我的母親
油畫 75x47cm 1982 香港
母親名皇甫道安,湖南桃源縣人,外祖父時家道中落,但外祖父喜愛讀書,曾收集原版「二十四史」。母親中學上長沙周南女中,後逃婚到上海讀大夏大學,與父親結婚而輟學。生我們兄弟姐妹六人,隨鄉親躲日軍赴重慶,直至1949年父親赴台,從此父母分隔兩岸,至死未得見面。孩子長大,分散各地,母親申請做小學教師,帶我與弟弟在身邊,艱苦度日。
她體弱多病,多次開刀,曾在課室講台暈倒。1950年她帶我投靠鄉下的舅舅。舅舅是「小地主」,土改時被農會吊打,追討金銀財寶,外婆嚇得投水淹死。不久,媽媽也驚嚇得半夜投水,被我發現,馬上叫醒舅舅,急忙點了火把,拿了竹竿將尚浮在水壩中的母親打救上來。多少年後,母親告訴我,那次她看見水底好亮堂,一定是觀世音菩薩來救她了。她在小學簡易木樓宿舍的柱子上長年貼著印有觀音坐像的香烟長盒包裝紙。
盼啊盼啊,到1978年,我們盼來的卻是父親在台北去世的噩耗!1980年,獲准到香港,五年後,弟弟陪她到台北,終於在父親墓前舉香祭拜……。再過四年,她與大姐家和我一家都遷居台北。沒過多久,她病倒了,我們送她往基隆長庚醫院檢查後醫生告知為器官衰竭。
我當年很忙,開始時還沒意識到母親身體病況嚴重。有次我去看她,幫她老搓揉冰涼的雙手,她問我:「茂芹,媽媽偉不偉大?」,我一時楞住了,不知怎麼回答,我說:「我們不要用偉大,妳是了不起的榜樣……」,媽媽拍拍我的手背……。
在基隆簡易治喪會上我哭得差點噎到。媽媽,妳度過多少苦難!妳還以微薄的工資去救濟水災難民,妳教育我寫字要端正,要文從字順,要以忠厚為人之本……,我的偉大的母親啊。我們重修父墓,將母親的骨灰罈放在棺木內父親的肩旁……他們會有說不完的唐詩宋詞……。
My Mother
Oil painting 75x47cm 1982 Hong Kong
My mother’s maiden name was Huangpu Daoan and she was born in Taoyuan County, Hunan. The Huangpu family had fallen upon hard times, but her father was an avid reader who counted an original copy of the Twenty Four Histories in his collection. My mother attended the Zhounan Women School in Changsha then fled an arranged marriage to study at Daxia University in Shanghai. She quit the university after marrying my father. Together they had six children and when the Japanese invaded, she fled to Chongqing with relatives. When my father went to Taiwan in 1949 with Chiang Kai-shek’s government, the cross-strait separation meant they never did meet again in this life. When her children grew up and moved to different parts of the country, my mother applied to become a primary school teacher. She kept me and my little brother by her side and made the ends meet as best as she could.
My mother’s health was always poor and underwent many operations. She even fainted once at the front of the classroom. In 1950, she took me to the countryside to seek refuge with her brother. My uncle was a “small landowner” who had been persecuted by the farmers’ co-operative during the land reforms to cough up his “ill-gotten gains.” My grandma was so terrified that she chose to drown herself. My mother also tried to drown herself one night but I immediately woke my uncle up. He lit a torch and we fished my mother out of the dam with a bamboo pole. Many years later, my mother told me that it seemed so bright under the water that she thought the Guanyin Goddess had come to save her. On a pillar of the simple wooden house used as a dormitory by the primary school, she had pasted a picture of the Guanyin Goddess sitting in the lotus position from the packaging of a cigarette box.
We waited and waited, but when we finally received word from Taiwan in 1978, it was bad news. My father had passed away in Taipei! In 1980, I received permission to go to Hong Kong. Five years later, my little brother accompanied her to Taipei where she could finally burn incense at my father’s grave….Four years later, she moved with me and my big sister’s entire family to Taipei. She fell sick a short while later; when we took her to the Chang Gung Hospital in Keelung, the doctor said that it was organ failure.
I was very busy at the time and I didn’t realize how serious my mother’s condition was at first. As I was massaging her icy-cold hands during one visit, she asked me, “Mau-kun, was your mother great or not?” I was taken by surprise and did not know what to say. I eventually answered: “Let’s not use the word great. You are a wonderful example…” My mother patted the back of my hand…
I almost choked on my tears during the simple funeral in Keelung. Oh, mother, how much you suffered! You even donated what little wages you earned towards flood relief. You taught me to write in a neat hand, to be fluent in my writings, and to lead an earnest life….My mother was a truly great woman. We refurbished my father’s tomb and placed the urn with my mothers’ ashes inside the coffin by my father’s shoulder….They can now talk about ancient Chinese poetry for all time…
同時也有5部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過37萬的網紅Ray Mak,也在其Youtube影片中提到,Microgreens have always been a passion for me because I love eating them and I eat them all the time. What's more efficient that growing them on my ow...
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small talk example 在 Taipei Ethereum Meetup Facebook 的最讚貼文
📜 [專欄新文章] Uniswap v3 Features Explained in Depth
✍️ 田少谷 Shao
📥 歡迎投稿: https://medium.com/taipei-ethereum-meetup #徵技術分享文 #使用心得 #教學文 #medium
Once again the game-changing DEX 🦄 👑
Image source: https://uniswap.org/blog/uniswap-v3/
Outline
0. Intro1. Uniswap & AMM recap2. Ticks 3. Concentrated liquidity4. Range orders: reversible limit orders5. Impacts of v36. Conclusion
0. Intro
The announcement of Uniswap v3 is no doubt one of the most exciting news in the DeFi place recently 🔥🔥🔥
While most have talked about the impact v3 can potentially bring on the market, seldom explain the delicate implementation techniques to realize all those amazing features, such as concentrated liquidity, limit-order-like range orders, etc.
Since I’ve covered Uniswap v1 & v2 (if you happen to know Mandarin, here are v1 & v2), there’s no reason for me to not cover v3 as well ✅
Thus, this article aims to guide readers through Uniswap v3, based on their official whitepaper and examples made on the announcement page. However, one needs not to be an engineer, as not many codes are involved, nor a math major, as the math involved is definitely taught in your high school, to fully understand the following content 😊😊😊
If you really make it through but still don’t get shxt, feedbacks are welcomed! 🙏
There should be another article focusing on the codebase, so stay tuned and let’s get started with some background noise!
1. Uniswap & AMM recap
Before diving in, we have to first recap the uniqueness of Uniswap and compare it to traditional order book exchanges.
Uniswap v1 & v2 are a kind of AMMs (automated market marker) that follow the constant product equation x * y = k, with x & y stand for the amount of two tokens X and Y in a pool and k as a constant.
Comparing to order book exchanges, AMMs, such as the previous versions of Uniswap, offer quite a distinct user experience:
AMMs have pricing functions that offer the price for the two tokens, which make their users always price takers, while users of order book exchanges can be both makers or takers.
Uniswap as well as most AMMs have infinite liquidity¹, while order book exchanges don’t. The liquidity of Uniswap v1 & v2 is provided throughout the price range [0,∞]².
Uniswap as well as most AMMs have price slippage³ and it’s due to the pricing function, while there isn’t always price slippage on order book exchanges as long as an order is fulfilled within one tick.
In an order book, each price (whether in green or red) is a tick. Image source: https://ftx.com/trade/BTC-PERP
¹ though the price gets worse over time; AMM of constant sum such as mStable does not have infinite liquidity
² the range is in fact [-∞,∞], while a price in most cases won’t be negative
³ AMM of constant sum does not have price slippage
2. Tick
The whole innovation of Uniswap v3 starts from ticks.
For those unfamiliar with what is a tick:
Source: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/tick.asp
By slicing the price range [0,∞] into numerous granular ticks, trading on v3 is highly similar to trading on order book exchanges, with only three differences:
The price range of each tick is predefined by the system instead of being proposed by users.
Trades that happen within a tick still follows the pricing function of the AMM, while the equation has to be updated once the price crosses the tick.
Orders can be executed with any price within the price range, instead of being fulfilled at the same one price on order book exchanges.
With the tick design, Uniswap v3 possesses most of the merits of both AMM and an order book exchange! 💯💯💯
So, how is the price range of a tick decided?
This question is actually somewhat related to the tick explanation above: the minimum tick size for stocks trading above 1$ is one cent.
The underlying meaning of a tick size traditionally being one cent is that one cent (1% of 1$) is the basis point of price changes between ticks, ex: 1.02 — 1.01 = 0.1.
Uniswap v3 employs a similar idea: compared to the previous/next price, the price change should always be 0.01% = 1 basis point.
However, notice the difference is that in the traditional basis point, the price change is defined with subtraction, while here in Uniswap it’s division.
This is how price ranges of ticks are decided⁴:
Image source: https://uniswap.org/whitepaper-v3.pdf
With the above equation, the tick/price range can be recorded in the index form [i, i+1], instead of some crazy numbers such as 1.0001¹⁰⁰ = 1.0100496621.
As each price is the multiplication of 1.0001 of the previous price, the price change is always 1.0001 — 1 = 0.0001 = 0.01%.
For example, when i=1, p(1) = 1.0001; when i=2, p(2) = 1.00020001.
p(2) / p(1) = 1.00020001 / 1.0001 = 1.0001
See the connection between the traditional basis point 1 cent (=1% of 1$) and Uniswap v3’s basis point 0.01%?
Image source: https://tenor.com/view/coin-master-cool-gif-19748052
But sir, are prices really granular enough? There are many shitcoins with prices less than 0.000001$. Will such prices be covered as well?
Price range: max & min
To know if an extremely small price is covered or not, we have to figure out the max & min price range of v3 by looking into the spec: there is a int24 tick state variable in UniswapV3Pool.sol.
Image source: https://uniswap.org/whitepaper-v3.pdf
The reason for a signed integer int instead of an uint is that negative power represents prices less than 1 but greater than 0.
24 bits can cover the range between 1.0001 ^ (2²³ — 1) and 1.0001 ^ -(2)²³. Even Google cannot calculate such numbers, so allow me to offer smaller values to have a rough idea of the whole price range:
1.0001 ^ (2¹⁸) = 242,214,459,604.341
1.0001 ^ -(2¹⁷) = 0.000002031888943
I think it’s safe to say that with a int24 the range can cover > 99.99% of the prices of all assets in the universe 👌
⁴ For implementation concern, however, a square root is added to both sides of the equation.
How about finding out which tick does a price belong to?
Tick index from price
The answer to this question is rather easy, as we know that p(i) = 1.0001^i, simply takes a log with base 1.0001 on both sides of the equation⁴:
Image source: https://www.codecogs.com/latex/eqneditor.php
Let’s try this out, say we wanna find out the tick index of 1000000.
Image source: https://ncalculators.com/number-conversion/log-logarithm-calculator.htm
Now, 1.0001¹³⁸¹⁶² = 999,998.678087146. Voila!
⁵ This formula is also slightly modified to fit the real implementation usage.
3. Concentrated liquidity
Now that we know how ticks and price ranges are decided, let’s talk about how orders are executed in a tick, what is concentrated liquidity and how it enables v3 to compete with stablecoin-specialized DEXs (decentralized exchange), such as Curve, by improving the capital efficiency.
Concentrated liquidity means LPs (liquidity providers) can provide liquidity to any price range/tick at their wish, which causes the liquidity to be imbalanced in ticks.
As each tick has a different liquidity depth, the corresponding pricing function x * y = k also won’t be the same!
Each tick has its own liquidity depth. Image source: https://uniswap.org/blog/uniswap-v3/
Mmm… examples are always helpful for abstract descriptions 😂
Say the original pricing function is 100(x) * 1000(y) = 100000(k), with the price of X token 1000 / 100 = 10 and we’re now in the price range [9.08, 11.08].
If the liquidity of the price range [11.08, 13.08] is the same as [9.08, 11.08], we don’t have to modify the pricing function if the price goes from 10 to 11.08, which is the boundary between two ticks.
The price of X is 1052.63 / 95 = 11.08 when the equation is 1052.63 * 95 = 100000.
However, if the liquidity of the price range [11.08, 13.08] is two times that of the current range [9.08, 11.08], balances of x and y should be doubled, which makes the equation become 2105.26 * 220 = 400000, which is (1052.63 * 2) * (110 * 2) = (100000 * 2 * 2).
We can observe the following two points from the above example:
Trades always follow the pricing function x * y = k, while once the price crosses the current price range/tick, the liquidity/equation has to be updated.
√(x * y) = √k = L is how we represent the liquidity, as I say the liquidity of x * y = 400000 is two times the liquidity of x * y = 100000, as √(400000 / 100000) = 2.
What’s more, compared to liquidity on v1 & v2 is always spread across [0,∞], liquidity on v3 can be concentrated within certain price ranges and thus results in higher capital efficiency from traders’ swapping fees!
Let’s say if I provide liquidity in the range [1200, 2800], the capital efficiency will then be 4.24x higher than v2 with the range [0,∞] 😮😮😮 There’s a capital efficiency comparison calculator, make sure to try it out!
Image source: https://uniswap.org/blog/uniswap-v3/
It’s worth noticing that the concept of concentrated liquidity was proposed and already implemented by Kyper, prior to Uniswap, which is called Automated Price Reserve in their case.⁵
⁶ Thanks to Yenwen Feng for the information.
4. Range orders: reversible limit orders
As explained in the above section, LPs of v3 can provide liquidity to any price range/tick at their wish. Depending on the current price and the targeted price range, there are three scenarios:
current price < the targeted price range
current price > the targeted price range
current price belongs to the targeted price range
The first two scenarios are called range orders. They have unique characteristics and are essentially fee-earning reversible limit orders, which will be explained later.
The last case is the exact same liquidity providing mechanism as the previous versions: LPs provide liquidity in both tokens of the same value (= amount * price).
There’s also an identical product to the case: grid trading, a very powerful investment tool for a time of consolidation. Dunno what’s grid trading? Check out Binance’s explanation on this, as this topic won’t be covered!
In fact, LPs of Uniswap v1 & v2 are grid trading with a range of [0,∞] and the entry price as the baseline.
Range orders
To understand range orders, we’d have to first revisit how price is discovered on Uniswap with the equation x * y = k, for x & y stand for the amount of two tokens X and Y and k as a constant.
The price of X compared to Y is y / x, which means how many Y one can get for 1 unit of X, and vice versa the price of Y compared to X is x / y.
For the price of X to go up, y has to increase and x decrease.
With this pricing mechanism in mind, it’s example time!
Say an LP plans to place liquidity in the price range [15.625, 17.313], higher than the current price of X 10, when 100(x) * 1000(y) = 100000(k).
The price of X is 1250 / 80 = 15.625 when the equation is 80 * 1250 = 100000.
The price of X is 1315.789 / 76 = 17.313 when the equation is 76 * 1315.789 = 100000.
If now the price of X reaches 15.625, the only way for the price of X to go even higher is to further increase y and decrease x, which means exchanging a certain amount of X for Y.
Thus, to provide liquidity in the range [15.625, 17.313], an LP needs only to prepare 80 — 76 = 4 of X. If the price exceeds 17.313, all 4 X of the LP is swapped into 1315.789 — 1250 = 65.798 Y, and then the LP has nothing more to do with the pool, as his/her liquidity is drained.
What if the price stays in the range? It’s exactly what LPs would love to see, as they can earn swapping fees for all transactions in the range! Also, the balance of X will swing between [76, 80] and the balance of Y between [1250, 1315.789].
This might not be obvious, but the example above shows an interesting insight: if the liquidity of one token is provided, only when the token becomes more valuable will it be exchanged for the less valuable one.
…wut? 🤔
Remember that if 4 X is provided within [15.625, 17.313], only when the price of X goes up from 15.625 to 17.313 is 4 X gradually swapped into Y, the less valuable one!
What if the price of X drops back immediately after reaching 17.313? As X becomes less valuable, others are going to exchange Y for X.
The below image illustrates the scenario of DAI/USDC pair with a price range of [1.001, 1.002] well: the pool is always composed entirely of one token on both sides of the tick, while in the middle 1.001499⁶ is of both tokens.
Image source: https://uniswap.org/blog/uniswap-v3/
Similarly, to provide liquidity in a price range < current price, an LP has to prepare a certain amount of Y for others to exchange Y for X within the range.
To wrap up such an interesting feature, we know that:
Only one token is required for range orders.
Only when the current price is within the range of the range order can LP earn trading fees. This is the main reason why most people believe LPs of v3 have to monitor the price more actively to maximize their income, which also means that LPs of v3 have become arbitrageurs 🤯
I will be discussing more the impacts of v3 in 5. Impacts of v3.
⁷ 1.001499988 = √(1.0001 * 1.0002) is the geometric mean of 1.0001 and 1.0002. The implication is that the geometric mean of two prices is the average execution price within the range of the two prices.
Reversible limit orders
As the example in the last section demonstrates, if there is 4 X in range [15.625, 17.313], the 4 X will be completely converted into 65.798 Y when the price goes over 17.313.
We all know that a price can stay in a wide range such as [10, 11] for quite some time, while it’s unlikely so in a narrow range such as [15.625, 15.626].
Thus, if an LP provides liquidity in [15.625, 15.626], we can expect that once the price of X goes over 15.625 and immediately also 15.626, and does not drop back, all X are then forever converted into Y.
The concept of having a targeted price and the order will be executed after the price is crossed is exactly the concept of limit orders! The only difference is that if the range of a range order is not narrow enough, it’s highly possible that the conversion of tokens will be reverted once the price falls back to the range.
As price ranges follow the equation p(i) = 1.0001 ^ i, the range can be quite narrow and a range order can thus effectively serve as a limit order:
When i = 27490, 1.0001²⁷⁴⁹⁰ = 15.6248.⁸
When i = 27491, 1.0001²⁷⁴⁹¹ = 15.6264.⁸
A range of 0.0016 is not THAT narrow but can certainly satisfy most limit order use cases!
⁸ As mentioned previously in note #4, there is a square root in the equation of the price and index, thus the numbers here are for explantion only.
5. Impacts of v3
Higher capital efficiency, LPs become arbitrageurs… as v3 has made tons of radical changes, I’d like to summarize my personal takes of the impacts of v3:
Higher capital efficiency makes one of the most frequently considered indices in DeFi: TVL, total value locked, becomes less meaningful, as 1$ on Uniswap v3 might have the same effect as 100$ or even 2000$ on v2.
The ease of spot exchanging between spot exchanges used to be a huge advantage of spot markets over derivative markets. As LPs will take up the role of arbitrageurs and arbitraging is more likely to happen on v3 itself other than between DEXs, this gap is narrowed … to what extent? No idea though.
LP strategies and the aggregation of NFT of Uniswap v3 liquidity token are becoming the blue ocean for new DeFi startups: see Visor and Lixir. In fact, this might be the turning point for both DeFi and NFT: the two main reasons of blockchain going mainstream now come to the alignment of interest: solving the $$ problem 😏😏😏
In the right venue, which means a place where transaction fees are low enough, such as Optimism, we might see Algo trading firms coming in to share the market of designing LP strategies on Uniswap v3, as I believe Algo trading is way stronger than on-chain strategies or DAO voting to add liquidity that sort of thing.
After reading this article by Parsec.finance: The Dex to Rule Them All, I cannot help but wonder: maybe there is going to be centralized crypto exchanges adopting v3’s approach. The reason is that since orders of LPs in the same tick are executed pro-rata, the endless front-running speeding-competition issue in the Algo trading world, to some degree, is… solved? 🤔
Anyway, personal opinions can be biased and seriously wrong 🙈 I’m merely throwing out a sprat to catch a whale. Having a different voice? Leave your comment down below!
6. Conclusion
That was kinda tough, isn’t it? Glad you make it through here 🥂🥂🥂
There are actually many more details and also a huge section of Oracle yet to be covered. However, since this article is more about features and targeting normal DeFi users, I’ll leave those to the next one; hope there is one 😅
If you have any doubt or find any mistake, please feel free to reach out to me and I’d try to reply AFAP!
Stay tuned and in the meantime let’s wait and see how Uniswap v3 is again pioneering the innovation of DeFi 🌟
Uniswap v3 Features Explained in Depth was originally published in Taipei Ethereum Meetup on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.
👏 歡迎轉載分享鼓掌
small talk example 在 鴨頭 嘉人 Facebook 的最佳解答
【メンターの正しい選び方】
昨日は大変な一日でした。
朝に、映画『えんとつ町のプペル』のオープニング主題歌(@HYDEさん)のミュージックビデオが公開したのですが、公開と同時にお客様は勿論のこと、関係者サイドもザワつきまして……いろんな連絡をいただきました。
https://youtu.be/StVsfO0lVok
端的に言うと、「とんでもねぇな!」ということでして、エンターテイメントに携わっている人が、あれをほっておくわけないんですね。
夜には緊急会議(という名の飲み会)が開かれて、そのままスタッフの皆で実花さんに行き、今後の作戦を立てました。
また、皆様の度肝を抜くような面白いものをご提供できるかもしれません。
結局、朝から晩まで仕事で走り回ったのですが、唯一やった「ハロウインっぽいこと」は、午後におこなった「撮影会」です。
プペルの本気の仮装をした西野と一緒に記念撮影ができるという限定200組の(コスプレ)撮影会なのですが、なんかファミリーで来てくださる方も本当に多くて、すっごい楽しかったんです。
コロナになって、ああいったリアルイベントって減っちゃったんですけど、「撮影会」だと、チケットを販売する段階から、お客さんの集合時間を分けることができて、かつ、1組1組ですから、蜜を避けれるんですね。
限られた人数ですので、勿論、受付で全員、消毒&検温することもできる。
この形のリアルイベントっていいなぁと思いまして、今朝、サロンの方に「ちなみにハロウィンじゃなくても、今回のようなコスプレ撮影会の需要ってあります?」と聞いたところ……「行きたい!」という声をたくさん頂戴しました。
というわけで、本日の二日酔いが片付き次第、準備に取り掛かって、「コスプレ撮影会 第2弾」を秒速で実現します。お楽しみに。
あと、ご報告としましては、クラウドファンディング「SILKHAT」内で募集しております『西野亮廣オンライン講演会 ~マーケティング講座【上級編】~』の受講者が3100名を突破しました。
(※参加はコチラから↓)
https://silkhat.yoshimoto.co.jp/projects/2158
こちらはタイトルそのまま、西野亮廣が手加減抜きで、自身のマーケティング事例を交えながら、お話しする会です。
経営者さんや個人事業主さんクリエイターさんは必見です。もったいぶらずに、トコトン喋ります。
宜しくお願い致します。
そんなこんなで今日の本題は、冒頭お伝えした「近況報告」と繋がる話なのですが……
実は『コスプレ撮影会』にしても、『西野亮廣オンライン講演会 ~マーケティング講座【上級編】~』にしても、どちらも映画『えんとつ町のプペル』の販促活動なんです。
『コスプレ撮影会』には前売りチケットが5枚、『西野亮廣オンライン講演会 ~マーケティング講座【上級編】~』にはオンライン前売り券が3枚ついてきます。
いわゆる「特典付きチケット」なのですが、これは映画だと、よくある手法で『鬼滅の刃』だと、たしか450万人に単行本が付いてきたり、『ポケモン』とかも、そういうのありますよね。
一人でも多くの方に映画館に足を運んでもらう為に、皆、あの手この手を繰り出しています。
僕らのような小さなチームは、付けられる特典があまりなくて、特典となると、どうしても「西野が稼働する何か」がメインになってくるんですね。
ドブ板営業は得意なので、そんなのは望むところですが、ただ、当初は、『コスプレ撮影会』も、『西野亮廣オンライン講演会 ~マーケティング講座【上級編】~』もやる予定ではなかったんです。
当初は、全国の映画館を行脚して、各映画館で映画『えんとつ町のプペル』のストーリーを喋って、その出口で、チケットを手売りする予定だったのですが……コロナでその計画が全て白紙になりました。
映画館は50箇所回る予定で、仮に、各映画館の出口でチケットが200枚売れたとしたら、200枚×50個所で、1万枚の前売りチケットがそこで捌けていた。
それがコロナで白紙になっちゃったわけですが、でも、よくよく考えてみてください。
コロナで映画館を回るイベントができなくなって、その代わりの打ち手として出した、たとえば今回の『西野亮廣オンライン講演会 ~マーケティング講座【上級編】~』には前売りチケットが3枚付いていて、今の時点で3100名の受講者が決まっています。
この時点で、9300枚の前売り券が売れているわけですね。
映画館を回るイベントは1年がかり。
一方、『西野亮廣オンライン講演会 ~マーケティング講座【上級編】~』は、90分程度です。
「コロナでやれなくなった代わりに」という施策は、この他にもたくさん打っていて、(変な言い回しですが)あのままコロナがなかったら、映画『えんとつ町のプペル』の前売りチケットは、今の10分の1も売れていなかった。
何が言いたいかというと、月並みですが、問題が起きてしまうことは大して重要ではなくて、その問題に対して、どう対処するかが重要だということです。
そして、その対処する力となるのは何かというと、「天才的なひらめき」などではなく、『知識』です。
クラウドファンディング、オンラインサロン、それらのハンドリングの知識がないと、対処法の選択肢が減る。
選択肢の欠乏は「焦り」を生み、焦りは判断ミスを生んでしまうので、とにもかくにも必要なのは『知識』です。
こういう局面では、「才能」なんて、何の役にも立ちません。
そんなこんなで、「『西野亮廣オンライン講演会 ~マーケティング講座【上級編】~』に是非」という告知をブチ込んでみるわけですが、勿論、僕の講演会だけじゃなくてね、他にもたくさんの人から知識を吸収した方がいいと思います。
じゃあ、「そういうことを教えてくれる人をどこで選ぶか?」という問題になってくると思うのですが、これはあくまで僕の選び方になりますが、「今現在、売れているモノを持っている人」がイイと思います。
「売れているモノ」の線引きは、その人本人が「これだけ売れています」と言っているものではなくて、「第3者が『売れている』と認識しているモノ」です。
自分で言う分には、数字なんて、いくらでも盛れるんで。
自称数字は参考数字にしない方がイイ。
あと、現在進行形のヒット商品を持っていない人の知識は、現在進行形のヒット商品を持っていない人の知識からの引用なので、ちょっと遅いです。
あんまり使いものにならない。
昨日、YouTubeで隔週で配信している「スナック西野」にメガネブランドのOWNDAYS代表の田中さんに来ていただいたのですが、田中さんの話とかは「ヒット事業を生み出している現場の話」なので、メチャクチャ勉強になります。
https://youtu.be/wr7QW72rBFg
やっぱ、そういう現役プレイヤーから学ぶのが一番イイと思います。
今日は「メンターの正しい選び方」というテーマで、お話させていただきました。
▼西野亮廣の最新のエンタメビジネスに関する記事(1記事=2000~3000文字)が毎朝読めるのはオンラインサロン(ほぼメルマガ)はコチラ↓
https://salon.jp/nishino
▼Instagram版はコチラ↓
https://nishino73.thebase.in/items/25497065
━━━
2020年12月25日公開!
映画『えんとつ町のプペル』
▼オンラインムビチケ(特典付き)の購入はこちら↓
https://mvtk.jp/Film/070395
▼上映館はこちら
https://theater.toho.co.jp/toho_theaterlist/poupelle.html…
[the right choice of mentor]
Yesterday was a rough day.
In the morning, the music video for the opening theme song (@HYDE) of the movie ′′ a no-Cho ′′ has been released, but at the same time, the customer is of course, and the side of the people involved is also the wa...... all kinds of contacts I got it.
https://youtu.be/StVsfO0lVok
In a nutshell, it's outrageous!" so people who are engaged in entertainment can't keep it hehehehe.
At Night, the emergency meeting (called drinking party) was held, and the staff went to Hana-San, and made a future operation.
We may also be able to offer you some interesting things that will make you stunned.
In the end, I ran around at work from morning to night, but the only ′′ Ha-ish thing ′′ that I did is the ′′ photoshoot ′′ that I did in the afternoon.
It's a limited 200-Group (Cosplay) photoshoot that you can take a commemorative photo with nishino, who did a serious costume of but there were so many people who came to the family, and it was really fun. I'm sorry.
I've been in Corona, and I've lost a real event, but it's a ′′ photoshoot ′′ and I'm going to separate the customer's gathering time from the stage of selling tickets, and I'm going to have a 1-group 1 pairs, so you can avoid nectar.
It's a limited number of people, so of course, you can also disinfect &'m all at the reception.
I thought it was good to have a real event in this shape, and this morning, I heard that the salon said, ′′ by the way, even if it's not Halloween, there's a demand for a cosplay photoshoot like this time?" I want to go I gave you a lot of voices called!"
So, as soon as today's hangover is over, I'm going to get ready, and I'm going to have a ′′ Cosplay Photoshoot no. 2 ′′ in a second. Look forward to it.
Later, we are looking for a crowdfunding ′′ Silkhat ′′ in the crowdfunding ′′ Silkhat ′′ ′′ ′′ Ryo Nishino Online Lecture ~ Marketing course [Advanced Edition ~" we have breached 3100 participants I'm sorry.
(* join here ↓)
https://silkhat.yoshimoto.co.jp/projects/2158
This is the title, and ryo nishino is a meeting to talk about with his own marketing cases.
A MUST-see for managers and personal business operators. I'm going to talk about a ton without a waste.
Thank you for your support.
This is how today's chase is a story that leads to the ′′ Status report ′′ that I told you about the opening......
In fact, even if it's a ′′ Cosplay photoshoot," it's a promotional activity for the movie ′′ a town of the town ′′ even if it's a ′′ Cosplay Photoshoot ~"
′′ Cosplay photoshoot ′′ has 5 advance tickets," ryo nishino online lecture ~ Marketing course [Advanced Edition ~" we have 3 online advance tickets.
It's the so-called ′′ ticket with special gift," but this is a movie, and it's a common method, and it's a ′′ DEMON SLAYER ′′ and it's a book for 450 million people, and it might be ′′ Pokemon," that's it There is, isn't it?
Everyone is taking another to carry their feet to the cinema for a lot of people.
A small team like us doesn't have a lot of perks to be put on, and when it comes to perks, it's going to be the main thing that nishino is going to work.
I'm good at the gutter business, so i want that, but at first, I'm going to have a ′′ Cosplay photoshoot ′′ and ′′ Ryo Nishino Online Lecture ~ Marketing course [Advanced Edition ~" I'm not planning to do it too I did.
At First, I went on a pilgrimage to the cinema across the country, and I was planning to talk about the story of the movie ′′ a in the town ′′ at each movie theater, and I was planning to sell tickets at the exit...... in corona The plan has all been blank.
The cinema is going to go around 50 places, and if you sell 200 tickets at the exit of each cinema, there are 200 x 50 places, and there are 1 million advance tickets there I was making money.
It's been a blank in Corona, but think about it well.
I couldn't do an event to go around the movie theater in Corona, and I put it out as a replacement hand, for example, this time, ′′ Ryo Nishino Online Lecture ~ Marketing course [Advanced Edition ~" I have 3 advance tickets for the ′′ Advanced Edition It's attached and 3100 participants are decided at the moment.
At this point, 9300 advance tickets are selling.
It takes 1 years to go around the cinema.
Meanwhile," Ryo Nishino Online Lecture ~ Marketing course [Advanced Edition] ~" is about 90 minutes.
The policy of ′′ instead of being able to do it in corona ′′ is hitting a lot of other things, and if there is no corona, the advance tickets for the movie ′′ a town ′′ are now I didn't sell 1 minutes of it.
What you want to say is a cliche, but it is not very important to have a problem, and it is important how to deal with the problem.
And the power to deal with it is not ′′ genius inspiration ′′ but ′′ knowledge,"
Crowdfunding, online salon, without the knowledge of those handling, the option of coping is reduced.
The deficiency of the option is ′′ impatience ′′ and impatience gives birth to a judgement mistake, so it is ′′ knowledge ′′ that you need to do it.
In this phase, ′′ talent ′′ doesn't stand for anything.
This is how I'm going to blow up the announcement of ′′ Ryo Nishino Online Lecture ~ Marketing course [Advanced Edition] ′′ come on ~" but of course, it's not just my lecture, but I'm going to have a good time. I think it's better to absorb knowledge from a lot of people.
So," I think it's going to be a problem where to choose someone who teaches me that kind of thing?" but this is my choice, but," now I'm selling it I think the one who has things is good.
The line of ′′ selling things ′′ is not what the person says ′′ this is only selling," the 3th person recognizes ′′ selling ′′ Here it is.
When you say it yourself, you can't get enough of the numbers.
Self-proclaimed numbers are better not to be a reference number.
Later, the knowledge of those who don't currently have progressive hit goods is a bit slow because it's a quote from the knowledge of those who don't currently have progressive hit goods.
I don't get too useless.
Yesterday, I came to Mr. Tanaka, a representative of the glasses brand owndays, on the ′′ snack nishino ′′ that was streaming on Youtube, but tanaka's story is ′′ the story of the site that produces the hit business ′′ I'm going to study so much.
https://youtu.be/wr7QW72rBFg
I think it's best to learn from that kind of active player.
Today we talked about the theme of ′′ the right choice of mentor ′′
▼ an article about the latest entertainment business of ryo nishino (1 articles = 2000 to 3000 characters) can be read every morning online salon (almost mail magazine) is here ↓
https://salon.jp/nishino
▼ Instagram version is here ↓
https://nishino73.thebase.in/items/25497065
━━━
Released on December 25, 2020!
The movie in a town ′′
▼ Buy Online Bangabandhu (with perks) here ↓
https://mvtk.jp/Film/070395
▼ here is the screening hall
https://theater.toho.co.jp/toho_theaterlist/poupelle.html#region7Translated
small talk example 在 Ray Mak Youtube 的最讚貼文
Microgreens have always been a passion for me because I love eating them and I eat them all the time. What's more efficient that growing them on my own? And since I grow them, I'm going to show you how I grow them so you can grow them too. They are extremely wonderful super nutritious powerhouses.
This video will guide from from microgreen seeds, all the way to your tummy. In this example I've used Sunflower Microgreens.
Intro by Daniel Such
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRy-JftlpRvSP49jH81ZTBQ
(As you guys know, I've exhausted my Sub Count trying to support small YouTubers. So I'm using Intros and YouTube Community Postings to help move your channels forward. Hope you guys can appreciate that)
#microgreens #howtogrow #raymak
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small talk example 在 Rayner Teo Youtube 的精選貼文
If you're new to Forex trading, have less than a year of experience, or you want to learn more about Forex markets, then this course is for you.
** FREE TRADING STRATEGY GUIDES **
The Ultimate Guide to Price Action Trading: https://www.tradingwithrayner.com/ultimate-guide-price-action-trading/
The Monster Guide to Candlestick Patterns: https://www.tradingwithrayner.com/candlestick-pdf-guide/
** PREMIUM TRAINING **
Pro Traders Edge: https://www.tradingwithrayner.com/pte/
Pullback Stock Trading System: https://pullbackstocktradingsystem.com/
Price Action Trading Secrets: https://priceactiontradingsecrets.com/
0:10 Forex Trading for Beginners: What is Forex Trading
First and foremost, what is Forex Trading? Alright so, Forex Trading, right, or the word Forex refers to Foreign Exchange. What you are doing is trading one currency for another.
1:20 Forex Trading for Beginners: Who trades Forex and why?
So there are numerous market participants, right, who trade Forex. For example, you have the central banks, banks, corporations and retail traders. So central banks could be because, right, they want to make our economy more competitive, right, by devaluing their currency.
2:20 Forex Trading for Beginners: Forex Hierarchy
So this is the hierarchy, right, you can see that at the top of the food chain is the major banks, the central banks. Then followed by medium-sized and smaller banks, then the brokers, okay, hedge funds, corporations, and finally, retail traders at the bottom.
2:45 Forex Trading for Beginners: Advantages of Forex Trading.
So there are numerous advantages of Forex Trading. Number one, there is high liquidity, right? So unlike stocks that sometimes if you trade penny stocks or small-cap stocks there is no liquidity, right?
4:41 Forex Trading for Beginners: Currency Pairs
So now, what are some of the different currency pairs in the market? Right, there are three broad currency pairs that you should be aware of, right.
6:25 Forex Trading for Beginners: Forex Trading Sessions
Let's talk about the different Forex trading sessions, so. Unlike the stock markets where you're just in one session, the Forex market, you have typically three different sessions.
10:05 Forex Trading for Beginners: Forex Trading Terminology
Now, moving on, right, let's talk about some common Forex trading terminologies. Right, this might be slightly different from stocks, right, but generally the concepts, right, can be applied the same.
21:25 Forex Trading for Beginners: Types of Forex Trading Orders
So, moving on, right, the different types of Forex orders, right, so there are a few types, right. Market order, limit order, stop order, stop-loss order.
26:29 Forex Trading for Beginners: Forex Charts
Okay, so now, the different types of Forex chart. Right, so generally there are, well, there are many types of Forex chart, but I'm just going to, you know, share with you the three common ones. The line chart, bar chart, and the candlestick chart.
30:27 Forex Trading for Beginners: Forex Analysis
Right, so your fundamental analysis, you have technical analysis and sentiment analysis.
34:38 Forex Trading for Beginners:
Forex brokers, generally it can be broken down into one of these two categories, right, dealing desk broker, and a non-dealing desk broker.
42:53 Forex Trading for Beginners: How to Protect Yourself
Alright, so, let's say, for example, you trade with your broker, and you know, you find that your broker did something unjust to you, how can you protect yourself?
I have come to the end of this Forex trading course, I hope you got as much value out of it, and if you want to learn more, okay, you can go down to my website, tradingwithrayner.com.
** FREE TRADING STRATEGY GUIDES **
The Ultimate Guide to Price Action Trading: https://www.tradingwithrayner.com/ultimate-guide-price-action-trading/
The Monster Guide to Candlestick Patterns: https://www.tradingwithrayner.com/candlestick-pdf-guide/
** PREMIUM TRAINING **
Pro Traders Edge: https://www.tradingwithrayner.com/pte/
Pullback Stock Trading System: https://pullbackstocktradingsystem.com/
Price Action Trading Secrets: https://priceactiontradingsecrets.com/
small talk example 在 Rayner Teo Youtube 的最佳解答
00:00 In today's episode, I have a question from Umang, who asked, "Hey Rayner, how do I scan the stock markets for my trading setup? Because there are so many stocks out there. Hundreds, if not thousands of stocks."
00:17 So my response to this is that there's a four-step procedure that you can follow, number one: finding a trading setup or a pattern is just like finding a wife.
00:37 if you are looking for a wife who is a brunette, Asian, Chinese, Indian, or whatsoever, you have to know what you're looking for in the first place, and it's the same for trading the markets.
00:54 Are you looking for a trending stock? a breakout stock, or maybe a stock that's tanked over the last twelve months and you're going to buy near the bottom whatsoever.
01:10 Once you've defined your trading setup then you can go into step two: Determine the market cap of the stocks you want to trade. For example, for those of you who are in the U.S., you have Russell 3000. Russell 3000 comprises of the large-cap, mid-cap, and the small-cap stocks. So, if you can define what market capitalization of stocks you want to trade, you can filter it down further. But if you're let's say, in Singapore, there's the large-cap, mid-cap, you have a few thereabout. You don't really need to do this classification, it's only for those of you who are in countries where you have thousands and thousands of stocks.
01:48 So once you have classified the market cap at step two, proceed to step three: Scan the markets. Let's say you want to scan stocks that are trending, what you want to do is to put up the twenty, fifty and two hundred period moving average, so if the stock is above the three moving averages, chances are it's a trending stock. You can also go through your entire watchlist and scan all the stocks which are above these moving averages. Alternatively, if you want to trade breakout stocks, you can just look for stocks that are on a 52-week high, breaking out of their 200-day high, etc. Another example I can give you is that if you want to buy stocks that are doing very bad over the last 12 months and you want to catch bottoms, what you can do is to scan stocks at their 52-week low, 200-day low, and etc.
02:44 Once you've scanned the markets, what you want to do is do number four: Put it all in a spreadsheet. Let's say you have 500 stocks to scan, you can do it all on the weekend. You want to put down those stocks in a spreadsheet that are close to having their setup occur so that when the market opens next week, you will only focus on those stocks in your spreadsheet that are about to have their setup occur. So, what you want to do is to find the gems among your 500 stocks and put it into a spreadsheet, and focus on it this coming week.
03:40 Now that you can scan the stock market and find the trading setups that you want, some of you might be wondering if there is any software to do this work for you? The only one that I do know of is Finviz, F-I-N-V-I-Z, and that is only for the U.S. stock market. They have this kind of quick scanner on whether you want to use fundamentals or technicals. As for local Singaporean stocks, Philippine stocks, Indian stocks, I do not know of such tools that are in the market right now. But for the U.S. there is Finviz. If there are no scanners you can just go through the four steps I shared with you. Number one, define your trading setup. Number two, know the market cap that you want to trade. Number three, scan the markets. And number four, put those stocks that you have scanned into a spreadsheet so you can track them when the market opens this coming week.
04:35 So that's all I have for you in this week's episode of Ask Rayner. If you're looking for proven trading strategies that work, you can go down to my website tradingwithrayner.com and access my materials for free. If you have any questions, let me know in the comments section below, and if you have enjoyed this video, hit the Like button and I would really appreciate it. I'll talk to you soon.
If you want more actionable trading tips and strategies, go to https://www.tradingwithrayner.com
Thanks for watching!
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