關於 rap history ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

ใครคิดค้น #แฮชแท็ก เครื่องหมายสำคัญของโลก /โดย ลงทุนแมน
สมัยก่อน ถ้านึกถึงเครื่องหมาย # ในชีวิตประจำวันเรา
เครื่องหมายดังกล่าวคงเป็นเพียงปุ่มบนโทรศัพท์มือถือ

แต่ในปัจจุบันเครื่องหมาย # หรือที่เรียกกันว่า “แฮชแท็ก” สามารถพบเห็นได้ทั่วไปบนแพลตฟอร์มโซเชียลมีเดีย อย่างเช่น Instagram, Facebook และ TikTok รวมทั้งยังเป็นฟีเชอร์หลักของ Twitter

นอกจากนั้นเครื่องหมายแฮชแท็กยังถูกใช้อย่างแพร่หลายจนออกไปสู่นอกโลกอินเทอร์เน็ต เช่น การนำไปเป็นแคมเปนการตลาดอีกด้วย

แล้วเราเคยสงสัยหรือไม่ว่าใครกันเป็นคนคิดแฮชแท็ก
มันถูกนำมาใช้บนโซเชียลมีเดียครั้งแรกเมื่อไหร่
และมันสามารถเปลี่ยนแปลงโลกอินเทอร์เน็ตไปได้อย่างไรบ้าง ?
#ลงทุนแมนจะเล่าให้ฟัง
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Blockdit เป็นแพลตฟอร์ม สำหรับนักอ่าน และนักเขียน
ที่มีผู้ใช้งาน 1 ล้านคน ลองใช้แพลตฟอร์มนี้เพื่อได้ไอเดียใหม่ๆ
แล้วอาจพบว่าสังคมนี้เหมาะกับคนเช่นคุณ
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ย้อนกลับไปเมื่อ 14 ปีก่อน หรือในปี 2007 แพลตฟอร์มโซเชียลมีเดียที่ชื่อว่า Twitter เพิ่งเริ่มเปิดตัวไปได้ไม่นาน ซึ่งทางผู้พัฒนาได้เริ่มให้ผู้คนที่อยู่ในละแวกเดียวกัน นั่นก็คือที่ซิลิคอนแวลลีย์ เมืองซานฟรานซิสโก ประเทศสหรัฐอเมริกา เริ่มทดลองใช้แพลตฟอร์มนี้เป็นกลุ่มแรก

หนึ่งในนั้นก็คือคุณ “Christopher Reaves Messina” ซึ่งในขณะนั้นมีอายุ 26 ปี และทำงานด้านการออกแบบผลิตภัณฑ์และเป็นที่ปรึกษาด้านอินเทอร์เน็ต อยู่ที่ซิลิคอนแวลลีย์

เขามองว่าสิ่งสำคัญที่ Twitter ยังขาดอยู่ก็คือ ไม่มีการจัดหมวดหมู่ของข้อความที่เป็นประเด็นเดียวกัน
จึงทำให้การพูดคุยแบบกลุ่มหรือการค้นหาเรื่องราวตามความสนใจในแต่ละประเด็นทำได้ยาก

ด้วยความที่ Messina คุ้นเคยกับระบบแช็ตออนไลน์อยู่แล้ว เขาจึงนึกถึงการใช้เครื่องหมาย # ที่ใช้กันมาตั้งแต่ปี 1988 ในระบบแช็ตบนอินเทอร์เน็ต ที่เรียกว่า Internet Relay Chat หรือ IRC ซึ่งคล้ายกับ MSN ที่หลายคนน่าจะคุ้นเคย

การใช้งานเครื่องหมาย # บนระบบ IRC คือการใช้พิมพ์นำหน้าคำหรือวลีที่เป็นหัวข้อสนทนา
เขาเลยเกิดไอเดียว่าน่าจะนำเครื่องหมาย # มาใช้จัดหมวดหมู่ประเด็นการพูดคุยใน Twitter บ้าง

โดยสิ่งที่พิมพ์อยู่หลังเครื่องหมาย # จะทำให้สามารถคลิกเข้าไปได้และจะนำไปสู่คลังข้อความที่โพสต์โดยใครก็ตามที่พิมพ์ # แล้วตามด้วยคำคีย์เวิร์ดเดียวกัน

ที่สำคัญก็คือนอกจากด้านการเป็นผู้ติดตามประเด็นต่าง ๆ แล้ว
ประโยชน์ของเครื่องหมาย # ยังทำให้ผู้ใช้งาน Twitter ทุกคนเป็นผู้สร้างประเด็นขึ้นมาได้ด้วยตัวเอง

Messina จึงเขียนอธิบายไอเดียทั้งหมดของเขา แล้วนำไอเดียนี้ไปเสนอที่สำนักงานของ Twitter ซึ่งในตอนนั้นยังเป็นออฟฟิศขนาดเล็กที่ไม่มีแม้แต่ผู้ดูแลตรงประตูทางเข้า ทำให้เขาเดินเข้าไปได้เลย และได้เจอกับ Biz Stone หนึ่งในผู้ร่วมก่อตั้ง Twitter

Stone รับฟังไอเดียที่ Messina นำเสนอแบบผ่าน ๆ และบอกเขาว่า มันดูเนิร์ดเกินไป ไม่มีทางได้รับความนิยมหรอก

แม้ว่าไอเดียของเขาจะถูกปฏิเสธ แต่ Messina ยังเชื่อว่าการจัดกลุ่มประเด็นสนทนาเป็นสิ่งที่ Twitter ควรมี

เขาเลยลองทวีตถามผู้ใช้งาน Twitter เมื่อวันที่ 23 สิงหาคม ปี 2007 ว่า
"how do you feel about using # (pound) for groups. As in #barcamp [msg]?"

หรือก็คือ คิดเห็นอย่างไรกับการใช้เครื่องหมาย # สำหรับการจัดกลุ่มประเด็นสนทนาแบบใน BarCamp ซึ่งเป็นชื่อของแพลตฟอร์มแช็ตออนไลน์

อีก 3 วันถัดมา Stowe Boyd ผู้เป็นบล็อกเกอร์ที่มีชื่อเสียงในวงการเทคโนโลยีอยู่แล้ว
ได้เขียนบทความที่ชื่อว่า “Hash Tags = Twitter Grouping” ซึ่งอธิบายการใช้เครื่องหมาย # ใน Twitter ของ Messina โดยคำว่า Hash ก็มาจากชื่อเรียกเครื่องหมาย # ของคนอังกฤษและเหล่าโปรแกรมเมอร์

นั่นจึงทำให้เครื่องหมาย # ที่ใช้ใน Twitter มีชื่อเรียกว่าแฮชแท็กตั้งแต่นั้นเป็นต้นมา และวันที่ 23 สิงหาคม ปี 2007 ได้กลายเป็นวันเกิดของแฮชแท็ก โดยมี #barcamp เป็นแฮชแท็กแรกของโลก

2 เดือนถัดมา แฮชแท็กได้ถูกใช้อย่างแพร่หลายเป็นครั้งแรก และในเดือนตุลาคม ปีเดียวกันนั้นเอง
ก็ได้เกิดเหตุการณ์ไฟป่าที่เมืองซานดิเอโก เพื่อนของ Messina ได้ใช้ Twitter เพื่อโพสต์ข้อความอัปเดตสถานการณ์ เขาเลยบอกเพื่อนให้ลองใช้แฮชแท็ก #sandiegofire

หลังจากทวีตข้อความที่มีแฮชแท็กไป ก็มีผู้ใช้งาน Twitter เริ่มใช้แฮชแท็กนี้ตามกันมากมาย จนกลายเป็นประเด็นสนทนาที่มีผู้ร่วมพูดคุยเป็นวงกว้าง ทั้งเพื่อติดตามและช่วยกันอัปเดตสถานการณ์ไฟป่าที่กำลังเกิดขึ้น

และนั่นก็เป็นครั้งแรกที่แสดงให้ผู้พัฒนา Twitter เห็นถึงความสำคัญของการจัดกลุ่มประเด็นสนทนา เพราะเป็นสิ่งสำคัญที่ช่วยเชื่อมโยงผู้ใช้งานทั้งหมดบนแพลตฟอร์มเข้าด้วยกันได้

หลังจากนั้นการใช้แฮชแท็กใน Twitter ก็ได้รับความนิยมเพิ่มขึ้นเรื่อย ๆ จน 2 ปีถัดมา หรือในปี 2009 Twitter ได้เพิ่มทางเลือกในการเซิร์ชด้วยแฮชแท็กเข้าไปอย่างเป็นทางการ

และในปีถัดมา Twitter ก็ได้เริ่มจัดทำ Trending Topics ซึ่งแสดงแฮชแท็กหรือคำที่ถูกพูดถึงมากที่สุดแบบเรียลไทม์

จากความสำเร็จของแฮชแท็กบน Twitter แพลตฟอร์มอื่นอย่างเช่น Instagram จึงเริ่มพัฒนาระบบแฮชแท็กมาตั้งแต่วันที่เปิดตัวแอปพลิเคชันในปี 2010 และตามมาด้วย Facebook ที่เริ่มให้ผู้ใช้งานใช้แฮชแท็กได้ในปี 2013

หลังจากนั้นการใช้แฮชแท็กก็กลายเป็นสิ่งที่มีอยู่ทั่วไปบนโลกอินเทอร์เน็ต
โดยในแต่ละวันมีแฮชแท็กเกิดขึ้นใหม่ทั่วโลกกว่าร้อยล้านแฮชแท็ก

แล้วถ้าถามว่าการคิดค้นแฮชแท็ก จนถูกใช้อย่างแพร่หลายไปทั่วโลกมาตลอด 14 ปี
ทำเงินให้ Messina ไปได้มากขนาดไหน ?

คำตอบก็คือ 0 บาท

ซึ่งนั่นก็เป็นความตั้งใจของ Messina ที่ไม่คิดจะจดสิทธิบัตรแฮชแท็ก
ทั้งที่ความจริงแล้วเขาสามารถจดสิทธิบัตรเพื่อรับเงินจำนวนมหาศาลได้

เพราะเขาไม่ได้คิดแฮชแท็กขึ้นมาเพื่อ Twitter หรือแพลตฟอร์มใดแพลตฟอร์มหนึ่งโดยเฉพาะ แต่ต้องการให้เครื่องหมายและการใช้งานรูปแบบนี้ เป็นของใครก็ตามที่ใช้งานอินเทอร์เน็ต ไม่ควรมีใครคนใดคนหนึ่งเป็นเจ้าของ ซึ่งเขายังคงรู้สึกดีใจทุกครั้งว่าสิ่งที่เขาคิดขึ้นมา ถูกนำไปใช้ต่อโดยผู้คนมากมาย

แม้ว่าผู้ที่คิดค้นแฮชแท็กจะไม่ได้รับผลตอบแทนในรูปของเงิน แต่การใช้แฮชแท็กกลับสามารถสร้างมูลค่าให้กับกลุ่มคนอื่น ๆ รวมไปถึงสังคมได้มากมาย

ไม่ว่าจะเป็นการนำแฮชแท็กไปใช้เป็นเครื่องมือในการทำการตลาด อย่างการใช้แฮชแท็กเพื่อสร้างกระแสบนโลกโซเชียลในวันเปิดตัวสินค้า เช่น #นี่มาแน่ ของการเปิดตัว Disney+ Hotstar ในประเทศไทย หรือการใช้แฮชแท็กเพื่อประชาสัมพันธ์กิจกรรมทางการตลาด เช่น #Lazada77 แจกคูปองช้อปกระจาย ของ Lazada

ที่มากกว่านั้นก็คือ แฮชแท็กยังเป็นเครื่องมือที่มีบทบาทสำคัญในการขับเคลื่อนสังคม ยกตัวอย่างเช่น

#MeToo ที่ร่วมกันรณรงค์ให้ยุติการคุกคามทางเพศ
#BlackLivesMatter ที่ร่วมกันรณรงค์ให้ยุติการเหยียดสีผิว
#StopAsianHate ที่ร่วมกันรณรงค์ให้ยุติความเกลียดชังต่อชาวเอเชีย รวมถึงยุติการเหยียดเชื้อชาติ

ซึ่งประเด็นเหล่านี้ก็ไม่ได้เป็นเพียงการรณรงค์ที่เกิดขึ้นเฉพาะกลุ่มคนหรือในประเทศใดประเทศหนึ่ง
แต่ถูกหยิบยกมาเป็นประเด็นที่มีผู้ร่วมแสดงความคิดเห็นและช่วยกันขับเคลื่อนในระดับโลก

ถึงตรงนี้ ก็คงไม่มีใครคาดคิดว่าต้นกำเนิดของแฮชแท็กจะเกิดขึ้นจากนักออกแบบผลิตภัณฑ์อย่าง Messina ที่มองว่าเครื่องหมายนี้จะทำให้ Twitter มีการจัดหมวดหมู่ประเด็นและคีย์เวิร์ดที่เป็นระบบมากขึ้น

ซึ่งไอเดียดังกล่าว ก็ได้เป็นส่วนสำคัญที่ทำให้ Twitter กลายเป็นโซเชียลมีเดีย ที่มีเอกลักษณ์เฉพาะตัว
จนวันนี้กลายมาเป็นบริษัทที่มีมูลค่าเกินกว่า 1.8 ล้านล้านบาท

นอกจากแฮชแท็กจะนำพาความสำเร็จให้กับแอปพลิเคชันโซเชียลมีเดียแล้ว
เครื่องหมายนี้ ก็ยังมีบทบาทอีกมากมายทั้งในเชิงธุรกิจ การรณรงค์เพื่อเพื่อนมนุษย์
การอัปเดตประเด็นสำคัญ ไปจนถึงการรายงานอุบัติเหตุหรือภัยธรรมชาติ
ทั้งหมดนี้ ก็ทำให้เราสรุปได้ว่า “#แฮชแท็ก” ได้กลายมาเป็นหนึ่งในเครื่องหมายสำคัญของโลก ไปแล้วนั่นเอง..
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Blockdit เป็นแพลตฟอร์ม สำหรับนักอ่าน และนักเขียน
ที่มีผู้ใช้งาน 1 ล้านคน ลองใช้แพลตฟอร์มนี้เพื่อได้ไอเดียใหม่ๆ
แล้วอาจพบว่าสังคมนี้เหมาะกับคนเช่นคุณ
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ติดตามลงทุนแมนได้ที่
Website - longtunman.com
Blockdit - blockdit.com/longtunman
Facebook - facebook.com/longtunman
Twitter - twitter.com/longtunman
Instagram - instagram.com/longtunman
Line - page.line.me/longtunman
YouTube - youtube.com/longtunman
Spotify - open.spotify.com/show/4jz0qVn1AL7tRMHiTvMbZH
Apple Podcasts - podcasts.apple.com/th/podcast/ลงท-นแมน/id1543162829
Soundcloud - soundcloud.com/longtunman
References
-https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/09/how-chris-messina-got-twitter-to-use-the-hashtag.html
-https://stoweboyd.com/post/39877198249/hash-tags-twitter-groupings
-https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/04/magazine/in-praise-of-the-hashtag.html
-https://www.wsj.com/articles/BL-DGB-29742
-https://medium.com/@biz/the-hashtag-at-ten-years-young-d1454f4dd785
-https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/8/23/16188868/hashtag-cultural-influence-twitter-demthrones-rap
-https://socialmediaweek.org/blog/2018/02/history-hashtags-symbol-changed-way-search-share/
-https://twitter.com/chrismessina/status/223115412?lang=en

<脫口秀小訣竅中英翻譯-靈感篇>

文長注意!

之前小歐在脫口秀社團po了外國佛心大神脫口秀演員Gary Gulman，在twitter上連載的366個脫口秀小訣竅。

小妹就認領了靈感篇來翻譯。以下為22個小訣竅的中英文對照，若有翻的不盡理想的地方，請留言詳述，我會再看怎麼修改。原文和網誌版會放在留言處，方便大家查看。

---
Ideas
靈感

Tip No. 41: You know those quirky little things you do and think? Collect them in a file or on paper. Even if you’re a storyteller, you can use these as details to add depth and distinction to your jokes.
你了解自己做或想的古怪小事嗎? 把他們記錄在紙上或檔案夾裡。即使你是講故事的人，也可以將這些內容作為細節，以增加笑話的深度和特色。

GARY'S FAVORITES
Gary(原作者)的最愛
Tip No. 45: Don’t Hoard Jokes
Don’t worry about “burning” material on a special or album. Hoarding jokes may signal to your brain that you’re out of ideas. “You can’t use up creativity. The more you use, the more you have.” — Maya Angelou.
不要囤積笑話。不要怕在演出或專場用光自己累積的材料。囤積笑話會對你的大腦發出信號，暗示你已經沒有想法。如同Maya Angelou所說:”你無法耗盡創意。 你使用的越多，你擁有的就越多。”

Gary’s thoughts on Tip No. 45: This attitude has been crucial to an unprecedented streak of creativity over the last two years. I’ve written four hours of material, which is almost as much as I wrote in my first 23 years of comedy. Most important has been my health, this idea may be second.
Gary對此建議的想法: 在過去兩年中，這種態度對我的前所未有的創造力，有著至關重要的影響。我已經寫了四個小時的素材，這幾乎與我前23年的喜劇寫作一樣多。最重要的是我的健康，這個想法則排名第二位。

Tip No. 62: Look for inspiration everywhere. Paintings, music, poetry, rap, novels, nonfiction, short stories, theater, philosophy, etc. can all provide a spark for creativity. Cross-pollinate your work with broad influences and watch your creativity grow.
在各處尋找靈感。繪畫、音樂、詩歌、饒舌、小說、非小說、短篇故事、戲劇、哲學..等，都可以為創造力提供火花。以廣泛的影響力對你的工作進行異花授粉(原文:cross pollination，藉由風或昆蟲從別的花獲得繁衍的花粉)，並觀察你的創造力增長。

Tip No. 63: Write it all down while the coffee is still telling you you’re mighty. Reread after you’ve turned back into Dr. Banner (yes he’s a genius, but not as self-confident in that condition). That buzz is so valuable but needs editing.
在咖啡發揮效果告訴你”你超棒”的時期，把所有想法寫下來。當你回復成原本的自我 (原文: Dr. Banner，也就是尚未變身成綠巨人浩克的班納博士，是個缺乏自信的天才)時，重讀一次剛才的寫作。思緒激昂(原文:buzz，也有微醺、很鏘的意思)很珍貴，但需要編輯。

GARY'S FAVORITES
Gary(原作者)的最愛
Tip No. 90: After a Good Set, Brainstorm
You just had a great set. Instead of celebrating, use that hour or so after when the synapses are still firing and your confidence is soaring to voice record or write down the ideas that pop up during that especially fertile creative time.
如果你剛完成一場精采的表演，不用太早慶祝，要在大腦突觸仍在觸發、信心爆發、靈感特別豐腴的創作時間裡，把突然出現的想法錄音或寫下，再多花一個小時左右的時間繼續創作吧。

Gary’s thoughts on Tip No. 90: Huge help in making jokes that work longer and coming up with tangents and inspired ideas.
Gary對此建議的想法: 這建議在創作笑話的過程中提供巨大幫助，並提供變化和啟發性的想法。

Tip No. 92: Notice where you do your best thinking. The shower? Running? Listening to music? Not listening to music? Driving? Walking? Make sure to put yourself in the places where you’re doing your best thinking as frequently as possible.
你有注意過你在哪個’場景最能好好思考嗎。沐浴時？跑步時？聽音樂時？不聽音樂時？開車時?走路時？請盡量把自己放在最適合思考的場域。

Tip No. 132: I think you can limit frustration and discouragement by writing just a page on a new premise before trying it out onstage. See if there’s anything there before you spend a day on a new joke. But if you’re truly excited by the new idea, keep going!
我認為你可以在上台試笑話之前，先寫一頁的新前提，這可以限制你的挫敗感和沮喪感。在你花一整天開發新笑話之前，先研究前提是否可挖掘。但是，如果你真心對這個新點子感到興奮，那就放手去做吧!

Tip No. 143: Listen to strangers’ conversations. (I tell myself it’s not impolite if they’re being super-loud.) I got “How Dottie is that?” when a supercilious woman named Jodi bragged “How Jodi is that?” “So Jodi,” her friend replied.
偷聽陌生人的對談(我都告訴自己偷聽並不是沒禮貌的行徑，是他們講話太大聲了)。我有一次聽到一個名叫Jodi的膚淺女人吹噓"How Jodi is that?"，她朋友回覆:"So Jodi"，我因此想出了我的 “How Dottie is that?” 笑話。

Tip No. 157: Need new joke ideas? Be sensitive. If you’re uncomfortable with that word, use “irritable” (or grow up). A lot of good comedy comes from reaction to injustice or discomfort large and small, which requires being hypersensitive to those feelings.
需要新的笑話創意嗎？保持敏感。如果你對這個詞不滿意，請使用“煩躁”(或成長)。 許多優秀喜劇源自於對不平等或不適的大大小小的反應，產生這些感覺都需要保持敏感。

Tip No. 217: “All art is autobiographical. The pearl is the oyster’s autobiography.” — Federico Fellini. Purposefully mine your personal history for your act. Your life is a wellspring. Dig deep.
Federico Fellini說過:“所有藝術都是自傳。珍珠是牡蠣的自傳。”有目的得挖掘你的個人經歷，以作為你的演出。你的生活是靈感之源。請深入挖掘。

Tip No. 241: Many of your favorite writers include the same themes/subjects/objects/interests repeatedly in their work. Don’t be afraid to return again and again to your passions and obsessions to explore and expound.
你最愛的許多作家，都會在他們的作品裡重複探討相同的主題/目標/對象/興趣。不要害怕在你的熱情和沉迷之處，一次又一次得重複探索和闡述。

Tip No. 285: Explore unusual angles in a joke. Example: Examine things from the POV of a child or an Expert. My man Jimmy P and I still laugh over his “Martian response to high school football practice: Why are the hard-heads (players) taking orders from the small soft-heads (coach)?”
在笑話中探索不尋常的觀點。例如：從孩子或專家的視角觀看事物。我和我的兄弟Jimmy P仍會為他的笑話大笑:“火星人對高中足球訓練的反應：為什麼硬頭(球員)會從小型軟頭(教練)那裡得到命令？”

Tip No. 297: One of the miracles of comedy is that you can get redemption for suffering, small and large, by making something funny with it. When you are ready, try to write something funny about your mistakes, setbacks, or even tragedies.
喜劇的奇蹟之一是，藉由使事情變得有趣，你可以從大大小小的苦難中得到救贖。 當你準備就緒時，請嘗試寫一些有關你的錯誤、挫折甚至悲劇的有趣訊息。

Tip No. 298: Skim your life for the unusual events and activities that you can’t believe you were a part of or that people can’t believe you were a part of. Then write about it! Back row No. 93 MULLET:
No. 93後衛MULLET: “瀏覽你一生經歷過的、你或別人不敢相信你參與其中的奇特事件和活動。然後把它寫下來吧!“

Tip No. 310: When it comes to solving the puzzles that are our jokes, draw on every area of knowledge, expertise, and talent. It’s so gratifying to use a fact, a lesson, or a memory from elementary school, high school, or elsewhere to fill in the joke.
在解決我們玩笑的難關時，請利用各個領域的常識、專業知識和才能。用小學、高中或其他地方的事實、課業或回憶來充實笑話，會非常令人滿足。

Tip No. 311: Some of your best ideas will come to you in the shower. There’s science behind why it happens. Get a shower notepad if you have trouble remembering your ideas. Don’t listen to music. Listen to your thoughts. Ruminate on tonight’s set or a new joke.
洗澡時，你可能想到一些最好的點子。這現象的發生原因有科學依據。如果你難以記住自己的想法，請準備淋浴記事本。不要聽音樂。聽你的想法。用今晚的場景或一個新的笑話來反思。

Tip No. 313: Try teaching or informing the audience about something through some of your jokes. We love to learn while being entertained and vice versa. You have knowledge? Put it in your act! Just make sure it’s funny.
試試看通過講笑話來教導或告知聽眾新知識吧。我們喜歡在娛樂的同時學習，反之亦然。你有新知識嗎？把它放在你的演出！只要確保它很有趣就行。

Tip No. 327: Going home for Thanksgiving? Take copious notes! Your family is unique. Being reminded of the dynamics and adding new memories will be great resources for your act. “Family isn’t a word. It’s a sentence.”
逢年過節你會回家和家人團聚嗎？做大量筆記！你的家人是獨一無二的。記住動態場景並添加新的記憶，這會是你表演的寶貴資源。“家庭不是一個詞。 而是一個句子。”

Tip No. 331: There are great stories from our lives that we’re not able to translate into stand-up. Don’t throw them out. Collect those stories in a file for radio and TV and other interview situations.
我們生活中有許多很棒的故事，但我們無法將其轉化為脫口秀。可是不要把它們丟掉。要將這些故事收集在資料夾裡，以後在進行廣播和電視或採訪時可能用的到。

Tip No. 340: Volunteer! Especially if you don’t have a day job. There are so many opportunities to help. You will do good and have something new to write about. In NYC we have New York Cares. One year we decorated an elementary school for Halloween.
如果你沒有正職工作，當志工吧！你會有很多機會能幫助別人。你會做得很好，並有新的事情能寫。在紐約，我們設有紐約關懷中心。今年我們為萬聖節裝飾了一所小學。

Tip No. 358: I have recently started audio recording all notes sessions (for projects), and next time I pitch jokes with a friend I will record that too. It’s very helpful. You will be surprised at what you forgot when you listen back. Ask permission first.
我最近開始錄製所有筆記會話(用於專案)的錄音檔，並且下次我與朋友開玩笑時，我也會錄音。這非常有幫助。當你回聽時，你會驚訝於你忘記了什麼。但錄音前請先徵得許可。

Tip No. 360: Spending holidays with kids? Pay attention to them. Listen to them. Take note and embrace their curiosity and enthusiasm within your writing. (Also avoid the “kids these days” writing. It’s lazy.) Merry Christmas from your second favorite long-haired Jew.
和孩子一起度假嗎？注意觀察他們。聽他們說話。寫下你觀察到的東西並注意，並在寫作中懷抱孩子們的好奇心和熱情。(不要流水帳的寫“現在的小屁孩都如何如何”。這很懶。)你第二喜歡的長髮猶太叔叔在此祝你聖誕快樂(註，原作Gary是猶太人)。

Wu-Tang Clan là một trường hợp đặc biệt của làng Rap thế giới - khi mà, trước hay sau khi họ xuất hiện đều không có bất kỳ tổ đội nào làm được những điều như họ làm. Ai cũng có những thần tượng riêng (hoặc giống nhau) như Eminem, Tupac, Biggie, Kendrick Lamar, Dr.Dre, Drake… nhưng những cá nhân được kể ở trên đều ít nhiều mang trong mình tài năng thiên bẩm với Rap, còn với Wu-Tang Clan sự thành công của tổ chức này chỉ gói gọn trong 3 yếu tố: Tình huynh đệ, kỷ luật và tầm nhìn.

Wu-Tang Clan là một tập thể những Rapper sinh ra và lớn lên tại những khu ổ chuột của New York, gồm có: RZA, GZA, Ol’ Dirty Bastard, Method Man, Inspectah Deck, Raekwon, Ghostface Killah, U-God, Masta Killa và đôi khi là cả Cappadonna cùng với Redman - ngay từ thủa sơ khai tổ chức này đã định hình tập thể của mình là những “cao thủ” trong giới HipHop với phong cách pha lẫn giữa võ thuật Á Đông, văn hóa siêu anh hùng trong truyện tranh của Mỹ với khả năng sử dụng Rap làm bàn đạp để tạo nên một tổ đội mang trong mình yếu tố thần thánh khác biệt hoàn toàn với những gì mà thị trường bấy giờ đang sở hữu. Điều đáng nói là ngoài RZA đã từng có chút danh tiếng dưới Rap name Prince Rakeem ra, thì tất thảy những huynh đệ còn lại của “Võ Đang Trấn Phái” đều chỉ là những cá thể không được biết đến, thậm chí khi Wu-Tang Clan debut, anh họ của RZA là GZA cũng đã ở độ tuổi 24 - độ tuổi được coi là đã ở bên kia sườn dốc trong giới Rapper. Vậy thì họ đã làm gì để có được thành công nhanh và lớn tới như vậy?

Đầu tiên, đó là nằm ở tập thể. Wu-Tang Clan là một tập thể bao gồm những Rapper có đam mê, tài năng, nhiệt huyết, sự bất bình với đời sống tại khu ổ chuột mà họ vẫn hóm hỉnh gọi là “Thiếu Lâm Tự của miền Đông nước Mỹ”. Nhưng như thế là chưa đủ. Điều quan trọng nhất của tổ chức này là tính kỷ luật và sự khổ luyện. Trước khi ra mắt Album debut “Enter The Wu-Tang (36 Chambers)”, thì mỗi tuần sẽ luôn có những ngày mà toàn bộ thành viên Wu-Tang phải đến nhà của RZA và freestyles trên những con beats do chính RZA tạo ra, nhưng không đơn giản là freestyles mà họ còn góp ý cho nhau trong cách viết ý của từng câu, từng chữ và trên hết là viết lại những bars đắt nhất để sử dụng cho sau này. Sự kiện này diễn ra đều đặn đến nỗi, ngay cả khi Method Man gãy chân anh ta vẫn chống nạng đến tham gia với các huynh đệ của mình. Chính sự kỷ luật này đã giúp họ nhận ra những chủ đề mình giỏi nhất, trau dồi kĩ năng cơ bản trước khi xuất hiện với vai trò MCs hoặc Rapper trên thị trường âm nhạc - việc này giống với cách mà các nhân vật chính trong phim võ thuật cổ hay làm - luyện tập, luyện tập và luyện tập. Để rồi từ cái gốc rất vững về kĩ năng ấy, toàn bộ huynh đệ của “Võ Đang Trấn Phái” sẽ cùng nhau xuất hiện tạo ra một thế giới lấy giang hồ làm nền tảng của phép ẩn dụ nói về chính sự bất công ở nơi mình sống. Và chỉ nhờ vào khổ luyện Rap, họ mới tìm ra phong cách phù hợp và vị trí của từng người trong Nhóm.

“Để tôi giải thích về anh em cho mọi người hiểu nhé, Inspectah Deck là người sẽ ngồi nghe mấy thằng ngu diễn, tỏ ra bị thuyết phục nhưng lại hiểu rõ nó là loại người thế nào, thế nên mới gọi là thanh tra (Inspector), bởi sau cùng thằng cha ấy sẽ đưa các cháu hay bốc phét về đồn. Sau đó là đến Shallah Raekwon - đây là cậu đầu bếp của Võ Đang Trấn Phái, bởi vần câu của cậu ấy như đồ ngon vậy, làm người nghe thèm khát nghe thêm. Tiếp theo là đến lượt Method Man, người có cách tiếp cận mọi thứ rất khác, cái gì bố ấy cũng cuốn lại và tạo thành một điếu thật to để cho khán giả phê pha được. Baby U là một kẻ điên - một triết gia điên thì đúng hơn. Sau đó chúng tôi có Ol’Dirty Bastard vì không có bất kỳ ai chơi Rap theo style của ông bạn này nên gọi là Quái nhân (Ol’Dirty Bastard). Ghostface Killah thì thoắt ẩn thoắt hiện, khiến bạn sợ hết hồn. Còn RZA thì là người sắc sảo nhất của trấn phái, dù ở vai trò nào thì độ chính xác của RZA vẫn là vô cùng đáng nể từ vần câu, làm beat, DJ… Còn GZA thì không phải nói nhiều, thiên tài, cậu ta là xương sống và là bộ não của Nhóm. Nếu chúng tôi là một con robot Voltron, thì GZA chỉ đơn giản là cái đầu, anh em hiểu chứ?”

Cùng với đó trong chặng đường 4 năm từ khi debut (1993 - 1997), Wu-Tang Clan đã xen kẽ vào đó những dự án riêng của từng thành viên với nhiều hãng đĩa cùng phong cách khác nhau. Phát súng đầu tiên được thực hiện bởi Ol’ Dirty Bastard, với album “Return To The 36 Chambers” (1994), một Album mang hơi hướng thị trường và dành cho club. Sử dụng ngôn ngữ rất chợ để làm tiền đề cho sự ngổ ngáo và vui nhộn phục vụ các bữa tiệc Hip-Hop của khu ổ chuột, nhưng trong đó vẫn có tinh thần huynh đệ khi ngay từ tựa đề Album đã là sự trở về với giá trị cốt lõi của trấn phái. Tiếp đó, GZA cho ra đời “Cuốn bí kíp” mang tên Liquid Sword (1995) nếu dịch sang tiếng Việt chắc sẽ không có cái tên nào phù hợp hơn là “Lục Mạch Thần Kiếm”, mà ở đó đầu não của Võ Đang bộc lộ rõ kĩ năng thượng thừa về ngôn từ của mình khi đa phần mỗi bài trong Album này GZA đều lo một verse nhưng tổng hợp lại thì đó là một hệ thống ngôn từ đồ sộ, sắc sảo và đi trước thời đại hàng chục năm. Rồi tiếp sau đó là Raekwon với “Only Built 4 Cuban Linx…” sản xuất năm 1995 là một trong những Album có ảnh hưởng lớn nhất trong giới HipHop - đặc biệt là ở dòng “Mafioso Rap”. Raekwon đã vạch trần được bộ mặt của xã hội và môi trường của những khu ổ chuột thời bấy giờ bằng lối dẫn chuyện rất riêng của mình. Mở đầu của Album này là một phân cảnh khi Raekwon nói với Ghostface Killah về việc đây sẽ là dấu ấn để anh đi lên chuyên nghiệp, bởi bản thân Raekwon đã quá chán với việc kiếm tiền từ ma túy, đối mặt với pháp luật và mọi hiểm nguy trong cái nghề tồi tệ ấy để rồi lại phải sử dụng chính những đồng tiền bẩn thỉu để bảo vệ bản thân khỏi nguy hiểm. Thay vào đó Raekwon muốn chơi Rap hết mình, thông qua việc luyện tập và tự trau dồi kĩ năng và chăm chỉ tạo ra những sản phẩm chất lượng nhất có thể. Và thành quả mà chàng đầu bếp này đạt được là Album debut của anh ta đã sánh ngang với những “Ready To Die” của Bigge”, “Reasonable Doubts” của Jay-Z để trở thành một trong những Album có ảnh hưởng lớn nhất tới làng HipHop trong thập niên 90s.

“Anh em chúng tôi sẽ làm cái mà chưa ai làm, tạo ra một thị trường của riêng chúng tôi. Chứ huynh đệ bọn tôi không định núp bóng một công ty nào đó, thay vào đó bọn tôi tạo ra những thú riêng biệt - một di sản cho con cháu chúng tôi để chúng biết rằng cha ông đã từng vĩ đại đến thế nào. Chúng tôi không muốn xuất hiện, kiếm tiền đầy túi rồi biết mất, chúng tôi muốn mình tạo ra được sự khác biệt. Rời khỏi khu ổ chuột nhưng chúng tôi vẫn sẽ giữ tinh thần thô mà thật từ đó trong âm nhạc.”

___
Rap Story là chuyên mục hàng tuần của Cổ Động, được lên sóng vào 22:00 mỗi thứ tư hàng tuần. Rap Story là chuyên mục được tổng hợp từ rất nhiều nguồn thuộc các sách, nghiên cứu chính thống về lịch sử Rap của nhiều nhà nghiên cứu khác nhau. Có thể kể đến như: Chuck D Presents This Day in Rap and Hip-Hop History của Chuck D, HipHop Raised Me của DJ Semtex, The History of Hip op của Eric Reese... cùng với đó là kết hợp với việc sử dụng những kiến thức chuyên môn của lịch sử để giúp chuyên mục tăng tính khách quan và chính xác.

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