾的濫用，偏離實質上是社會保險的事實
要後來能導正民眾就醫行為和預防疾病，靠的是分級醫療計劃案和健康存摺的推動
新計劃的推動與依據結果一再修正，這勢必又會有大量的協調工作，這就是公衛的特色

大家對於公衛師的想像除了協助疫調工作
其實公衛本身與臨床不同，是以注重制度面、打組織戰作為推動健康的方式

在WHO有一個疫情後改善問題的guideline稱為After Action Review
AAR希望有領導者組隊將所列問題相關者彙整搜集意見後提出完整改善方案
所以大量的溝通、提出有效方案並且有明確的成效追蹤方法與預備修正機制
這很明顯就是Certified in Public Heath的工作
不必是主管或長官，有這相關技能與知識背景的都可以去做
更何況不同層級與單位，可能都會有突發要溝通處理的公共衛生問題

我想未來的第一屆公衛師是在這種期待下誕生
不必太擔心未來職涯規劃如何，持著持續學習與建立實質能力的心態
很快公衛師就會在找到最適當的位置發揮改變環境的功能，得到社會更大的支持

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public policy 在本土研究社 Liber Research Community Facebook 的最讚貼文

By 本土研究社 Liber Research Community

2021-09-15 23:19:58 有 250 人按讚

【渾水一片：還原香港海界爭議發展史】 (上篇) #都市化洋謀 #9月專研

過往在香港討論有關海洋邊界爭議，往往是香港以南的南海主權問題。事實上近年的焚船污染、明日大嶼、12人越洋、走私不斷等當下議題，都與海洋空間規劃、定界及海權問題有關，而香港早年殖民期的海界及海權作為各種海洋亂象之源，卻少有人深入探討。

翻查一系列關於香港水域爭議的英國解密檔案，整理過往殖民地時期有關香港「含糊」水域爭議的發展史，揭示牽涉複雜的海洋邊界政治，除了作為當時中英政治角力的前緣，亦有助我們了解現時香港水域範圍的歷史脈絡及源起。

一條海界　兩個表述

殖民地時期早年，香港的水域範圍一直未有公開確實的版本，亦引伸出有兩種不同的界線表述。

於20世紀初，根據《展拓香港界址專條》的香港地圖顯示，香港水域呈「方型」界線(square boundary )。根據一份關於新界邊界及現況的英國解密檔案(1962 CO 1030/1334 Status and boundaries of Hong Kong New Territories)，當時中方海關經常巡邏於以大嶼山以西大澳水域一帶(方型界線以外)，似乎更視其為中方水域。然而，早在1901年英方已有向港督提及，按照國際上的海洋慣例，一般領海 (normal territorial waters)寬度應為3海里 (three nautical miles)，因而，香港領海界線應呈現為「彎曲型」(sinuous)，比起「方形」範圍雖然多了大嶼山以西水域，同時卻損失了東南方一大片水域，作為最早期的香港水域範圍的兩個表述。

後續1911年修訂《釋義條例》(Interpretation Ordinance) 時，由於港督的錯誤公告字眼(wording of an incorrect Proclamation)，令到香港水域繼續被闡釋為方型。

而這個錯誤的公告去到1950年被修訂。英方於1950年重新檢視與領海相關的條例，表示若沿用1937年英方對於《釋義條例》的闡釋，地圖所顯示的「方形」界線，只是英方租用中方領土的一條分界線(merely a line of delimitation of the area within which all territory was leased) ，並不是租用香港3海里以外的水域範圍(this did not mean that there was a purported lease of any waters outside normal territorial waters)，可見，內部確立「彎曲型」的領海範圍。

參考一份1950年關於香港水域的英國解密檔案 (1950 CO 537 6036 Territorial water) 中的英方外交部內閣大臣Jim Griffiths跟港督的電報來往中顯示，因當時中日關係惡劣，為了保持當時英方中立 (neutral) 的立場。英方亦想盡量避免中日雙方於香港水域範圍發生衝突 (Jørgensen N. H. B., 2019)，早於1937年至1939年，英方曾經指示香港水域要跟隨國際慣例，將領海寬度收窄至3海里。無獨有偶，1950年修訂《釋義條例》，已有英方法律意見表示當時擔心如果國、共兩軍在新海界（彎曲型）及舊海界（方型）之間的位置發生衝突，將會造成英方外交上尷尬，要盡快修例避免尷尬事件。可見，英方變動水域邊界時明顯有其政治考量。

即使已修例，1952年當時國際法庭 (International Court of Justice) 有關英挪漁業案(Anglo Norwegian Fisheries case)的判決 (Jørgensen N. H. B., 2019)，提及使用哪種基線方式來劃定領海的爭議，促使香港律政司重提「方型」領海是否合法地代表香港水域，但建議被英方否決。其後在1958年，即使英國外交部再次表示「方型」範圍只是表示港英領土的一條分界線 (all land within the line thus shown is Hong Kong territory)，但同時亦保留方型界線，聲稱為免影響航空航線。

早年香港水域邊界一直未被確實，即使在法律層面上，英方內部確立「彎曲型」領海範圍的合法性。然而，其後英方一直未有公開與中國共產黨政權講述其水域範圍，或擔心會侵犯中國領海主權。可見，香港水域一直受到變動中的海緣政治影響，經常遊走在當時國際上認可海洋慣例(彎曲型)與中英簽訂的《展拓香港界址專條》(方型)之間。

中方圍堵香港水域的預言？

水域範圍、基線劃定的方法及國際航海權一直是國際外交上一個十分敏感的議題。香港作為英國殖民地，卻緊貼住中國的領海範圍，除了香港水域定界，船隻來往香港的航道亦一直是英方十分頭痛的問題，稍有不慎，就會有被冠上侵犯中國海權的「辱華」罪名。

中方於1958年第一次聯合國海洋法公約（United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea)，已經單方面將其領海範圍擴展至12海哩，英國宗主國當時內部表明會反對中方單方面的領海宣稱，擔心會發生圍堵香港水域的情況。

根據新界邊界及現況的英國解密檔案(1962 CO 1030/1334 Status and boundaries of Hong Kong New Territories)中的電報來往，當時港英內部評估，認為中方擴展領海將對香港造成「海陸空」影響，除了會收窄飛機的航道、需要重新佈線電纜和無線電纜、亦會限制海軍的演練空間，大大影響香港的船隻來往，來往公海的航道走廊更會收窄到1海里(corridor of international waters could be reduced to about one mile)，形容「接近完全圍封香港」 (almost completely envelope Hong Kong)。

隨著國際共識的改變，在1972年第三次聯合國海洋法會議前夕，英方亦打算將國土領海範圍的3海里擴展至12海里。翻查另一份1972年關於香港水域爭議的英國解密檔案 (1972 FCO 21 1024 Territorial waters dispute between China and Hong Kong)，當時英方內部考慮這次擴展海界，應否包括香港殖民地，並計劃在香港附近水域進行海道測量 (Hydrographic survey)，明顯想放風測試中方反應。

然而，根據英國外交部及港英的內部電報來往，英方雖然一度打算在翌年與中方在第三次聯合國海洋法會議上提及香港殖民地水域擴展，但英方內部亦指出中方定會反對香港的水域擴展至12海里，除了因為香港擴展會跟中國水域重疊，中國亦一直視香港為固有領土，不可視香港為獨立的行政個體 (separate entity)，應該維持現狀，限制今次香港擴海界。

呼應早期50年代有關中方圍堵香港水域的擔憂，英方擔心如果掀起討論，更有可能令香港航道問題惡化 (a risk that any such discussion would vitiate the present adequate though limited freedom of passage)。按英國外交部理解，中方只不過默許船隻在不進入擔桿列島5海哩範圍的前提下進入香港；如果中國「執正嚟做」嚴格實踐其12海里的主權宣稱，則連博寮海峽都不能通行 (a 12 mile limit strictly adhered to in this area would make normal surface access to Hong Kong through the Lemma Channel impossible)。最後，英方外交部為免觸動到中方神經，加上「信唔過」中方 (their good will… cannot be relied on a year ahead)，建議的對策卻是避免「打草驚蛇」(let sleeping dogs lie)，絕口不提香港擴海界。

直到1987年，英國正式將水域擴展到12海哩，但香港並沒有納入被擴展的範圍。在香港前途談判過程中，亦未有正式提及香港水域擴展12海里一事(Jørgensen N. H. B., 2019)。可見，面對中方進取的領海主權宣稱，英方在香港水域邊界問題上，尤其顯得無力。

香港「渾水」邊界的潛規則

面對中國擴海界後將會圍堵香港的擔憂，根據一份有關香港水域及其爭議的英國解密檔案(1968 FCO 21 547 Dispute with China about territorial waters)，當中牽涉中英雙方就香港海界爭議鮮為人知的權宜之計(modus vivendi)。

事緣1968年一艘美國貨船於萬山群島近珠江口一帶(Lema Channel in the estuary of the Pearl River)被中方海軍的警告已入侵中方水域，檔案中有一份美國國務院情報與研究局官員Thoms L. Hughes事後對中國共產黨於香港鄰近水域的主權宣稱(Communist assertions of sovereignty over waters in the vicinity of Hong Kong)進行一份內部評估報告，提到中方不時會「放生」來往香港的商船。

於50年代初，船隻可以經萬山群島近珠江口一帶接近香港水域，可謂當時的潛規則（local ground rule)。然而，在中方宣稱12海里領海後，於1959年曾發出達20次警告，外國商船透過萬山群島近珠江口一帶接近香港期間入侵中方水域，並禁止一切外國船隻通往萬山群島近珠江口一帶，評估報告中亦提及多次美國商船及軍艦通往香港遇上中國海軍的事件。

然而，中方不但少有採取實際軍事行動，多是「口頭」表示抗議及警告外國船隻侵犯中國水域，更沒有對外公開批評數次入侵事件。就以上例子，美方評估中國當時並不是新的「強硬路線」宣示領海主權(new harder line from Peking)，只是由於過多船隻進入萬山群島內沿而作出的回應(is a reaction to an increasing number of passages through the interior Lema Channel)[萬山群島內沿被中國視為內海]。

而當時美方估計中方「放生」的動機，很可能取決於政經考量，其一為不想失去香港作為(kill the goose)來往外國商船主要來往中國的航道，以及香港為中國帶來的外匯，而另一原因則是避免發生中國海軍與美國軍艦於海上起衝突。

此外，除了英方一直未有公佈香港水域邊界，中方一直並未有公開宣稱香港以西南的珠江通道12海里的精準劃界(public silence regarding the exact limits of its claim)。中英雙方基於政治考量，對於香港水域劃界及航道，更被美方稱靈活的實用主義(flexible pragmatism)。

而美方認為英方亦知悉船隻來往香港的「後路」，根據一份英方未被公開的非正式文件( informal note)顯示，除了船隻背後的註冊國家將成為影響進入香港的政治因素，英方更提及最合適的接近香港水域的航道，是經萬山群島以南以及擔桿頭島五海里以外(keep to the south of the Lima Group and five miles or more off Tam kan Head)，港英政府早於五十年代，已廣傳這份文件到商船公司及中方，有共識地默許外國船隻經香港東南方水域，作為當時來往香港的「後路」。

可見，比起香港陸上的邊界，早期香港水域由定界、擴界到圍堵，可謂「渾水一片」。而當中牽涉複雜的海緣政治，亦顯示香港水域並非一條確確實實的邊界範圍，反而是中英雙方的妥協空間。而後來香港水域邊界將如何落實為現時版本？當中牽涉多少談判？而所引伸的一系列有關領海執法權以至政府管轄權的問題，將揭示香港水域日後跨境執法以至逃犯移交的爭議。(下集待續)

參考資料

Jørgensen, N. H. B. (2019). The (Unequal) Relationship between Hong Kong’s Waters and China’s Baselines. Asia-Pacific Journal of Ocean Law and Policy, 4(1), 1–27.

1950 CO 537/6036 Territorial water

1962 CO 1030/1334 Status and boundaries of Hong Kong New Territories

1968 FCO 21/547 Dispute with China about territorial waters

1972 FCO 21/1024 Territorial waters dispute between China and Hong Kong

1974 FCO 18/154 Hong Kong territorial waters

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public policy 在 Facebook 的最佳解答

2021-09-15 17:36:08 有 8 人按讚

Congratulations!

HKU and Facebook jointly launch “Tech for Good Initiative” to strengthen public policy research and teaching on new technologies

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By Ghost Island Media 鬼島之音

2021-02-17 21:00:11 有 47 人看過有 0 人喜歡

We’re back at the American Association for the Advancement of Sciences (AAAS) for a second year! This time, Nature N8 chats with Representative Dr. Jasmine Clark of Georgia.
Dr. Clark is a microbiologist who organized the March for Science in Atlanta and was part of the following wave of scientists that ran for office in the United States.
N8 and Dr. Clark discuss Georgia’s challenges in diversifying its energy portfolio, public transportation and infrastructure, and what it actually means to bring scientific expertise into law-making.
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public policy 在豐富 Youtube 的最佳貼文

By 豐富

2021-01-06 12:30:01 有 3,715 人看過有 98 人喜歡

主持人：陳鳳馨
來賓：丁學文
主題：一週國際經濟趨勢
(1)《經濟學人》全球版本封面故事：The online boom 談全球電子商務熱潮的中國元素
(2)《經濟學人》歐洲版本封面故事：Foreign policy after Brexit 脫歐後的外交政策
(3)《經濟學人》緒論：Public investment 談全球基礎建設大浪潮的前因後果
(4)《經濟學人》自由廣場：A bug problem 談螞蟻集團到底應該怎麼處理？

節目時間：週一至週五 07:00-09:00am
本集播出日期：2021.01.06

#陳鳳馨 #TheEconomist #一週國際經濟趨勢

🔔 圖片取自：The Economist
https://www.economist.com/weeklyedition/2021-01-02

📣 更多 #財經起床號專題影音：https://bit.ly/2QvBR55

-----
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陳鳳馨 TheEconomist 一週國際經濟趨勢財經起床號

豐富

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讓你的人生更豐富。 ? 【聽，阮大哥的！】：週一 16:00 ? 【東南西北龍鳳配】：週二 14:00 ? 【郝哥講理財】：週三 14:00 ? 【夏午四點】：週四 16:00 ? 【大成小館】：週五 21:00 訂閱【豐富】YouTube頻道：https://www.youtube.com/c/豐富按讚【豐富】FB：https://www.facebook.com/RicherChannel

public policy 在志祺七七 X 圖文不符 Youtube 的精選貼文

By 志祺七七 X 圖文不符

2020-11-29 19:00:21 有 87,215 人看過有 2,515 人喜歡

✔︎ 成為七七會員（幫助我們繼續日更，並享有會員專屬福利）：https://bit.ly/3eYdLKp
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✔︎ 如果不便加入會員，也可從這裡贊助我們：https://bit.ly/support-shasha77
（請記得在贊助頁面留下您的email，以便我們寄送發票。若遇到金流問題，麻煩請聯繫：service@simpleinfo.cc）

＃牛奶＃優越感
重點：
00:00 前導
01:39 右翼人士與牛奶的關聯
03:19 能喝牛奶的人種比較優秀？！
04:43 我們原本都有乳糖不耐
05:30 考古研究的證據是？
07:03 牛奶何時成為餐桌常客？
08:39 牛奶普及帶來的各種問題
10:06 我們的觀點
11:03 提問
10:44 結尾

【製作團隊】

｜企劃：蛋糕說話時屑屑請閉嘴
｜腳本：蛋糕說話時屑屑請閉嘴
｜編輯：土龍
｜剪輯後製：Pookie
｜剪輯助理：歆雅、珊珊
｜演出：志祺

——

【本集參考資料】

→人類也會被馴化？從乳糖不耐症，看人類基因的轉變——《祖先的故事》：https://bit.ly/37j9DCu
→牛奶：新納粹的象徵：https://bit.ly/2Vaoaed
→考古探密：奶與蜜： https://bit.ly/39pWxpM
→乳糖不耐症的亞洲人為什麼特別多？從喝牛奶的歷史談起：https://bit.ly/2KQEgrH
→乳糖不耐症怎麼辦？如何改善與治療？專家圖文完整教學：https://bit.ly/2Jj5Ixh
→為何牛奶會讓人「小時好好，長大拉拉」？乳糖不耐和基因調控──《生命如何創新》：https://bit.ly/3ljzsqZ
→德國青銅時代的戰士們，大多乳糖不耐：https://bit.ly/3mjibzQ
→衛生福利部國民健康署：https://bit.ly/2VaoyJH
→Alkon, A. H., & Agyeman, J. (Eds.). (2011). Cultivating food justice: Race, class, and sustainability. MIT press.
→Archaeology: The milk revolution：https://go.nature.com/2JpUwza
→Are the US Dietary Guidelines on Milk Racist?：https://bit.ly/39n41K8
→Bertron, P., Barnard, N. D., & Mills, M. (1999). Racial bias in federal nutrition policy, Part I: The public health implications of variations in lactase persistence. Journal of the National Medical Association, 91(3), 151–157.
→Cohen, M., & Otomo, Y. (Eds.). (2017). Making Milk: The Past, Present and Future of Our Primary Food. Bloomsbury Publishing.
→Doctor Explains Why Pro-Dairy USDA Dietary Guidelines Are Racist：https://bit.ly/3fMvaaz
→Dupuis, E. (2002). Nature's Perfect Food: How Milk Became America's Drink. New York; London: NYU Press. Retrieved November 12, 2020, from：http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qfmj5
→Freeman, A. (2013). The unbearable whiteness of milk: Food oppression and the USDA. UC Irvine L. Rev., 3, 1251.
→Got milk? How lactose tolerance influenced economic development：https://to.pbs.org/36eEAIP
→Got Milk? Neo-Nazi Trolls Sure as Hell Do：https://bit.ly/39sODMB
→Got Nazis? Milk Is New Symbol Of Racial Purity For White Nationalists：https://bit.ly/2JiNigi
→How the alt-right uses milk to promote white supremacy：https://bit.ly/3fKh8Gl
→Is milk healthy? Canada's new food guide says not necessarily：https://bbc.in/3o1aNtc
→McClure SB, Magill C, Podrug E, Moore AMT, Harper TK, Culleton BJ, et al. (2018) Fatty acid specific δ13C values reveal earliest Mediterranean cheese production 7,200 years ago. PLoS ONE 13(9): e0202807. ：https://bit.ly/3q7rPb0
→Milk, a symbol of neo-Nazi hate：https://bit.ly/2J7iNKB
→Miller, Alex. ‘White Power Milk: Art, Or Real, Or Advertising?’ VICE. 1 June 2011.
→Neolithic Europeans were lactose intolerant：https://bit.ly/3lfIHJ5
→No use crying：The ability to digest milk may explain how Europe got rich：https://econ.st/39sOIQp
→Smith, Jack. ‘Milk is the New Creamy Symbol of White Racial Purity in Donald Trump’s America.’ Mic Magazine.
→Stănescu, V. (2018). White Power Milk’: Milk, Dietary Racism, and the ‘Alt-Right. Animal Studies Journal, 7(2), 103-128.
→The Troubling Link Between Milk And Racism：https://bit.ly/39nF1CM
→Valenze, D. (2011). Milk: a local and global history. Yale University Press.
→Why humans have evolved to drink milk：https://bbc.in/39o7ckH
→WHY IS MILK BEING CALLED A WHITE SUPREMACIST SYMBOL?：https://bit.ly/33nN2Uo
→Why White Supremacists Are Chugging Milk (and Why Geneticists Are Alarmed)：https://nyti.ms/3fIt7nT
→Wiley, A. S. (2007). Transforming milk in a global economy. American Anthropologist, 109(4), 666-677.
→Wiley, A. S. (2015). Re-imagining milk: Cultural and biological perspectives. Routledge.

【延伸閱讀】

→臺灣乳牛與飲乳文化：https://bit.ly/36cd5Qc

＼每週７天，每天７點，每次７分鐘，和我們一起了解更多有趣的生活議題吧！／

🥁七七仔們如果想寄東西關懷七七團隊與志祺，傳送門如下：
106台北市大安區羅斯福路二段111號8樓

🟢如有業務需求，請洽：hi77@simpleinfo.cc
🔴如果影片內容有誤，歡迎來信勘誤：hey77@simpleinfo.cc

牛奶優越感

志祺七七 X 圖文不符

About author

Hiho 大家好，我是志祺。你現在收看的是志祺七七， 365 天不斷更的時事議題評論型頻道！在這裡，你會看到⋯⋯ ? // 即時議題・堅持每日發片的時事分析 // 遇到各種議題的時候，社會上總是充滿對立。常常不同立場之間，只剩下謾罵，無法互相溝通、討論。志祺七七，剖析不同立場觀點，能讓關心社會上重要議題、擔心立場極化的你，了解不同立場的不同想法。 ? // 多元議題・不同立場都說讚 ? // 人權、同婚、兩岸關係、中美貿易戰、能源議題、政治評論... 志祺七七不畏懼各種敏感議題，全盤呈現多樣化主題與觀點。同時，也獲得不同政治立場的一致好評！成為台灣唯一訪問過蔡英文、郭台銘、韓國瑜、朱立倫等一線政治人物的新世代時事評論員 ✨ 　　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ?　探索世界・現在就開啟右上角鈴鐺訂閱志祺七七吧　? 　　￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣ ? 如果你想與志祺七七合作，歡迎寫信到：[email protected] 與我們聯繫【關於團隊】 YouTube ｜志祺七七｜是由台灣最強資訊設計團隊「圖文不符」所開發策劃，融鑄多年議題設計經驗，由團隊共同創辦人張志祺作為節目主持人，以時下最熱門的 YouTube 影音頻道形式做呈現。 FaceBook｜圖文不符｜推出台灣第一個製作時事議題懶人包的團隊，被譽為懶人包始祖，在 FB 上創造總瀏覽量超過三千萬人次。現正活躍於台灣在地文化採集與設計轉譯，期望將更多關於台灣、關於生活、關於土地的知識帶給社會大眾，期望透過設計帶來更好的內容環境。定期籌備大型議題策劃，喜歡精緻細膩的設計作品，閱讀台灣之美的你不可錯過。圖文不符 FB 專頁：www.facebook.com/simpleinfo Our Brand｜簡訊設計｜是我們成立的商業設計品牌，橫跨議題—設計—行銷，服務涵蓋社群內容經營、網站設計、動畫設計與整合行銷專案。曾獲 2 座德國紅點 Best of the Best 大獎。合作洽談請至：[email protected] - 贊助志祺七七，讓我們可以走得更久更遠：https://bit.ly/support-shasha77 如有遇到金流問題，麻煩請聯繫：[email protected]

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Programs We Offer · Undergraduate. The Sanford School of Public Policy is a vibrant, dynamic community of thinkers and doers who are dedicated to leaving the ...

#72. Public Policy Archives | Meta - Facebook

Public Policy. Filter News. Recent News. All Stories. Categories. Facebook app. Messenger Instagram WhatsApp. Workplace

#73. Introduction to Public Policy - CSULB

Public policy is whatever governments choose to do or not do; it can be seen in the behavior of government officials and agencies; it defines the relationship ...

#74. Department of Engineering and Public Policy - Carnegie ...

The Department of Engineering and Public Policy (EPP) at Carnegie Mellon University is a unique department that works to solve problems at the interface of ...

#75. Public Policy and Law - Agricultural & Consumer Economics

Public Policy and Law. Program requirements Sample curriculum. Students in this concentration become experts in the economics of public policy in general and in ...

#76. Public Policy | Google Blog - The Keyword

Read the latest about technology policy issues. ... All the Latest. Dec 10 / Public Policy. How to sustain a safe, thriving app and game ecosystem.

#77. Political Science / Government Information - Jean and ...

Public Policy Issues and Groups ... Selective depository for federal government publications since 1884 and United Nations depository since 1946 ...

#78. Welcome | School of Public Policy

Developing Policy Leaders for Our Technology-Driven World. Situated within one of the world's premier technological universities, the Georgia Tech School of ...

#79. Overview Of Public Policy: The Public And Its Policies - Oxford ...

Ruling is an assertion of the will, an attempt to exercise control, to shape the world. Public policies are instruments of this assertive ambition, and policy ...

#80. Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy

As a part of NUS, the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy educates and trains the next generation of Asian policy-makers and leaders.

#81. Center for Women in Politics and Public Policy - UMass Boston

CWPPP promotes women's political leadership through its intersectional graduate programs, policy research and initiatives, and public forums.

#82. AARP Public Policy Institute, PPI

Public Policy Institute leads policy research, analysis and development at AARP. Read reports about economic security, health care, and quality of life.

#83. Public Policy and its Features - Toppr

Public policy is said to be a combination of laws, regulations, actions, policies and a lot of other factors concerning a given topic. Such public policies of a ...

#84. Government Policy - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Public policy is a set of decisions by governments and other political actors to influence, change, or frame a problem or issue that has been recognized as ...

#85. Oregon Center for Public Policy

The Oregon Center for Public Policy (OCPP) uses research and analysis to advance policies and practices that improve the economic and social opportunities ...

#86. Master of Public Policy and Management - The University of ...

The Master of Public Policy and Management is the premier degree of its kind in Australia which teaches the demands of complex public policy-making.

#87. School of Public Policy (SPP) | UMass Amherst

The School of Public Policy (SPP) is the hub of interdisciplinary public policy research, teaching and engagement at the University of Massachusetts Amherst ...

#88. Penn State's School of Public Policy — developing the next ...

The School of Public Policy in Penn State's College of the Liberal Arts brings together expertise from across the University to educate the next generation ...

#89. Public Policy - Hamilton College Areas of Study

About the Major. Government majors focus on the process of decision-making, while public policy majors focus on outcomes, from massive programs such as Medicare ...

#90. Home | Frank Batten School of Leadership and Public Policy ...

Our Master of Public Policy degree offers more than the typical policy research and data analysis education found at other public policy schools. We focus on ...

#91. Intel Public Policy

Intel Public Policy. Intel works with governments, organizations and industries around the world to advocate policies that encourage new ideas, promote fair ...

#92. Trust and Public Policy - OECD

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#93. Public Policy Institute : Indiana University

We help leaders make smart decisions. Learn how our research and analysis will show you the way.

#94. School of Public Policy and Urban Affairs - College of Social ...

Our Urban Affairs and Public Policy Programs drive interdisciplinary thinking and problem solving on issues of pressing concern to society.

#95. Examples of Public Policy

What is public policy? Public policy refers to laws and other actions of a government, including its funding priorities. It encompasses the regulations that ...

#96. Master of Public Policy - ANU - Programs and Courses

Master of Public Policy. A single two year graduate degree offered by the ANU College of Asia and the Pacific. MPP. Academic Year 2021.

#97. Public Policy | Political Science - Boston University

Public Policy. CAS PO 309 Women and Politics Readings, discussion, and field research on issues of women's relationship to the processes of political ...

#98. Criminology & Public Policy - Wiley Online Library

Criminology & Public Policy is devoted to the study of criminal justice policy and practice. The journal's central objective is to strengthen the role of ...

#99. Public Policy Ph.D. Program - University of Arkansas

Located in the Graduate School, our Public Policy Ph.D. program draws upon the strength of many academic departments and disciplines to meet its education, ...

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